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[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be merciful(mercy) to others.
2．The machine has been causing a lot of problems recently because of its faulty(fault) parts.
3．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty(guilt).
4．I think you should seek guidance(guide) from your lawyer on this matter.
5．The moral of the story is：spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged(discourage) easily however difficult the situation may be.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．The small fishing village, which is often hit by severe storms, is at the mercy of the unpredictable forces of nature.
2．I am guilty for/at/about the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my guilt.
3．If you resign yourself to something unpleasant, you calmly accept that it will happen.
4．I felt so ashamed of myself for making such a fuss.
5．He is supposed to know that the deadline for application is 30 October.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．让我生气的不是你的话，而是你的所作所为。(not...but...)
It was not your words but what you did that made me angry.
2．他们同情穷人，并且总是愿意在可能的情况下伸出援助之手。
They showed mercy to/had mercy on the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.
3．由于健康问题，首席执行官做出了辞去公司负责人职务的艰难决定。
Due to health issues, the CEO made the difficult decision to resign as the head of the company．
4．她错过了升职的最后期限，感到非常失望。
She was very disappointed when she missed the deadline to get the promotion．
5．听从以上建议，你会提高你的书面英语水平。
(1)Follow the above suggestions, and you will improve your written English.(祈使句)
(2)If you follow the above suggestions, you will improve your written English.(if引导条件状语从句)
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必三U4】
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1，320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother's face...However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
I shouted, “Shut the door！”
“Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom，” came the reply. “We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight！”
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
1．Why did Shackleton go to South Georgia Island
A．To meet others.
B．To buy some food.
C．To find help.
D．To buy some boats.
2．Who was a selfish person according to the passage
A．Thomas Orde-Lees.
B．Ernest Shackleton.
C．Perce.
D．Frank Wild.
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．There was little chance that navy would stop at Elephant Island.
B．It's difficult to survive on the Elephant Island.
C．Frank was the kindest man of all the crew.
D．While they were at Elephant Island, they fed on a seal or a penguin.
4．What kind of people are Frank and Ernest
A．Selfish and bad-tempered.
B．Creative and responsible.
C．Adventurous and aggressive.
D．Caring and strong-willed.
答案：1～4.CACD
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·哈尔滨三中期中)When we think about lives crammed with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they lived life to the full and had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling in a typical existence
There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers small moments of beauty to us. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A & M University.
Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person's sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3，000 participants. In an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation of life's beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purposes, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those who watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory.
But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure.
This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life give us a pleasant surprise and embrace the significance in everyday life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，能欣赏生活中的美的人更能发现生活的意义。
1．Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To introduce a concept.
B．To attract readers' interest.
C．To demonstrate the beauty of nature.
D．To show the necessity of protecting nature.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“蝴蝶和风景”的例子以及“When people are open to...element is defined as EA”可知，第二段通过蝴蝶和风景的例子来介绍一个概念——体验性欣赏。
2．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By studying previous research data.
B．By shooting videos starring the participants.
C．By designing different strategies to reduce stress.
D．By analyzing the response from the participants.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In an initial test...to relieve their stress.”及第四段内容可推知，研究者通过分析参与者的不同反应来进行研究。
3．Who tends to find life more meaningful according to the passage
A．A person who always gets her life well-organized.
B．A person who often hears motivating speeches.
C．A person who leads a fast-paced life.
D．A person who always expects future results.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In one case, participants who...watched more neutral videos.”可推知，经常听鼓舞人心的演讲的人更能找到生活的意义。
4．What philosophy of life does the author show in the last paragraph
A．No pain, no gain.
B．Those who believe in their ability can do anything.
C．Live your life one day at a time.
D．Being at sea, sail; being on land, settle.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者在最后一段告诉我们，应该生活在当下。
B
(2025·安徽江南十校联考)Psychologists Edward L. Deci and Richard M．Ryan tried to find the core of living well. Ultimately, their research on Self-Determination Theory conducted over the course of four decades with a network of 500 participants in 39 countries, has found that the experience of happiness is affected by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs to feel competent, self-determining, and positively related to other people in the activities of one's life. These are universal needs, observed across all stages of life and in every culture in which studies have been conducted, and they help explain the truth in the ancient ideal of happiness, or human flourishing (繁荣).
According to this ideal, living well involves fulfilling one's human potential in ways that are admirable, sustainable, and personally satisfying. Ryan and Deci identified three broad forms of potential: social, intellectual, and productive/creative. In other words, the forms are psychologically linked to the satisfaction of human beings' universal basic needs for positive relatedness, self-determination, and competence. Fulfilling all three forms of potential is the key to happiness, and shaping our lives and institutions accordingly would be much more matched with sustainability than pursuing wealth without limits.
A related finding, which is very important for the pursuit of sustainability, is that escaping from poverty is important to happiness but the pursuit of wealth, status (地位), and image as life goals is less beneficial to happiness than the pursuit of life goals that directly fulfill our basic forms of potential and satisfy our related psychological needs. Societies that have promoted the accumulation of wealth without limits have not raised their general level of happiness by doing so. It should be evident to any observer of life in the U．S. that as wealth and inequality have grown, most Americans have become more painfully focused on occupational insecurity and on status competition that has simply become more expensive and less sustainable.
As a consequence, we will be happier both now and in the future if we can overcome the blind faith in wealth accumulation that shapes the socially, politically and environmentally unstable world with which we must now deal.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了自我决定理论对于幸福和可持续性的理解，并强调了追求基本心理需求的满足和多种形式的潜力实现对于幸福的重要性。
5．What did Deci and Ryan find in their research
A．Happiness is only determined by oneself.
B．500 people feel competent in their lives.
C．People should spend 4 decades to meet the basic needs.
D．Every culture has the similar understanding of happiness.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the experience of happiness...studies have been conducted”可知，每种文化对幸福都有相似的理解。
6．How can we live well according to the research
A．By achieving our potential.
B．By shaping our lives and institutions.
C．By pursuing wealth without any limits.
D．By identifying three forms of potential.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“According to this ideal...sustainable, and personally satisfying.”和“Fulfilling all three forms of potential...without limits.”可知，发挥我们的潜力，我们才能生活得更好。
7．Why does the author mention America in the third paragraph
A．To show the importance of wealth.
B．To present the necessity of escaping from poverty.
C．To introduce the new finding of the pursuit of life goals.
D．To prove the wrong concept between money and happiness.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主题是“财富和幸福的关系”，后面通过美国的例子说明无限制追求财富并未提高幸福水平，证明了金钱和幸福之间的错误概念。
8．What is the author's attitude to the world nowadays
A．Confident. B．Supportive.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
C　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，当前世界因对财富积累的盲目信仰而变得不稳定。由此可推知，作者对当今世界的态度是失望的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·濮阳期末)Robert Irwin was born on 1 December, 2003 in Queensland to his adoring parents. 1 ， his father, Steve Irwin, the famous “Crocodile Hunter”， died in an accident in 2006.Although Robert was only three years old when it happened, the memories he does have of his father 2 a great deal to him.
Some people might not want any 3 of that person they've lost, but for Robert, he loves it.Now, Robert 4 to keep the conversation going about his father.In that way, he feels like he's getting little pieces of him back.
5 the little time he had with his dad, Robert finds 6 in his loss through gratitude.He is so 7 to have had Steve, “the most amazing, loyal, dedicated father figure that anyone could ever have.”
Steve did indeed wear many 8 ．He was an educator, a conservationist and a TV star.And his passion for wildlife was 9 ．But the one thing he loved even more was his 10 ．And like any good father and husband, it was important to Steve that his family were well 11 . He always shot videos about happy times with his children and some advice he wanted to tell them. Robert got 12 every time the videos were released.
Now Robert goes on keeping memories about Steve 13 through his wildlife conservation work and role at Australia Zoo, where he has 14 his dad's shoes and inherited (继承) his dad's love of nature and all of its creatures.There's no doubt that Steve would be incredibly 15 to have such a son.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了史蒂夫·欧文的儿子罗伯特·欧文通过继承父亲的事业和热爱来保持对父亲的记忆，并展现了罗伯特对父亲深深的怀念和感激之情的故事。
1．A．Finally B．Obviously
C．Sadly D．Strangely
C　解析：根据下文“his father, Steve Irwin...died in an accident in 2006”可知，他的父亲在2006年去世，这是令人悲伤的(sadly)事情。
2．A．mean B．show
C．explain D．cost
A　解析：根据下文“_______ the little time he had with his dad, Robert finds _______ in his loss through gratitude.”可知，有关他父亲的记忆对于罗伯特而言意义(mean)非凡。
3．A．praise B．comment
C．advice D．reminder
D　解析：根据下文“that person they've lost...about his father”和常识可知，有些人可能不想要任何能让他们想起已经失去的人的事物(reminder)，但罗伯特如今仍然会继续(continue)进行有关父亲的谈话。
4．A．fails B．continues
C．pretends D．hesitates
B　解析：参见上题解析。
5．A．Reflecting on B．Showing off
C．Giving up D．Holding back
A　解析：根据上文内容和下文“the little time he had with his dad”可知，他是在回顾(reflect on)与父亲共度的短暂时光。
6．A．fun B．belief
C．honor D．comfort
D　解析：根据下文“in his loss through gratitude”和语境可知，罗伯特通过感恩找到了慰藉(comfort)。
7．A．hopeful B．respected
C．thankful D．surprised
C　解析：根据下文“the most amazing, loyal, dedicated father figure”可知，他很感激(thankful)自己拥有史蒂夫这样的父亲。
8．A．glasses B．hats
C．clothes D．ties
B　解析：根据下文“He was an educator, a conservationist and a TV star.”可知，他身兼数职。wear many hats意为“身兼数职”。
9．A．important B．acceptable
C．noticeable D．temporary
C　解析：根据下文“inherited his dad's love of nature and all of its creatures”可知，罗伯特继承了父亲对大自然及其万物的热爱，由此可推知，史蒂夫对野生动物的热爱显而易见(noticeable)。
10．A．family B．career
C．ability D．freedom
A　解析：根据下文“And like any good father and husband...some advice he wanted to tell them.”可知，他更珍视自己的家庭(family)。
11．A．matched up B．referred to
C．checked out D．looked after
D　解析：根据上文“And like any good father and husband”和下文“He always shot videos...he wanted to tell them.”可知，史蒂夫深爱家人，对他而言，照顾(look after)好家人很重要。
12．A．confused B．emotional
C．amused D．pitiful
B　解析：根据上文“He always shot videos...he wanted to tell them.”和常识可知，每次看到已逝父亲的视频都会让罗伯特变得情绪激动(emotional)。
13．A．rich B．interesting
C．unusual D．alive
D　解析：根据下文“through his wildlife conservation work and role at Australia Zoo”和常识可知，罗伯特从事和父亲相似的工作，来让关于父亲的记忆仍然鲜活(alive)。
14．A．filled B．found
C．cleaned D．repaired
A　解析：根据上文“He was an educator, a conservationist and a TV star.”和下文“inherited his dad's love of nature and all of its creatures”可知，罗伯特继承了父亲对大自然及其万物的热爱，接过了父亲的衣钵。fill one's shoes意为“接替某人的位置”。
15．A．motivated B．proud
C．ambitious D．confident
B　解析：根据上文内容和语境可知，史蒂夫会因为自己拥有这样的儿子感到骄傲(proud)。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical practice, first appeared in the book Huang Di Nei Jing from the Warring States Period and is considered one of the treasures of Chinese medicine. Before modern medicine emerged, ancient Chinese used stone tools 1.______(relieve) pain. Over time, this primitive practice gradually evolved into a comprehensive and profound medical system.
Acupuncture functions by improving the smooth flow of life force energy, 2.______(know) in Chinese as qi, from the body's primary organs to body tissues of the skin, muscles, tendons, bones, and joints. The channels through which “qi” flows from the organs to tissues 3.______(call) meridians (经络), and it is along the meridians where most acupuncture needle points are located. In other words, the needles work by repairing damages to the infrastructure of our bodies, to ensure that the life force energy of “qi” can flow 4.______(smooth).
Over the years, acupuncture has been used to treat a wide 5.______(vary) of health problems, including severe pains, blood pressure issues, stomach discomfort, sports injuries and weight problems. 6.___________addition, acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too. Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people 7.___________abuse alcohol, tobacco or drugs.
The benefits of acupuncture are sometimes difficult to measure, but many people find it helpful as 8.___________means to control a range of painful conditions. Acupuncture has few side 9.______(effect), so it is worth a try if you're having trouble 10.___________(ease) physical discomforts with more conventional methods.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统医学实践——针灸的起源、原理、作用以及好处。
1．to relieve　解析：考查非谓语动词。 use...to do...意为“使用……来做……”，是固定搭配，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2．known　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语life force energy之间是被动关系，空处应用过去分词作后置定语。
3．are called　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语动词。此处陈述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；call与主语The channels之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。
4．smoothly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词flow，应用副词作状语。
5．variety　解析：考查名词。a wide variety of意为“各种各样的”，为固定短语。
6．In　解析：考查介词。in addition意为“此外”，为固定短语。句首单词的首字母应大写。
7．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。
8．a　解析：考查冠词。可数名词means在句中意为“手段”，表泛指，且means的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a修饰。
9．effects　解析：考查名词复数。空处在句中作宾语，意为“作用”，空前有限定词few修饰，应用名词复数形式。
10．easing　解析：考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。Period 3　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(关于“善意的谎言”的讨论)
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　　假定你是校报英语专栏的记者。今天下午你班全体成员参加了一场关于“White lies(善意的谎言)”的讨论会，请你用英语为校报写一篇英文报道，反映讨论结果。要点如下：
1.一些人认为，为了不伤害他人的感情，生活中有时需要善意的谎言；
2.另一些人认为，人们不应该说谎，善意的谎言本质上就是谎言；
3.发表你的观点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/step1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　审题谋篇
INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/step2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　遣词造句
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[第一段]　点明主题
1．最近，我们进行了一次关于是否有必要说善意的谎言的课堂讨论。我们的观点各不相同。
Recently, we had a class discussion about whether it is necessary to tell white lies. Our opinions are divided.
[第二段]　列出正反双方观点及理由
2．许多人认为，为了避免伤害他人的感情，我们在生活中有时候需要讲一些善意的谎言。
Many people believe that we need tell some white lies in some moments in our life in order to avoid hurting others' feelings．
3．然而，另一些人认为不管是什么样的谎言，所有人都不应该说谎。
However, others argue that no one should tell lies, no matter what kind of lies．
4．他们主张，在任何情况下，每个人都应该了解关于自己的真相。
They insist that everybody should know the truth about himself in any case．
5．当人们最终知道真相时，他们可能会觉得被欺骗了。
People may feel cheated when they know the truth eventually.
[第三段]　发表自己的观点
6．当我们说善意的谎言时，我们最好考虑一下当时是什么情况，以及它可能会带来什么样的后果。
When we tell a white lie, we had better take into consideration what the occasion at that time is and what the consequence it brings.
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7．[读教材原句]　(译林选必一U2)When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes.
[记句式]　状语从句的省略
[学仿写]　用状语从句的省略改写句5
People may feel cheated when knowing the truth eventually.
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One possible version：
Recently, we had a class discussion about whether it is necessary to tell white lies.Our opinions are divided.
Many people believe that we need tell some white lies in some moments in our life in order to avoid hurting others' feelings.However, others argue that no one should tell lies, no matter what kind of lies.They insist that everybody should know the truth about himself in any case.A white lie is essentially a lie.People may feel cheated when knowing the truth eventually.
As far as I am concerned, when we tell a white lie, we had better take into consideration what the occasion at that time is and what the consequence it brings.
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第一段点明主题 1.The opinion on whether to tell some white lies in some moments varies from person to person.　关于是否有时候讲一些善意的谎言的意见因人而异。2.I'm writing to tell you about the discussion held by our class on the relationship between economic development and environment protection.我写信是想告诉你我们班同学就经济发展与环境保护关系所进行的讨论。3.Our class had a heated discussion about white lies. Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.　我们班对善意的谎言进行了热烈讨论。主要有两种观点。
第二段列出正方和反方的观点及理由 1.Some people hold the view that no one should tell lies, no matter what kind of lies.一些人认为不管是什么样的谎言都不应该说谎。2.Some students believe we sometimes need to tell some white lies in order to protect someone's feelings.一些学生认为我们有时为了保护他人的感受而需要讲一些善意的谎言。3.Some people support/are in favour of ocean exploration because they think rich resources in the ocean can help solve the problem of energy shortages.一些人支持海洋探索，因为他们认为丰富的海洋资源可以帮助解决能源短缺的问题。4.Other students think it unnecessary to consider environmental problems now because economic development comes first.其他学生认为现在没有必要考虑环境问题，因为经济发展是第一位的。5.However, some people hold a different opinion.They think that human's overfishing may not only cause pollution but also destroy the deep-sea ecosystem.然而， 一些人持有不同的观点。他们认为人类的过度捕捞不仅会造成污染， 还会破坏深海生态系统。
第三段发表自己的观点 1.Personally speaking, there are some good and bad effects caused by white lies.就我个人而言，善意的谎言既有好的影响也有坏的影响。2.As far as I'm concerned, moderate ocean exploration is worth investing because it can inspire humans to find new energy.在我看来，适度的海洋探索是值得投资的，因为它可以激励人类去发现新的能源。3.We should aim at sustainable development and find a balance between the two.我们应该以可持续发展为目标，在两者之间找到平衡。
写作二　场景微续写(实习生努力工作获认可)
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词汇积累 [动作描写]　take action, admission, make up one's mind, pass up, put off, weigh up, participation[人物描写]　ambition, trainee, correspondent, detective, thoughtful, qualified, sincerely[细节描写]　ultimately, complex, numerous, dilemma
佳句积累 [情感描写]　1.The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.2.However，fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle，under immense pressure，was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.[主旨升华]　Nonetheless，part of the art of decision-making is learning to make the most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，we should be facing our future with energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.
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[场景呈现]　托尼是一家国际公司的实习生，他下定决心有朝一日要被公司正式录取。他努力工作，从不放过任何展示自己能力的机会。幸运的是，他所做的事情得到了负责人的认可，使他有可能实现自己的追求。终于，最终的面试来了。虽然托尼认为自己能胜任这个职位，但他仍感到坐立不安。负责人经过深思熟虑后，宣布消息：托尼考虑周全，能力出众，获得正式录用。
Tony, a trainee in an international company, 1.made up his mind to be officially admitted to the company one day. He worked hard, never 2.passing up any opportunity to show his abilities[现在(分词)短语作状语]. Fortunately, what he did was recognized by the person in charge, 3.making it possible for him to realize his ambition [形式宾语＋现在分词(短语)作状语]. Ultimately，there came the final interview. 4.Although Tony thought he was qualified for the position(although引导让步状语从句), he was on pins and needles. After 5.weighing up in his mind, the person in charge announced the news that Tony who was thoughtful and capable was officially employed.
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短语必记 1.one's heart beats fast/races/pounds 　　　心跳加速 2.sit on pins and needles 如坐针毡；坐立不安3.tremble/shake with nervousness紧张得发抖4.speak in a trembling voice 用颤抖的声音说话 5.walk restlessly 不安地走来走去
必背金句 1.My heart was in my mouth as I stepped onto the stage, and I could feel my legs trembling slightly.当我走上舞台时，我的心提到嗓子眼儿，并且我能感觉到我的腿在微微颤抖。2.With his heart pounding violently, he peered through the keyhole, not daring to make a sound.他的心狂跳不止，透过钥匙孔窥视，不敢发出一点声音。3.The athlete took a deep breath, trying to calm his nerves, but his racing heart gave away his tension.运动员深吸一口气，试图平复紧张的心情，但他急促的心跳还是暴露了他的不安。4.She tried to speak, but her voice was caught in her throat, choked by the tension that gripped her.她试图说话，但声音卡在喉咙里，被笼罩着她的紧张情绪所窒息。5.With each passing minute, his nervousness grew, and he found it harder and harder to concentrate on what was happening around him.每过一分钟，他的紧张情绪就加剧一分，他发现越来越难以集中精力关注周围发生的事情。INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/博览万象1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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服饰与文化
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【高频词汇】
1．retro adj. 复古的
2．prevalence n. 流行
3．leather n. 皮革
4．linen n. 亚麻布
5．craftsmanship n. 工艺
6．evolution n. 演变
7．durability n. 耐用性
8．waterproof adj. 防水的
9．breathable adj. 透气的
10．rationality n. 合理性
11．weave v. 编织
【话题佳句】
1．(外研选必三U2)Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
通过对人们穿着的迷恋，而不是他们是谁，他为每个人打开了时尚之门——他认为时尚属于大众，而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
2．(译林选必二U4)When shopping online, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360-degree views.
线上购物时，你可以期待能够拥有自己的虚拟现实克隆试穿衣服，并看到360度视图的产品。
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Chinese military coats, a staple style in the 1980s and 1990s, have made an unexpected comeback in fashion among young people recently. 1.With their never-changing plain design and dark green color, the coats have surprisingly enjoyed 2.popularity(popular), threatening modern and expensive down coats that have dominated the Chinese winter wear market for years.The average price 3.of down coats in China exceeded 1，200 yuan. Meanwhile, a military coat generally costs from around 50 to 200 yuan. With many young people 4.purchasing(purchase) more rationally than they used to, the coats are booming.
During the first millennium BCE, fur coats-known as qiu (裘) 5.were(be) the main winter clothes. Before that, as early as the Shang and Zhou 6.dynasties(dynasty), common folk mostly made coats out of hemp (大麻) or ramie (苎麻). 7.To stay(stay) warm during winter, they would stuff oakum (麻絮) and the dried flowers of reeds. Accordingly, the term cloth gown (布衣), another name for the cloth of ramie fiber, 8. has referred(refer) to “common people” for much of the country's history since then.
During the Zhou dynasty, the poor resorted to suoyi coats, 9.originally(original) created from rush (灯芯草), as a means of staying warm. For those who couldn't even afford suoyi, paper coats were a popular alternative for their low price. Renowned Song scholar Lu You wrote in his poem Work on a Cold Rainy Day, “I've swept the garden, collected the leaves 10.and dug the ground to build a clay stove. Luckily, I have Chenopodium to cook with porridge, and there is no need to be ashamed of wearing a paper jacket.” Ultimately, The use of paper cloth gradually declined and vanished (消失) as cotton became more accessible.
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AI Doesn't Care if You're Polite to It. You Should Be Anyway.
Adapted from The Wall Street Journal
I often catch myself beginning my queries to a chatbot with a “please” and concluding with a “thank you.” Apparently, I am not alone. A December 2024 survey published by a famous technology platform found that approximately 67% of U．S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines.
In reality, AI chatbots do not appreciate politeness; they lack consciousness, feelings or a need for social manners. AIs are just designed to make us feel like we are interacting with a conscious being. From a purely practical standpoint, all those pleases and thank yous are just flushing money down the toilet.
Still, there may be value that isn't immediately measurable in showing gratitude toward AI. Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out a 10-week experiment where they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, the second to list daily irritations and the third to just keep a journal.
They found that the first group reported 25% higher happiness levels, showed stronger emotional resilience and were physically healthier. Other studies have also linked gratitude to better sleep, less depression and anxiety, and greater relationship satisfaction.
Gratitude isn't only a display of emotion; it actually has an impact on your biochemistry. What's true of gratitude is also true of kindness and generosity. Sonja Lyubomirsky, professor of psychology at UC Riverside also found that these small, frequent acts led to consistent and significant increases in happiness.
So perhaps all of our pleases and thank yous to AI have value. Showing appreciation, even toward a machine, reinforces positive habits of courtesy, patience and empathy. In our increasingly digital and automated world, preserving these human qualities may be more valuable than the cost of a few extra kilowatt-hours. Ultimately, the beneficiary of our politeness isn't the AI at all, but ourselves.
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1．query n. 疑问；询问
2．conclude (熟词生义) v．结束
3．approximately adv.大约；近似地
4．search engine 搜索引擎
5．consciousness n．意识；知觉
6．be designed to do sth. 被设计做某事；目的是做某事
7．interact with 与……互动
8．being n．生物
9．standpoint n．立场；观点
10．flush money down the toilet (习语)浪费钱财
11．measurable adj.可测量的；可衡量的
12．irritation n．烦恼；恼怒
13．resilience n．适应力；恢复力；韧性
14．display n．表现；显示；陈列
15．biochemistry n．生物化学
16．generosity n．慷慨；大方
17．consistent adj.一致的；持续的
18．reinforce v．加强；加固；强化
19．courtesy n．礼貌；谦恭
20．beneficiary n．受益者；受惠者
INCLUDEPICTURE "ArticleLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/ArticleLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "E26YYTB1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/E26YYTB1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 答案：1.practical　2.gratitude　3.politeness INCLUDEPICTURE "SummaryLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/SummaryLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　　Many AI users say pleases and thank yous to chatbots, a trend seen in 67% of U.S. users. While AI lacks 1.consciousness to appreciate manners, research shows 2.expressing gratitude enhances happiness, emotional resilience, and health. Such politeness toward AI reinforces human virtues like empathy, 3.benefiting users more than the machines.
INCLUDEPICTURE "StructuralLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/StructuralLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 1.A December 2024 survey published by a famous technology platform found that approximately 67%of U．S. AI users are also polite and show gratitude toward AI search engines.[分析]　句中“published by a famous technology platform”为动词-ed形式作后置定语；that 引导宾语从句。[翻译]　2024年12月的一项发表在一家著名科技平台上的调查发现，约67%的美国人工智能用户对人工智能探索引擎也表现出礼貌和感激之情。2.Psychologists Robert Emmons and Michael McCullough carried out a 10-week experiment where they divided participants into three groups, asking the first to list things they are grateful for, the second to list daily irritations and the third to just keep a journal.[分析]　句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词experiment，从句中现在分词短语“asking the first... keep a journal”为动词-ing形式作状语；“the first...grateful for”“the second... irritations”和“the third...a journal”为三组并列的“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；“they are grateful for”为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词things。[翻译]　心理学家罗伯特·埃蒙斯和迈克尔·麦卡洛开展了一项为期10周的实验，在这一实验中他们将参与者分为三组，要求第一组列出他们感激的事情，第二组列出每日的烦恼，第三组只需写日记。
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My Uncle
Excerpt from A Journey to the Center of the Earth
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一个坚定果敢、具有献身精神的科学探险家同他的侄儿和向导汉恩斯按照前人的指引，在地底经过整整三个月的艰辛跋涉，进行科学探险。
Looking back to all that has occurred to① me since that eventful② day, I am scarcely③ able to believe in the reality of my adventures. They were truly so wonderful that④ even now I am bewildered⑤ when I think of them.
My uncle was a German, having married my mother's sister, an Englishwoman. Being⑥ very much attached to⑦ his fatherless nephew⑧， he invited me to study under him in his home. My uncle is a professor of philosophy⑨， chemistry⑩， geology ， mineralogy (矿物学), and many other ologies (学科).
One day, after passing some hours in the laboratory, I suddenly felt the necessity of eating, and was about to wake up our old French cook, when my uncle, Professor Von Hardwigg, suddenly opened the street door, and came rushing upstairs.
“Harry—Harry—Harry—”
I hastened to obey, but before I could reach his room, jumping three steps at a time, he was stamping his right foot upon the landing.
“Harry！” he cried, in a frantic (疯狂的) tone, “Are you coming up？”
To be frank ， at that moment I was far more interested in our dinner than in any problem of science. But my uncle was not a man to be kept waiting; so I presented myself before him.
He was a very learned man. My excellent uncle, Professor Hardwigg, he studied, he consumed the midnight oil (开夜车), he pored over heavy tomes (大部头书), and digested huge books.
There was a reason why my uncle objected to displaying his learning: he stammered ； and when intending to explain the phenomena of the heavens, he was in such a vague way that few were able to comprehend his meaning.
In sciences, there are many almost unpronounceable (拗口的) names—names very much resembling those of Welsh villages, which added to his difficulty. He would finally give up and swallow his frustration —in a glass of water.
I was bound to him by the double ties of affection and interest. I took deep interest in all his doings, and hoped some day to be almost as learned as him. It was a rare thing for me to be absent from his lectures. Like him, I preferred mineralogy to all the other sciences.
My uncle Hardwigg was once known to classify six hundred different geological specimens by their weight, hardness ， fusibility (可溶性), sound, taste, and smell.
He corresponded with all the great, learned, and scientific men of the age . I was, therefore, in constant communication with, Sir Humphry Davy, Captain Franklin, and other great men.
But before I state the subject on which my uncle wished to discuss with me, I must say a word about his personal appearance. My uncle was fifty years old; tall, thin, and wiry . Large spectacles hid, to a certain extent, his vast, round, and goggle (瞪住的) eyes, while his nose was irreverently (不逊地) compared to a thin file.
The truth being told, however, the only article really attracted to my uncle's nose was tobacco. Another peculiarity (特点) of his was, that he always stepped a yard and clenched his fists (握紧拳头) as if he were going to hit you.
It is further necessary to observe that he lived in a very nice house in that very nice street. Though lying in the center of a town, it was half wood, half bricks and with old-fashioned gables (山墙)—one of the few old houses spared by the great fire of 1842.
My uncle was rich; his house was his own property ， while he had a considerable private income. To my notion the best part of his possessions was his god-daughter, Gretchen. And the old cook, the young lady, the Professor and I were the sole inhabitants.
I loved mineralogy, I loved geology. And if my uncle had been in a little less of a fury ， we should have been the happiest of families. To prove the excellent Hardwigg's impatience, I solemnly declare that, for example, once when the flowers in the drawing-room pots began to grow, he rose every morning at four o'clock to make them grow quicker by pulling the leaves .
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①occur to被想到；出现在头脑中
②eventful adj.多事故的
③scarcely adv.几乎不
④此处为“so...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
⑤bewilder v．使……不知所措
⑥此处为v.-ing作状语。
⑦be attached to喜爱
⑧nephew n．侄子
⑨philosophy n．哲学
⑩chemistry n．化学
geology n．地质学
necessity n．需要
be about to do即将做
此处为v.-ing作状语。
hasten v．赶快
此处为v.-ing作状语。
stamp [熟词生义] v．跺脚
to be frank坦率地说
learned adj.知识渊博的
pore over钻研
digest v．理解，领悟
object to反对
stammer v．结巴
phenomena n．现象
vague adj.含糊的
此处为“such...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
resemble v．相似
此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语。
swallow [熟词生义] v．默默忍受
frustration n．沮丧
bind (bound, bound) v．绑；缚
tie n．结；联系
affection n．喜爱之情
be absent from缺席
specimen n．标本
hardness n．硬度
correspond with...与……通信
age [熟词生义] n．时代
此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。
wiry adj.瘦而结实的
article [熟词生义] n．物品
此处为让步状语从句的省略。
spare [熟词生义] v．幸免
property n．财产
fury n．愤怒
solemnly adv.郑重地
此处为方式状语。单元过关检测(一)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the woman going to do
A．Having a holiday.
B．Asking for a sick leave.
C．Working in Osaka.
2．What does the man want to know
A．What sports to play.
B．Where to do sports.
C．How to meet people.
3．What will the boy clean
A．The window.
B．The bottle.
C．The car.
4．Where does the conversation take place
A．At the man's office.
B．At a clothing store.
C．At a travel agency.
5．Who plays tennis best in the woman's opinion
A．David. B．Steven.
C．Mike.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where are the two speakers
A．In a hotel.
B．In a theater.
C．At home.
7．What does the man want to do
A．See a play.
B．Play football.
C．Watch TV.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why does Amanda call Tom
A．To visit his factory.
B．To invite him to her party.
C．To ask about his party plan.
9．When will the customer come to London
A．On the 20th.
B．On the 22nd.
C．On the 25th.
10．Where is the factory
A．In London.
B．In Leeds.
C．In Bath.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Boss and clerk.
B．Customer and manager.
C．Interviewer and interviewee.
12．What do we know about the woman
A．She is in charge of the IT Department.
B．She is dissatisfied with the man's work.
C．She knows many programming languages.
13．What attracts the man to work for the company
A．An offer of a high salary.
B．The company's bright future.
C．The opportunity to play games.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What are the two speakers talking about
A．Buying holiday presents.
B．Making a Christmas plan.
C．Sharing opinions on friendship.
15．What does Susan say about Mary
A．She prefers fruit to coffee.
B．She is trying to lose weight.
C．She usually goes abroad during holidays.
16．How does Susan feel about Jack's suggestion
A．Doubtful.
B．Satisfied.
C．Surprised.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．How will students feel about the university life at its beginning
A．Disappointed and fearful.
B．Satisfied and hopeful.
C．Excited and anxious.
18．What will help the students to become clear about their own goals
A．Walking around the university.
B．Understanding the university requirements.
C．Getting used to university life.
19．Why does the speaker advise the students not to give up learning
A．Learning can help them understand their own value.
B．Learning can help them improve their life.
C．Learning can help them get university degrees.
20．What is the most important for the new students
A．Fields of learning.
B．Results of learning.
C．Ways of learning.
答案：1～5.ACCBA　6～10.ACBAC
11～15.CABAB　16～20.BCBBC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Yesterday I booked a flight for my trip to Osaka next week.I'm leaving soon.①
M：Great! You haven't had any time off for almost two years.
(Text 2)
M：I'm having trouble meeting people here in the city.Any ideas？②
W：The gym is a good place to meet people.Or play in a team sport, such as baseball and volleyball.
M：That sounds fine.I'm good at playing tennis.
(Text 3)
W：Hello, Jim.That window is very clean.
M：Oh, hello, Mum.Dad and I washed it before lunch.But the car is dirty and I need to help Dad do that now.③
W：OK, but have a bottle of milk first.
(Text 4)
W：Can I help you
M：Yes, I'm looking for some suit that I can wear at the office as well as on weekends.④
W：Let me show you a new summer collection.
(Text 5)
W：Mike is good at tennis, isn't he
M：Yes.But speaking of tennis, Steven is the best in our school.
W：I don't think so.David is the best in my mind because he had won many prizes in tennis matches.⑤
(Text 6)
W：So, what are we going to do tonight, Dave
M：Let's watch TV.⑦ There's a soccer match between the US and Brazil on.
W：No way! We are on VACATION.I refuse to sit in a hotel room and watch soccer on TV.⑥ I want to go to see a play.
M：Come on.I'm sure it's too late to get tickets now.
W：Nice try, but you don't know for sure without trying.
M：All right, all right.Which shows are popular right now
W：I read in New York magazine yesterday that Jessica Lange and Alec Baldwin are co-starring in A Streetcar Named Desire.Isn't it great Let me first call the ticket agent to see if there are any tickets.
(Text 7)
M：Hello.This is Tom speaking.
W：Hi, Tom.This is Amanda.How are you doing lately
M：Nothing special.What's up
W：I'm calling to ask you if you want to come to my party on the 22nd.It's next Friday.⑧⑨
M：Well, I'm not sure if I'll be there that day.I have a customer from Leeds coming to London next Wednesday and I'll have to take him to Bath to visit our factory.⑨⑩ I'll call you back as soon as I can make the decision. By the way, when will the party begin
W：At 8：30.At my house.You know where it is
M：Yes.
W：OK.Hope to see you then.
(Text 8)
W：Hi, you must be Robert.
M：Yeah, that's right.
W：Debbie Charm, head of the IT Department. OK, so what experience do you have in computer programming
M：Well, over the past three years I've had a lot of experience with many different programming languages.
W：OK, so what's the attraction for working for our company
M：Well, I've seen some of the computer games you've come up with and therefore I think you're a very youthful company with a very good future.
W：OK, excellent. Well, I need somebody to work right away. Do you think you can do that？
M：Certainly, yeah.
W：OK, we'll have your salary on $ 1，400 a month to start with. Does that sound good
M：That sounds fine.
W：OK, you'll be working in the game section of our department. So why don't you come on Monday
M：OK.
(Text 9)
M：Hi, Susan.How are you I've been wondering when I'd run into you.What are you busy with
W：Nice to meet you here, Jack. I'm buying some New Year gifts for those who work with me， but it's really a headache.
M：Maybe I could give you some advice.Firstly, you'd better divide them into different groups.Who are the people that are your friends as well as your workmates And who are the people that you do not know well but you see pretty much daily
W：OK.Then what should I do
M：For the friends, you want to give them personal gifts.Do they like chocolate
W：This is what I always give. But I know Mary is on a diet.
M：Does she like fruit or coffee Anyway, think of a gift that you know your friend likes.
W：Well, I think fruit is helpful to keep fit.How about the rest of them
M：Leave cards in their mailboxes or on their desks.
W：New Year cards
M：Yes.You can afford that.More importantly, it shows them that you are thinking of them.
W：Thank you for your suggestion, Jack.You really have saved me, and my money as well！
(Text 10)
Congratulations，everybody. Welcome to our university. The starting of the university can be exciting on the one hand，and can also be worrying on the other. No matter how you are going to learn，you have to make plans.In the first few months，spend some time walking around the university and find out what it is like.Do your best to get used to the life here and get to know your professors and classmates.Trying to understand what our university expects of you will help you to become clear about your own goals. During this time you have of course to study hard to pass the exams.But what's more important for you is to put some energy into learning how to learn. Thinking about what you want from the university and how you can reach your goals.You should have some difficulties in your studies and learning is not always a pleasant journey.Some of you may find your studies are not exciting and are thinking of stopping learning.In this case，just think it over before you make the decision.For learning is so important that it will change your future life. Our university can answer your real learning if you can make up your mind to go through with it.This is what I like to say to you at the moment. If you still have any questions，please come to my office.Thank you.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
This program is ideal for active volunteers who love sports and enjoy working with children and people from all walks of life.
South African children are passionate about sports and eager for any opportunity to play their favorite games. However, many schools in the community lack the funds and resources to provide PE classes for their students. Volunteers help with this issue by providing guidance that enables students to practice and enjoy a range of sports.
Sports volunteer work can vary but usually includes：
·Planning and delivering PE lessons
·Helping run sports games and training
·Setting up healthy games and activities
·Sharing your love of sports
·Coaching and encouraging students to enjoy sports
Volunteer Requirements
·Volunteers need to be 18 years or over to participate. If you are under the age of 18, International Volunteer HQ (IVHQ) offers alternative volunteer opportunities for teens. Visit our High School Volunteer Abroad page to learn more.
·All volunteers are required to speak fluent English, have proper volunteer travel insurance and provide a personal background check to IVHQ before starting off.
Volunteer Schedule Example
·First Day
On your first day of volunteering, you will be sent to your placement by a local team member.
·Weekdays
A typical volunteer day is as follows：
8：00 am Volunteers travel to their placements
8：30 am-2：00 pm Volunteers join the placement staff and begin to work
2：00 pm-5：00 pm Work at the placement usually ends. Volunteers are free to travel back to their accommodation or do some shopping　
　　·Weekends
During the weekends, volunteers have free time to relax or take the opportunity to explore Rio de Janeiro and other areas of Brazil. Popular tourist activities include relaxing on the beaches of Copacabana, climbing Corcovado Mountain, visiting the statue of Christ the Redeemer and exploring Iguazu Falls.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了针对南非儿童体育教育的志愿者项目，包括志愿者的职责、要求、日程安排以及周末活动等细节，旨在吸引并招募符合条件的志愿者参与。
21．What is the volunteers' duty in the program
A．Providing health care to students.
B．Recording the locals' passion for sports.
C．Teaching the locals something about health.
D．Helping students through healthy activities.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Volunteers help with this issue...a range of sports.”可知，志愿者的职责是通过健康活动帮助学生。
22．What is required to take part in the program
A．Related work experience.
B．Necessary medical insurance.
C．A good grasp of a certain language.
D．A high school student identity.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据Volunteer Requirements部分中的“All volunteers are required to speak fluent English”可知，所有志愿者需要熟练掌握英语这门语言。
23．What do volunteers usually do on Saturdays
A．Offer assistance at the hotel.
B．Act on their own schedule.
C．Work with a local team.
D．Reunite with their family members.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据Weekends部分中的“During the weekends, volunteers have...other areas of Brazil.”可知，在周六，志愿者可以按照自己的日程安排活动。
B
When I was little，my mother used to tell me Chinese folk tales before bedtime.She is an immigrant (移民). She told me those stories so that I wouldn't forget the culture that she had left.Even though I hadn't ever experienced that culture at first hand, she wanted me to remember it.
Of all her stories，my favourites were about Sun Wukong，the Monkey King whose fighting skills were impressive.Eventually，though，I moved on to other kinds of heroes.When I was in the fifth grade, I bought my first American comic book.Superman and Captain America soon replaced Sun Wukong in my heart.
I was so obsessed with comic books that I went on to pursue a career in comics.Today I am a professional graphic novelist.My most well-known book is American Born Chinese.Monkey King is one of my main characters，but the book isn't a direct adaptation of my mother's stories.Instead, I invited Monkey King into my story so that I could talk about the uneasiness of growing up as an Asian American.The character I knew from my childhood expressed his emotions without reservation.I needed him to emote on my pages.
For research，I tracked down an English translation of Journey to the West，the Chinese classic that told the Monkey King's stories.Reading it was the first time I had encountered him on my own, without the filter of my mother.I realized that American superheroes hadn't replaced Sun Wukong in my heart after all—they were simply Western expressions of everything I loved about the Monkey King.The book has lasted for centuries and travelled across continents and cultures because it captures something essential about our experience.
My mother now has Alzheimer's disease.She's forgotten all of the stories she used to tell me, but I remember.In many ways，I've built my whole career on those moments before bedtime.With every comic book I create，I am trying to recapture the wonder I felt when my mother told me the stories of Sun Wukong.I hope these stories fill you with that same wonder.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲作为一位移民，常常给作者讲中国民间故事，其目的是希望作者不要忘记自己的文化。其中，作者最喜欢孙悟空的故事，孙悟空也在很大程度上影响了作者的人生。
24．What did the author's mother expect him to do
A．Keep his cultural root.
B．Earn a living by writing.
C．Adapt himself to the new country.
D．Experience Chinese culture first-hand.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She is an immigrant...she wanted me to remember it.”可知，作者的母亲希望他保留文化的根。
25．What can we learn about American Born Chinese
A．It describes the growing pains of the author.
B．It is adapted from the stories of the author's father.
C．It encourages people to seek their roots back in Asia.
D．It is a best-seller among American born Chinese.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I invited Monkey King... as an Asian American”可知，作者借孙悟空讲述自己作为一个亚裔美国人成长的不安，即这本书描述了作者成长的烦恼。
26．What did the author think of Journey to the West
A．It reflects the real world.
B．It's easy for him to understand.
C．It's really a timeless classic work.
D．It's more appealing than Western comics.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“the Chinese classic”和“The book has lasted for centuries...something essential about our experience.”可推知，作者认为《西游记》是一部永不过时的经典作品。
27．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The author's childhood memories.
B．The author's concern for his mother.
C．The approach to creating comic books.
D．The influence of bedtime stories on the author.
D　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“She's forgotten all of the stories...fill you with that same wonder.”可知，最后一段主要讲那些睡前故事对作者的影响。
C
Robot guide dogs may soon become available to the 17 million visually impaired people in China thanks to researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University, who achieved a breakthrough using an artificial intelligence language model.
The AI guide dog can provide assistance in life such as crossing streets, using elevators and guiding indoor spaces without having to be connected to the Internet.It is a big step in exploring the application of involved intelligence—an intelligent machine with a physical form that can interact with the environment in real-time using sensors to conduct instructions or make decisions.The research makes it possible to provide better guidance services for visually impaired people, especially for emotional companionship.
“Though in recent years there have been some electronic navigation aids (导航助手), such as electronic navigation helmets, navigation canes, and electronic guide dogs, they cannot engage in conversations with people or fully understand human instructions，” said Sun Zhe, an associate professor at the university's School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics. “They can only perform tasks according to pre-designed programs.They are just cold machines．That's not enough.Visually impaired people face numerous challenges in daily life, including navigation difficulties and possible dangers, but smart guide dogs using the language model can offer them more convenient and safer guidance, effectively improving their life quality.” Sun said.
The research team began developing the smart guide dog based on the AI model at the end of last month.Its findings have been published in the Communications of the Chinese Computer Society.“The current results prove the possibility of this approach, but there is still some way to go before it can be put into practical application，” Sun said.“We will put more effort into it and make it available for those in need as soon as possible.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西北工业大学研究人员利用人工智能模型开发智能导盲犬的突破，为视觉障碍者提供更安全、便捷的生活辅助及情感陪伴的可能性。
28．What assistance can AI guide dogs provide
A．Provide real-time guidance in daily life.
B．Make emotional facial expressions.
C．Offer suggestions based on the Internet.
D．Replace you to make big decisions.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The AI guide dog can provide assistance in life...without having to be connected to the Internet.” 可知，人工智能导盲犬可以在日常生活中提供实时指导。
29．What does the underlined phrase “cold machines” refer to in the passage
A．Machines that are not physically warm.
B．Machines that are outdated and ineffective.
C．Machines that are used in cold environments.
D．Machines that lack emotional understanding and interaction.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They can only perform tasks according to pre-designed programs.”可知，它们只能根据预先设计的程序执行任务，是“冷漠的机器”。因此，画线词组在此处指缺乏情感理解和互动能力的机器。
30．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．The team has developed AI guide dogs for a long time.
B．AI guide dogs have not been put into production yet.
C．Many scientists doubt the team's research achievements.
D．There is a lack of funding for the project's research.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The current results prove...practical application” 可推知，人工智能导盲犬尚未投入生产。
31．What is the main focus of the passage
A．The limitations of current navigation aids for the visually impaired.
B．The development of AI guide dogs for visually impaired individuals.
C．The emotional challenges faced by visually impaired people.
D．The advancements in artificial intelligence technology.
B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一种基于人工智能的语言模型的智能导盲犬，旨在为视障人士提供更好的导航服务。因此，文章的主要焦点是为视障人士开发人工智能导盲犬。
D
This is the best time and this is the worst time; this is the time of great material richness and this is the time of desert of soul. Everyone seems to be rushing around for something but they have never fulfilled their dreams. Everyone tries to seek happiness but it seems to be nowhere to be found.
When asked “What on earth can make you happy？”， most modern men would give similar replies such as becoming extremely wealthy, or getting promoted in work and then becoming very wealthy. When asked “What will you do with your wealth？”， they would make a long list of things they have been longing for. However, haven't you noticed the multibillionaires (大富豪) are not as happy as we common guys suppose them to be Haven't you noticed that the multibillionaire celebrities don't even enjoy the fundamental freedom of going shopping with their own families without being followed by annoying paparazzi
If we focus our happiness on such big issues, we are bound to be unhappy all through our life, because those big issues might just occur to us once in a blue moon.
As Socrates (苏格拉底) once put it, “He is the richest man who is content with the least, for content is the wealth of nature.” But how can we “be content with the least”？ If you pay due attention, our life is crammed with little joys, sometimes too little to be noticeable. Stop once in a while in your rush to your destination, look around and you will see that there are always little things worth cheering for. You got an “A” in a test. Good! You listened to an inspiring lecture. Great! You offered a helping hand to someone who had a flat tire. Amazing! Your dream girl or boy greeted you with a sweet smile. Fantastic! And so on and so forth. Let's cheer for the little joys in life!
Please keep in mind that never should we wait to be happy!
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了生活中充满了能让你快乐的小事情，我们不应该等待幸福，而应为生活中的小快乐欢呼。
32．What does the underlined part “once in a blue moon” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Rarely. B．Instinctively.
C．Normally. D．Frequently.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句语境并结合“big issues”“just”及常识可推知，此处表示这种大事发生的概率很小，“once in a blue moon”表示“难得一见，千载难逢”。
33．Who is most likely to be the person “content with the least” according to Socrates
A．A greedy man.
B．A pessimistic man.
C．A reliable man.
D．An optimistic man.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段苏格拉底的话及“You got an...a sweet smile.Fantastic！”可推知，知足的人一般比较乐观。
34．What does the author advise us to do in paragraph 4
A．Set great goals in life.
B．Make full use of opportunities.
C．Enjoy every moment in life.
D．Seek significant issues in life.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If you pay due attention...worth cheering for.”和“Let's cheer for the little joys in life！”可推知，作者建议享受生活中的每一刻。
35．What is the best title of the passage
A．Money Means Happiness
B．Happiness Is All Around Us
C．Dreams Make Our Life Rich
D．Satisfaction Is Unacceptable
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“If you pay due attention...worth cheering for.”可知，文章强调了我们的生活中充满了小快乐，幸福一直就在我们身边。B项最适合作文章标题。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to go to sleep quickly Does this question seem similar to you This is the most common question among people these days.Many people toss and turn all night, when they are trying to get some sleep.Sometimes, this is even worse.You may not even wink (眨眼) the whole night. 36._________But, you would be surprised to know that you just had a sleep of just an hour or two.If you are thinking about the question how to go to sleep quickly, then it is good to identify the causes that are keeping you awake.
37．_________On an average, a person should have 7 to 8 hours of sleep every night.Having a good night sleep will result in healthy life.Sleeplessness will result in lack of concentration at work, obesity, illness, and many more things.
There are many things that might be causing sleepless nights.Emotional factors are one of the main causes. 38._________Besides, your bedroom plays a vital role with regards to your sleep.Changing your bedroom environment will help you a lot in having a good night sleep. 39._________Make sure that you are maintaining the right room temperature in the bedroom.Try to remove all the things that make distracting noises in your bedroom, such as your computer and television from your bedroom, as these things have a major effect on your sleep.You can have a stereo (音响) in your room, only while playing some relaxing music. 40._________And have a comfortable bed, so that you can have a comfortable good night sleep.
A．Factors cause sleepless nights.
B．Sleep is very important in our life.
C．At last you get some sleep and wake up.
D．Bedroom is meant for relaxing and sleeping.
E．Make sure that the bed light in the room is not too bright.
F.Those like depression, stress, and anxiety will keep you awake all night.
G.These are some of the natural and simple techniques that can help you sleep quickly.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了导致失眠的因素以及一些帮助睡眠的方法。
36．C　解析：上文提到睡不着，下文提到睡了一两个小时。C项承上启下，表示即使睡着了也会在一两个小时后醒过来。
37．B　解析：空处位于段首，是本段的中心句。下文讲的是睡眠的重要性。B项符合语境。
38．F　解析：上文提到导致失眠的情感因素。F项为导致失眠的情感因素，承接上文，符合语境。
39．E　解析：上文提到改变卧室环境，下文为做出改变的要求之一。空处也应为改变卧室环境的内容。E项符合语境。
40．D　解析：上文提到把卧室里所有会让你分心的东西都拿走。D项为上文内容的递进，符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last year, my friend, Kydee Williams, and I started a non-profit project because we wanted to do charity work differently. Thereby, The Pop-Up Care Shop (TPUCS) was 41 ．
TPUCS is a traveling shop of 42 donated goods for people in need. During the holidays, we 43 clothing drives and then went to women's shelters. Our main goal was to help inspire women who were 44 with hope as well as bring a little holiday cheer to our local communities. 45 any project or movement wasn't easy. Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas were the 46 part, but actually bringing those ideas to life could seem almost 47 at times. However, there were lessons about 48 that we didn't fully realize until we started this journey.
From our experience, we learned smaller shelters, especially those in less-commercialized areas were often 49 when it came to getting community support. Actually, they were typically more 50 to new and creative ideas and would greatly welcome 51 who offered help. Under our inspiration, many 52 people devoted themselves to non-profit work. Many shelters are understaffed and the staff overworked. Working directly with them helped us 53 the specific needs of the shelter.
While material things like food, clothes, and shelter can help people survive, what 54 helps people live is the intangible (无形的) necessities like love, company, and patience. Even though we can't help every single person in the world, we can 55 a world of difference for at least one person.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了去年作者和朋友创建非营利项目的经历，通过这次经历，作者意识到物质帮助固然重要，但无形的爱、陪伴和耐心更能帮助人们。
41．A．found B．donated
C．born D．purchased
C　解析：根据上文内容可知，作者和朋友因为想以不同的方式做慈善工作，所以创建了一个非营利项目，所以“临时关怀商店”诞生(born)了。
42．A．cheap B．free
C．conventional D．messy
B　解析：根据上文a non-profit project和语境可知，此处指提供免费的(free)捐赠品给有需要的人。
43．A．quit B．chose
C．forbade D．held
D　解析：根据下文“clothing drives and then went to women's shelters”可知，他们举办(hold)了衣物捐赠的慈善活动，之后把捐赠的衣物送到了妇女庇护所。
44．A．homeless B．fearless
C．guiltless D．restless
A　解析：根据上文women's shelters 可知，那些女性应该都是无家可归的(homeless)。
45．A．Ceasing B．Highlighting
C．Starting D．Monitoring
C　解析：根据下文“any project or movement wasn't easy”和常识可知，创办(start)任何项目或活动都不容易。
46．A．hard B．fun
C．odd D．core
B　解析：根据上文“Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas”和下文but可知，集思广益并想出很酷的想法很有趣(fun)，但实际上，有时要将这些想法付诸实践几乎是不可能的(impossible)。
47．A．crucial B．unnecessary
C．impossible D．logical
C　解析：参见上题解析。
48．A．breaking down B．giving back
C．keeping up D．pulling through
B　解析：根据下文内容和语境可知，在开始这段旅程之前，作者一行并没有完全意识到关于回馈(give back)的道理。
49．A．ignored B．emphasized
C．mentioned D．accumulated
A　解析：根据语境和常识可知，较小的庇护所，特别是在商业化程度较低的地区，在获得社区支持方面往往被忽视(ignore)。
50．A．superior B．relevant
C．opposed D．open
D　解析：根据上文内容和下文“to new and creative ideas”可知，此处指这些庇护所更乐于接受(open)新的和富有创意的想法。
51．A．shoppers B．pioneers
C．officers D．volunteers
D　解析：根据下文“who offered help”可知，此处指那些愿意主动提供帮助的志愿者(volunteer)。
52．A．reliable B．selfless
C．creative D．courageous
B　解析：根据下文“people devoted themselves to non-profit work”和常识可知，投身慈善事业的人都是无私的(selfless)。
53．A．understand B．satisfy
C．anticipate D．illustrate
A　解析：根据上文“Many shelters are understaffed and the staff overworked.”可知，此处指通过与庇护所工作人员共事来帮助了解(understand)需求。
54．A．originally B．slightly
C．truly D．automatically
C　解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处将食物、衣服、住所等物质与爱、陪伴和耐心这样的无形必需品做对比，强调真正(truly)重要的东西。
55．A．identify B．detect
C．reveal D．make
D　解析：根据语境可知，作者希望通过自己的行动去帮助他人，并且呼吁更多人加入慈善的队伍，给需要帮助的人带去改变，为他们创造(make)一个不同的世界。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The ancient Silk Road was an essential network promoting the exchange of a wide variety of goods, including fruits, vegetables, and culinary (烹饪的) traditions.These 56.______(exchange) have been deeply rooted in our cultures. A typical example is the Shaanxi dish, niurou paomo, 57.___________is a kind of beef or lamb stew (炖的菜) served with a special kind of bread.As was pointed out, the meats central to this dish 58.______(import) from Western Asia around 4，500 years ago.
The Silk Road's influence extends 59.___________China, as evidenced by the ongoing debate over the origins of pasta (意大利面食). Some owe the Italian dish's beginnings to noodles that Marco Polo carried from China. 60.___________this tale is factual or not, it underlines the “spirit of the Silk Road” and suggests that people around the world share a common desire for flavorful and 61.______(satisfy) food.
This shared culinary tradition is a 62.______(remind) that we are all part of one global community.Our basic needs 63.______(range) from the need for nutrition to the joy of sharing meals are universal.The Silk Road was not only a trade route but a channel for the sharing of tastes and the mixture of flavors, 64.______(produce) a rich culinary combination enriching our lives today.It shows that while we may come from different places, our tastes can link us 65.___________our love for food can overcome the gaps between cultures.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古代丝绸之路的影响不仅限于中国，还体现在全球对美食的共同追求上。
56．exchanges　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处应填名词作主语，exchange意为“交流”，为可数名词，These后应用复数形式。
57．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词niurou paomo，且在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导。
58．were imported　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为主句谓语，主语the meats与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据下文“around 4，500 years ago”可知，空处应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数名词，be动词用were。
59．beyond　解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处指丝绸之路的影响超出了中国，用介词beyond表示“超出”。
60．Whether　解析：考查连词。根据下文or not可知，此处为固定句型whether...or not，意为“是否”。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
61．satisfying/satisfactory　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词food，应用satisfying或satisfactory，意为“令人满意的”。
62．reminder　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填名词作表语，reminder意为“提醒物，提示”，此处为单数意义，应用原形。
63．ranging　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词。range与逻辑主语needs之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。
64．producing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，produce与逻辑主语The Silk Road之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。
65．and　解析：考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处为并列关系，应用连词and。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，从互联网上得知某国外野生动物保护组织正在招募志愿者，你希望成为其中的一员，请写一封电子邮件申请加入。内容包括：
1.自我介绍；
2.个人条件(性格、爱好、英语能力等)；
3.参加意图(宣传保护动物的重要性)；
4.期待回复。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China.______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China.I have read the announcement that you posted on the Internet and I would like to work for you as a volunteer.
First，I know a lot about wild animals by reading books and watching videos.Besides, I'm easy-going and I can get along with others easily.What's more, I can speak fluent English so that I can communicate with others freely.My purpose is to make more people realize the importance of protecting wild animals.Only in this way can we protect them better.
I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
I am looking forward to your early reply!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On the eve of the New Year, I was shopping in a local supermarket, buying supplies for the festive season. The store was full of people, who entered into the spirit of the holidays. After I had gathered everything on my list, I made my way home, with a heart full of expectation for the celebrations ahead.
As I walked through a quiet park, I noticed an old man sitting alone on a bench. He looked tired and seemed to be shaking in the cold. His clothes were worn, and he gazed into the distance, as if lost in thought. The sight moved me deeply, and without a second thought, I approached him.
“Excuse me, sir, what happened to you？” I said gently. He looked at me and said, “Nothing. I'm just missing those days when I had my family with me.” Obviously, the old man lived alone. On the day when everyone was celebrating, he had to suffer loneliness. I continued. “Would you like to join me in the New Year's celebration at my home It's getting cold out here.” “Thank you, my dear，” he replied, “but I have my own little place where I like to stay on this special night.”
I respected his wishes but wanted to do something to ensure he was not alone. I asked for his address, promising to check on him later. He hesitated for a moment before sharing it with me.
Back home, I busied myself in the kitchen, preparing a hearty meal that could warm the soul. As I cooked, I also picked out two small gifts, a soft woolen blanket and a box of homemade cookies, hoping they would bring the old man comfort.
With the meal packed in a thermal (保温的) container and the gifts in hand, I set out for the old man's home. His home was a small one, which was in a quiet corner of a neighborhood. I knocked on his door, and when he opened it, the surprise on his face was evident. “I hope you don't mind，” I said. “I've brought you some food to keep you warm.”
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
The old man invited me in warmly.______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
At last, the old man wanted to give me something in return for my kindness.______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
One possible version：
The old man invited me in warmly. We spent the evening sharing stories and laughter. The room was dimly lit, but the warmth of the meal and the company made it the coziest place. I learned about his life and his gratitude for the simple joys that life offered. I handed him the gifts and said, “Remember that you're not alone.” Tears welled up his eyes as he thanked me. “You've given me more than just a meal and a blanket，” he said. “You've given me the warmth of human kindness.”
At last, the old man wanted to give me something in return for my kindness. He walked towards a small drawer. He took out a beautifully wrapped package and carefully opened it. “This is a watch my family members gave me many years ago，” he said. “It has brought me much comfort. Now, I want you to have it. ” I refused to accept the gift, but he insisted. Finally, I accepted it with gratitude. As I held the watch in my hand, I understood the true power of human connection and the lasting warmth that came from sharing the moments of compassion and generosity with others.Period 2　Grammar and usage
复习状语从句
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(1)(教材P2)There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—“Big Joe” Brady's restaurant.
这家商店所在的地方曾经有一家饭馆——“大乔”布雷迪饭馆。
(2)(教材P2)But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world.
但是我知道，如果吉米还活着的话，他会来这里见我的，因为他一直是这个世界上最忠实、最可靠的同伴。
(3)(教材P3)When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.
当你划火柴点燃雪茄时，我发现你就是芝加哥警方通缉的罪犯。
(4)(教材P6)Although he spent many years in the UK, Huang's heart never left his homeland.
虽然黄大年在英国生活了很多年，但他的心从未离开过他的祖国。
(5)(教材P6)Since he spent so much time on work, he was unable to see his family very often.
由于工作时间太长，他不能经常见到他的家人。
(6)(教材P6)In fact, he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health.　事实上，他工作太辛苦了，以至于他对自己的健康没有足够的重视。
(7)(外研选必四U3)The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
(8)(外研选必四U3)In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.
在明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌不再像从前那样繁华。
(9)(外研选必四U3)Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
尽管它曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
(10)(人教选必四U1)Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks.
克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候。
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一、时间状语从句
连　词 用　法
before 常用于以下句型：It will be long before...(得过好久才……)；It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……)；It was long before...(过了好久才……)；It was not long before...(过了不久就……)
since 意为“自……以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此外，since常用于以下句型：It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句(常用一般过去时).
as 意为“一边……一边……、随着”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
when 意为“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用，从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while 意为“当……时候、在某一段时间里”，只可与延续性动词连用，侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比
其他 1.till、not...until...、until意为“直到……为止”；2.hardly/scarcely...when...、no sooner...than...意为“一……就……”；3.directly、immediately、instantly、the moment、the minute、the second、the instant、 as soon as意为“一……就……”；4.each time、every time、the first time等
二、让步状语从句
1．though、although、as、while、even if/though、whether...or...等引导让步状语从句
(1)though与although引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
(2)as引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的让步状语从句也可以倒装，但although引导的让步状语从句不可以倒装。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”时，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
(4)even if/though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使、纵然”。
(5)whether...or...引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”，表示两种对比情况。
2．“no matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词＋?ever”引导让步状语从句
no matter后接who、what、where、how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上?ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋?ever”。
三、其他状语从句
1．地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的常见连词有：where、wherever。
2．条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常见连词有：if、 unless、 as/so long as、 in case、on condition that、provided/providing (that)、supposing/suppose (that)、 assuming that等。
3．原因状语从句
连　词 用　法
because 用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后
since/now that 表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首
as 引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中
其他 seeing that、in that、considering (that)、given that等
4．目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有：in order that、 so that、 for fear that、 in case等。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后；for fear that表示“唯恐、生怕”；in case表示“以免、以防”。
5．结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that、 so...that...、 such...that...等。
6．方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有：as、as if/as though等。as if/as though表示“仿佛、好像”，引导的方式状语从句多用虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反的假设用一般过去时，表示与过去情况相反的假设用过去完成时；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
7．比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as...as、not as/so...as、比较级＋than等来引导。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江卷1月)When Coach Pitt said “Nice work！” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised.
2．If we don't stop climate change as soon as possible, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
3．The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai, where he began his groundbreaking research.
4．I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed.
5．Trapped in the elevator, we pressed the emergency button, but it would be 30 minutes before the rescuers arrived, leaving us tense and short of breath.
6．On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
7．Mary's mother doesn't allow her to go anywhere outside the town unless another member of the family is along.
8．American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.
9．Try hard as/though she does, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
10．Whatever others say, the expert is sure that his theory is correct and he is confident that it will be widely accepted and recognized by the scientific community.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．不管任务多么困难，我们都会尽力按时完成。
No matter how/However difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it on time.
2．如果你坚持练习，你将会提高你的英语口语水平。
You will improve your oral English if you keep on practicing．
3．既然我们都是地球的一部分，我们每个人都应该尽自己最大的努力去保护它。
Now that/Since we are all part of the globe, everyone should try his/her best to protect it.
4．他一大早就去了演讲厅，以便能找个好座位。
He went to the lecture hall early in the morning so that/in order that he would get a good seat．
5．(人教选必二U2) 在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些(学生)可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。(状语从句的省略)
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·芜湖一中期末)Most of us have some sort of bucket list—a checklist of experiences and goals we hope to achieve before our time here on earth is up. When we think of how to improve our lives, our first urge is generally to add things：I'd be happier if my career were going better. Everything would be different if I could find a good relationship. There is only one problem with this approach—science suggests it tends to have the opposite result.
A mountain of researches show that when you reach your goals, they're likely to only bring you momentary joy. After a brief high, dissatisfaction creeps in (悄悄出现) and we start to long for the next thing on the list. How do you get off this problem and find lasting peace of mind Brooks offers a simple, practical suggestion：Exchange your traditional bucket list for something he calls a “reverse (反向的) bucket list”．
“Each year on my birthday, I list my wants and attachments—the stuff that fits under the categories of money, power, pleasure and honor. I try to be completely honest，” he writes. Next, Brooks sits down and lists what his life would be like in five years if he were truly happy and successful—if he were living up to his values and experiencing a sense of psychological peace. The final step is to compare the two lists side by side. Would those things he longs for actually bring him closer to his vision of the good life
If an item is on your bucket list because it lines up with your deepest desires and values, keep it. If it's there to impress the neighbors or feed a vague and strong need for “success”， onto the reverse bucket list it goes.
When scientists ask people to solve problems of all kinds, their first urge is to add elements. They think a new feature, an additional rule or extra ingredient will improve the final outcome. But recent research shows that subtraction (减法) is often the better one.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统的人生愿望清单可能只会让人获得短暂的愉悦，并提出了一个解决方法——反向人生愿望清单，以寻求持久的心灵平静和幸福。
1．What is a problem probably caused when you achieve your goals
A．You will be eaten up with pride.
B．Your confidence will be boosted overly.
C．You will be unwilling to achieve the next goal.
D．Your temporary happiness will give way to discontent.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A mountain of researches show that...the next thing on the list.”可知，实现目标后，暂时的幸福感会被不满所取代。
2．What's the difference between the traditional and the reverse bucket list
A．Whether the items on the list are listed honestly.
B．Whether the items on the list can bring you glory.
C．Whether the items on the list can be achieved.
D．Whether the items on the list are consistent with your beliefs.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，传统人生愿望清单和反向人生愿望清单的不同之处在于清单上的项目是否与你的信念一致。
3．According to Brooks, which one will be classified into the reverse bucket list
A．Buying a more luxurious villa than a friend's.
B．Keeping on working out regularly to keep fit.
C．Serving the community to keep mentally peaceful.
D．Studying abroad for further education to realise self-value.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“If it's there to impress the neighbors...onto the reverse bucket list it goes.”并结合选项可推知，A项满足反向人生愿望清单的条件。
4．What is a suitable title for the passage
A．The Barrier to Happiness: A Rule of Subtraction　
B．The Secret to Happiness: A Reverse Bucket List　
C．The Block to Happiness: A Traditional Bucket List　
D．The Truth of Happiness: A Checklist of Achievements
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了传统人生愿望清单带来的问题，以及反向人生愿望清单可以实现持久幸福的方法。B项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2025·兴化高二期末)“I am not out of place; I am where I belong，” says Joel Walker, after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a patient in Zhengzhou, China. Some locals are astonished by receiving traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from a foreigner, but Walker is confident in his path. He is among a growing number of foreigners engaging in TCM, mixing their Western backgrounds with ancient Chinese healing arts.
Walker, from Germany, came to China in 2015, drawn by martial arts. While learning Shaolin kung fu in Henan, he developed a curiosity about Chinese culture and medicine. After a year of intensive Chinese study, he signed up in Henan University of Chinese Medicine. Specializing in acupuncture, he has treated over a thousand patients. “He is skilled in heartbeat diagnosis (诊断) and acupuncture，” said his teacher, Professor Yu Dongdong.
Under his Chinese name “Wuming”， Walker has become an online hit on a video-sharing platform, gathering over one million followers. Balancing his roles as practitioner and Internet celebrity, he presents local culture in fluent Henan dialect (方言), often alongside his local girlfriend. “Your grasp of the Henan dialect is even more authentic than mine，” comments one follower. Apparently, his cultural involvement has endeared him to many. He also treated his grandmother's health problems with acupuncture, leading to her swift recovery.
With his growing fan base, Walker feels a responsibility. “Posting videos was just a pastime, but now I want to participate in more meaningful projects，” he says. He plans to create bilingual videos promoting TCM and sharing stories of ancient Chinese medical experts. “I'm devoted to spreading awareness of TCM and its far-reaching cultural significance，” he adds. Whether in China or Germany, he plans to devote himself to TCM. “I will do anything to help people through TCM. That's my calling.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了德国人约尔·沃克学习中医并在中国传播中医药学的故事。
5．What does Joel Walker's words imply in paragraph 1
A．He is content with current situation.
B．He is curious about doing acupuncture.
C．He is willing to cure the locals with TCM.
D．He is satisfied with his foreign background.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘I am not out of place; I am where I belong，’．..on a patient in Zhengzhou, China.”可推知，约尔·沃克对目前的情况感到满足。
6．Why did Joel Walker decide to study TCM
A．He was influenced by his teacher.
B．He aimed to introduce TCM to Germany.
C．He wanted to become an Internet celebrity.
D．He was inspired while learning martial arts.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While learning Shaolin kung fu in Henan...he signed up in Henan University of Chinese Medicine.”可知，约尔·沃克在学习少林功夫时，对中国文化和中医产生了兴趣，从而决定学习中医。
7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Joel Walker's success in treating his relatives.
B．Joel Walker's difficulties in learning the Henan dialect.
C．Joel Walker's challenges in balancing his multiple roles.
D．Joel Walker's popularity in winning people online and offline.
D　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，约尔·沃克因在社交媒体上的表现和流利的方言表达，吸引了众多粉丝；他的文化融合使他在线上线下获得认可，强调了他在网络和现实生活中的人气。
8．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A．To highlight a unique cultural integration in TCM.
B．To emphasize the importance of TCM in education.
C．To explore the benefits of practicing TCM in China.
D．To encourage the use of dialects in promoting TCM.　
A　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了德国人约尔·沃克通过学习和推广中医实现了文化融合，展现了中医作为独特文化方式的魅力，因此本文的目的是突出中医中的一种独特文化融合现象。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，今天你班同学就“是否应该对得了不治之症的病人说善意的谎言”这一话题展开讨论，同学们意见不一致。请你根据以下要点写一篇文章：
1.反对说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
2.支持说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由；
3.我的观点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
If a patient is suffering an incurable illness, should he or she be informed of the truth Today our class have a discussion about it.
Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness, so that they can make proper decision according to their health.Contrary to the above belief, some students hold the view that a white lie isn't acceptable.They worry that once told about their condition, patients may lose hope, which will make the situation worse.
In my view, whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude, telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.But if the patient is the opposite, we had better not do so.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Morty was checking out his library books when something caught his eye—a poster for Adventure Rocks Kids Camp.“Check this out！” Morty called to Ben and Fred as he grabbed three brochures and ran to catch up with his best friends. They all stopped, books in hands, to stare at the pictures of kids flying above canyons on zip lines (高空滑绳). They instantly believed the brochure's headline: Summer won't be complete until you take it to the limit at Adventure Rocks Kids Camp.
Ben broke the silence, “We have less than two weeks until registration (登记) opens, and it says the camp fills up fast.” Then an idea popped into Morty's head, “Why don't we sell lemonade and snacks by the side of the road We can keep our allowance savings for the camp.” “That's a great idea，” Ben said.
The sun had barely come up on Saturday morning when the kids set up their business. They chose a spot, asked permission from that homeowner, and then asked to use her water to make lemonade.
Their business went smoothly until Ben announced that they had a comparatively small stock of lemons shortly after noon. Morty decided to make their stock go further. “Fred, when the pot was one-fourth full, just fill it to the top with the water hose.” Morty was thinking out loud, “I'll change the sign and charge 30 more cents for each cup of lemonade.” Their business went on and the three were secretly proud of the little tricks they had done.
Just as Morty finished refilling the pot with water for the third time a vehicle rounded the corner. Morty saw the car with his father at the wheel and his family inside. They pulled up by the sidewalk, and his brothers and sisters jumped out, each holding a coin or two. They were eager to support their brother's bustling (繁忙的) business. Morty's family bought the last cake and drank the last drop of watered-down lemonade.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Morty's father frowned (皱眉) at the sip of the lemonade.__________________________________________________
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They decided to correct their wrongdoings the next week.______________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Morty's father frowned at the sip of the lemonade. For him, it tasted more like water. Overwhelmed with confusion, he asked directly, “What's wrong It tastes just like cold water.” The moment Morty heard his father's doubt, he stood awkwardly, not sure what to say. Fred and Ben were also speechless. A moment later, they admitted what they had done. Although Morty's father was disappointed, he said, “You still have chances to correct your wrongdoings.” Hearing this, they nodded immediately.
They decided to correct their wrongdoings the next week. Ben suggested using the money earned to prepare enough lemons first and then reducing the price. They all agreed. When they restarted their business, they even stood a sign saying, “We give a cup of lemonade to customers who bought lemonade last Saturday afternoon for free.” They made over 50 cups of lemonade for a constant stream of customers at a low price and over 20 cups were free. As you can imagine, they didn't get enough money for the camp. But they learned a valuable lesson that one should always be honest.INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/读后续写1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
“我”与佩妮携手共创完美故事
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无生命名词作主语是用没有生命的事物充当句子的主语成分，包括物品、动作、情感、时间、地点、天气名词等。这种语法结构与汉语中习惯把人这个行为主体作为句子主语的表达方式不同，但是因其体现了英语语言的客体思维，反而在地道性上更胜一筹。这类句子一般简短易写，是读后续写中提分的利器。
情感名词作主语，即主语是表达情感的抽象意义名词。常见的有joy、nervousness、fear、courage、presence、anxiety、astonishment、anger、shame、silence、satisfaction 等。此时，与其搭配的动词往往属于熟词生义，即词汇在语境下产生的新的意象。
请给下列句子选择合适的谓语进行搭配并进行翻译。
swept over　crept over　choked　seized　took away　gave way to
1．Panic entirely seized the passengers who had just heard that the flight was cancelled.
译文：刚刚得知航班取消的乘客们，彻底被恐慌笼罩了。
2．A wave of sadness swept over the small town, as everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
译文：一股悲伤席卷了整个小镇，因为幸存者们无论看向何处，所见的都只有一片废墟。
3．Silence gave way to cheers when the winner, struggling for years to realize his dream, finally stepped onto the stage.
译文：当那位为实现梦想奋斗了多年的获胜者终于走上舞台时，沉默被欢呼声取代了。
4．Sorrow choked the old couple, when they watched the photo of their son taken during his happy childhood.
译文：当老两口凝望着儿子在快乐的童年时光拍的照片时，悲伤得哽咽难言。
5．Amazement took away their words after they witnessed such an extraordinary performance.
译文：目睹了如此精彩绝伦的表演，他们惊得说不出话来。
6．A sense of unease crept over them, whose supplies were running low.
译文：一种不安感悄然笼罩了他们——他们的补给已经所剩无几。
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]The bell rang. School was out! I grabbed my backpack and headed to the library for my favorite after-school activity: Writing Club.
[2]Miss Lisa, our writing club leader, asked us to share our stories with a critique partner, whose task is to give helpful feedback so someone can tell their best story. My critique partner was Penny. We took our backpacks and sat across from each other at a table. I was nervous when I handed my story to her. I had no problem coming up with great story ideas. I did have problems with spelling. And grammar. And punctuation.Penny didn't look at me or smile as she pushed her story across the table toward me. Why was she worried She always got perfect scores on her spelling and grammar tests.
[3]I read her story without stopping. “I don't have any suggestions. It's perfect！” I told her.“Yours too，” she said quietly. She didn't even look at me as she passed mine back.
[4]After the class, Penny looked relieved. As she jumped up and grabbed her backpack, everything fell out. She quickly stuffed her things back in and hurried out of the library. I noticed a book under the table. It must have fallen out of Penny's bag.The description on the back sounded familiar. As I looked through the book, I couldn't believe that Penny had copied its idea! I thought about telling Miss Lisa, but she had already left for the day.
[5]Outside of the school, I spotted Penny sitting on a bench. I decided to tell her that I knew she had stolen her story. I walked over and held out the book and raised my eyebrows at her. Penny's shoulders were bent low in exhaustion. She sniffed and wiped her nose on her sleeve. She was crying! “Thanks，” Penny whispered, taking the book quickly from my hand before she hurried off.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
As I walked home, Penny's tearful face kept flashing in my mind.______________________________________________________
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The next morning, I waited at her desk with my story draft.______________________________________________________
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【When & Where】
[1]The bell rang. School was out! I grabbed my backpack and headed to the library for my favorite after-school activity: Writing Club．
【Who】
I, Penny(my critique partner), Miss Lisa (our writing club leader)
【What & Why】
[2]Miss Lisa, our writing club leader, asked us to share our stories with a critique partner, whose task is to give helpful feedback so someone can tell their best story.
[2]I had no problem coming up with great story ideas. I did have problems with spelling. And grammar. And punctuation.
[3]I read her story without stopping. “I don't have any suggestions. It's perfect！”
[4]I noticed a book under the table. It must have fallen out of Penny's bag... As I looked through the book, I couldn't believe that Penny had copied its idea!
[5]Outside of the school, I spotted Penny sitting on a bench...She was crying! “Thanks，” Penny whispered, taking the book quickly from my hand before she hurried off．
【How】
[2]I was nervous when I handed my story to her...Why was she worried
[3]“Yours too，” she said quietly. She didn't even look at me as she passed mine back.
[4]After the class, Penny looked relieved．
[4]As I looked through the book, I couldn't believe that Penny had copied its idea!
[5]Penny's shoulders were bent low in exhaustion. She sniffed and wiped her nose on her sleeve.
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It turned out that it was our joint efforts that made a perfect story.
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根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] How did I feel
[Answer] I was concerned about Penny.
[Question 2]What was the solution I thought of
[Answer] We could work together and create a story of our own.
[Question 3] What did I do then (和第二段段首句衔接)
[Answer] I got down to making the draft.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Penny do
[Answer] Penny walked in and apologized for what she did.
[Question 2]What did I do then and what was Penny's reaction
[Answer] I handed Penny my draft and Penny started to polish my draft.
[Question 3] What moral would the story express
[Answer] It turned out that it was our joint efforts that made a perfect story.
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特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
As I walked home, Penny's tearful face kept flashing in my mind.______________________________________________________
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The next morning, I waited at her desk with my story draft.______________________________________________________
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One possible version：
As I walked home, Penny's tearful face kept flashing in my mind. Her trembling hands and the copied story haunted me. I remembered that my job as her critique partner was to give helpful feedback, not to make her feel bad. (微情节一：“我”担心佩妮)I suddenly came up with a good idea—we could work together and create a story of our own. My grammar might be shaky, but her perfect sentences could shine through real creativity. (微情节二：“我”想到“我们”共同创作自己故事的想法)Without any delay, I pulled out a notebook and got down to working: two girls co-write a story—one with ideas，and the other polishing words. I then drew two stick figures holding pens under the title “Penny & Me”. (微情节三：“我”开始写草稿)
The next morning, I waited at her desk with my story draft. When Penny walked in, she froze for a second, her ears turning pink. “I am sorry.” she mumbled, sitting down nervously.(微情节一：佩妮为她的抄袭行为向“我”道歉) I smiled and comforted her. Then I handed her the notebook with our plan. “How about working together？” I suggested, “I'm bad at grammar but you're great at it.”Though surprised, she began reading. She commented it was such an amazing story. Then she started to making corrections. (微情节二：“我”交给佩妮草稿，她开始润色草稿)Eventually our draft was finished. Miss Lisa was greatly touched and gave us an A． It turned out that it was our joint efforts that made a perfect story.(微情节三：“我们”创作的故事取得了好成绩)
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　　(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读)The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. ①Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. ②“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”③ INCLUDEPICTURE "手LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/手LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　背铺灰语料，积续写基石
[话题]
人与自然——保护环境——生态设计
[内容概要]
约翰通过实验发明了“生态设计”，解决了很多污水净化问题。
[注释]
①动作描写
②描写大自然的运作原理
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[核心单词]　barely 　appointment　reliableworthwhile collar bless suspectarrest criminal anyhow innocentlegal resign guilty ashamedforgive cheat disappointed pretendphase mercy deadline guidancefault discouraged sow quote [重点短语]　tear down, make one's fortune, lose contact, arm in arm, under arrest, at the mercy of, take...seriously, apart from, weigh on sb./sth.[重点句型]　1.完全倒装2．There used to be...3．not...but...4．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
[单元语法]　复习状语从句 [写作任务]　关于“善意的谎言”的讨论
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[Virtues]courage n. 　　勇气friendliness n. 友善kindness n. 善良diligent adj. 勤奋的modesty n. 谦虚；谦逊justice n. 公平；公正promise v. 承诺；许诺do good deeds 做好事sincerity n. 真诚generosity n. 慷慨，大方honesty n. 诚实responsibility n. 责任；负责respect the aged and cherish the young　尊老爱幼match one's deeds with one's words 言行一致[Actions]call on 号召set an example to... 为……树立榜样offer one's seat to sb. 给某人让座help the people in need 帮助有困难的人 make concerted efforts/work together 齐心协力appeal to the public to do sth. 呼吁公众做某事[Morals]selfless devotion 无私奉献moral standards 道德标准love the motherland 热爱祖国serve the people 为人民服务obey/observe the law 遵守法律follow the morals 遵守道德规范show respect for science 崇尚科学be honest and trustworthy 诚实守信be united and help each other 团结互助be disciplined and law-abiding 遵纪守法observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则observe social/public morals 遵守社会公德upright and outspoken 刚正不阿patriotic, dedicated, honest and friendly 爱国、敬业、诚信、友善
话题佳句 1.Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.　勇气是其他美德攀登的梯子。2．A person's beauty is not in appearance, but in talent, temperament and character.一个人的美不在于外表，而在于才华、气质和品格。3．Honesty and credit are the foundation of a person and a career.　诚信是做人之根本，立业之基。4．If a person's character is painted in a black, his whole life cannot erase it.人的品格上若是被画上一笔黑，他的一生都无法抹去它。
Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
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What is the text mainly about
A．A man who made his fortune in the West.
B．The true friendship between two men.
C．A difficult choice between friendship and responsibility.
D．Different career choices of the two friends.
答案：C
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Setting ·The short story is set in New York on one cold and dark 1.______.
Charactersin the story ·A 2.______ on the beat walked along the street.·A man with a 3.____ on his face was waiting for his friend in the 4.______ of a store.·A tall man in a long 5.______， with collar turned up to his ears, hurried toward Bob.　
The appointmentmade twentyyears ago ·Bob and his friend Jimmy were good friends and they 6.______ at “Big Joe” Brady's restaurant twenty years ago.·Bob decided to go to the West to make his 7.______．·They agreed that they would meet at “Big Joe” Brady's restaurant twenty years later no matter what might happen.
The meeting ·The two men walked up the street, arm in arm.·Bob 8.______ suddenly and found the tall man was not Jimmy.·Bob was under 9.____ because he was wanted by the Chicago police.·The tall man gave Bob a short 10.______．
The note ·It was from 11.______ ．
答案：1.night　2.policeman　3.scar　4.doorway　5.overcoat　6.dined　7.fortune　8.stopped
9．arrest　10.note　11.Jimmy
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1.What do we know about “Big Joe” Brady's restaurant from the text
A．It was a famous restaurant in the neighbourhood.
B．It was run by Bob and Jimmy together.
C．It was still in business after twenty years.
D．It was the place where Bob and Jimmy had promised to meet.
2．Why had Bob left Jimmy Wells and gone to the West
A．He went to the West to do something against the law.
B．He went to the West to make his fortune.
C．He went to the West to find his family.
D．He escaped to the West to avoid being arrested.
3．Which of the following descriptions about Bob and Jimmy's reunion is TRUE
A．Bob was eager to see his best friend Jimmy.
B．Jimmy didn't show up at the appointed time.
C．Bob was angry to see Jimmy had changed the shape of his nose.
D．Jimmy had known Bob was the criminal wanted in Chicago before they met.
4．Why did Jimmy Wells make a plain-clothes man go to meet Bob
A．The policeman didn't let him meet Bob.
B．He felt guilty for his being late for the appointment.
C．He couldn't arrive at the appointed place on time.
D．He didn't want to arrest his good friend Bob himself.
答案：1～4.DBAD
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1.In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.(Para.1)
[分析]　本句介词短语放在句首，句子使用了完全倒装结构；另外，本句还使用了“with＋宾语＋介词短语”结构，相当于伴随状语。
[翻译]　一个男人站在一家商店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
2．Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.(Para.5)
[分析]　本句是一个复合句。其中第二个that引导宾语从句；exactly twenty years from that date and time是时间状语；no matter what引导让步状语从句。
[翻译]　那天晚上，我们约定，从那个日期和时间算起整整二十年后，不管我们的境况如何，相距多远，我们都会在这里再次见面。
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From time to time, people find themselves 1.in situations where they have to make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.The story After Twenty Years is set in New York on 2.a cold and dark night.It is about two friends named Bob and Jimmy.Twenty years ago, Bob 3.dined(dine) at a restaurant with his friend Jimmy.He decided to leave for the West 4.to make(make) his fortune, but Jimmy would rather stay in New York.They made a promise that they would meet at the place 5.where they had dined after twenty years.
Bob kept the 6.appointment(appoint) and came back, believing that Jimmy would come if he was alive, because he was the 7.truest(true) and most reliable person in the world.He struck a match to light his cigar, 8.waiting(wait) for his friend.Jimmy arrived at the appointed place but he found Bob was just the criminal 9.wanted(want) in Chicago.
However, Jimmy couldn't catch his best friend 10.himself(he), so he asked a plain-clothes policeman to do it.
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1．Do you think that Jimmy Wells did the right thing Why or why not
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2．If you were Jimmy Wells, would you arrest Bob Why
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．diamond n.　　　 A．英寸；少量，短距离
2．inch n. B．正派的，合乎礼节的；
得体的，适当的
3．decent adj. C．钻石
答案：1～3.CAB
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．a square jaw　　　 下颌方正
2．with collar turned up to his ears
衣领向上翻到耳朵
3．outline the history of his career
概述他的职业生涯
4．have been under arrest 已经被逮捕
5．have dropped over our way and wired us
经过我们这里，并发电报给我们
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的
2．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appoint vt.任命；委派；约定→appointed adj.指定的
3．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
4．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的→worth adj.值得的；值……钱的 n．价值→worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
5．bless vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福→blessing n．幸运；幸事→blessed adj.有福的；无忧无虑的
6．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspicious adj.可疑的；怀疑的→suspicion n．怀疑；嫌疑
7．criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的→crime n．犯罪活动；不法行为
8．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n．无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n.天真；清白
9．legal adj.合法的；法律的→legally adv.合法地→(反义词)illegal adj.不合法的；非法的→illegally adv.不合法地；非法地
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．We decided to tear down(拆除) our ugly house and build a beautiful one with a garden.
2．More and more peasants come to big cities to make their fortune(发财).
3．I lost contact(失去联系) with my old friend after he moved to another country.
4．I have been waiting for half an hour but she still hasn't turned up(出现).
5．Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm(臂挽着臂) gives me a sense of happiness.
6．It is reported that six people were under arrest(被逮捕) in connection with the robbery.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
From time to time, people find themselves in situations(发现自己处在这样的情况中) where they have to make a difficult choice concerning their moral values.
2．完全倒装
In the doorway of a store stood a man(一个男人站在一家商店门口), with an unlit cigar in his mouth.(Para.1)
3．“There used to be...”意为“过去曾经有……”
There used to be a restaurant(曾经有一家饭馆) where this store stands—“Big Joe” Brady's restaurant.(Para.2)
4．形容词/副词＋enough＋to do...
Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change(没有长到改变) the shape of a man's nose.(Para.18)
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barely　adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
【经典例句】 (教材P2)The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always did. It was barely ten o'clock at night.
巡逻的警察像往常一样沿着街走着。当时才晚上十点钟。
(1)barely置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(2)bare adj.　　　 光秃秃的
【单句语法填空/补全句子】
(1)(北师大选必三U8)Mr Pneumonia placed his icy finger on Johnsy; and she lay, barely(bare) moving, in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.
(2)Barely could Jack speak any French(杰克几乎不会说法语) before he went to France but after a few months there, he became more fluent in the language.(倒装)[应用文写作之语言学习]
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appointment　n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
【经典例句】
①I had an appointment with my friend to have a holiday last summer but she broke it for some reason.　去年夏天， 我和我的朋友约了一起度假， 但她因故失约了。
②(人教选必四U1)She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她按照预约做好美甲，然后走进了一家高档服装店。
(1)make/have an appointment with sb.
与某人有约；与某人预约
keep/break an/one's appointment
守约/违约
by appointment 按照约定
(2)appoint v. 任命；委派；安排；约定
appoint sb.(as/to be)... 任命某人(为)……
appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. (时间/地点)事先约定
好的；指定的；约定的
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)(2023·北京卷)I turned up at the appointed(appoint) hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
(2)For those who wish to visit the gallery, viewing can be arranged by appointment only.
(3)She was appointed to lead (lead) the project after the previous manager resigned.
(4)After he was appointed as the chief engineer, he led the team to complete the project ahead of time.
→Appointed as the chief engineer, he led the team to complete the project ahead of time.(过去分词短语作状语)
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tear down　拆毁，拆除
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)“It was here until five years ago，” said the policeman. “It was torn down then.”
“直到五年前它还在这里，”警察说。“后来它被拆掉了。”
②(人教选必三U4)When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
当我们最终获救时，我们如释重负，感到无比喜悦，以至于许多人哭了起来。
(1)tear v. 撕破；撕掉
n. 眼泪，泪水
tear up＝tear...into pieces 撕毁，撕碎
tear...in two/half＝tear...into halves
把……撕成两半
(2)burst into tears＝burst out crying
(突然)大哭起来
move sb.to tears 令人感动得流泪
in tears 哭着，流着泪
tears well up in sb.'s eyes 热泪盈眶
tears run/roll down sb.'s face/cheeks
泪流满面
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)The government has released an announcement that old buildings should be torn down in favour of new modern communities.
(2)With all the anger and disappointment exploding in my heart, I finally burst into tears/burst out crying(大哭起来)．
[读后续写之情绪描写]
(3)(人教必修三U2)One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in tears(哭着)．
(4)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)听到我的话，大卫泪流满面，转向我，坚定地表达了他完成越野跑的决心。
At my words, with tears running/rolling down his face/cheeks, David turned to me and firmly expressed his determination to finish the cross-country run.[读后续写之情绪描写]
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make one's fortune　发财
【经典例句】
①(人教必修三U3)Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city.
30多万人从世界各地蜂拥而至，在这里寻找他们的致富道路，旧金山迅速成为一座大都市。
②(外研必修二U6)Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.　幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都开始害怕鲨鱼——有些人反而开始对了解鲨鱼感兴趣。
(1)fortune n. 机遇；运气；财富
make a fortune 发财
seek/try one's fortune 找出路；碰运气
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate to do... 有幸做……
be fortunate in having... 有幸有……
(3)unfortunate adj. 不幸的；令人遗憾的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
(1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Fortunately(fortunate), analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.
(2)She made a fortune as a best-selling author, but she continued writing because she loved it.[读后续写之人物描写]
(3)Fortunately, I have such supportive friends who are always there for me when I need them.
→I am fortunate to have/in having such supportive friends who are always there for me when I need them.
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lose contact　失去联系
【经典例句】
①(人教选必四U2)To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature.
为了在海洋中的这片辽阔的土地上生存，土著人必须和大自然保持密切的联系。
②Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.
接受这项挑战会让你接触到与你有共同兴趣的人。
(1)in contact with...　 与……有联系/接触
out of contact with... 与……失去联系
have/keep/lose contact with... 与……有联系/
保持联系/失去联系
make contact with...＝get in/into contact with...
与……取得联系
come into contact with... 与……接触/打交道
(2)contact sb.at... 通过(邮箱、电话等)与某人联系
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
(1)Children who come into contact with nature from an early age tend to develop a greater appreciation for environmental conservation.
(2)If you have any questions about the event, feel free to contact me at john.doe@ .[应用文写作之告知信]
(3)She lost contact with her best friend three years ago and has been searching for him everywhere.
→She has been out of contact with her best friend for three years and has been searching for him everywhere.
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contact是及物动词，要表示“与某人联系”，其后直接跟某人即可，注意不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词with。
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reliable　adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
【经典例句】
①(外研必修三U6)So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查阅官方的科学报告。
②(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics.
至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料。
rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信赖
rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on/upon (one's) doing sth. 指望(某人)做某事
rely on/upon it that... 指望……
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a reliable(rely) person whom others can rely on for help.
(2)She relies on reading(read) extensively to expand her knowledge and skills.
(3)我最尊敬我叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以依靠他给我一些实用的建议。
→I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.
→I respect my uncle most because I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
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worthwhile　adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it's worthwhile if my old partner turns up.
今晚我千里迢迢来到这里，站在门口，只要我的老朋友露面，一切就都值了。
②As for me, my English teacher is the person who is worthy of my respect.
对我来说，我的英语老师是值得我尊敬的人。
(2)worth adj.　　　　 值得的
n. 价值；重要性作用
be worth＋n. 值得……；值……的
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
(3)worthy adj. 值得……的；有价值的
be worthy of sth. 值得……，配得上……
【完成句子/一句多译】
(1)人们相信这个花瓶很值钱。
It is believed that the vase is worth a lot of money．
(2)既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日值得体验。
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is worth experiencing．(worth)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is worthy to be experienced/is worthy of being experienced．(worthy)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience this festival．(worthwhile)
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worth只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
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bless　vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福
【经典例句】
①Best wishes to all the classmates, and bless you with good health and happy family!
向所有同学致以最美好的祝福，愿你身体健康，阖家欢乐！
②(人教选必一U3) Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.
在这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感觉到活着是幸运的。
(1)bless sb. with...　　　 赐予某人……
be blessed with... 有幸得到……
(2)blessed adj. 神圣的；有福的
be blessed to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)blessing n. 幸事；福祉；祝福
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)What a blessing(bless) this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.[读后续写之人物描写]
(2)Nature blessed her with a voice so beautiful that it could move anyone to tears.
(3)她有幸拥有一些好朋友，在她需要的时候总是陪伴在她身边。
She is blessed with/to have wonderful friends who have always been there for her in times of need.
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suspect　vt.& vi.疑有，觉得n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象
【经典例句】 I suspect that the meeting will be postponed due to the heavy snowfall.
我怀疑会议会因为大雪而推迟。
(1)suspect sb./sth. to be... 怀疑/猜想某人/某物是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指
坏事可能属实或发生)
(2)suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑
suspicious adj. 可疑的；怀疑的
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Suspected(suspect) of violating traffic rules, he was questioned by the police.
(2)We suspected this man to be(be) a key player in the organization, but we didn't have enough proof.
(3)老板怀疑他从公司拿了错的文件。
→The boss suspected him of taking the wrong document away from the company．
→The boss suspected that he took the wrong document away from the company．
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arrest　n.& vt.逮捕，拘捕
【经典例句】
①(人教选必四U3)A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder.
已宣布悬赏 500 万美元，征集能将这起谋杀案的凶手逮捕归案的线索。
②The sudden sound of applause from the next room arrested his attention, making him curious about what was happening there.
从隔壁房间突然传来的掌声吸引了他的注意，让他对那里正在发生的事情感到好奇。
(1)under arrest 被逮捕
(2)arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意
arrest sb. for... 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭到逮捕
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)After a brief chase, the suspect was under arrest and taken to the police station for questioning.
(2)(2025·浙江卷1月)He explained how he had witnessed the strange man enter their house and get arrested (遭到逮捕)．
(3)警方接到邻居的报告后，逮捕了这名闯入当地商店的男子。
The police arrested the man for breaking into a local store, after receiving reports from the neighbors.
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legal　adj.合法的；法律的
【经典例句】 (教材P5)Hesitating over what to do, I continued listening to him, and I gradually became convinced that he had made his fortune in ways that were not legal.
对于该做什么犹豫不决，我继续听他讲，并且逐渐确信他是以不合法的手段发了财。
(1)It is legal (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是合法的。
(2)illegal adj. 非法的，违法的
It is illegal (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是违法的。
(3)legally adv. 合法地；法律上
illegally adv. 非法地
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He devoted himself to helping poor people on their legal problems, such as how to legally get their rights and how to defend themselves in the face of illegal behaviors.(legal)
(2)无论你有何意图或与信件主人的关系如何，未经允许读取他人的私人信件都是违法的。
It's illegal to read other people's private letters without permission, regardless of your intentions or relationship with the owner.
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完全倒装
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
一个男人站在一家商店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。
②(人教选必四U1)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.　当她转过身时，(她看到)格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。
(1)here、there、in、out、off、away、up、down、now、then等表示方位、方向或时间的副词或者表示地点的介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、come、go、remain、lie、run、stand等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装；
(2)主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词(短语)置于句首时，用完全倒装；such单独作表语置于句首时，用完全倒装。
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I looked around and finally spotted David.Off to the side by a fence was standing (stand) David by himself.
(2)There is (be) an ancient tower, for which my hometown is famous throughout the country.[应用文写作之景点介绍]
(3)A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great interest.
→Out rushed a group of young men, still discussing the performance with great interest.
(4)Yesterday, some scientists with notable achievements were present at the meeting.
→Yesterday, present at the meeting were some scientists with notable achievements．
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(1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致；
(2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
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“There used to be...”意为“过去曾经有……”
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—“Big Joe” Brady's restaurant.
这家商店所在的地方曾经有一家饭馆——“大乔”布雷迪饭馆。
②There used to be a beautiful park near my house, but they turned it into a shopping mall.
我家附近以前有个漂亮的公园，但是他们把它改成购物中心了。
(1)there be句型的常见结构变体有：
①there＋seem/happen/appear to be＋其他
②there＋stand/live/exist/remain/lie/come/...＋其他　
(2)There used to be...的反义疑问句可用usedn't/didn't there回答。
(3)there be...的非谓语形式有：
there being...、there to be...
【单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级】
(1)I expected there to be(be) someone at home, but when I returned it was as silent as the grave.
(2)There used to be a lake here, usedn't/didn't there
(3)There happened to be(碰巧有) a man walking by and we turned to him for help.
(4)Once upon a time, there lived a baby elephant(住着一只小象), who had no friends.
(5)Because there was no truck, we had to use carts in the past decades.
→There being no truck, we had to use carts in the past decades.(there be句型)
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．(人教选必三U2) The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
2．I'd love to go there with you, but I have an appointment with my lawyer.
3．The librarian was blessed(有福的) with a happy childhood，one that was accompanied by exciting adventures in nature.
4．The fire department said the blaze was suspected to be caused by an electrical fault.
5．Parking lot owners should be legally(合法地) responsible for protecting vehicles.
6．The woman felt very depressed when she got arrested in front of her family last week.
7．There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent(无辜的), is there
8．She was fortunate enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
9．With such models, scientists have found out some key principles(原理) operating in food webs.
10．We managed to persuade him that it was worthwhile to work with us.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．They had planned to leave the country before the investigation started, but ended up getting arrested at the airport(在机场被逮捕).
2．After noticing unusual symptoms, he was advised to make an appointment with a specialist(预约一位专家) as soon as possible.
3．With the help of the cell phone, not only can we get in contact with others(与他人取得联系), but we can also deal with some problems.
4．The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit(值得参观), which will be an interesting and rewarding experience.
5．The team leader assured us, “You can rely on/upon it that(相信) we'll meet the deadline, no matter what challenges arise.”
6．He decided to seek/try his fortune(碰运气) in the music industry, hoping to become a successful musician.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Dear Tom，
I am glad to receive your letter.When it comes to the excellent qualities a person should have, I 1.find honesty extremely important(觉得诚实非常重要；find＋宾语＋宾语补足语). 2.At the heart of excellence lies honesty(卓越的核心在于诚实；完全倒装)—being truthful in words and actions fosters trust.Only when we are honest can we win the trust of others.In addition, being responsible is also crucial.We should be responsible for our actions and decisions.
What's more, 3.no matter what difficulties we encounter(无论我们遇到什么困难；“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句), we should be brave enough to face them.We should also be 4.kind enough to help those in need(友善地帮助那些有需要的人；形容词/副词＋enough＋to do...).
Best regards.
Yours，
Li HuaINCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．Fortunately(fortunate), I own dozens of good friends who can share my happiness and sorrow.
2．The young man got arrested(arrest) for making a serious accident.
3．It was a blessing(bless) that no one was injured in the accident.
4．The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we'll never negotiate with criminals(crime).”
5．She was barely(bare) able to stammer out a description of her attacker.
6．Please make sure to arrive at the conference room by the appointed(appoint) time to avoid missing any important announcements.
7．I'm enthusiastic about drama and eager to take responsibility as a reliable(rely) chairman.
8．There have been growing suspicions(suspect) about the safety of the new medication.
9．There stands(stand) an old temple which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
10．In order to catch the first train, I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally(legal) rejecting a passenger.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．We all suspected her to be(be) an actress, but no one knew her.
2．After years of searching, she finally got in/into contact with her long-lost sister through social media.
3．There are many young people in the society dreaming of making a fortune through their own efforts.
4．(2025·浙江卷1月)Here are some tips worth following(follow) in order to communicate more effectively.
5．He walked from the court arm in arm with his wife.
6．No matter what you do in the future, you must obey the rules.
7．The university president appointed Professor Johnson to lead (lead) the research team to investigate the latest scientific breakthrough.
8．The criminal is currently under arrest and being questioned by the police.
9．Now that you have graduated from college，you should not always rely on/upon your parents to solve everything.
10．I am so blessed to come(come) across you because you make me happy.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．地板上坐着一个男孩，他身边堆着一堆书。(完全倒装)
On the floor sat a boy surrounded by a pile of books.
2．当我在一个村庄旅行时，我遇到了一位善良的老人，他分享了许多当地传统的故事。
When I was traveling in a village, I came into contact with a kind old man who shared many stories of the local traditions.
3．奇怪的声音引起了他的注意，尽管害怕，他还是决定去调查一下。
The strange noise arrested his attention, and he decided to investigate it despite his fear.
4．他很幸运地得到了那位慷慨的人的帮助，成功地开创了自己的事业。
He was fortunate to get the help of that generous man and successfully started his own business.
5．(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)我们指望您能为我们提供一些关于如何提高我们英语口语的科学建议，所以请接受我们诚挚的邀请。
(1)We rely on you to offer us some scientific suggestions on how to improve our spoken English, so please accept our sincere invitation.
(2)We rely on it that you can offer us some scientific suggestions on how to improve our spoken English, so please accept our sincere invitation.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教必修三U2】
Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day, he had an idea.
Early one morning, the king disguised himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.
The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart. He crashed into the stone, spilling the milk everywhere. “What fool put this stone here？” he shouted. He picked himself up and angrily went away.
After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head. One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in tears. Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to move it. The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？”
Just then, the king saw a young girl coming along. She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired. But when she saw the stone, she said to herself, “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark. I'll move it out of the way.”
The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!
Just then, the king stepped out from behind the tree. “Oh sir，” the girl said, “does this gold belong to you If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.”
The king said, “My dear, the gold is mine. I put it in the road and moved the stone over it. Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.”
1．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The king wanted to play a joke on others.
B．The group of women moved the stone together.
C．The girl had great difficulty moving the stone.
D．The milkman knew who put the stone there.
2．What can we infer from the fable
A．The king regretted what he had done.
B．The girl and the king found the owner of the gold coins.
C．The girl wasn't surprised at the gold coins.
D．The king achieved his goal at last.
3．What's the RIGHT order of the fable
①The king placed a stone in the street.
②A group of women passed it.
③A girl saw the stone and moved it away.
④A milkman crashed into the stone.
A．①②③④ B．①④②③
C．①②④③ D．④①②③
4．What did the king mean when he told the girl the gold coins belonged to her
A．He was thankful to her for her help.
B．She was the only person to learn the lesson the king had intended to teach his people.
C．She should take back the gold coins she had lost.
D．He would like to return the gold coins to her.
答案：1～4.CDBB
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·张家口期末)While community service isn't required for your college applications, showing that you care about others is nothing but positive during the college admissions (准许进入) process.
Hospitals and Nursing Homes
Hospitals and nursing homes are ideal volunteer opportunities for those who have the ambition to become doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals. You probably can't work directly with patients. You might deliver meals, do data entry, change sheets, or help out around the office.
Animal Shelters
Students who love animals may be interested in volunteering at an animal shelter. Work may involve any number of activities. You might play with the animals, walk dogs, or bottle-feed young cats. Don't expect it to be all exciting; you will likely be expected to help with cleaning, too.
Food Banks and Soup Kitchens
Food banks, soup kitchens, and homeless shelters are often looking for volunteers to help prepare and serve food. Some may have age restrictions, such as a rule that no one under 18 can work directly with residents or visitors, but you can probably do behind-the-scenes preparation, run a canned goods drive, or prepare food. Just check with the volunteer coordinator (协调员).
Parks and Beaches
Helping out at a local park or beach could appeal to outdoorsy types, people who care about the environment, or students who plan to pursue majors or careers in environmental science or engineering, biology, and other related fields. Some parks and beaches might have established programs in which you could participate, or you might initiate (发起) a beach or park cleanup.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些社区服务活动。
1．What may a volunteer do in hospitals and nursing homes
A．Assist professionals.
B．Care for patients.
C．Send meals.
D．Sort medicine.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据Hospitals and Nursing Homes部分中的“You might deliver meals...or help out around the office.”可知，志愿者在医院和疗养院可以送餐。
2．Where can a volunteer start a voluntary program
A．In hospitals.
B．In animal shelters.
C．In soup kitchens.
D．In parks.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Some parks and beaches...might initiate a beach or park cleanup.”可知，志愿者可以在公园启动一个志愿项目。
3．Who is the passage mainly intended for
A．College admission staff.
B．High school students.
C．Project designers.
D．Volunteer coordinators.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，这篇文章是写给申请大学的高中生的，告诉他们参加志愿活动对申请大学有好处。
B
For some of us，going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in poverty-stricken areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping change that situation.
Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine degree and was about to start a master's degree in Pediatric Dentistry (儿童口腔学) when a journey to his father's home converted his initial plan.“All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with their mouth open，” Felipe Rossi recalled.“A desire was planted in my heart.That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems.”
With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO (non-government organization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning, fillings, crowns, restoration work and more.His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.
Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies.Individuals may also make donations through the “Smile Solidarity” program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute.Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.
Noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is “struggling to survive” because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. “Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face，” Felipe said with a strong will.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位巴西牙医费利佩·罗西放弃攻读硕士学位，转而致力于为低收入人群提供免费牙齿护理服务的故事。
4．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage
A．By posing a contrast.
B．By making an appeal.
C．By reporting an event.
D．By assuming a situation.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，作者是采用对比的手法引入了文章的主题。
5．What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians
A．The support from his parents.
B．The passion for dental health.
C．The encounter with locals' lacking dental care.
D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“All locals didn't have access to dental care...people suffering from dental problems.”可知，看到当地人缺乏牙齿护理促使费利佩为巴西人提供牙齿治疗。
6．Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi
A．Hopeful and diligent.
B．Charitable and dedicated.
C．Faithful and ambitious.
D．Intelligent and innovative.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Felipe formed an NGO...to individuals with low incomes”可知，费利佩建立了一个非政府机构，为低收入人群提供免费牙齿治疗服务，这说明他具有慈善精神；再根据最后一段中的“‘Challenging as it is...we will face，’ Felipe said with a strong will.”可知，不管会面临什么困难，费利佩仍然会坚定地继续他的慈善事业，这体现了他的满腔热忱和奉献精神。
7．What do we know about Porsorriso
A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.
B．It is operated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.
C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.
D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Sponsorship is generally provided...‘Smile Solidarity’ program”可推知，Porsorriso在经济上得到了企业和个人的支持。
Ⅱ.七选五
Imagine that you are feeling down and inadequate.Someone who loves you wants to help by saying something really comforting.How about “You're perfect just the way you are”？ That sounds nice! 1.____ The truth is that you are not perfect, and neither is anyone else.
We humans have a natural tendency to overstate our positive qualities, and compare ourselves favorably with others. 2.____ And it gives rise to all sorts of misrepresentations in how we see ourselves and the world around us.For example, back in the 1980s, researchers showed that up to 80 percent of motorists considered themselves to have above-average driving skills.
3．____ It acts as shelter from the mental pain that comes from negative comparisons with others.Being told that you're wonderful, even perfect, meets your need of self-enhancement.
Although self-enhancement feels good in the short term, it is not a long-term solution to life's problems.For instance, researchers showed that when college students held an overestimated view of their own academic ability, it enhanced their mood and positive emotion. 4.____ In fact, the students tended to fail at their academic expectations, and that in part led to lower self-respect over the long term.
So we face a dilemma in life: we want to feel better and make others feel better, but people's tendency to do so through self-enhancement is a short-lived solution with possibly enduring ultimate costs.A better approach might be to reconsider our imperfections, and those of others, not as shortcomings but as interesting challenges to overcome. 5.____
A．It helps us to avoid negative feedback.
B．This is what we call self-enhancement.
C．One reason for this tendency is its protective function.
D．Being told you're perfect can make you feel good temporarily.
E．After all, if you're already perfect, what is there left to fight for
F．This, however, may be the most misleading thing that people tell us.
G．But the overestimation did not translate into better academic performance.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了自我提升现象，以及这种现象虽然短期内让人感觉良好，但并非解决问题的长久之计，更好的方法是正视不完美，将其视为有待克服的有趣挑战。
1．F　解析：上文提出了一句听起来很不错的安慰话，F项与上文构成转折关系，指出这句话可能是最误导人的，引出下文对“没有人是完美的”这一事实的讨论，符合语境。
2．B　解析：上文描述了人类的一种自然倾向，B项对上文进行总结，指出这种倾向就是“自我提升”，且下文“And it gives rise to...the world around us.”中的指示代词“it”指代B项中的“self-enhancement”。
3．C　解析：下文指出某种东西可以保护我们免受精神痛苦，C项中的“protective function”与下文“shelter from the mental pain”相对应，说明自我提升具有保护功能，可以让我们免受精神痛苦，符合语境。
4．G　解析：上文举例说明自我提升在短期内让人感觉良好，G项与上文构成转折关系，指出自我提升并不能带来更好的学术表现，引出下文对学生未能达到学术期望的讨论，符合语境。
5．E　解析：上文提出了一种更好的方法，即正视不完美并将其视为挑战，E项强调了正视不完美的重要性，与上文观点相呼应。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·烟台高二期中)Sarah sat in her office, carefully reviewing the financial records of her small company. She suddenly discovered a hidden 1 in the invoice (发票) from one of her suppliers. The supplier had mistakenly 2 her for a substantial order of goods, which would result in a significant financial gain for Sarah if left unnoticed.
Sarah found herself faced with a difficult 3 . The extra funds could provide a much-needed boost to her 4 business. However, deep down, she knew she would think 5 of herself if keeping it a secret or pretending not to know it. She couldn't live with a(n) 6 self and she had to make the right decision even if it 7 the loss of a chance for her depressing company to grow.
Thinking of this, Sarah picked up the phone and called the supplier, politely 8 him of the mistake and offering to pay the 9 amount. The supplier, 10 by her frankness, agreed to renew the invoice.
Word of Sarah's 11 spread rapidly and she earned 12 of the business community. Soon her business began to take off.
The incident served as a constant 13 to Sarah of the importance of moral conduct in face of setbacks. It facilitated her belief in the power of honesty to build 14 relationships in a competitive business environment. Honesty is not only a virtue but a(n) 15 of a justice and trustworthy society.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了萨拉的诚实正直让她赢得了商界的支持，使得她的生意开始腾飞的故事。
1．A．file B．error
C．treasure D．diary
B　解析：根据下文“The supplier had mistakenly”可知，萨拉发现了供应商在发票中的一个错误(error)。
2．A．undercharged B．underestimated
C．overlooked D．overtook
A　解析：根据下文“which would result in a significant financial gain for Sarah if left unnoticed”可知，供应商错误地向萨拉少收钱(undercharge)了。
3．A．contest B．process
C．task D．choice
D　解析：根据下文“she had to make the right decision”及语境可知，萨拉面临着一个艰难的选择(choice)。
4．A．illegal B．influential
C．struggling D．outstanding
C　解析：根据下文her depressing company及语境可知，这笔额外资金能为她举步维艰的(struggling)生意提供急需的助力。
5．A．merely B．favorably
C．seriously D．poorly
D　解析：根据下文“keeping it a secret or pretending not to know it”可知，萨拉如果假装不知道，她将会内心过意不去，看不起自己。think poorly of意为“轻视/看不起”。
6．A．shameless B．ungrateful
C．impolite D．unbeatable
A　解析：根据上文“She couldn't live with”可知，萨拉无法忍受无耻的(shameless)自己。
7．A．guaranteed B．meant
C．delayed D．prevented
B　解析：根据下文“the loss of a chance for her depressing company to grow”及语境可知，萨拉不得不做出正确的决定，即使这意味着(mean)她事业发展机会的损失。
8．A．informing B．warning
C．convincing D．suspecting
A　解析：根据上文“called the supplier”和下文“him of the mistake”可知，萨拉礼貌地告知(inform)供应商这一错误。
9．A．guessed B．donated
C．owed D．assessed
C　解析：根据上文“offering to pay”可知，萨拉提出支付欠的(owed)款。
10．A．amused B．concerned
C．annoyed D．surprised
D　解析：根据下文her frankness可知，供应商为萨拉的坦率感到惊讶(surprised)。
11．A．wisdom B．integrity
C．justice D．ambition
B　解析：根据上文内容及语境可知，萨拉为人正直(integrity)的消息迅速传播。
12．A．admiration B．promotion
C．forgiveness D．fortune
A　解析：根据下文“Soon her business began to take off.”及语境可知，萨拉赢得了商界的钦佩(admiration)，自己的事业也开始腾飞。
13．A．source B．complaint
C．reminder D．challenge
C　解析：根据下文“the importance of moral conduct”及语境可知，此处指这件事提醒(reminder)萨拉道德行为的重要性。
14．A．complex B．indirect
C．lasting D．temporary
C　解析：根据下文“relationships in a competitive business environment”及语境可知，在商业中，诚实是建立持久的(lasting)关系的关键。
15．A．alternative B．corner stone
C．turning point D．consequence
B　解析：根据下文“of a justice and trustworthy society”及语境可知，诚实是这个社会存在的基石(corner stone)。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)“What's your name？” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time.
2．(2024·浙江卷1月)Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.
3．Now that you have reached eighteen years old, you should start thinking about your career path and future goals.
4．Professor Wang gave such a wonderful lecture yesterday that every student present benefited a lot.
5．Immediately(immediate) Lily reached her home, she went to the kitchen and began to prepare supper for her children.
6．Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
7．Hardly had we got to the destination when we set out to do some volunteer work there.
8．Children as/though they are，their generous behavior deserves to be learned by all adults.
9．In every corner of the globe, species are vanishing at an alarming rate. Wildlife will disappear unless humans take action to protect them as soon as possible.
10．My brother has been looking for a job since he graduated from college, but the competition is fierce, and he hasn't received any offers yet.
11．It was reported that many high buildings were put up where there used to be a desert, which made some foreign experts amazed.
12．After many years of reform, the country still has a long way to go before it becomes a “developed economy”．
13．Despite the complex rules, some people became so absorbed in the activity that they completely forgot to look at the clock.
14．Though/Although/While historic and natural wonders are still the priorities, some tourists now prefer a more rural experience.
15．You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before.
16．When the servants brought the steak, he took out a fork and began to eat as people did in Italy.
17．Driving a car is not always as hard as it is imagined on condition that you stick to traffic rules.
18．If you are concerned about environmental pollution, you'd better use the public transport rather than drive a car.
19．I'm relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
维度二　语法与写作
1．请明天再提醒我一下，以防我忘记在9点前提交在线作业。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget to submit the online assignment before nine.
2．人们普遍认为，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants．
3．互联网是我们生活中如此重要的一部分，以至于它已经影响了我们的语言。
The Internet is such an important part of our life that it has influenced our language.
4．只要你每天努力学习，就一定能实现考入大学的梦想。
As long as you study hard every day, you are bound to realize your dream of getting into a university.
5．既然今天你有空，你可以在家休息或出去走走。
Now that/Since you are free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.
6．(人教选必四U1)夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。
Night came as if/though a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
7．真正的朋友无论你开心还是难过都会陪伴你，在生活的起起落落中给予支持。
True friends stand by your side whether you're happy or sad, offering support through life's ups and downs.
8．尽管外面极其寒冷，她仍然像往常一样去晨跑。
Even if/though it was extremely cold outside, she still went for a morning run as usual.
9．考试比我预期的更简单，所以考完后我对自己的成绩很有信心。
The exam was easier than I expected, so I felt confident about my grades afterward.
维度三　语篇填空
My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.while/when I was doing my school assignments. No sooner had I finished my homework 2.than the doorbell rang. However，my sister pushed the door open 3.before I could open it. I was surprised the moment I saw her 4.because her clothes and face were terribly dirty. 5.Since/As I didn't know what had happened to her, I stood there and waited for my sister's story. 6.After my sister got changed, she told me that she fell into a ditch 7.when she walked on a path on her way to our uncle's home in the countryside. She couldn't get out of the ditch. 8.Though/Although/While she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but 9.however hard she tried，she failed to escape from it. 10.As time went by, she got worried.
After several vain attempts, she had to stand where she was and waited 11.until a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did 12.as the boy told, and she came out at last.
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Thomas Mayfield had a major problem to solve in his fifth-grade classroom.
“I'm not good at adding.I don't know how to regroup or borrow.I'm not good at subtracting (减法). Or I don't know my facts yet, and I'm a fifth-grader，” Mayfield's students used to tell him.The 42-year-old maths teacher from Fort Worth, Texas, knew it was important to try something new, especially because most of his students were also struggling outside of the classroom.“Single parent homes, parents put in prison, low financial stability—a lot of misfortunes that were going on，” he said.
To reach students in a way that was familiar and inviting, he brought rap music to the classroom.Mayfield played an instrumental beat to a rap song.He got his students excited.Then they started to rap about decimal (十进位) point places. “Let's start with the tenths.Like a dime to a dollar, there's 1 out of 10.Then we move to the hundredths, one part out of many.One out of 100, we call that a penny...” rapped Mayfield and students.
Pareece Morehouse, one of Mayfield's former students, is now in tenth grade and loves old-school rap.Before Mr.Mayfield's class, Morehouse didn't like maths and struggled with it.But pairing the difficult subject with music was game-changing for her.
“I can recall myself at home doing homework and just singing the song in my head, helping me understand，” Morehouse said.“It was really a great way to help me make it through maths.”
“Students will produce work if you reach them where they are and take notes on what they're interested in, whether that's music, art or sports.It's important to use things that resonate (共鸣) with them，” said Mayfield.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。托马斯·梅菲尔德老师为了帮助学生提高学习的积极性，努力地发现他们感兴趣的东西，从而帮助教学和提高学生的学习效率。
1．What led Thomas Mayfield to try something new in his teaching
A．His out-of-date teaching routines.
B．Urgent requests of students' parents.
C．Disadvantaged conditions of students.
D．Students' devotion to study after school.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Single parent homes, parents put in prison, low financial stability—a lot of misfortunes that were going on”可知，促使托马斯·梅菲尔德在教学中尝试新的东西的原因是学生的不利处境。
2．How did Thomas Mayfield teach the kids
A．By explaining the maths principles.
B．By asking them to do more exercises.
C．By instructing the kids to write music.
D．By combining musical notes with maths.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To reach students in a way that was familiar and inviting, he brought rap music to the classroom.”可知，托马斯·梅菲尔德通过把音符和数学结合起来教孩子们。
3．What does Thomas Mayfield highlight in class
A．Educators must inspire the kids' interest first.
B．Rules should be set for learners in advance.
C．Each student should be treated equally.
D．Importance must be attached to music.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Students will produce work if you reach them where they are...It's important to use things that resonate with them，’ said Mayfield.”可推知，托马斯·梅菲尔德在课堂上强调教育者首先必须激发孩子们的兴趣。
4．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Never Too Late to Learn
B．The Keys to Teaching Maths
C．Hard Work Turns into Heart Work
D．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，托马斯·梅菲尔德老师为了帮助学生提高学习的积极性，努力地发现他们感兴趣的东西，从而帮助教学和提高学生的学习效率。C项应为文章最好的标题。
B
(2025·黄山高二期末)Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, published more than 200 years ago, is often called the first modern work of science fiction—so much so that even people who haven't read it know the story: An ambitious young scientist named Victor Frankenstein creates a human-like creature from the spare parts of dead bodies, but he loses control of his creation, and chaos follows.It reflects the anxieties over new ideas and new scientific knowledge that were about to transform the very fabric of life in the 19th century.
Frankenstein is, of course, a work of fiction, but a good deal of real-life science informs Shelley's masterpiece, beginning with the adventure story that frames Victor Frankenstein's tale: that of Captain Walton's voyage to the Arctic.Walton hopes to reach the North Pole where he might “discover the power that attracts the needle”—referring to the then—mysterious force of magnetism(磁力). The links between electricity and magnetism were a major subject of investigation during Shelley's time, and a number of expeditions departed for the North and South Poles in the hope of discovering the secrets of the planet's magnetic field.
Erasmus Darwin is mentioned in the introduction to Frankenstein.There, Shelley claims that Darwin “preserved a piece of vermicelli in a glass case, till by some extraordinary means it began to move with a voluntary motion”．She adds, “Perhaps a dead body would be brought back to life; galvanism(电击法) had shown signs of such things: Perhaps the component parts of a creature might be made, brought together, and given life.”
However, Frankenstein serves as more than just a reflection on scientific effort; it is also a warning tale about the moral responsibilities of the creator.Victor's scientific experiments blind him to the potential consequences of his work.When he realizes what damage the creature has done, he is overwhelmed with regret.But he fails to relate to the creature, which leads to the miserable events that follow.Victor Frankenstein's failing isn't his over-enthusiasm for science but his failing to connect emotionally with his creation.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛丽·雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》一书的内容以及其对科学和道德责任的反思。
5．What do we know about Frankenstein
A．It is influential.
B．It reflects pop culture.
C．It targets scientists.
D．It is based on a real story.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mary Shelley's Frankenstein...who haven't read it know the story”可知，《弗兰肯斯坦》具有很大的影响力。
6．Why does Captain Walton conduct his Arctic expedition
A．To map northern regions.
B．To uncover a mysterious force.
C．To trace the route of great voyagers.
D．To distinguish electricity from magnetism.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Walton hopes to reach...mysterious force of magnetism.”可知，沃尔顿进行北极探险是为了揭示一个神秘的力量。
7．What do Shelley's words in paragraph 3 focus on
A．The significance of galvanism.
B．Her inspiration for the creature.
C．The procedure for creating a being.
D．Her support for Darwin's research.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Perhaps a dead body would...and given life.”可推知，雪莱的这段话主要关注的是她对生物的创造灵感。
8．What message does Frankenstein convey
A．Adventure can inspire creativity.
B．Regret can lead to miserable events.
C．Creators should work out the origin of life.
D．Scientific creations should include moral considerations.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, Frankenstein serves as more than...moral responsibilities of the creator.”可推知，《弗兰肯斯坦》传达了科学创造应该包括道德方面的考虑这一信息。
C
Mel Taylor-Bessent has had a passion for reading and writing stories since she was a child. After doing a creative writing degree at university, she set up Little Star Writing—after-school creative writing clubs, which she ran for many years. She went on to interview hundreds of authors for her website, called Authorfy, before becoming a children's author herself.
Her latest book, Race to Imagination Island, is the first step in an exciting adventure series exploring the unlimited power of our imaginations. Taylor-Bessent says writing for fun is vital for fueling children's creativity and dreams and everyone needs imagination.
She enjoyed creating her own stories from a very young age. “In school, I was the writing kid，” she says. “I just loved escaping into a story.” After reading a National Literacy Trust (NLT) report that said fewer and fewer children were writing for pure enjoyment, Taylor-Bessent decided to launch her social media channel, which offers top tips for children on how to enjoy creative writing, simply for fun.
Making a special writing atmosphere is a great way to start your writing tour. “Create a fun writing environment, play some music, grab a blanket, find a cosy corner，” she says, adding that when you start writing, don't worry about perfect spelling, punctuation and handwriting. Just let your ideas flow. “Our writing will improve if we play with our words，” she says. “Write about what you enjoy.” You could even invite a friend to write with you for “twice the ideas, twice the imagination and twice the fun”．
Taylor-Bessent encourages all children to try creative writing, saying, “There is no such thing as a wrong idea. Writing will take you anywhere you want to go and your imagination is limitless.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了梅尔·泰勒·贝森特建立创意写作俱乐部来激发孩子们的创造力和梦想。
9．What did Mel Taylor-Bessent do after graduation
A．She worked hard for the NLT.
B．She taught writing at university.
C．She established creative writing clubs.
D．She interviewed lots of scientists.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“After doing a creative writing degree...ran for many years.”可知，梅尔·泰勒·贝森特毕业后建立了课后创意写作俱乐部。
10．What inspired Mel Taylor-Bessent to start her social media channel
A．Her love for writing.
B．An NLT report.
C．The kids' need for fun.
D．Her desire for sharing tips.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After reading a National Literacy Trust (NLT) report...creative writing, simply for fun.”可知，是NLT的一个报告激发了梅尔·泰勒·贝森特创办一个社交媒体频道。
11．What does paragraph 4 focus on
A．Playing with words.
B．Writing with a friend.
C．Ignoring writing mistakes.
D．Creating a writing atmosphere.
D　解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的主题句“Making a special writing atmosphere is a great way to start your writing tour.”可知，本段的重点是营造写作氛围。
12．Which of the following can best describe Taylor-Bessent
A．Ambitious and demanding.
B．Enthusiastic and competitive.
C．Creative and inspiring.
D．Professional and outgoing.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After doing a creative writing degree...for many years.”以及最后一段内容可知，泰勒·贝森特是有创造力且鼓舞人心的。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·临汾期中)
Steps Towards Unlocking Your Inner Wisdom
At the core of your life lies sense, a powerful force that exists within. Knowing how to follow your sense can help guide your life. 1.____
·Seek loneliness and stillness. In a world filled with noises, finding inner peace requires silencing the noise around you. 2.____ Try taking a relaxing walk, dipping yourself in nature, deep thinking, or simply enjoying a quiet coffee while observing the world. Participate in activities that calm your soul to achieve a state where your sense flourishes in its full glory.
·Develop self-awareness. 3.____ Strongly intuitive people often spend time on self-examination and spare time for self-awareness training. Instead of running away from their emotions, they hug them with openness and acceptance. To follow your inner voice, consider all that lies within. Ask yourself, “How am I feeling right now？” Explore desires, fears or goals that come to light. Take time to sit with your body and run through a full body scan.
·4.____ Life can't be foretold. Many people struggle to maintain aspects of their lives. Despite inner fear of uncertainty, following your sense may lead you down unfamiliar paths. Welcome this uncertainty with an open heart and an eager spirit. When you trust in its guidance, sense can provide priceless help through each stage of your life.
·Take action with intention. Once your sense gives guidance, trust yourself enough to act on it on purpose. 5.____ The idea of gradually progressing to more important, high-pressure decisions increases your ability to deal with discomfort more effectively.
A．Explore the unknown.
B．Stay away from unfamiliar paths.
C．You need to find a place free from any interruption.
D．It is better to think about high-pressure decisions first.
E.Learn how to believe in your sense by making small choices.
F．Raising your sense requires a deep understanding of yourself.
G.And insight gained from your sense can affect everything you do in life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何发挥自己内在的智慧，以更好地指导生活。
1．G　解析：根据空前内容可知，上文提到的是跟随感觉的好处。G项延续上文内容，继续介绍跟随感觉的好处，与上文构成并列关系，符合语境。
2．C　解析：根据空前内容可知，上文提到寻找内心的平静需要消除周围的噪声。C项承接上文，指出我们应该找一个不受打扰的地方，从而得到宁静，符合语境。
3．F　解析：根据本段主旨句“Develop self-awareness.”可知，本段主题为“提高自我意识”。F项提出要深入了解自己，可衔接下文内容，与本段话题一致。
4．A　解析：分析文章结构可知，设空处为本段主旨句。下文提到要迎接不确定性。由此可知，A项符合本段主旨。
5．E　解析：上文提到相信自己的感觉并采取行动，E项与下文内容衔接，且照应上文的“trust yourself”，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Chinese Culture Day held here in the Australian capital has made people feel the ancient charm of Chinese culture, 1.______(promote) cultural exchanges and cooperation between Australia and China.
Xiao Qian, Chinese Ambassador to Australia, delivered a speech at the Chinese New Year Reception on the Chinese Culture Day on Tuesday. The Chinese New Year has 2.______(gradual) become an international festival in Australia, with the deepening of humanistic exchanges, 3.______ could facilitate the friendship between the two peoples, Xiao said.
4．______(guest) from the Australian side said that Australia and China have a long history of people-to-people exchanges, and the two sides have carried out mutually 5.______(benefit) cooperation in the fields of culture, tourism and international student exchanges. This multi-layered partnership is unique and deserves 6.______(celebrate) by both parties.
In their speech, the Australian participants noticed that China has been 7.______ largest trading partner of Australia for many years, Beijing and Canberra are sister cities, and that the number of Chinese tourists 8.______(account) for 20 percent of the total number of foreign tourists in Canberra. The Australian side is willing to continue to work hard to push the bilateral (双边的) friendly and cooperative relations 9.______ a higher level.
At the reception, artists from Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province 10.______(stage) performances of dance, folk music and traditional opera.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在澳大利亚首都举行的中国文化日让人们感受到了中国文化的古老魅力，促进了中澳文化交流与合作。
1．promoting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词has made，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，promote与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。
2．gradually　解析：考查副词。此处修饰动词短语，应用副词形式gradually。
3．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是humanistic exchanges，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which。
4．Guests　解析：考查名词复数。根据句意可知，此处指的是在场的客人们，应用名词复数形式作主语。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
5．beneficial　解析：考查形容词。修饰名词cooperation，应用形容词形式作定语。
6．to be celebrated　解析：考查非谓语动词。deserve to do sth.意为“值得做某事”，multi-layered partnership与celebrate之间是被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动语态。
7．the　解析：考查冠词。形容词最高级的前面应用定冠词the。
8．accounts/has accounted　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为客观事实，应用一般现在时，也可以表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；主语the number of Chinese tourists是单数，谓语动词应用单数形式。
9．to　解析：考查介词。push...to a higher level意为“推动……到更高的水平”，是固定搭配。
10．staged　解析：考查动词的时态。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。Period 4　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
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What is the main idea of the text
A．Taking responsibility for yourself or for society.
B．How to take responsibility as senior school students.
C．The importance and reasons of taking responsibility.
D．The relationship between taking responsibility and its rewards.
答案：C
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答案：1.importance　2.personal development　3.the betterment of society　4.first step　5.accepting
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1．Why does the the author mention “anchor” in paragraph 3
A．To show the importance of direction in ship sailing.
B．To stress the impact of waves and winds in ship sailing.
C．To show that responsibility is a heavy burden in one's life.
D．To show the importance of responsibility in one's behaviours.
2．What will taking responsibility help build according to the fourth paragraph
A．A strong character.
B．A strong body.
C．A good relationship.
D．A good reputation.
3．What does the story of “starfish boy” tell us
A．Work together and you will make a difference.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Two heads are better than one.
D．Success belongs to the persevering.
4．What does the saying “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.” show
A．Jade is precious.
B．Jade is hard to carve.
C．A man can't be perfect without trials.
D．Jade is useless.
答案：1～4.DAAC
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　　Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege 1.to welcome(welcome) you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.
Students, the time has arrived for you to 2.fully (full) accept your passage into adulthood.At school, you have gradually understood the 3.importance(important) of a well-developed sense of responsibility. Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you, 4.but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
As students, you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.This 5.means(mean) meeting deadlines for your schoolwork, following your teachers' guidance and always 6.aiming(aim) for academic excellence.However, your responsibilities go far beyond your studies.Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life will help build a strong character.
Apart 7.from personal development, assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society.The little things you do can make 8.a difference! Working together, we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
Just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for-nothing if not 9.carved(carve).” Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest 10.will be(be) great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life!
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．privilege n. A．锚；给以安全感的人(或物)
2．embrace vt.&vi. B．荣幸；特殊利益
3．anchor n. C．欣然接受；包含；拥抱
答案：1～3.BCA
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．feel guilty 感到内疚
2．be so ashamed of myself 为我自己感到惭愧
3．forgive me 原谅我
4．cheat my fans 欺骗我的粉丝
5．the next phase of your lives
你们人生的下一个阶段
6．meet deadlines for your schoolwork
你要按时完成学业
7．it is indeed your own fault
确实是你自己的错
8．an added bonus 额外的收获
9．sow the seeds of success
播下成功的种子
10．your harvest will be great 你的收获将是巨大的
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去；顺从；屈从；勉强接受→resignation n．辞职；辞职信
2．mercy n．仁慈，宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.宽容的；仁慈的→(反义词)merciless adj.残忍的；无情的；毫不怜悯的
3．guidance n．指导；导航；引导→guide vt.给某人领路；指导；指示 n．指南；指导者；导游
4．discouraged adj.灰心的→discourage v．使灰心；使泄气；劝阻→discouragement n．气馁；挫折→discouraging adj.令人灰心的
5．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save v．节省；保存；储蓄
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．After the boat's motor failed, they were at the mercy of(任……处置) the weather.
2．When I took charge of the speech activity last month, I took it seriously(认真对待).
3．Not until he went through(经历) real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
4．He is easy to get along with.Apart from(除……之外) that, he is a determined boy.
5．We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference(有影响) to our youth.
6．The advancement of technology can boost education. In turn，the development of education can contribute to(有助于) technological progress.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．It is＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you(我很高兴和荣幸地欢迎你们) here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.(Para.1)
2．“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”
Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight(不是作为重担) that burdens you, but rather as a foundation(而是作为基础) which will support your future development.(Para.3)
[分析]　此句中还含有that和which引导的定语从句。
3．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
Sow the seeds of success today and(今天播下成功的种子) your harvest will be great tomorrow.(Para.6)
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resign　vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；顺从；屈从；勉强接受
【经典例句】
①(人教选必四U4)One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job.
我的一个梦想是在非洲工作，在我辞职后继续帮助残疾人。
②She decided to resign as the school principal to take care of her sick mother.
她决定辞去学校校长的职务，去照顾生病的母亲。
(1)resign from...　　 从……辞职
resign as... 辞去作为……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从……；使自己
安于 (做)某事
(2)resignation n. 辞职；辞职信；顺从
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He would further his study at university so he resigned from the volunteering project.
(2)Her resignation(resign) from the company came as a surprise to everyone, as she had been a dedicated employee for many years.
(3)洪水之后，他们不得不接受失去家园的事实，专注于重建生活。
They resigned themselves to the loss of their home after the flood, focusing on rebuilding their lives.
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guilty　adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
【经典例句】
①(北师大选必一 U2)This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.　这让我非常担心，作为一个无所作为的富人，我感到非常内疚。
②Even though it was an accident, she still feels guilty about not being able to attend her friend's wedding.　尽管那是一次意外，她仍然因为没能参加朋友的婚礼而感到内疚。
(1)be/feel guilty for/at/about... 为/对……感到内疚，
对……有愧
be guilty of... 犯有……罪；有……过失
(2)guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；罪责
out of guilt 出于内疚
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)If we are guilty of ignoring the details in math problems, we may lose valuable points in the college entrance examination even if we master the core knowledge.
(2)The court found him guilty (guilt) and sentenced him to three years in prison.
(3)出于愧疚， 我向我的老师解释， 并保证这种事情不会再发生。
Out of guilt, I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.[读后续写之心理描写]
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ashamed　adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
【经典例句】
①(人教选必一U4)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
他们也会用手掩面，好像很尴尬或羞愧。
②She lowered her head, feeling ashamed of the way that she behaved at the party.
她低下头，为自己在聚会上的行为羞愧不已。
(1)be/feel ashamed of... 为……而感到羞耻
be/feel ashamed to do sth. 羞于/耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事
It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾。
(3)shameful adj. 丢脸的；可耻的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)We should not be ashamed to admit(admit) our mistakes, as it is part of learning and growing.
(2)It is shameful(shame) that some people waste so much food, while many others are starving.
(3)真遗憾今年夏天我们没能一起去海边度假。
It's a shame that we couldn't go on a beach vacation together this summer.
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forgive　vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
【经典例句】
①(人教选必四U3)If we do not protect the sea, future generations will not forgive us.
如果我们不保护海洋，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。
②(外研必修三U1)Try to forgive someone when they apologise.
当别人道歉时，试着原谅他们。
(1)forgive sb.sth.　　 原谅某人某事
forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了) 某事
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Forgiven(forgive) by the whole class for his unintentional (无心的) mistake, he was able to regain their trust and friendship.
(2)Please forgive me for my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore this afternoon because I have an unexpected meeting to attend.[应用文写作之道歉信]
(3)她既内疚又羞愧，来到老师的办公室，当面恳求他的原谅。
Guilty and ashamed, she came into her teacher's office to beg for his forgiveness face to face.
[读后续写之心理描写]
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cheat　vt.欺骗，蒙骗　vi.作弊，舞弊n．骗子；作弊者
【经典例句】
①(北师大必修二U4)The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
使用多个虚拟形象也有风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象欺骗他人。
②They tried to cheat him into investing his whole life savings in a risky scheme, but they failed.
他们试图欺骗他把毕生的积蓄投资到一项有风险的计划中，但失败了。
cheat sb.(out) of sth.　　 骗取某人的某物
cheat sb.into doing... 欺骗某人做……
cheat in the exam 在考试中作弊
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Two young men who cheated the old lady of her necklace were arrested.
(2)Many people felt cheated(cheat) when the products they bought were not as good as they expected.
(3)He tried to cheat me into believing that he was rich, but in vain.
(4)他考试作弊导致他没有取得学位。
He cheated in the exam, which resulted in his failure to get the degree.
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cheat用作及物动词表示“欺骗”时，其宾语通常是人而不能是物，且不能接双宾语。
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mercy　n.仁慈，宽恕；怜悯；恩惠
【经典例句】
①(人教选必四U3)Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
尽管这早在1982年就被禁止了，但一些国家仍在残忍地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
②She offered him a place to stay out of mercy when he had nowhere else to go during the harsh winter.
在严冬时节，他无处可去时，她出于怜悯为他提供了住处。
(1)show mercy to sb.＝have mercy on sb.
怜悯某人
at the mercy of... 任……处置；
对……无能为力
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同
情地
out of mercy 出于怜悯
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽容的
be merciful to/towards sb. 对某人仁慈
(3)merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Without backup plans, we are at the mercy of phone batteries dying during travel.
(2)The storm attacked the coast with merciless(mercy) force, destroying homes and infrastructure along its path.[读后续写之场景描写]
(3)老师同情因病缺席的学生，允许他额外时间完成作业。
→The teacher showed mercy to/had mercy on the student who had been absent due to illness, and allowed him extra time to complete his homework.(mercy n．)
→The teacher was merciful to/towards the student who had been absent due to illness, and allowed him extra time to complete his homework.(merciful adj.)
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deadline　n.最后期限；截止日期
【经典例句】 To ensure the project is completed on time, the manager set a deadline for each team member.
为了确保项目按时完成，经理为每个团队成员设定了截止日期。
meet the deadline 赶上最后期限；按期完成
miss the deadline 错过最后期限
set a deadline/deadlines 设定最后期限
a deadline for (doing) sth. (做)某事的最后期限
ahead of the deadline 在截止日期之前
【完成句子】
(1)尽管面临挑战，学生们决心按时完成他们的小组项目。
The students were determined to meet the deadline for their group project despite the challenges.
(2)她无法按时完成报告，错过了老师设定的截止日期。
She was unable to complete her report on time and missed the deadline set by her teacher．
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fault　n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点；故事；瑕疵
【经典例句】 The police looked into the case and said that it was the driver's fault that caused the accident.　警方调查了这起案件，说是司机的过错导致了这起事故。
(1)find fault with　　　 挑剔，找茬
at fault 负有责任；有过错
(2)faulty adj. 有错误的；不完美的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The machine stopped working after a few hours because of a faulty(faul) part that needed replacement.
(2)She realized that she might be at fault for the misunderstanding between her and her colleague.
(3)她是一个如此刻薄的女人，总是挑剔他人的毛病，这真的让我们很恼火。
Such a mean woman is she that she is always finding fault with others, which really gets us annoyed.[读后续写之人物描写]
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discouraged　adj.灰心的
【经典例句】
①(教材P12)However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.
然而，男孩并不气馁，他相信自己能够影响那些被他救起的海星。
②(人教选必二U1)Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.
尽管如此，钱学森并没有因此而放弃挑战。
(1)discourage vt.　 　 使泄气，使灰心；阻止；
打消……的念头
discourage doing sth. 阻止做某事
discourage sb.from doing sth. 劝阻/阻止/不鼓励某人做某事
(2)discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
discouragement n. 劝阻；泄气；使人泄气
的事；挫折，气馁
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)It's discouraging(discourage) that so many students have failed.
(2)He persevered despite discouragement(discourage) from those around him.
(3)我认为政府应该采取措施劝阻人们吸烟。
I think the government should take measures to discourage people from smoking．[应用文写作之建议信]
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discourage是及物动词，当没有宾语的时候，要考虑使用被动结构，如将“不要气馁。”译成英语不是“Don't discourage.”，而是“Don't be discouraged.”。discourage后面不接动词不定式作宾语，也不接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
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“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”
【经典例句】
①(教材P11)Hopefully, you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you, but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.
希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支撑你们未来发展的基础。
②(人教选必三U2)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。
“not...but...”结构连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要遵循“就近原则”。谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近原则”的结构还有：either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but also...、 ...or...、 there be句型。
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)Not individual efforts but teamwork ensures(ensure) the success of complex projects.
(2)Not only I but also my classmates were(be) fond of the farm-picking activity organised by our school last Sunday.
(3)The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result, either.
→Neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result.(neither...nor...)
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祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
【经典例句】
①(教材P12)Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
②(人教选必二U3)Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能知道你是什么样的人。
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...＋主句；
(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...＋主句；
(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem.
(2)Submit your application on time, or/otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity.[应用文写作之通知]
(3)如果你更加努力学习，在学业上你就会成功。
→Work harder, and you will succeed in your studies.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
→If you work harder, you will succeed in your studies.(if引导条件状语从句)
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She was a kind-hearted woman and often showed mercy to people who were in trouble.
2．We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures.
3．Nobody knew who was at fault for the train accident.
4．I feel guilty(guilt) about teasing the innocent child who fell over on the track.
5．There were calls for her resignation(resign) from the board of directors.
6．Treat others with respect, and you will win respect from others.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她出于内疚向朋友道歉，因为她对他撒谎了。
She apologized to her friend out of guilt for having lied to him.
2．暴风雨无情地袭击了小镇，使许多居民无家可归。
The storm hit the town without mercy, leaving many residents homeless.
3．他发现在这家公司工作很不舒服，所以他决定辞去他的职务。
He found it uncomfortable to work in this company, so he decided to resign from his position．
4．有一些证据表明，对昨天发生的事故负有责任的不是乘客，而是司机。(not...but...)
There was some evidence that not the passengers but the driver was to be responsible for the accident which happened yesterday．
5．再看一眼，他注意到那辆报废的车里冒出了火焰。
One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.

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