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[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．One reason for her preference(prefer) for this school is that, as she puts it, it can provide for her future development.
2．To my embarrassment(embarrass), when an old friend greeted me at the party, his name escaped me.
3．Learning about different cultures helps to promote tolerance(tolerate) and understanding among people.
4．He returned with the intention(intend) of spending New Year with his family and sharing his experiences in recent years.
5．With the growing popularity of smartphones, tablets and computers, more and more students have a tendency(tend) to take online courses to learn English beyond the classroom.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．He was sensitive to criticism, so he couldn't tolerate being criticized(criticize) by others.
2．The translation of the novel corresponds to/with the original text, preserving the author's intended meaning.
3．If he turns his back to you, it is likely that he has got angry.
4．Everything will go well, so you needn't be so pessimistic about your future.
5．Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you to behave yourself(you).
维度三　完成句子
1．他对不同的意见很宽容，这使他成为一名优秀的领导者。
He is tolerant of/towards different opinions, which makes him a good leader.
2．他的行为与他的言语不符，让人们怀疑他的诚意。
His actions were not in correspondence with his words, making people doubt his sincerity.
3．虽然我知道会有很多困难要经历，但我永远不会放弃。(while引导让步状语从句)
While I knew there would be many difficulties to go through, I would never give up.
4．通常情况下，想法越奇特，它就越会得到关注。(the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..)
Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed．
5．考虑到时间紧迫，我认为他们干得不错。(given that引导原因状语从句)
Given that there was so little time, I think they have done a good job.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研必修一U2】
Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”．
Even the smallest words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
1．How does the author develop the passage
A．By providing examples.
B．By using figures.
C．By following the way of spelling.
D．By following the order of importance.
2．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A．Because the English words show everything around us.
B．Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C．Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D．Because the English words are unique in the world.
3．What do the two phrases “wind up” mean in the last sentence
A．They both mean “turn a handle”．
B．They both mean “finish or stop doing sth.”．
C．The first means “turn a handle”， and the second means “finish or stop doing sth.”．
D．The first means “finish or stop doing sth.”， and the second means “turn a handle”．
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To explain how English was created.
B．To give advice on how to learn English.
C．To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.
D．To show that English is interesting and creative.
答案：1～4.ACCD
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·扬州中学高二期末)The only science fiction that ever really caught my attention when I was growing up, besides Star Trek and Robert A．Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land, was the novel Contact by Carl Sagan. When I was 15, I saw the 1997 film version of this. Later, as a 17-year-old adapting to my first semester at university, I read the book. Contact eventually became the gateway for me to try more popular science books.
One thing that interested me was the bitter fights the researchers got into with one another about their different ways of measuring the expansion rate of space-time. On second thoughts, maybe this was a lesson I was supposed to draw from Contact, but, at the time, I didn't regard such politics as scientists' problems. Instead, what caught my attention was the portrayal of Ellie Arroway, a scientist who searched for alien intelligence. In the film version, Ellie is seen listening to space using a pair of headphones connected to the Very Large Array(VLA)—a real facility in New Mexico. The filmmakers take advantage of the fact that the non-expert reader or viewer feels they understand these devices.
Astronomers don't really do this for the purposes of actual research because there is rarely any point. This is the kind of detail that is unimportant for the purpose of the film of Contact, but how it portrays radio astronomy is one of the inaccuracies I occasionally hear scientists complain about. I was lucky enough to observe the behaviour of some water molecules (分子) in the universe using the VLA for my third-year lab course. We didn't hear the data. Instead, we processed it so that we could look at it.
That was probably the only time I ever shined in the lab, and I was so excited to be a real-life Ellie Arroway. Later, I was forced to think more about the human aspects of my working experience. I witnessed unnecessarily heated arguments between scientists, complete with shouting and chalkboard punches (重拳击打). But, thankfully, Contact had not only introduced me to the idea of radio astronomy as a possible career path, it had also given me a road map for remaining calm in the confused conflict of astronomical wonder and human politics.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了《超时空接触》这部作品对作者的深远影响。
1．What can be learned about the author in her teenage years
A．She read a wide range of science fiction books.
B．Her interest in science was inspired by Contact.
C．She watched Contact's film version in her freshman year.
D．Her favourite science fiction author was Robert A．Heinlein.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was 15... try more popular science books.”可知，《超时空接触》激发了作者对科学的兴趣。
2．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Listening to the sound of space.
B．Searching for alien intelligence.
C．Visiting the VLA in New Mexico.
D．Communicating with non-experts.
A　解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中的“In the film version...a real facility in New Mexico.”可知，this指代上文提到的“听太空的声音”。
3．Why does the author mention her third-year lab course
A．To demonstrate her strong interest in lab projects.
B．To prove the film's wrong act about radio astronomy.
C．To explain the reasons for scientists' complaints.
D．To show the positive results of her observations.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is the kind of detail...so that we could look at it.”可推知，作者提到这件事是为了证明《超时空接触》这部电影对射电天文学的描述是错误的。
4．What lesson did Contact teach the author
A．How to grasp career opportunities.
B．How to explain the science of radio astronomy.
C．How to deal with interpersonal disagreements.
D．How to get an excellent score on a lab course.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I witnessed unnecessarily heated arguments...astronomical wonder and human politics.”可推知，《超时空接触》这部作品教会作者如何处理人与人之间的分歧。
B
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Recently, I found myself back at the Tube station. It had been my home station when I first lived in London in my 20s. When I stepped off the train and onto the platform, a strange thing happened. For a moment, I felt time collapse, and my feet automatically (自动地) picked up the way they'd followed every day for seven years.
At that time, I couldn't have told you whether I was 24 or 42. The girl from the past and the woman here now were one and the same. I felt her enthusiasm and sense of self-belief, realizing them as real and as a memory at the same time. When I came out of the station, my body was made to go left—to follow the path home—until my mind corrected it, turned me right, and sent me off into the day. At that moment I was very clear about what I was thinking, but it made me wonder about what it would be like to go back.
When I stood at the station, however, I saw the advantage in looking back. I asked myself if my 24-year-old self would be proud of me today. Perhaps there would be something that she'd be excited about—the people I've worked with and the friends I've kept. Maybe that's what she'd cherish, while I tried to explain to her the concepts of “cost-of-living” and mortgage (按揭贷款).
Looking back also allowed me to remember how big she dreamed and how enthusiastically she believed in things. I remembered her love of fun and how much she enjoyed a party. A few days after, I found myself turning to music lists belonging to my 24-year-old self and dancing to them, timelines merging once again. Looking back gives me the energy to move forwards.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者回到年轻时常去的伦敦地铁站，瞬间被带回过去的生活轨迹，并从中汲取能量的故事。
5．What do we know about the author in her 20s
A．She walked to work every day.
B．She worked in the Tube station.
C．She lived alone in a train station.
D．She lived in London for seven years.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It had been my home station when I first lived in London in my 20s.”及“For a moment, I felt time...every day for seven years.” 可知，作者20多岁时在伦敦住了七年。
6．What does the underlined part “sent me off into the day” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Led me towards the light.
B．Brought me back to reality.
C．Made my dream a reality.
D．Took me on the way home.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分上文“At that time, I couldn't have told...one and the same.”及“my body was made to go...turned me right”可推知，作者回到年轻时常去的伦敦地铁站，瞬间被带回过去的生活轨迹，身体本能地想要向左走，但作者的意识使她向右拐，由此可推知，画线部分指的是把作者带回现实中。
7．What would the author value if she could turn back to 24
A．Money. 　　B．Workplace.
C．Friendship. D．Education.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I asked myself if my 24-year-old self...what she'd cherish” 可知，如果作者能回到24岁，她会珍视的是与同事和朋友的友谊。
8．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．24-year-old Self Is Always with Me
B．My Old Days in London Benefit My Life
C．Double Selves Are My Best Self
D．Recalling the Past Gives Me Energy
D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者回忆过去在伦敦生活的经历，并从中汲取能量，激励自己向前看。因此，D项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
If you walk around the Rahway Trail in the South Mountain Reservation of Millburn. New Jersey, you might spot more than vegetation and creatures. Small 1 are hidden in the tree trunks—an amazingly lovely sight in this 2 normal-looking forest nowadays. The idea to 3 small wooden houses to the landscape came from Therese Ojibway, who wanted her son, who has autism (孤独症), to have a safe space to 4 in the wilderness.
“She found the Rahway Trail and started constructing houses and leaving 5 decorations here and there for her son，” said Gould, a keeper of the trail.
The South Mountain Conservancy noticed the sudden 6 of constructions. Learning Ojibway's story, they 7 her to continue building her kingdom to what is now known as the Fairy Trail.
“She thought this was a(n) 8 way of getting children like her son into nature, 9 them to use imaginations and creativity，” said Kelly, another keeper.
The Ojibways moved out years ago, but the Fairy Trail 10 . Luckily Gould and Kelly were 11 asked to become the “Makers and Keepers”. They, along with volunteers, continue to build wooden homes for kids with special 12 ．
“To give kids 13 houses, most are made out of natural elements that can then 14 back into the forest. We get 15 when the kingdom makes their day，” Kelly said.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新泽西州令人惊奇的小木屋的由来和传承。
1．A．dormitories B．cottages
C．woods D．galleries
B　解析：根据下文small wooden houses可知，此处指小屋(cottage)隐藏在树林里。
2．A．obviously B．temporarily
C．otherwise D．indeed
C　解析：根据上文an amazingly lovely sight和下文normal-looking forest 可知，此处表示对比，otherwise符合语境。
3．A．lift B．donate
C．restore D．add
D　解析：根据下文“She found the Rahway Trail and started constructing houses”可知，将小木屋添加(add)到这片森林中的想法来自特蕾泽·奥吉比瓦。
4．A．explore B．design
C．harvest D．recommend
A　解析：根据下文“getting children like her son into nature，_______ them to use imaginations and creativity”可知，此处指她希望自己患有孤独症的儿子在荒野中有一个安全的探索(explore)空间。
5．A．historic B．sweet
C．odd D．stylish
B　解析：根据上文an amazingly lovely sight及全文的感彩可知，此处指她到处留下惹人喜爱的(sweet)装饰物。
6．A．release B．collapse
C．appearance D．expansion
C　解析：根据上文“She found the Rahway Trail and started constructing houses”可知，此处指管理机构注意到了建造物的出现(appearance)。
7．A．licensed B．forced
C．appointed D．required
A　解析：根据下文“continue building her kingdom...the Fairy Trail”可知，了解了奥吉比瓦的故事后，他们批准(license)她继续建造她的王国。
8．A．accurate B．economical
C．traditional D．fantastic
D　解析：根据上文the Fairy Trail和下文use imaginations and creativity可知，她认为这是一种让像她儿子一样的孩子走进大自然的极好的(fantastic)方式，激发(stimulate)他们运用想象力和创造力。
9．A．asking B．stimulating
C．persuading D．urging
B　解析：参见上题解析。
10．A．declines B．twists
C．remains D．varies
C　解析：根据上文but可知，上下文存在转折关系，此处指小木屋依然存在(remain)。
11．A．officially B．previously
C．unexpectedly D．suddenly
A　解析：根据上文“Gould, a keeper of the trail”和“Kelly, another keeper”可知，她们正式(officially)成为“制造者和看守人”。
12．A．interests B．talents
C．purposes D．needs
D　解析：根据上文“her son, who has autism”和“getting children like her son into nature”可知，此处指继续为有特殊需求(need)的孩子们建造木屋。
13．A．grand B．green
C．permanent D．complex
B　解析：根据下文“natural elements that can then _______ back into the forest”和常识可知，此处指为了给孩子们提供环保的(green)房屋，大多数房屋是用天然材料制成的，这些材料之后可以分解(break down)回到森林中。
14．A．grow up B．catch on
C．break down D．die away
C　解析：参见上题解析。
15．A．rewarded B．remembered
C．respected D．sponsored
A　解析：根据下文“when the kingdom makes their day”可知，此处指当这个王国让孩子非常高兴时，建造者们会得到回报(reward)。make one's day意为“使某人非常高兴”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025 ·邢台期中)International students from the Beijing Language and Culture University were busy preparing for the Competition for the Transmission and Promotion of the Beijing Central Axis, with three songs 1.___________(highlight) heritage sites along its length.
The competition, hosted 2.___________(annual) by the Beijing Cultural Heritage Bureau and the Beijing Office for Conservation and Management of the Beijing Central Axis, includes five major categories, one of 3.___________requests participants to present the heritage sites using different art forms.
Three groups of international students from 13 countries participated with songs about the Wanning Bridge, the Temple of Heaven and Jingshan Park. The students, most of whom were Chinese Language and Literature 4.___________(major), took an elective course that taught songs 5.___________(adapt) from ancient Chinese poetry.
“I think this song about the Wanning Bridge is very beautiful. When I was exposed to the lyrics and learning them, I got to know about the bridge's history and architectural style. I feel that I'm very 6.___________(fortune) to participate in this course and the competition, because they have allowed me 7.______(learn) more about Chinese culture and history，” said one of 8.___________students.
It was the first time Chinese folk music 9.______(know) by so many students through these courses. And 10.___________the competition, they took their instruments home to introduce their friends to Chinese music. Through art, they became international narrators of China's stories and practitioners of the cultural exchange between China and their homeland.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了国际学生参与北京中轴线文化遗产传承与创新大赛，通过改编自古诗的歌曲展现文化遗产，增强了对中国文化的了解和国际文化交流的故事。
1．highlighting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构，空处在该结构中作宾语补足语，宾语three songs与highlight之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
2．annually　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词hosted，应用副词作状语。
3．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为“one of＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为five major categories，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。
4．majors　解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，major在此处意为“专业学生，主修学生”，为可数名词，空前无限定词，且主语为复数，空处应用名词复数形式。
5．adapted　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为that引导的定语从句，该从句中已有谓语taught，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰songs。songs与adapt之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。
6．fortunate　解析：考查形容词。空处位于系动词之后，且空前有副词very修饰，应用形容词作表语。
7．to learn　解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“允许某人做某事”。
8．the　解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处特指参加课程和比赛的学生中的一名，应用定冠词the。
9．had been known　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。“It was the first time (that)...”为固定句型，从句应用过去完成时。Chinese folk music与know之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
10．after　解析：考查介词。根据语境和常识可知，比赛结束后才可以将乐器带回家，空处应用介词after，表示“在……之后”。Period 3　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(关于学习中文的建议信)
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假定你是李华，你的英国朋友彼得(Peter)来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请根据下列要求写一封回信。
要点：1.参加中文学习班；
2．看中文书刊、电视；
3．学唱中文歌曲；
4．交中国朋友。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/step1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　审题谋篇
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INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/step2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　遣词造句
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[第一段]　引出话题
1．我很高兴收到你向我咨询关于如何学好中文的建议的来信。
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well．
[第二段]　详细给出建议
2．参加中文学习班很重要。
It is important to attend a Chinese language learning class．
3．你可以向老师学习，和同学们一起练习。
You can learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students．
4．只要有可能，看看中文电视，阅读中文书籍、报纸和杂志，这将是个好主意。
It is a good idea to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible．
5．唱中文歌曲可以帮助你更容易地学习和记忆中文词语。
Singing Chinese songs can help you learn and remember Chinese words more easily.
6．你还可以结交更多的中国朋友。
You can also make more Chinese friends．
7．他们会告诉你很多关于中国的事情，并帮助你在中文方面做得更好。
They will tell you a lot about China and help you do better in Chinese.
[第三段]　给予鼓励并表达期待
8．我希望你会觉得它们有用。
I hope you will find them useful.
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9．[读教材原句]　(译林选必二U1) Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in, but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales.
[记句式]　“not only...but also...”连接两个并列成分；not only置于句首，句子用部分倒装
[学仿写]　用“not only...but also...”及部分倒装改写句3
Not only can you learn from the teacher but you can also practice with your fellow students.
10．[读教材原句]　(教材P25) It then spreads to people who do not know the original language, and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak, almost unknowingly.
[记句式]　who引导定语从句
[学仿写]　用who引导定语从句合并句6和句7
You can also make more Chinese friends who will tell you a lot about China and help you do better in Chinese.
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One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions.
Firstly, it is important to attend a Chinese language learning class, as not only can you learn from the teacher but you can also practice with your fellow students.Secondly, it is a good idea to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides, singing Chinese songs can help you learn and remember Chinese words more easily.Finally, you can also make more Chinese friends who will tell you a lot about China and help you do better in Chinese.
Please take good consideration of my proposals.I hope you will find them useful. Best wishes.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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第一段引出话题 1.Learning that you have difficulty with your learning Chinese, I'm writing to give you some suggestions/advice.　得知你在学习中文上有困难，我写信给你一些建议。2.I'm sorry to know that you are now having trouble communicating with others, and you may often feel lonely.　很遗憾听说你现在在与人交流方面有些困难，你可能会经常感到孤独。
第二段提出具体、合理的建议 1.What's more, it is also a good choice/idea for you to read Chinese every morning.另外，每天早上阅读中文对你来说也是一个不错的选择/主意。2.First(ly), I recommend that you (should) talk to your friend about his behaviour face to face.　首先，我建议你和你的朋友面对面谈谈他的行为。3.In my opinion/From my point of view, it would be wise for you to do some voluntary work.　在我看来，做一些志愿工作对你来说是明智的。4.More importantly, you can turn to your teachers for help.更重要的是，你可以向你的老师寻求帮助。5.Why not join a Chinese club If you do this, you will get an opportunity to practice Chinese with others.为什么不参加一个中文俱乐部呢？如果你这样做的话，你就有机会与他人一起练习汉语。
第三段给予鼓励并表达期待 1.I firmly believe, through your efforts, you can manage to overcome these difficulties.我坚信，通过努力，你会设法克服这些困难的。2.I do hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you./I really hope you will find these suggestions useful.我确实希望我的建议对你有益。/我真的希望你会发现这些建议有用。
写作二　场景微续写(失物小风波)
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词汇积累 [动作描写]　weaken, anticipate, possession→possess, recognition→recognize, cooperate, cram，lean, stroke[情感描写]　pessimistic, abnormal, pure, vexed, absurd, instinctively, despair[情景描写]　widespread, outstretched, transparent, luxury→luxurious
佳句积累 [人物描写]　As Morrie anticipates his own death，he observes everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem more beautiful than ever before and hold new meanings.[主旨升华]　This encourages us to appreciate what we have, and to make the most of each day.[比喻]　Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world！
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[场景呈现]　吉米的酒吧内挤满了人。这时，一位女士焦急地说她的钱包不翼而飞，里面装着她最珍贵的财物——一枚结婚戒指。她几乎陷入绝望。吉米迅速行动起来，仔细查看了监控录像，认出了一个名叫奥利弗的男孩。他靠在椅背上，陷入了深思，心中已有了决断。片刻之后，吉米找到了奥利弗，轻轻地伸出手，提出了一个意想不到的提议：“奥利弗，你愿意在我的酒吧工作吗？”男孩惊讶地睁大了眼睛。“当然，吉米！”奥利弗急切地回应道，“我会像你期望的那样努力工作。还有……对不起，是我拿了那个钱包。”他低下头，声音里充满了悔意。
Jimmy's bar 1.was crammed with people. At this moment, a lady anxiously announced that her wallet had vanished, 2.inside which was her most important possession(非限制性定语从句；倒装句)—a wedding ring. She was almost 3.in despair. Jimmy quickly sprang into action, carefully reviewing the surveillance footage, and recognized a boy named Oliver. He 4.leaned back in his chair, deep in thought, having made a decision in his heart. A moment later, Jimmy found Oliver and gently outstretched his hand, making an unexpected offer: “Oliver, would you like to work at my bar？” The boy's eyes widened in surprise. “Of course, Jimmy！” Oliver replied eagerly, “I'll 5.work as hard as you anticipate(as...as...). And...I'm sorry, I took that wallet.” He lowered his head, his voice filled with regret.
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短语必记 1.be thrilled with excitement 　　　因兴奋而激动不已2.be overcome with emotion 激动得难以自制 3.burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来 4.wild with excitement 欣喜若狂5.be excited beyond words 激动得无法用言语表达6.a fit of excitement 一阵激动
必背金句 1.Her eyes sparkled with joy, because she was unable to contain her excitement.她的眼睛闪烁着喜悦的光芒，因为她无法抑制自己的兴奋。2.His face lit up with excitement, and his eyes sparkled like stars, as if he had just discovered a hidden treasure.　他的脸因兴奋而容光焕发，眼睛像星星一样闪闪发光，仿佛他刚刚发现了一个隐藏的宝藏。3.Her eyes sparkled with excitement, and a wide grin spread across her face, making her look like a child who had just received a long-awaited gift.　她的眼睛因兴奋而闪闪发光，脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容，这让她看起来就像一个刚收到期待已久的礼物的孩子。4.“I can't believe it！” she exclaimed, her voice trembling with excitement. “This is the best thing that has ever happened to me！”“我简直不敢相信！” 她尖叫道，声音因兴奋而颤抖。“这是发生在我身上最美好的事情！”5.With excitement written all over his face, he jumped up and down, clapping his hands vigorously, unable to contain his joy.　他的脸上写满了兴奋，跳上跳下，用力地鼓掌，无法抑制自己的喜悦。INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/博览万象1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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园林文化
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【高频词汇】
1．classic adj. 传统的
2．boast v. 有(值得自豪的东西)
3．construction n. 建筑；建造
4．pavilion n. 亭，阁
5．integrate v. 合并，成为一体
6．tile n. 瓦片
7．architect n. 建筑师
8．superficially adv. 表面(上)地
9．firm adj. 实的；稳固的
10．brick n. 砖，砖块
11．historical site 历史遗迹
12．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
【话题佳句】
1．The garden culture in China is not only a display of artistic beauty but also a carrier of cultural heritage, where traditional Chinese aesthetics, philosophy, and lifestyle are intricately woven into the layout and design of gardens like the Summer Palace in Beijing.
中国的园林文化不仅是艺术之美的展现，而且是文化遗产的载体，其中传统的中国美学、哲学和生活方式都巧妙地融入了像北京颐和园这样的园林布局和设计中。
2．(外研选必三U5)The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
设计这座建筑是为了展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，似乎漂浮在海滨长廊和周围的水面上。
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Yuyuan Garden is the largest and most celebrated classic Chinese garden in Shanghai, boasting a history of more than 450 years.
Pan Yunduan was the first to put 1.forward the idea of building the garden in 1559. Pan was the son of Pan En, a high official during the Ming Dynasty. The son decided to create a garden for his father shortly after he failed the imperial examinations. The name “Yuyuan” carries the auspicious (吉利的) meanings of “peace and 2.security(secure)”， reflecting Pan Yunduan's heartfelt wishes for his father's wellbeing.
Pan picked the family's vegetable garden in the northeast of the Old City of Shanghai as the site for the project. But soon after the construction began, Pan 3.was appointed(appoint) an official of remote Sichuan in southwestern China. The garden was not completed until Pan returned to Shanghai nearly 20 years later.
But before Pan died, he 4.had used(use) up most of his wealth and had to sell his land and property to make ends meet. His granddaughter's husband inherited Yuyuan Garden.
Over the years it changed hands several times 5.and was used as the British army's headquarters during the First Opium War and the Small Swords Society during the Taiping Rebellion. It also suffered severe damage during the 6.occupation(occupy) and later was further ruined by Japanese invaders. It was not until the late 1950s 7.that the garden was fully repaired by the Shanghai government.
Like other classic Chinese gardens, Yuyuan Garden 8.listed(list) as a key historical site under state protection in 1982—is known for its miniature (微型的) landscapes 9.comprising(comprise) ponds, rocks，trees and flowers. It also has a variety of halls, pavilions, towers and bridges.
Moreover, Yuyuan Garden is connected to the City God Temple and Yuyuan Mart. The temple, market and garden are seamlessly(无缝地) integrated, bining(combine) temple activities, folk traditions, leisure, shopping, dining sightseeing and cultural activities.
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Job Title of the Future: Digital Forest Ranger
Adapted from MIT Technology Review
When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s, his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure continuity for decades, even centuries. Now, with climate change, it's more about planning for an uncertain future. “It's turned into disaster management，” says Roth, for whom the 3，000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany double as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the title “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community.
After a catastrophic storm, the clock starts ticking. Damaged trees need to be removed before the arrival of bark beetles, which breed in dead trees and can go on to devastate entire forests. While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot, drones now let him survey the entire 3，000 acres in days, so he can quickly locate damaged trees, identify and inform the owners of affected plots.
Roth also has digitally mapped all the logging trails and equipped tree harvesters with high-precision satellite antennas so the machines can precisely follow the same route for decades and easily find them in the chaotic aftermath of a storm.
His most recent project is combining body camera footage with AI. “When trees are felled, usually you have no idea how much timber you'll end up with—how many cubic meters, what quality, which tree species，” he explains. Now AI, “looking” through his body camera, automatically recognizes the tree species he has marked and estimates the amount of timber it will produce, sending the information to his phone in real time.
Up to half of European tree species are unsuited to rising temperatures and extended drought periods, so Roth has begun experimenting with new species, planting them in small batches and keeping track of them in his system.
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1．ranger n．护林员
2．continuity n．连续性；持续性
3．double as 兼作
4．testing ground 试验场
5．the clock starts ticking 某事需要立即采取行动；时间不等人
6．bark beetle 树皮甲虫
7．breed v．繁殖
8．devastate v．摧毁
9．cover (熟词生义) v．巡查
10．locate v．找出……的准确位置
11．plot (熟词生义) n．地块
12．antenna n．天线
13．chaotic adj.混乱的
14．aftermath n．后果，创伤
15．footage n．镜头
16．timber n．木材
17．automatically adv.自动地
18．experiment (熟词生义) v. 进行试验
19．batch n．批
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INCLUDEPICTURE "StructuralLLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/StructuralLLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 1.“It's turned into disaster management，” says Roth, for whom the 3，000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany double as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the title “digital forest ranger” in the German forestry community.[分析]　句中“for whom... solutions”为“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句；“earning him... community ”为现在分词短语作状语。[翻译]　“这已经演变成了灾难管理，”罗斯说。对他而言，位于德国康斯坦茨湖东北岸的3 000英亩森林同时充当了高科技解决方案的测试场，这让他在德国林业界获得了“数字护林员”的称号。2.While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot, drones now let him survey the entire 3，000 acres in days, so he can quickly locate damaged trees, identify and inform the owners of affected plots.[分析]　句中While用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，so引导结果状语从句。[翻译]　尽管过去罗斯步行巡查一英亩林地需要两个半小时，但如今无人机让他在几天内就能巡查完3 000英亩林地，因此他能快速定位受损树木，并识别和通知受影响地块的主人。
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My Uncle Makes a Great Discovery
Excerpt from A Journey to the Center of the Earth
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一个坚定果敢，具有献身精神的科学探险家同他的侄儿和向导汉恩斯按照前人的指引，在地底经过整整三个月的艰辛跋涉，进行科学探险。
Having described my uncle, I will now give an account① of our interview.
He received me in his study②； a perfect museum, containing③ every natural curiosity④ that can well be imagined. Every one was familiar to⑤ me, having⑥ been catalogued⑦ by my own hand. My uncle, apparently⑧ forgot the fact that⑨ he had asked me to his presence, was absorbed in⑩ a book. He was particularly fond of early editions, tall copies, and unique works.
“Wonderful！” he cried, tapping his forehead. “Wonderful—wonderful！”
It was one of those yellow-leaved volumes now rarely found on stalls (货摊), and to me it appeared to possess but little value. My uncle, however, was in raptures .
He admired its binding (封边), the clearness of its characters, the ease with which it opened in his hand, and repeated aloud, half a dozen times, that it was very, very old.
I asked him what it was about. “It is the Heims-Kringla of Snorre Tarleson，”he said, “the celebrated Icelandic (冰岛的) author of the twelfth century—it is a true and correct account of the Norwegian (挪威的) princes who ruled in Iceland.”
My uncle's delight was to have found the original work in the Icelandic tongue, which he declared to be one of the most magnificent and yet simple idioms (方言) in the world.
I was about to venture upon some joke on the subject, when a small scrap of parchment (羊皮纸) fell out of the leaves.
My uncle looked keenly at the document for some moments and then declared that it was Runic (北欧古字). The letters were similar to those in the book, but then what did they mean This was exactly what I wanted to know.
Now as I had a strong conviction that the Runic alphabet and dialect were simply an invention to confuse poor human nature, I was delighted to find that my uncle knew as much about the matter as I did—which was nothing.
The shaking motion of his fingers made me think so.
“And yet，” he muttered to himself, “it is old Icelandic. I am sure of it.”
And my uncle ought to have known, for he was a perfect polyglot (通晓多种语言的) dictionary in himself. He did not pretend to speak the two thousand languages and four thousand idioms made use of in different parts of the globe, but he did know all the more important ones.
It is a matter of great doubt to me now, if the clock had not struck two, and our old French cook called out to let us know that dinner was on the table, what violent measures my uncle's impatience might have led him to.
“Bother the dinner！” cried my uncle.
But as I was hungry, I rushed to the dining room, where I took up my usual spot. Out of politeness I waited three minutes, but no sign of my uncle, the Professor. I was surprised. He was not usually so blind to the pleasure of a good dinner. The dinner was a German luxury —parsley (欧芹) soup, a ham omelette (煎蛋) with trimmings (装饰), an oyster (牡蛎) of stewed beef, delicious fruit, and sparkling Moselle (白葡萄酒). For the sake of this old piece of parchment, my uncle did not come to share our meal. To satisfy my conscience ， I ate for both.
The old cook and housekeeper was nearly out of her mind. After taking so much trouble, to find her master not appear at dinner was to her a sad disappointment —which, as she occasionally watched the havoc (浩劫) I was making on the table, became also alarm. If my uncle were to come to table after all？
Suddenly, just as I had consumed the last apple and drunk the last glass of wine, a terrible voice was heard at no great distance. It was my uncle roaring for me to come to him. I made very nearly one leap of it—so loud, so fierce was his tone.
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①account [熟词生义] n．叙述
②study [熟词生义] n．书房
③此处为v.-ing作定语。
④curiosity n．奇物；珍品
⑤be familiar to...为……所熟悉
⑥此处为v.-ing作定语。
⑦catalogue v．编入目录
⑧apparently adv.明显地
⑨此处为that引导的同位语从句。
⑩be absorbed in全神贯注于
particularly adv.尤其地；特别地
tap v．轻拍
volume n．一册
possess v．拥有
in raptures欣喜若狂
此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
celebrated adj.著名的
original adj.最早的；原作的
此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
magnificent adj.伟大的
venture v．小心地说
scrap n．小块(纸)
keenly adv.热烈地
be similar to...和……相似
conviction n．信念
此处为that引导的同位语从句。
dialect n．方言
mutter v．嘀咕
此处for表示原因。
此处用“助动词do＋动词原形”来强调谓语动词。
此处为虚拟语气。
此处为as引导的原因状语从句。
此处为where引导的定语从句。
out of politeness出于礼貌
luxury n．奢侈
stewed adj.炖制的
for the sake of为了
conscience n．良心；愧疚
此处为抽象名词具体化。
occasionally adv.间或；偶尔
consume v．吃
roar v．咆哮Period 2　Grammar and usage
复习定语从句
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(1)(教材P17)Additionally, you should not ignore the other person's body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not.
此外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，这将会给你提供谈话是否顺利的线索。
(2)(教材P17)Suppose you are discussing a project with your partner, who has just lost an important basketball game and is inactive.
假设你正在和你的搭档讨论一个项目，他/她刚刚输掉了一场很重要的篮球比赛而不活跃。
(3)(教材P20)Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language.
有人说英国和美国是被一种共同语言隔开的两个国家。
(4)(教材P20)I spent one term in the UK, where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking.
我在英国待过一个学期，在这里最大的挑战是说话的间接方式。
(5)(外研选必四U4)As people say, “It takes a village to raise a child.”
正如人们所说：“养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力量。”
(6)The book explains the reason why some people succeed while others fail.
这本书解释了为什么有些人成功而其他人失败。
(7)The season when the leaves change color is my favorite time of year.
树叶变色的季节是我一年中最喜欢的时候。
(8)(人教选必三U3)Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
在此之前，由于游客数量的增加，漓江的水质受到了很大的影响，很多游客经常往河里扔垃圾。
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一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语
2.that和which的用法区别
that 先行词是all、few、little、much、something、 anything、 nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
先行词被the only、the very、the same等限定词修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
which 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且其前有介词时
3.as和which的用法区别
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，意为“正如……、正像……”；从句的谓语动词多为see、know、expect、say、mention、 report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句之后，意为“这一点、这件事”，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
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as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于以下结构：“such＋名词＋as(像……一样的、像……之类的)” “the same＋名词＋as(与……相同)”。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation、 point、 activity、 case、 stage等) 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
2．“名词/代词/数词/比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”通常引导非限制性定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。
3．当“介词＋关系代词”结构在定语从句中作时间、地点或原因状语时，常可以与关系副词when/where/why互换。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4，000 years ago.
2．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist.
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that/which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
4．Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
5．The girl knows three foreign languages, which we all think makes it easier for her to find a good job.
6．(2024·北京卷)I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画).
7．(2024·北京卷)According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that/which lead companies to greatness.
8．As has been demonstrated in multiple studies, regular exercise significantly improves mental health.
9．(2023·全国甲卷)I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something that we don't have a lot of.
10．(2023·浙江卷1月)Instructors are passionate educators who/that are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．他在一所离他家大约500英里的学校学习。
He is studying at a school which/that is about 500 miles away from his home．
2．你应该寻找一些能与有着相同兴趣的人相处的团体活动。
You are expected to find some group activities where/in which you can get along with people who have the same interests．
3．正如报告所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里有所改善。
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
4．你也可以与你信任的人分享你不开心的事情并且倾听他们的建议。
You can also share your unhappy things with somebody whom/who you trust and listen to their suggestions.
5．学生应该获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习很有好处。
Students should have access to more reading materials, which is of great benefit to their language learning．INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025 ·武汉外国语学校期末)Like so many other ABCs(American-Born Chinese)and younger first-and second-generation Chinese immigrants，sisters Sarah and Kaitlin Leung reached a point in their adult lives when they started to long for the Chinese food they'd grown up on, but found it really difficult to learn how to prepare it.There was such a “representation gap”， as Sarah puts it, in terms of what kinds of cuisines were noticeably featured in those early days of TV celebrity chefs and the emerging food blogosphere (博客圈).
As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.Bill, the father, had spent years cooking beef at his family's Chinese American takeout restaurant.Judy, the mom，was born and raised in Shanghai and had deep knowledge about traditional Shanghainese cooking.Meanwhile，the two sisters had grown up in the New Jersey suburbs，eating their parents' food，but also growing in America's own food-obsessed culture.
So, in 2013, the Leungs started The Woks of Life.What distinguished their blog from others was that the intergenerational heritage (传承) of knowledge that the Leungs were so eager for was baked right into the concept—The four family members took turns posting recipes, each sharing their own areas of expert knowledge.
Kaitlin is proud that The Woks of Life follows a long line of pioneers—folks like Joyce Chen，Martin Yan and Ming Tsai，who first started to bring Chinese home cooking into the mainstream in the US.“We feel proud that we have made a meaningful mark over the past decade, indicating that there's a huge demand for these recipes，”she says.“It's about representation，yes，but there's also a huge demand.Asian Americans are looking to reconnect with the food of their heritage.”
Five years ago, you wouldn't have been able to find a ton of Chinese recipes in the food section of The New York Times, Kaitlin notes.Now you can.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了年轻一代的美国华裔在做中国菜时遇到的困难以及“生活的炒锅”博客的诞生和影响。
1．What do the underlined words “representation gap” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．The shortage of Chinese chefs.
B．The lack of Chinese food recipes.
C．The gap between young and ABCs.
D．The difference between chefs and bloggers.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，莎拉和凯特琳是美籍华人，当她们想吃小时候的中式饭菜时，却不知道如何做。由此可推知，莎拉所说的早期电视名厨和新兴的美食博客圈中的“代表性差距”就是缺少中餐食谱的分享。
2．What is the purpose of paragraph 2
A．To prove how unique the Leung sisters are.
B．To show why the Leung sisters prefer Chinese food.
C．To point out the Leungs' advantage to start a food blog.
D．To stress the Leung sisters' love for home-cooking food.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As it turns out，though，the Leungs were uniquely positioned to do something about it.”以及本段下文的叙述可推知，本段介绍了为什么这一家人有条件创建博客来改变人们没有途径学习烹饪中餐的情况。
3．What makes The Woks of Life special
A．The concept of baking food.
B．The large number of followers.
C．The bloggers' way of posting recipes.
D．The intergenerational heritage of knowledge.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What distinguished their blog from others...their own areas of expert knowledge.”可知，他们的博客与其他博客的不同之处在于烹饪知识的代际传承。
4．What is the significance of The Woks of Life
A．It strengthens bonds between individuals.
B．It marks the popularity of Chinese cuisine.
C．It has developed many new Chinese recipes.
D．It links Asian Americans with their food tradition.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Asian Americans are looking to reconnect with the food of their heritage.”可推知，这个博客让亚裔美国人和他们的饮食传统建立起联系。
B
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(2025·湖南高二联考)Our future selves used to be a riddle.Now, thanks to social media filters (滤镜), we can stare them right in the face.People fell in love with social media this month to share themselves “aging” in real time using a filter “Time Travel”.Set to a sad song, the effect shows the user's face slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles and sunspots.
Camera filters that age you have been around for years.But advancements in AI are making the results more real.Doctor Aleksandra Brown said the “Time Travel” filter does well in guessing how a given face would age.
As we get older, our facial skin thins, fat dissolves (溶解) and gravity pulls everything downward.Not everyone is pleased about this.One of Brown's friends didn't like watching time fly past.She couldn't stand watching herself age 50 years in 15 seconds—could life really go by that fast Brown cried herself after using the aging effect on her own young daughter.She won't live to see her daughter get that old, she pointed out.
For other people, the “Time Travel” filter brought up unexpected positive feelings. A man named Bennett shared a video saying his own filtered face recalled happy memories of his late father.Nicole Loehle, a 24-year-old in New Jersey, tested the effect with her boyfriend.It gave her a new viewpoint, she said, she could imagine the relationship lasting into their old age.
There's no correct way to age.But it's important to remember that no one can stop time or undo its effects.“I keep trying to view aging as a gift，” Brown said.“Some people don't get to age, unluckily.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“时间旅行”滤镜会显示出人变老的过程，且此滤镜给人们带来的感受各不相同。
5．What can people do with the “Time Travel” filter
A．Recover from a sad mood.
B．Recall their happy childhood.
C．Foresee their aging appearance.
D．Remove their wrinkles and sunspots.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People fell in love with...slowly getting older, complete with wrinkles and sunspots.”可知，“时间旅行”滤镜能使人们看到他们衰老的容貌。
6．What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A．Reminder of the flight of time.
B．Instructions on using the aging filter.
C．Working principle of the aging filter.
D．Reactions to the aging effect of the filter.
D　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Not everyone is pleased about this...she pointed out.”以及第四段中的“For other people, the ‘Time Travel’ filter brought up unexpected positive feelings.”可推知，第三段和第四段主要介绍的是不同的人对“时间旅行”滤镜下的衰老效果的不同反应。
7．What is Brown's attitude towards aging
A．Optimistic. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Ambiguous.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘I keep trying to view aging as a gift，’ Brown said.”可推知，布朗对于变老持积极乐观的态度。
8．What can be the best title for the passage
A．“Time Travel”： Slowly or Quickly
B．“Time Travel”： to Enjoy or to Suffer
C．“Time Travel”： to Develop or to Drop
D．“Time Travel”： Backward or Forward
B　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一、二段内容可知，人们通过“时间旅行”滤镜，可以看到自己慢慢变老的过程，根据第三、四、五段内容可知，不同的人对“时间旅行”的衰老效果有不同的反应，有些人觉得是享受，而有些人觉得是在受折磨。B项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友汤姆(Tom)注意到全球兴起了“汉语学习热 (Chinese learning craze)”，写信向你询问，请你按照以下要点给他写一封回信。
1.汉语学习热的现象；
2.汉语学习热的原因。
注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
It is true that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese.There are two main reasons contributing to Chinese learning craze.
Firstly, with the development of Chinese economy, more and more foreigners would like to invest in China, do business with Chinese people and travel around China, all of which can be done better by communicating in Chinese.Chinese long and rich culture inspires foreigners to learn more about China.That is another reason of Chinese learning craze.
It can be predicated that with the continuous development of China，the Chinese learning craze will keep booming.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mr.Riley's room was just past the bathrooms on the left side of the hall across from the lockers, which, for some reason, we were not allowed to use. He stood in the doorway, hands in pockets, and welcomed us into the classroom every day. He was a nice enough guy, but he was so pretentious (自命不凡的) that most students disliked him. And I was in general agreement with my classmates that none of us was supposed to like anything that went on in his class.
Then we read All Summer in a Day by Ray Bradbury in his class. I didn't think I'd like the short story at first, about a girl who lived on Venus (金星). Oh gosh, a sci-fi story. Not my favorite，I thought. I was prepared to roll my eyes along with the kids around me, to signal my discontent with Mr. Riley. However, after the opening paragraphs I felt an electrifying sense, because something about this story felt so close to me. Something about a world where the rain never stopped and where a girl felt lonely and misunderstood by those around her cut me to the heart. And suddenly my desk, the classroom, Mr. Riley's voice all fell away as I traveled through space and stood invisible on Venus, free to feel all that happens to this girl, Margot.
The story doesn't end happily. The children who treat Margot terribly remain terrible. None of them becomes her friend. And Margot is left in a state of sorrow and exposed to various forms of hardship.
Maybe I should have hated the story, with its unsatisfying conclusion. But instead I loved it. I loved the honesty. I loved how the ending did not lie to me or try to make me feel better, but instead revealed a kind of truth that most people don't often reveal to children: sometimes there are no happy endings. And while we are capable of surviving cruelty, we do not do so completely unaffected.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Mr. Riley made us write a continuation of the story by creating a new ending.______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Unexpectedly, Mr. Riley read my ending to the class the next day.______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
One possible version：
Mr. Riley made us write a continuation of the story by creating a new ending. I felt a deep sense of responsibility to Margot, so I decided to give her a good ending. In my version, Margot found acceptance and formed friendships she longed for, and the children who were once unfriendly to her came to understand her struggles. The sun finally shone not just in the sky of Venus, but also in Margot's life, bringing warmth and hope to her heart.
Unexpectedly, Mr. Riley read my ending to the class the next day. I could feel my heart pounding, unsure of how my classmates would react. As Mr. Riley read, I watched their faces closely. To my surprise, there was no ridicule and no eye rolls. Instead, there was quiet attention, a sense of collective eagerness for the happy twist I had crafted. When Mr. Riley finished, he looked up and said，“This, my friends, is the power of storytelling. It allows us to reshape the world, even if just in our minds.” For the first time, I saw respect in his eyes, and maybe, just maybe, a glimmer of pride.INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/读后续写1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
爸爸种植玫瑰花让家庭和谐
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时间、地点、天气等作主语时，通常被视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式且往往使用“(使)看见”“(使)听见”等。
请给下列句子选择合适的谓语进行搭配并进行翻译。
find　finds　found　saw　witnessed　greeted
1．Late-night lights find senior students buried in textbooks, who fight for their future.
译文：深夜的灯发现高三学生埋头于课本之中，他们为自己的未来而战。
2．The quiet room saw her reciting English words diligently, who was determined to enlarge her vocabulary.
译文：安静的房间看见她勤奋地背诵英语单词，她决心扩大词汇量。
3．Three years of high school witnessed his transformation from a freshman to an excellent graduate.
译文：三年高中生活见证了他从新生蜕变为优秀的毕业生。
4．A warm notebook greeted her after a frustrating math class, filled with encouraging words from her deskmate.
译文：一节令人挫败的数学课后，一本温暖的笔记本迎接了她，里面满是同桌的鼓励话语。
5．The playground found students cheering for athletes during the school sports meeting, their voices echoing through the campus.
译文：操场发现同学们在校运会上为运动员呐喊，他们的声音在校园里回荡。
6．The classroom saw teachers and students discussing learning strategies together.
译文：教室看见老师和学生一起讨论学习策略。
7．The school library witnessed countless group study sessions, where teammates helped each other solve difficult problems.
译文：学校图书馆见证了无数次小组学习，队友们在那里互相帮助解决难题。
8．Warm applause from the audience greeted the graduates at the graduation ceremony, celebrating their successful completion of high school.
译文：毕业典礼上，观众的热烈掌声迎接毕业生，庆祝他们顺利完成高中学业。
9．In spring, the path in campus garden frequently finds students stopping to admire cherry blossoms and taking photos to record the beautiful moment.
译文：春天，校园花园里的小径常常发现学生们驻足欣赏樱花，并拍照记录这美好的瞬间。
10．The school garden has witnessed the growth of vegetables planted by students, from seeds in spring to harvest in autumn.
译文：学校菜园见证了学生们种下的蔬菜从春天播种到秋日收获的成长过程。
11．Cool autumn winds greeted students coming back to school, carrying the fragrance of osmanthus.
译文：秋日凉风迎来返校的学子，空气中裹挟着桂花的芬芳。
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]When I was young, my father was a secondary school teacher in Edensor, England. As the breadwinner of my family, he was deeply engaged in his school responsibilities during my childhood. Consequently, I often felt distant from him because he had few moments to talk or interact with me. My mother, a full-time housewife, managed the household and took care of my younger brother and me. The back garden of our house was a special place for me; it was not only a secure spot for kids but also my dad's favorite hobby area. Whenever he was home, he would spend most of his spare time looking after his treasured roses, which my mother also adored.
[2]My father would care for his roses with great devotion and affection. Often, I would watch beside him, curious or eager for his attention, but he was usually preoccupied (全神贯注). He regularly watered the roses, cleaned the leaves, loosened and turned over the soil, and fed them with essential nutrients. His expectation was the joy and sweetness brought by their blossoming.
[3]One day, I saw him cut off some branches and stems. Then, with a sharp knife, he carefully made marks on the main branches. He cut open the marked spots to insert sprouts (嫩枝) into those new cuts and wrapped them with bandages. After all his efforts, he reminded us never to touch them. From then on, whenever my father returned home from work, he would go straight to tend to those plants.
[4]Within a month, we all witnessed the entire process: tender stems grow, form buds, and finally bear blossoms in various colors. The garden soon became a place of immense beauty, filled with rose blossoms and surrounded by their sweet fragrance. My parents truly enjoyed themselves there, and so did my brother Tommy and I. Those roses brought us immense happiness, and no one, especially me, wanted to let go of such beauty.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
One sunny day, I decided to do something as my dad had done to have more roses. _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Later that day, when my dad saw the great mess I had made, he was totally shocked. ________________________________________
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【When & Where】
[1]When I was young, my father was a secondary school teacher in Edensor, England.
[1]The back garden of our house was a special place for me; it was not only a secure spot for kids but also my dad's favorite hobby area.
【Who】
I, my father (deeply engaged in his school responsibilities), my mother (a full-time housewife), my brother Tommy
【What & Why】
[1]Whenever he was home, he would spend most of his spare time looking after his treasured roses, which my mother also adored.
[2]My father would care for his roses with great devotion and affection...He regularly watered the roses, cleaned the leaves, loosened and turned over the soil, and fed them with essential nutrients.
[3]One day, I saw him cut off some branches and stems.Then, with a sharp knife, he carefully made marks on the main branches. He cut open the marked spots to insert sprouts into those new cuts and wrapped them with bandages.
[4]Within a month, we all witnessed the entire process．..The garden soon became a place of immense beauty, filled with rose blossoms and surrounded by their sweet fragrance.
【How】
[1]Consequently, I often felt distant from him because he had few moments to talk or interact with me.
[2]Often, I would watch beside him, curious or eager for his attention, but he was usually preoccupied.
[4]My parents truly enjoyed themselves there, and so did my brother Tommy and I. Those roses brought us immense happiness, and no one, especially me, wanted to let go of such beauty.
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From that day on, he spent more time teaching me about gardening, and our relationship bloomed like those beautiful roses in the garden.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/箭头LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 三构思——QA模式：构思每段三个微情节
根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1]　What did I plan to do
[Answer] I took a pair of scissors and planned to do my work.
[Question 2]　What did I do
[Answer] I made the cuts, made the marks and inserted sprouts into those new cuts.
[Question 3]　What was the result？(和第二段段首句衔接)
[Answer] I caused a great mess.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1]　How did I feel
[Answer] I was terrified, fearing that my dad was angry.
[Question 2]　What did my dad do
[Answer] Instead of scolding, he showed me how to do the job properly.
[Question 3]　What is the end of the story
[Answer] From that day on, he spent more time teaching me about gardening, and our relationship bloomed like those beautiful roses in the garden.
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特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
One sunny day, I decided to do something as my dad had done to have more roses. ________________________________________________
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Later that day, when my dad saw the great mess I had made, he was totally shocked. _____________________________________________
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One possible version：
One sunny day, I decided to do something as my dad had done to have more roses. Without telling anyone, I took a pair of scissors and began my “gardening project”．(微情节一：“我”为计划做准备) I carefully selected a few branches, and with trembling hands, I made the first cut, hoping it would lead to a new rose. I then made clumsy marks on the remaining stems and tried to insert any twigs I could find.(微情节二：“我”开始了“花园计划”) The garden soon turned into a chaotic scene, with cut branches and scattered leaves everywhere. I was so absorbed in my work that I failed to notice how much of a mess I had created, thinking I was on my way to making the garden even more beautiful.(微情节三：“我”把花园变得混乱不堪)
Later that day, when my dad saw the great mess I had made, he was totally shocked. He froze on the spot and his eyes widened in disbelief as he stared at the damaged roses. At first, I was terrified, fearing that he was angry. (微情节一：“我”非常害怕，担心父亲生气)But instead of scolding, he gently asked why I did this. I tearfully told him I wanted to grow more roses like he did. He took a deep breath, his initial shock giving way to a gentle smile. Kneeling beside me, he placed a hand on my shoulder and said, “Let me show you how it's really done.” (微情节二：父亲没有责骂而是向“我”展示如何正确做这项工作)From that day on, he spent more time teaching me about gardening, and our relationship bloomed like those beautiful roses in the garden.(微情节三：父亲教“我”种植鲜花，父子俩关系更亲密了)
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　　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to string a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.①That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home.②
As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can come up with.These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy.③ Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. INCLUDEPICTURE "手LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/手LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　背铺灰语料，积续写基石
[话题]
人与自我——个人经历——外国人在意大利
[内容概要]
文章讲述了作者在意大利定居的经历，展现了意大利人的热情好客和丰富的饮食文化。
[注释]
①旅行中遇到的困难及鼓励
②充满善意的邻居的行为
③欢乐场景的描写单元过关检测(二)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is Mary's attitude toward her own decision
A．Firm.
B．Ambiguous.
C．Surprised.
2．Which train will the woman take
A．The 6：15 one.
B．The 6：45 one.
C．The 8：15 one.
3．Where are the speakers
A．In a hotel.
B．In a restaurant.
C．At home.
4．What does the woman think of Professor Wong's lecture
A．Boring.
B．Interesting.
C．Easy to understand.
5．What does the woman want to do
A．See a film with the man.
B．Offer the man some help.
C．Listen to some great music.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What's the mother doing now
A．Watching TV.
B．Cooking.
C．Doing some cleaning.
7．What can we infer from the dialogue
A．The boy is untidy.
B．The boy is naughty.
C．The boy is diligent.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where is the woman going
A．To Paris.
B．To Amsterdam.
C．To M?laga.
9．What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Friends.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Strangers.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What did the woman do on Friday
A．She prepared for the exam.
B．She had a history lesson.
C．She went on a class field trip.
11．Why is it easy to see different rocks in the desert
A．There are very few plants.
B．It is always bright and sunny.
C．The winds blow the sands away.
12．What will the speakers probably do next Saturday
A．Visit the desert.
B．Go to the mountains.
C．Attend a history class.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the woman's problem
A．Her brother is disturbing her.
B．She reviews nothing for the exams.
C．She lacks some studying tools.
14．What does the man advise the woman to do
A．Borrow a dictionary.
B．Go to the library to study.
C．Ask her parents for help.
15．What is the woman embarrassed at
A．Remembering little from History.
B．Writing down what she has read.
C．Reviewing by singing her notes.
16．What is the most probable relationship between the speakers
A．Colleagues.
B．Schoolmates.
C．Teacher and student.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What time does the ride begin
A．At 8：30 a．m.
B．At 10：00 a．m.
C．At 11：30 a．m.
18．What will the listeners probably do at 12：30 p．m.
A．Take photos.
B．Have lunch.
C．Feed the horses.
19．What are useless for riding
A．Warm clothes.
B．Hard hats.
C．Sports shoes.
20．What is included in the price
A．The cost of food.
B．The cost of equipment.
C．The cost of hotel rooms.
答案：1～5.ABBBA　6～10.CAACC
11～15.ABACC　16～20.BCACB
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Mary, do you have a minute I would like to have a word with you.
W：OK.I want to talk to you, too.
M：I received your e-mail just now.You can't imagine how surprised I was when you mentioned that you decided to leave the job.
W：Yes.I've made up my mind.①
(Text 2)
W：Hello, I'd like to make a reservation for two tickets to London on Friday evening.
M：OK, let me see.The 6：15, 6：45, and 8：15 trains still have seats available.Which one would you like
W：I'll take the 6：45 one.②
(Text 3)
W：Good evening, sir. Our special this evening is seafood.Would you like to try it？③
M：Yeah, that sounds great.And a glass of ice water, please.
(Text 4)
M：What do you think of Professor Wong's lecture about the history of civilization
W：Well，I have to say I'm impressed by his lively talk.④
(Text 5)
W：Thanks for all you've done for me. Hey, listen, would you like to go to see a film sometime？⑤
M：Yeah, that'd be great！I'd love it.
(Text 6)
M：Mum, can you stop using the dust collector？⑥ I can hardly hear!
W：You've been watching that silly series for 2 hours.I really hate to ask, but have you cleaned your own bedroom
M：Here we go again.What's the point of asking again and again
W：If you don't finish it, no allowance for this week.You'd better finish it before dinner.
M：OK, I will.
W：And another thing—you ought to know better than to make a mess on the floor.⑦
M：Don't worry.I'll clean it up in a minute.
(Text 7)
W：Are you going to Paris, too？⑧
M：Actually, I'm going to Paris first, and then to Amsterdam.I'd like to visit museums in these two cities.
W：May I ask where you're from？⑨
M：I'm from Spain.
W：Oh, I went to M?laga once, about five years ago.It was beautiful.
M：I'm glad you liked it.So，where are you from？⑨
W：I'm from China.
M：Oh, I've been to China.
(Text 8)
M：I didn't see you in the history class on Friday.Where have you been
W：I wasn't here on Friday.My geography class went on a field trip to look at some of the different rocks.⑩ In fact, we stayed there for one night.
M：Really That sounds excellent.Where did you go
W：A desert.It gets hot during the day, but it cools off very quickly at night.It is very dry there.
M：Well, did you enjoy the trip
W：Of course I did.The desert is nicer than you might think.Since there are so few plants growing there, it's very easy to see different rocks. And the natural colors of the rocks shine in the sun.You should really go there to have a look.
M：I really want to go there.
W：Well，my class will organize another tour to the mountains next Saturday. Are you interested in it
M：Sure.Count me in.
(Text 9)
M：Hi, Georgia.How are you
W：Hi.Not so good.I'm getting really annoyed with my little brother Jim at the moment.I'm trying to review for my exams and he keeps stopping me from working. Sometimes he listens to music late at night with his radio on loudly; sometimes he borrows something from me that I need to use for studying, like my dictionary or computer.I can't concentrate on my work for more than a few minutes.It's terrible.
M：You should ask your parents to deal with your brother. Your exams are more important.Your parents understand that.
W：That's a good idea, Matthew.I'll ask my dad for help tonight.My brother will listen to him.And I'll also think about going to the library at the weekend.It's nice to have a change sometimes when you're studying.How's your review going, Matthew
M：My problem is that I just can't remember anything from History.I read a page and then ten minutes later I've forgotten it.
W：That's not unusual.You should try writing down what you've just read.It's amazing how much more you will remember that way.Sometimes I even sing my notes. It's a bit embarrassing， but it will help to remember lots of information.
M：Yes.I'll try those ideas.
(Text 10)
M：Well, thank you for inviting me here today to talk to you about the riding and holiday centre I run.
Let me tell you about a normal day's activities. You'll probably be pleased to know we don't make you get up too early! We have our breakfast at 8：30. After that, we begin at 10 o'clock by getting the horses ready. You need to make sure you have the right equipment before the ride begins at about 11：30.
For the first few miles we go quite slowly, breaking for about an hour at midday, near a beach or a lake where you can take photos or sunbathe. At about 1：00 p．m., we have packed lunch together. We arrive back at the Centre at about 4：00 p．m.
Everyone has to wear a hard hat and these are available free of charge at the Centre. Sports shoes are no good for riding, I'm afraid. Strong shoes or boots with a small heel are best. Warm clothes such as jeans and sweaters, and a small shoulder bag for carrying a packed lunch are useful.
And now for the price. Well, a four-day holiday is ￡292 per person and that includes the riding and the equipment. The cost of food and hotel rooms is not included.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Want to feel more satisfied with life We picked out these five books that will promote your life.
Finding Your Element by Ken Robinson
Everyone has a passion.If you don't know what yours is，it just means you haven't discovered it yet.Or perhaps you have, but it was dismissed early in life.Find out how you can break daily routine and find your calling in life.
Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman
Did you know if your pulse rate rises above 100 bpm，you're likely too emotional to think calmly You probably let feelings cloud your judgment more often than you know. Goleman explains how you can avoid letting your emotions rule you and make better decisions in life.
How Will You Measure Your Life by Clayton M．Christensen, James Allworth and Karen Dillon
Are you making the right balance in life While career achievements can be satisfying，neglecting your family and friends can be harmful in the long run—in ways you can't even imagine.
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie
Ever wondered why you can't stop worrying about something No matter how hard you try，are you focused on the same issue By defining the source of your stress, you can get over it once and for all.Carnegie came up with a timeless formula (公式) that helps you tackle any overthinking situation.
Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don't Do by Amy Morin
Do you spare no effort to get over your failures Or concentrate on things out of your control Getting over these obstacles can have a significant influence on your everyday life.Morin shares how her most successful therapy patients overcame these difficulties.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了五本能够提升生活质量的书。
21．In which aspect do all the five books benefit their readers
A．Offering them medical treatments.
B．Teaching them how to survive longer.
C．Giving them appropriate life guidance.
D．Helping them solve any life challenge.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这五本书对读者有益的方面是给予他们恰当的生活指导。
22．When are you most likely to make a wise decision
A．When you ignore your friends.
B．When you control your emotion.
C．When you break daily routine.
D．When you overthink the same issue.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman部分中的“Did you know if...often than you know.”可推知，人在能控制自己的情绪的时候，是最有可能做出明智决定的。
23．Which book is most helpful for people struggling against failures
A．Finding Your Element.
B．How Will You Measure Your Life
C．How to Stop Worrying and Start Living.
D．Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don't Do.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，对正在与失败作斗争的人最有帮助的书是Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don't Do。
B
One day last year, Cathy Wood's family home in Manchester was disturbingly quiet.Her daughters, 19 and 21, were revising for exams.She says she and her husband “hardly saw anything of them...I was a bit fed up.” Bored and frustrated, she bought a 45kg bunch of secondhand clothes, without knowing what she was going to do with it.
Wood, a former teacher of English, has always loved clothes.At university, Wood hung out with the fashion students and sewed her own new romantic outfits.Wood, now 62, enjoyed shopping for vintage (老款) clothing and had even discussed getting a shop with a friend, but the rents put them off.A week or so after the bunch arrived, she booked a stall (货摊) at West Didsbury Makers Market.
Standing at her first market stall was a wholly new experience though.“It was very different from teaching.You need just the right amount of contact with people.” Wood sold four pieces at her first market, which paid for the stall and left a small surplus (盈余).Now, she sometimes returns home with 30 empty coat hangers.But it was the contact with customers and fellow traders that she found most rewarding.“It's a lovely environment.You chat and get to know each other.I really enjoyed it.” she says.
Sometimes, in quiet moments on the stall, she takes out her mending and thinks of her mother and grandmother.“My grandmother taught art and crafts, and both she and my mother spent a lot of time with the sewing machine, teaching me to sew，” she says. “What these clothes do is transport me back to different times when things were easier for me.They give me a pleasurable feeling.Nostalgia (怀旧) can be a good thing in that way.”
After she stopped teaching, “I started to feel like a non person，” she says. “The market stall has given me status in my own mind to be part of the community, contributing something, to be somebody people talk to, somebody people smile at.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位退休英语教师卖二手服装，并在这个过程中重新实现了自我价值的故事。
24．Why did Wood sell secondhand clothes
A．To keep her friend company.
B．To pick up her sewing skills.
C．To kill her boring retirement life.
D．To pay her daughter's schooling fees.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bored and frustrated...going to do with it.”可知，伍德卖二手服装是因为她想结束她无聊的退休生活。
25．What does Wood find most rewarding in her business
A．The profits earned from the business.
B．The communication with other people.
C．The competition with different traders.
D．The environment of the market stall.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But it was the contact with customers and fellow traders that she found most rewarding.”可知，伍德觉得自己的生意最有益的是与其他人的沟通。
26．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Her grandmother and mother.
B．Art and crafts.
C．The secondhand clothes.
D．The good old days.
D　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词上文“What these clothes do is transport me back to different times when things were easier for me.”可知，二手服装把伍德带回到过去美好的日子，并给她一种愉悦的感觉。They指代“过去美好的日子”。
27．What does Wood say concerning her secondhand clothes business
A．It has made her a worthy person.
B．It has improved her marketing skills.
C．It has helped her to be a funny person.
D．It has made her community much richer.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The market stall has given me...somebody people smile at.”可知，伍德认为二手服装生意使她成了一个有价值的人。
C
Our planet Earth is full of life and has incredible biodiversity. Biological diversity or biodiversity is the base of human existence and fundamental to its well-being. Species are the building blocks of this life on Earth, and it is believed that the species that are at present globally found have continuously evolved over 65 million years since the last mass extinction. However, the nature and extent of our planet's biodiversity at all levels have not been completely evaluated yet. Thus, the exact number of species found in the world remains unknown. Over the years, with the advancement of scientific knowledge and the discovery of more new species, it has been approximated that there are, at present, 10 million to 14 million species on Earth, of which 1.2 million species have been data-based. This means that still more than 86% of the terrestrial (陆生的) and 91% of the marine species remain unknown.
Every year, taxonomists (分类学家) describe thousands of species，some of which are completely new to science, while in some cases, the species and subspecies are closely examined and determined whether they can be considered distinct species.
A study has revealed that over 99.9% of all species amounting to more than 5 billion species that ever lived here, are believed to be extinct. At present, our planet houses millions of species, among which 86% live on land, 13% in the deep subsurface, and a mere 1% in the oceans. However, biodiversity is not evenly distributed on Earth, and its number varies greatly on different continents.
The undiscovered and misidentified species slow our ability to understand patterns and changes in global biodiversity and the rate of species extinctions. Even after several years of taxonomic studies, only 14% of terrestrial species and 9% of marine species have been officially added to the central database. Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球上存在的生物多样性和物种的数量。
28．What does the underlined word “marine” mean in paragraph 1
A．Rare. B．Oceanic.
C．Endangered. D．Novel.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 86% of the terrestrial”可知，画线词与“陆生的”相对，即“海生的”。
29．What do taxonomists usually do
A．Examine distribution of species.
B．Compare species from subspecies.
C．Decide the situation of the species.
D．Describe diversity of new-found species.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“while in some cases...considered distinct species”可知，分类学家通常会确定物种的情况。
30．Which of the following can describe the distribution of the Earth's biodiversity
A．Unequal. B．Accumulative.
C．Average. D．Maximum.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, biodiversity is not...greatly on different continents.”可知，地球上生物多样性的分布是不均的。
31．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The central database covers all species.
B．The rate of species extinctions is rather high.
C．Many undiscovered species have been extinct.
D．Humans know little about endangered species.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Necessarily, some species will become extinct before researchers realize they ever existed.”可推知，许多未被发现的物种已经灭绝。
D
A major scientific achievement has been recognized with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This award was given to a team using machine learning to solve a big problem in biology: predicting and designing the 3D shapes of proteins. Most of this work was done at a tech company, marking a notable shift that high-level scientific research can also originate outside traditional academic settings.
Proteins are crucial for our bodies and are involved in almost every biological process. The shape of a protein determines its function. If a protein is shaped incorrectly, it can cause serious diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes. Historically, predicting a protein's shape from its amino acid sequence (序列) was very difficult and puzzled scientists for decades.
The breakthrough happened with A-Fold, a machine learning program that can accurately predict protein structures from their amino acid sequences. This tool has changed the field, providing insights into the structure of over 200 million proteins so far. This data is expected to speed up progress in medicine and drug development, opening new ways to treat diseases.
The tech company's success with A-Fold also underscores the growing impact of artificial intelligence in various scientific domains, showing that AI can tackle complex biological problems and contribute to critical advancements in health and medicine.
The Nobel Prize committee awarded this work to highlight the value of combining different areas in science, where technology and biology meet to create amazing results. This achievement not only shows what AI can do but also sets an example for future scientific projects that combine technology with traditional research to address global problems.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能预测和设计蛋白质结构，该团队凭此获得了诺贝尔化学奖。
32．Why was the team awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
A．They discovered a cure for Alzheimer's and diabetes.
B．They analyzed the functions of essential body elements.
C．They worked out protein structures with a machine learning program.
D．They created a new way to treat diseases through traditional research.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This award was given to a team...designing the 3D shapes of proteins.”可知，该团队使用机器学习程序解决了蛋白质结构的问题。
33．Why is the shape of a protein critical to its function
A．It leads to the development of the diseases.
B．It offers insights into the structure of protein.
C．It speeds up the progress of medicine and drug.
D．It affects the protein's role in biological processes.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Proteins are crucial for our bodies...The shape of a protein determines its function.”可知，蛋白质的形状影响其在生物过程中的作用。
34．What does the underlined word “underscores” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Minimizes. B．Highlights.
C．Questions. D．Overlooks.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，阿尔法折叠的成功凸显了人工智能在各个领域的影响力，因此画线词与B项意思相近，意为“强调，突出”。
35．What possibility does the author imply about the future of scientific research
A．A new focus on solving biological problems.
B．An amazing change in academic research settings.
C．An increase in joint efforts between different fields.
D．A lessened dependence on machine learning techniques.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Nobel Prize committee awarded this work...meet to create amazing results.”可推知，作者暗示了未来科学研究的一个可能性是不同领域之间的合作将增加。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shock is the feeling of losing direction experienced by someone suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture and way of life. 36._________This guide will inform you of the different stages of culture shock, helping you be better mentally prepared.
The Honeymoon Stage
The first stage of culture shock is often overwhelmingly positive, during which travelers become fascinated with the language, people and food when they're exposed to the new surroundings. 37._________On short trips, the honeymoon phase may take over the entire experience as the later effects of culture shock don't have time to set in.
The Frustration Stage
Frustration may be the most difficult stage of culture shock and is probably familiar to anyone who has lived abroad or who travels frequently. At this stage, the stress of not understanding gestures, signs and the language and the stress of miscommunication may be happening frequently. Small things—losing keys, missing the bus or not being able to easily order food in a restaurant—may trigger frustration. 38._________These are common phenomena that people tend to see as natural reactions.
The Adjustment Stage
39．_________Navigation becomes easier, friends and communities of support are established and details of local languages may become more recognizable during the adjustment stage. People are comfortable with the cultures, people, food and languages of new environments.
The Acceptance Stage
Generally—though sometimes weeks, months or years after wrestling with the emotional stages outlined above—the final stage of culture shock is acceptance. Acceptance doesn't mean that new cultures or languages are fully grasped. 40._________During the acceptance stage, travelers have the familiarity and are able to draw together the resources they need to feel at ease.
A．It will fade out eventually as a result.
B．It can be a difficult and overwhelming time.
C．Travelers interpret culture shock in unexpected ways.
D．People realize a complete understanding isn't necessary.
E．The experience seems like the greatest decision ever made.
F．Frustration often moderates as travelers begin feeling familiar.
G．Then, enormous depression and homesickness are bound to follow.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化冲击以及它的四个阶段。
36．B　解析：根据上文“Culture shock is the feeling...and way of life.”和下文“This guide will inform you...be better mentally prepared.”可知，空处应是说文化冲击很难应对。B项符合语境。
37．E　解析：上文提到文化冲击的第一阶段通常是非常积极的，下文指出在短途旅行中，“蜜月阶段”可能占领了整个旅程，文化冲击的后期影响还没来得及产生。由此可推知，空处应是“蜜月阶段”的积极感受。E项承接上文，符合语境。
38．G　解析：上文提到一些生活中的小事情可能引起沮丧，下文说人们倾向于认为这些都是自然反应的普遍现象。下文中的“These”指代上文内容，因此空处内容应与沮丧有关。G项承上启下，符合语境。
39．F　解析：根据下文“Navigation becomes easier...during the adjustment stage.”可知，此处说的是心态变好的情况。F项是下文的总结，下文解释了F项，F项符合语境。
40．D　解析：上文提到，一般来说，文化冲击的最后阶段是接受，接受并不意味着完全掌握新的文化或语言。D项符合语境，且D项中的“complete understanding”与上文中的“fully grasped”相呼应。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In my work as a vocational school teacher over here in Germany, some of my classes are filled with students of different 41 . Whether they are new to the country or have been here for a few years, their German skills are relatively 42 . Some of these students who manage to complete their three-year apprenticeships (学徒期) may actually continue to go to school to 43 qualifications so they can attend university.
In the past few years, I have 44 them aside and given them tips on how to enhance their 45 skills. And I have given them tips on how to integrate themselves into the German culture better.
Last week, I took three young men aside and gave them tips on how to improve their German such as joining sports clubs, finding ways to build their 46 beyond class. After class, I actually even took a couple of them to a noticeboard which 47 valuable information on a poster and they were 48 for this little gesture that only took a minute of my time.
I do not get any extra 49 for offering this sort of advice and I have sacrificed one 50 or two over the years but I feel it is important to help the 51 in what I consider a valuable way because once they pass their 52 they will be likely to set up a home and spend their working life here.
Good integration is so important as it builds 53 and expands horizons. It makes me happy to 54 my knowledge as a language teacher and spread the 55 in everyday life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年来，作者利用课余时间，无偿向学生提供提高语言技能和融入德国文化的建议，帮助这些年轻人通过考试，在当地安家立业的故事。
41．A．ages B．interests
C．nationalities D．majors
C　解析：根据下文“Whether they are new to the country or have been here for a few years”可知，学生们来自不同的国家(nationality)。
42．A．outdated B．superb
C．practical D．weak
D　解析：根据下文“given them tips on how...into the German culture better”可知，他们的德语技能相对较弱(weak)。
43．A．attain B．update
C．rate D．confirm
A　解析：根据下文“so they can attend university”可知，此处指获得(attain)资格证书，以便上大学。
44．A．pulled B．pushed
C．taken D．cast
C　解析：根据下文“I took three young men aside”可知，作者把他们带(take)到一边。
45．A．movement B．management
C．language D．thinking
C　解析：根据下文“And I have given them tips...the German culture better.”可知，作者给他们提供了一些提高语言(language)技巧的建议。
46．A．influence B．vocabulary
C．creativity D．intelligence
B　解析：根据上文“on how to improve their German”和“finding ways to build their”可知，作者提供了在课外提高词汇(vocabulary)量的建议。
47．A．stored B．displayed
C．analysed D．protected
B　解析：根据上文“a noticeboard”和常识可知，公告板用来展示(display)有用的信息。
48．A．sympathetic B．excited
C．sorry D．grateful
D　解析：根据语境可知，作者帮助学生，他们自然是感激的(grateful)。
49．A．permission B．feedback
C．approval D．money
D　解析：根据上文“I do not get any extra”可知，作者是无偿帮助他们的，并没有得到额外的钱(money)。
50．A．break B．opportunity
C．project D．dream
A　解析：根据上文“I have sacrificed one”可知，作者牺牲了休息(break)时间。
51．A．employers B．farmers
C．youngsters D．politicians
C　解析：根据第一段内容和第三段第一句可推知，作者帮助的是年轻人(youngster)。
52．A．responsibilities B．exams
C．laws D．boundaries
B　解析：根据语境和常识可知，学生是要通过考试(exam)的。
53．A．teams B．houses
C．bridges D．classrooms
C　解析：根据上文“builds”和下文“expands horizons”可知，此处指搭建桥梁(bridge)。
54．A．share B．broaden
C．acquire D．receive
A　解析：根据下文“as a language teacher”可知，老师的职责是分享(share)自己的知识，传授给学生。
55．A．happiness B．kindness
C．peace D．hope
B　解析：根据上文可知，作者无偿为自己的学生提供建议，帮助他们提高德语技能，这是一种善意(kindness)。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Food has the power to bring people together, and culinary (烹饪的) tourism provides a platform for cultural exchange, while boosting the local economy.
56．______(organize) by local authorities, a just-finished rural food festival in Baojing County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao autonomous region, Hunan Province, 57.______(demonstrate) the power of food as a gateway to different cultures, offering an insight into their traditions, customs and values.
Held from Nov.15 to Nov.19, the event showed a 58.______(combine) of distinctive culinary skills, local talents, agricultural products, and the cultures of teams from three different ethnic groups. Every day, six different cities and regions in Hunan gathered 59.______(cook) delicious dishes and demonstrate local arts.
From traditional artworks, including wood carving, paper cutting and folk dances, 60.___________different martial arts from the Miao ethnic group, the festival has woven in 61.______(culture) heritage, enriching the culinary showcase with energetic cultural activities.
After the event 62.___________celebrated regional culinary variety, another festival explored diverse national cuisines. From Nov.24 to Nov.30, teams from across the country presented China's eight major cuisines to visitors to Baojing, 63.______(reflect) the country's diversity of ingredients.
Symbolic architectural structures were re-created at the site to give visitors 64.___________look into the local flavours of each region. As diverse cuisines 65.______(ultimate) gathered, the event symbolized the unity of people through food and was witness to human connection through culinary traditions.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了湖南保靖县举办的乡村美食节，还提到了之后全国各地展示中国八大菜系的活动，体现了美食在文化交流和凝聚人心方面的作用。
56．Organized　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，organize与a just-finished rural food festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
57．demonstrated　解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，此句描述的是过去发生的事件，谓语动词应用一般过去时。
58．combination　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作宾语，应用名词，a combination of意为“……的结合”，为固定搭配。
59．to cook　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
60．to　解析：考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。
61．cultural　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词heritage。
62．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the event，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。
63．reflecting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，reflect与teams之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。
64．a　解析：考查冠词。give sb. a look into为固定搭配，意为“让某人看一看”。
65．ultimately　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰动词gathered。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，美国“汉语桥(Chinese Bridge)”网上冬令营组织方正在网上征集活动内容，欢迎网友献计献策。请你给组织方写一封建议信，内容包括：
1.你建议的活动(至少两项)；
2.你的理由；
3.你的希望。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear committee members，
I'm glad to know that___________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear committee members，
I'm glad to know that you are making a call for events for your Chinese Bridge online winter camp.
First, I'd like to recommend you a short video about the origination of the Chinese characters. Full of great fun, the video will arouse foreigners' interest in Chinese characters. Secondly, you can hold a storytelling competition to spread Chinese culture. This can further campers' understanding of China, building a good bridge between China and the outside world.
I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Two Coins for the Carousel (旋转木马)
I hold the two shiny coins in my pocket—just enough for two carousel rides. The air is filled with the sounds of the carousel: the cheerful music, the rhythmic spinning (旋转), and the laughter of children. They're all reaching for rings from the dispenser (自动售货机) as they spin past, each hoping to catch the gold ring. That's the one I'm after too. Every ride, a single gold ring appears, and whoever grabs it wins a ticket for a free giant ice-cream. Silver rings just mean another ride, but I'm set on the gold.
Spotting my friend Alice across the crowd, I pull Mom by the sleeve. “Look, Mama，” I say, pointing. “Can I go and say hello？” Mama nods, saying “Go ahead, Grace.” I take off through the crowd.
Alice is watching the carousel, her eyes fixed on the spinning horses. “Are you going to ride？” I ask. She shakes her head. “Papa doesn't bring any coins today.”
Feeling the weight of my two coins, I know Mama won't mind if I share. “Do you want to ride with me？” I offer, holding up the coins. Her smile is all the answer I need.
“I'm going to share my coins with Alice，” I whisper to Mama as we make our way toward the carousel. Mama's smile tells me I made the right choice.
I hand my coin to the worker and Alice gives him my other coin. “Which one do you want to ride？” asks Alice. I think she wants me to pick first since I'm the one who paid. A blue horse with a chipped nose catches my eye. “This one，” I say proudly, climbing on and grasping the pole tightly. Alice looks around me quickly and picks the one right behind me.As we spin, the music slows, signaling the end of the ride. I have one more chance for the gold ring. And there it is, sliding down the dispenser. I stretch out my hand, but it slips through my fingers. Maybe next time.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Behind me, Alice starts shouting with excitement.______________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
“Grace! Let's share it！” she shouts, holding up the ice-cream.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
One possible version：
Behind me, Alice starts shouting with excitement. Looking back, I see her holding up the gold ring high, her face brightened up with joy. “That's amazing, Alice！” I exclaim, with a wide grin spreading across my face, though a touch of disappointment flashes through my mind. We climb down from the carousel. I run to my mom while Alice can't wait to get her giant ice-cream. Mama sensitively perceives the little upset on my face, gently comforting me, “Maybe next time.”
“Grace! Let's share it！” she shouts, holding up the ice-cream. Hearing her words, I smile, my eyes twinkling with joy. I look at Mama who smiles back and nods. I run with Alice to a bench. We eat the ice-cream, talking about how lucky we are. After a while, Mama reminds me it is time to go home. “Thanks for the ice-cream，” I say to Alice. “Thanks for your coin，” she responds. It is at that moment that we both enjoy the happiness of sharing.INCLUDEPICTURE "英YLXZXBX4Unit2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/英YLXZXBX4Unit2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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[核心单词]　react 　gentle competentsuit negotiate sympathy approvegain preference embarrassed intentioncorrespond behave tolerate accentfluent cooperate integrate opposepure pessimistic tendency sincerelyslip [重点短语]　put yourself in sb.'s shoes, account for sth., approve of, broaden one's mind[重点句型]　1.not only...but (also)...2．while作并列连词，表示对比3．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
[单元语法]　复习定语从句 [写作任务]　关于学习中文的建议信
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[Characters]sincere adj. 真诚的diligent adj. 勤奋的gentle adj. 温和的reliable adj. 可信赖的optimistic adj. 乐观的easy-going adj. 随和的considerate adj. 体贴的amiable adj. 亲切的dependable adj. 可靠的tolerant adj. 宽容的trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的mature adj. 成熟的modest adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的friendly adj. 友好的polite adj. 有礼貌的；客气的patient adj. 有耐心的be concerned about 关心；挂念be ready to help others 乐于助人 [Ways to maintain relationships]cooperate vi. 合作trust v. 相信；信任forgive vt. 原谅appreciate vt. 欣赏，感谢equality n. 平等grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的adore v. 崇拜；敬仰bridge the gap 消除隔阂lend sb. a hand 帮助某人make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉keep company with sb. 和某人结交enjoy a harmonious life 享受和谐生活be open-minded to sb. 对某人敞开心扉be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好be in harmony with... 与……和谐相处/协调share your feelings with sb. 与某人分享你的感受have a heart-to-heart talk with sb. 与某人诚恳地交谈
话题佳句 1.After learning what situation I was in, my teacher, Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.　得知我的情况后，我的老师迈克尔鼓励我勇敢并充满自信地走出困境。2．I suggest we should communicate with our friends face to face instead of sending text messages so that we can maintain our friendship.我建议我们应该与朋友们面对面交流而不是发送信息，这样我们就能够维持我们的友谊。3．True friendship should be based on mutual understanding, not on mutual benefit.真正的友谊应该基于相互的理解而非相互的利益。
Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
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What is the text mainly about
A．What communication is.
B．How we should communicate effectively with others.
C．Why we should have a good communication skill.
D．Which communication channel we should use.　
答案：B
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答案：1.cycle　2.style　3.body language　4.adjust
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1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A．To lead into the topic.
B．To show such a fact.
C．To tell a funny story.
D．To emphasize the importance of communication.
2．What information should you obtain in order to be a highly competent communicator
①Who you are communicating with.
②What their age or position is.
③What their relationship with you is.
④What expectations and cultural backgrounds they have.
A．①②③ B．②③④
C．①②④ D．①②③④
3．Why should you pay attention to the other person's body language
A．It indicates much about your thoughts and attitudes.
B．It gives you clues about if the conversation is going well or not.
C．It's the only way to understand the person's message.
D．It can help you gain the other person's respect.
4．How can you understand the other person's emotions
A．By tackling differences and disagreements appropriately.
B．By adjusting the way you are communicating accordingly.
C．By putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
D．By making adjustments to your own tone and choice of words.
答案：1～4.ADBC
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1．For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner.(Para.3)
[分析]　本句是一个复合句。其中if引导条件状语从句；negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal是现在分词短语作后置定语；face to face、 using formal language和in a straightforward manner分别是名词短语、现在分词短语和介词短语作方式状语。
[翻译]　例如，如果你是一个商人，正与一家大型企业洽谈一笔生意，你应该面对面地使用正式语言，以直截了当的方式进行沟通。
2．A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(Para.4)
[分析]　本句是一个由while连接的并列复合句，while表示对比。第一个分句中谓语动词shows后跟省略了关系词的宾语从句；being discussed是现在分词的被动形式作后置定语，修饰the issues；第二个分句中with your arms folded是with复合结构作方式状语。
[翻译]　微笑表明你对正在谈论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉看向别处则表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或争执。
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Every day we communicate with people around us.Much of what we communicate 1.depends(depend) not only on the words we use, but also on how we use munication is the exchange of information 2.between a sender and a receiver.The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media.In 3.response(respond), the receiver sends an encoded message back.
This communication process can be complex and 4.challenging(challenge) but, with practice and patience, we can become 5.a highly competent communicator. To accomplish this, we need to know with 6.whom we are communicating and their basic information.
While 7.communicating(communicate) with others, we not only use words but also use a lot of body language.When we notice a change in the other person's body language, we should make 8.adjustments(adjust) to communicating accordingly.
Body language is surely important in communication, but the value of empathy shouldn't 9.be understated(understate).We should learn to put 10.ourselves(we) in others' shoes and look at the situation from their perspective.
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1．Can you give any other suggestions on how to become an effective communicator
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
2．How can we do better in communication with others next time
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．encode vt.　　 A．争执；摩擦；摩擦力
2．decode vt. B．把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
3．feedback n. C．同感，共鸣，同情
4．enterprise n. D．解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
5．friction n. E．有同感，产生共鸣
6．empathy n. F．反馈的意见(或信息)
7．empathize vi. G．手势，姿势；姿态，表示
8．gesture n. H．公司，企业；规划，事业
答案：1～5.BDFHA　6～8.CEG
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．through video, telephone, mail or social media
通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体
2．obtain this information 获得这条信息
3．in a straightforward manner 以直截了当的方式
4．clarify your message 阐明你的信息
5．be knowledgeable about body language
了解肢体语言
6．make adjustments to your own tone
调整自己的语气
7．gain respect 赢得尊重
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．react vi.(对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n．反应；回应
2．gentle adj.温柔的；温和的；柔和的→gently adv.和善地，温和地
3．competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的→competence n．能力；胜任；本领
4．suit vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n．套装，西装，西服→suitable adj.合适的
5．negotiate vi.& vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→negotiation n．谈判；磋商
6．fold vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n．褶，褶层，折叠部分→(反义词)unfold v．(卷着的东西)展开，打开
7．sympathy n．同情；赞同→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
8．approve vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n．赞成；认可→approving adj.赞成的；同意的→(反义词)disapprove v．不赞成；反对→disapproval n．不赞成；反对
9．precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实→precise adj.准确的；精确的
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Nowadays some teenagers prefer to communicate with their parents face to face(面对面).
2．In the business world, a successful startup is often referred to as(被看作) a unicorn.
3．Just put yourself in her shoes(设身处地为她着想), and then you will understand the reason why she is full of anxiety.
4．The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for(解释) the increase.
5．The manager put forward his plan, expecting that everyone would approve of(赞成) it.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．状语从句的省略
When spoken by a stranger(当陌生人说这句话时), they can function as a means of attracting your attention.(Para.1)
2．“not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……”　
Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also (不仅取决于我们使用的词语，而且) on how we use them.(Para.1)
3．while作并列连词，表示对比
A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away(而看向别处) with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.(Para.4)
4．动词-ing形式作结果状语
Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive (让人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效).(Para.6)
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competent　adj.足以胜任的，有能力的，
称职的
【经典例句】 (教材P16)This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator.
这一交流过程可能具有挑战性，但通过练习和耐心，你可以成为一名非常有能力的沟通者。
(1)be competent to do sth.　 胜任做某事；
有能力做某事
be competent at/in sth. 胜任某事
be competent as 胜任某职位
(2)competence n． 能力；胜任；技能；本领
【单句语法填空】
(1)I don't think Anna is competent as a kindergarten teacher because she lacks patience.
(2)I think I'm competent at/in this job, and will have wonderful performance beyond your expectations.[应用文写作之申请信
](3)I believe her rich experience as a hostess and reporter makes her competent to do(do) the job.[应用文写作之推荐信]
(4)Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(competent) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society.
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suit　vt.满足需要；相配，合身
n．套装，西装，西服
【经典例句】
①(人教必修三U3) But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste, with traditional dishes from all over China.
但也许许多游客和旧金山人对唐人街最珍视的是它的食物。有适合每个人口味的中国菜，有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。
②(外研选必二U1)Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons.
为文章选择另一个合适的标题并给出你的理由。
suitable adj. 合适的
be suitable for... 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Sadly, Linda didn't have any dress suitable to attend(attend) the wedding party of her friend Emily.
(2)The teacher recommended a suitable(suit) reading list for the students.
(3)因为我流利的英语，我确信我适合做志愿者工作。
Because of my fluent English, I am convinced that I am suitable for the volunteer job．[应用文写作之申请信]
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negotiate　vi.& vt.谈判；商定，达成(协议)
【经典例句】
①(人教选必四U3)Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures.
在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人汇聚在一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。
②(2022·全国甲卷)Nowadays countries all over the world have negotiated with each other concerning how to protect oceans more efficiently.
现在，世界各国都在就如何更有效地保护海洋这一问题进行协商。
(1)negotiate with sb.for/about/over sth.＝negotiate sth.with sb.
与某人协商/谈判某事
(2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；协商
under negotiation 在商讨中
in negotiation with... 和……协商/谈判中
【单句语法填空/词汇升级/一句多译】
(1)Despite the challenges faced during the talks, the trade agreement remains under negotiation between the two countries.
(2)They are negotiating with international partners to expand their market reach into new territories.
→They are in negotiation with international partners to expand their market reach into new territories.
(3)初次会议后，双方同意在接下来的几周内相互协商合作细节。
→After the initial meeting, both parties agreed to negotiate the partnership details with each other over the next few weeks.
→After the initial meeting, both parties agreed to negotiate with each other about/over/for the partnership details over the next few weeks.
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sympathy　n.同情；赞同
【经典例句】
①(外研选必二U3)I tried to think of some words of sympathy, but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn't stay in business much longer.
我努力想说一些同情的话，但我不得不承认，彩虹书店的确没法再经营下去了。
②Although she didn't agree with his decision, she was sympathetic to his situation and offered her support.　虽然她不认同他的决定，但她对他的处境表示同情，并给予了支持。
(1)have (no) sympathy for sb.
(不)同情某人
in sympathy with... 赞同；支持
with sympathy 同情地
(2)sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；
赞同的
be sympathetic to/towards/with...
对……表示同情；赞同……
(3)sympathetically adv. 同情地；体谅地
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)The community donated food and clothes in sympathy with the families affected by the flood.
(2)I listened to her story with sympathy, understanding the pain she had endured.
(3)他对无家可归者感到同情，并在收容所做志愿者来帮助他们。
→He was sympathetic to/towards/with the homeless and volunteered at a shelter to help them.
→He had sympathy for the homeless and volunteered at a shelter to help them.[读后续写之情感描写]
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account for sth.　是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占；
解释某事；导致某事
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them.　只有当你认真考虑他们的观点时，你才能够了解是什么导致了他们的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。
②(北师大必修一U3)Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine，in which the readers shared their experiences and views about it.
下面是我刊三位读者的描述，他们分享了有关它的经历和看法。
(1)account v.　　 认为是；(数量上、比例上)占
n. 账目；(思想、理论、过程的)
解释；说明；叙述，描述
(2)give an account of... 给出……的描述/解释
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子要
用部分倒装)
take account of...＝take...into account/consideration
将……考虑在内；考虑到……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2%-3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
(2)在规划下一个项目时，请考虑我的建议，因为我有一些想法可以真正提高我们的效率。
Please take my suggestions into account/take account of my suggestions when planning the next project, as I have some ideas that could really improve our efficiency.
(3)决不应丧失信心，继续努力，你迟早会成功。
On no account should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
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approve　vi.& vt.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)
【经典例句】
①(人教选必一U4)Making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛——在某些国家是表示感兴趣的一种方式。相比之下，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可的。
②(外研选必二U1)Of course I asked my parents for their approval first.
当然，我首先征求了我父母的同意。
(1)approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.
同意某人/某人做某事
approve sth. 批准某事
(2)approval n. 赞成，同意
give one's approval to sth. 批准某事；同意某事
meet with/win/earn one's approval
得到某人的认可
(3)approving adj. 赞成的；同意的
(4)disapprove v. 不赞成，反对
disapproval n. 不赞成，反对
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval(approve) section signed.
(2)It was your approving(approve) look that encouraged me to go on my research and achieve so much progress.[应用文写作之感谢信]
(3)如果我的申请能得到你的批准，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if my application could meet with/win/earn your approval．[应用文写作之申请信]
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gain　vt.& vi.获得；增进，增长；增加；(从……中)受益；到达；
(钟表)走得快n．好处，利益
【经典例句】 (教材P17)Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive.
良好的沟通技巧也会帮助你建立信任、赢得尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效。
【语境辨义】
(1)He wouldn't have gained weight if he had exercised more.增加
(2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.好处
(3)There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision.从……中受益
(4)My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.(钟表)走得快
(5)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our horizons and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.获得
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“not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……”
【经典例句】
①(教材P16)Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them.
我们交流的很多东西不仅取决于我们使用的词语，而且取决于我们如何使用它们。
②(人教选必四U4)Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.
现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了医院的帮助，而且周边国家的人们也得到了帮助。
(1)not only...but (also)...＝not only...but...as well，用于连接两个对称的并列成分，可以连接两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。not only置于句首时，其所在的分句要用部分倒装；
(2)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数要根据“就近原则”来确定。
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)I'm not only pursuing my dreams, but also helping(help) others overcome their own obstacles.
(2)Not only my parents but also my younger sister enjoys(enjoy) watching science-fiction movies on weekends.
(3)This exhibition can not only deepen our understanding of traditional Chinese art, but it can also consolidate our cultural confidence.
→Not only can this exhibition deepen our understanding of traditional Chinese art, but it can also consolidate our cultural confidence.(部分倒装)[应用文写作之活动介绍]
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while作并列连词，表示对比
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.
微笑表明你对正在谈论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉看向别处则表明你不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或争执。
②(人教选必四U2)While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology.
虽然它可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。
(1)while意为“然而、而”时，为并列连词，表示对比；
(2)while意为“虽然、尽管”时，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)；
(3)while意为“当……的时候”时，引导时间状语从句。
【完成句子/句型转换】
(1)(2022·全国乙卷)大约65%的学生倾向于通过听英语歌曲来学习英语，而50%的学生选择看英语电影。
About 65% of the students tend to learn English by listening to English songs, while 50% choose to watch English movies．[应用文写作之语言学习]
(2)(2024·全国甲卷)当大人们在外面忙着进行严肃谈话时，我被独自留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。
While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.
(3)The Internet is of great help to us.But I don't think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it.
→While the Internet is of great help to us, I don't think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it.
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．Applicants should submit a letter stating why they would be suitable(合适的) for the post, together with a curriculum vitae (简历), and the application form, by email.
2．As the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains(收获).”
3．Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback(反馈) possible.
4．I had planned to apply for a credit card, but my parents didn't approve(同意), saying it would tempt me to spend more money.
5．(外研选必四U4)What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating(谈判) skills.
6．As far as I'm concerned, what he had done obtained(赢得) him respect.
7．The teacher nodded his head sympathetically(同情地) when he heard the innocent child's story.
8．He clarified(阐明) his stand on the difficult issue and then all the representatives supported him.
9．He is a straightforward(坦率的) man and tells everything he has seen.
10．I still didn't like his tone(语气) of voice; he sounded angry and accusing.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．I approve of your tring to(赞成你尝试) earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
2．She wrote a letter to the newspaper in sympathy with the victims of the disaster(支持灾难受害者).
3．I cannot go to the airport to pick you up in person on account of stomachache(因为胃痛).
4．I wasn't sure how he would react to(反应) what you suggested.
5．With my excellent vocational technical ability, I am capable of this work and I think I am competent at it(胜任它).
6．The location for the new office building is under negotiation(在商讨中), with several potential sites being considered.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Dear Alice，
I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting along with your classmates and friends. Here are some suggestions for you.
1．When communicating with others(当与他人沟通时；状语从句的省略), try to be patient and understanding. Listen carefully to what they say and show your respect. 2.You should be not only friendly and kind, but also(你不仅应该友好和善良，而且；not only...but also...) honest and reliable. While you may have different opinions at times, try to discuss them calmly and find common ground.
Be active in participating in group activities. This will help you get to know others better and build stronger bonds. Also, don't be afraid to reach out and make the first move. Offering help when needed can lead to good friendships, 3.making you more popular and well-liked(让你更受欢迎和喜爱；动词-ing形式作结果状语).
I hope these suggestions will be useful to you.
Yours，
Li HuaINCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic(sympathy) and considerate.
2．His parents' reaction(react) to the news was surprisingly calm.
3．After months of negotiation(negotiate), the two companies finally reached an agreement on the contract.
4．Make sure the firm is competent(competence) to carry out the work.
5．Curious to find out what was inside, I unfolded(fold) the tiny note and recognized my father's penciled writing.
6．Some of the salt that we use every day is obtained (obtain) from the sea.
7．The garbage-sorting policy approved(approve) by the government is helpful in protecting the environment and making full use of resources.
8．Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently (gentle) on the window.
9．Not only the boy but also his parents are enjoying (enjoy) the film now.
10．Many online courses offer a flexible type of learning, which is suitable(suit) for those who study while working full-time.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Negotiating with different parties can be a complex task, requiring careful consideration of various interests.
2．The passengers watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps.
3．Those who visit English-learning websites account for 12%.
4．If you put yourself in my shoes, perhaps you'll stop complaining.
5．Not only the teacher but also the students are(be) required to submit their project proposals by Friday.
6．Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.
7．Most of the neighbors approve of the family organizing community activities regularly.
8．The physician and patient are willing and competent to meet(meet) the demands of the illness.
维度三　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．如果你感兴趣，可以和我们一起作为队员参加比赛。(状语从句的省略)
If interested, you can join us in the competition as team partners.
2．(2023·全国甲卷)虽然他在一个贫穷的家庭长大，但他拜访了著名学者，并学到了很多东西。(while引导让步状语从句)
While he was raised in a poor family, he visited famous scholars and learnt a lot.
3．她对灾区人民深表同情，所以她一有时间就给他们带来食物和药品。
She was sympathetic to/towards/with/had sympathy for the people in the disaster area, so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.
4．To sum up, the journey not only broadened my vision, but it also made me know more about the local culture.
→To sum up, not only did the journey broaden my vision, but it also made me know more about the local culture.(部分倒装)
5．听到自己的公司正在与一家领先的科技公司进行谈判，他感到很高兴。
(1)He is pleased to hear that his firm is in negotiation with a leading tech company．(negotiation n．)
(2)He is pleased to hear that his firm is negotiating with a leading tech company．(negotiate v．)
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必一U4】
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”， and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
1．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The importance of words in communication.
B．The differences of body language in different cultures.
C．How to use body language correctly.
D．The comparison between words and body language.
2．What can we infer from the passage
A．Body language is more important than words.
B．Everyone understands the same body language.
C．We should learn different cultures to understand body language better.
D．Body language is the same all over the world.
3．In Japan, what does looking down when talking to an older person demonstrate
A．Disrespect. B．Interest.
C．Confusion. D．Respect.
4．What does the underlined word “identical” mean in paragraph 3
A．Different. B．Same.
C．Opposite. D．Strange.
答案：1～4.BCDB
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
My senior year at Westfield High School was supposed to be the best year of my life.Instead, it turned into a lesson about friendship that I would never forget.
My best friend, Emily, and I had been inseparable since middle school.But as graduation approached, the stress of exams and college applications began to weigh heavily on us.Emily and I became distant.I was focused on getting into a top university, while Emily was more interested in enjoying our last year together.Our differing goals led to disagreements, and soon enough, we started to argue over the smallest things.
One day, things reached a boiling point.We had a huge fight over a group project.Days turned into weeks, and our friendship seemed beyond repair.We avoided each other at school and stopped sitting together at lunch.Our friends tried to help, but neither of us was willing to make the first move.The silence between us was deafening, and I missed her more than I wanted to admit.
It wasn't until our English teacher assigned us to work together on a final presentation that we were forced to confront each other.At first, we worked in tense silence.But as we spent more time together, the ice began to melt.One evening, as we were finishing up our project, Emily broke the silence.“I miss you，” she said softly.“I miss you, too，” I admitted, feeling a lump in my throat.“I'm sorry for being so hard on you.I just wanted everything to be perfect.” “I'm sorry too，” Emily replied.“I should have been more understanding.We're both stressed, but we shouldn't let it ruin our friendship.” We hugged, and at that moment, it felt like a weight had been lifted off my shoulders.
On the graduation day, we stood side by side, proud of what we had accomplished and grateful to each other.The experience made our bond stronger, and we knew that no matter where life took us, we would always be there for each other.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和好朋友因为高中最后一年的侧重点不同导致关系紧张，最后通过一起完成英语老师布置的课题修复了友谊的故事。
1．What caused the initial tension between the author and Emily
A．Conflicts over college applications.
B．Differences in academic performance.
C．Varied priorities about their final year.
D．Different approaches to their group project.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Emily and I became distant...enjoying our last year together.”可知，作者与艾米丽高中最后一年的侧重点不同导致了她们之间最初的紧张关系。
2．What made them restore their friendship
A．Their friends' assistance.
B．A school teacher's intervention.
C．Working on a project together.
D．Taking a timely break from each other.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It wasn't until our English teacher assigned us to work together...Emily broke the silence.”可知，一起完成英语老师布置的课题使她们恢复了友谊。
3．How did the author feel after making up with Emily
A．Anxious. B．Relieved.
C．Stressed. D．Uncertain.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We hugged, and at that moment, it felt like a weight had been lifted off my shoulders.”可推知，与艾米丽和好后作者感觉松了一口气。
4．Which of the following suits the story best
A．A friend is easier lost than found.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．True friendship can stand the test of disagreements.
D．Friendship, once broken, will never be the same again.
C　解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段最后一句可知，本文讲述了作者和好朋友因为高中最后一年侧重点不同导致关系紧张，最后通过一起完成英语老师布置的课题修复了友谊的故事。由此可推知，真正的友谊能经受分歧的考验。
B
(2025 ·济南摸底考试)Are you an open book, your face broadcasting every passing emotion, or more of a poker face, not showing what you are feeling Scientists at Nottingham Trent University say that wearing your heart on your face, could actually give you a significant social advantage.
The study, led by Eithne Kavanagh, a research fellow at NTU's School of Social Sciences, involving over 1，300 participants, noticed striking variations in how much people moved their faces during conversations. Importantly, this expressiveness emerged as a stable individual quality. People displayed similar levels of facial expressiveness across different contexts, with different social partners, and even over time periods up to four months.
The researchers say that facial expressiveness is linked to personality, with more agreeable individuals displaying more lively faces. Facial expressiveness can also translate into concrete social benefits. In a negotiation task, more expressive individuals are more likely to secure a larger slice of a reward. The researchers suggest that for agreeable folks, dynamic facial expressions may serve as a tool for building good relationships and smoothing over conflicts. Across the board, the results point to facial expressiveness serving an “affiliative (有亲和力的) function”， or a social glue that develops liking and smoother interactions.
Expressiveness is also linked to being seen as more “readable”， suggesting that a lively face makes one's intentions and mental states easier for others to decipher．Beyond frequency of facial movements, people who employ facial expressions more strategically to suit social goals, such as looking friendly in a greeting, are also more well-liked.
The findings challenge the “poker face” common belief that a still and unemotional appearance is always most advantageous.Instead, they suggest that for most people, allowing one's face to mirror inner states and intentions can invite warmer reactions. As the researchers conclude, “Being facially expressive is socially advantageous.” So, next time you catch yourself making lines on your forehead, or flashing a smile, know that your face just might be working overtime on your behalf.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究者发现相较于扑克脸，将内心真实想法展现在脸上的人实际上更具社交优势。
5．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the study
A．Its impact. B．Its findings.
C．Its limitations. D．Its significance.
B　解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，研究发现人们在对话中面部表情的变化具有显著差异，而且这种表情表达被认为是一种稳定的个体特质。所以，该段在讲述研究的结果。
6．What may facial expressiveness serve as in negotiation settings
A．A way to frighten competitors.
B．A method to hide personality.
C．A tool to show personal quality.
D．A strategy to settle disagreement.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In a negotiation task...smoothing over conflicts.”可推知，对于那些和蔼可亲的人，有活力的面部表情也许起着构建良好的关系和缓和冲突的工具。
7．What does the underlined word “decipher” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Overlook.
C．Remember. D．Interpret.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Expressiveness is also linked to...for others to decipher.”可知，面部表情丰富也被认为是更可读懂的，表明一张活跃热情的脸能让一个人的目的和精神状态更容易让其他人知晓。由此可知，画线词“decipher”与“interpret”意思相近。
8．What may the author advise based on the findings of the study
A．Always wearing a still face.
B．Learning to be an open book.
C．Speaking out inner emotions.
D．Forcing a smile through tears.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，基于研究结果，作者可能会建议大家让自己表情外露，让自己容易被人了解。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·宁波期末)Living with other people can be tough, especially when each person comes from a different background and has their own ideas about how they want to live. Though having a roommate can be challenging at times, it can also be enjoyable and fun. 1.____
You can discuss your expectations ahead of time. Get together before or on the first day you move in together and talk about what each of you needs and wants from the other. 2._________This applies to finances, food, clothes, possessions, use of common areas and so on.
You should agree to respect each other's privacy. This is especially significant. 3._________For instance, you may not mind if your roommate comes into your room unannounced, but they might find you to be very rude for doing so. You should talk about these kinds of things so that you know what to expect from each other.
4．_________Say hello and goodbye, ask them how their day was, and show interest in their life. Getting to know the person you live with helps you understand their perspective, and allows them to understand yours. It also makes it easier to deal with problems that you have with that person if you've already developed a harmonious relationship with them.
You can also be considerate of your roommate in your life. Understand what's going on in your roommate's life. You should aim to be flexible and accommodating. Your roommate may have a big test coming up. 5._________If your roommate is busy and stressed with their job, give them some time and space to relax and unwind.
A．You can spend time with your roommate.
B．You can discuss each of your preferences for privacy.
C．This is your best chance to set boundaries with your roommate.
D．Make sure that everyone is clear on the rules and responsibilities.
E．This is what you should know to respect your roommate's privacy.
F．Then in this case you should probably be quiet and let them study.
G．The following steps will help you live in harmony with your roommate.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何与室友和谐相处。
1．G　解析：上文提出与室友同住会带来挑战，但也可以愉快和有趣，下文四个段落分别给出与室友愉快相处的方法。G项承上启下，是最佳过渡句。
2．D　解析：根据上下文内容可知，本段建议要弄清楚彼此的需求和期望，要在财务、食物、衣服、财产、公共区域的使用等方面达成一致，即要先明确规则和各自的职责。D项与本段主题一致，衔接自然。
3．B　解析：根据上文内容可知，本段建议要尊重彼此的隐私。根据下文中的For instance可知，下文是对空处举例，是对B项中的“discuss each of your preferences for privacy”的举例说明。
4．A　解析：根据下文内容可知，本段建议要关心室友，要与室友建立和谐的关系，所以要花时间和室友在一起。A项符合本段的主题，适合作本段的主旨句。
5．F　解析：根据本段内容可知，本段建议在生活中要为舍友着想。上文设定了室友要考试的情景，F项是作为室友的你应该做的事情，即保持安静，让他们学习。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·梅州质检)Twenty years ago, I took my first job at a start-up independent publishing company in New York. One afternoon, I 1 a train with a load of hot-off-the-press catalogues (目录簿). That was the first time that we had listed every one of our titles. I was on my way to 2 my aunt, who'd agreed to 3 them to her friends.
Back then, I was much less 4 ； somehow I made it to the train but I hadn't had time to buy a 5 . I figured I'd buy one on board. When the conductor came to stand next to me, I opened my 6 and found no money inside. He didn't 7 credit cards. I was told to get off at the next station. 8 ， the man next to me handed $15 to the conductor. I was grateful and 9 ； I promised him I would send him a check, which he 10 . I made him write down his address, though.
Later, I wrote a check, 11 it with a letter, and sent it off. I expressed my 12 again and included my email address. Soon he emailed me and we 13 a lasting friendship.
That 14 action has stayed with me. Thinking about that day, I 15 myself to be much kinder to strangers and to focus on the good in people.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者因匆忙赶火车而没有时间买票，在车上补票时发现没带现金，这时一个好心的陌生人为作者付了钱，之后两人建立了持久的友谊。作者从这件事中学到了要对陌生人更加友善并关注人们内心的善意。
1．A．came across B．rushed onto
C．passed by D．looked for
B　解析：根据下文中的“a train with a load of hot-off-the- press catalogues”并结合“I made it to the train”可知，此处指作者冲上(rush onto)了火车。
2．A．visiting B．helping
C．rescuing D．persuading
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者拿着目录簿去拜访(visit)姑妈。
3．A．return B．explain
C．describe D．distribute
D　解析：根据语境可知，“_______ them to her friends” 中的them指代上文提到的目录簿，此处指作者的姑妈答应把目录簿分发(distribute)给她的朋友。
4．A．determined B．objective
C．organized D．professional
C　解析：根据下文中的“somehow I made it to the train but I hadn't had time to buy a _______. I figured I'd buy one on board.”可知，作者当时事先没有规划(organize)好自己的行程，虽然赶上了火车，但已经没时间买票(ticket)了。
5．A．ticket B．card
C．gift D．book
A　解析：参见上题解析。
6．A．parcel B．wallet
C．envelope D．bottle
B　解析：根据上文可知，作者打算上车买票，所以当检票员站在作者旁边时，作者打开了钱包(wallet)。
7．A．cancel B．reject
C．provide D．accept
D　解析：根据下文中的“the man next to me handed $15 to the conductor”可知，作者旁边的男士帮作者付了钱，由此可推知，检票员不接受(accept)信用卡付款。
8．A．Naturally B．Unexpectedly
C．Doubtfully D．Disagreeably
B　解析：根据下文中的“the man next to me handed $15 to the conductor”可知，出乎意料的是(unexpectedly), 一个陌生人为作者买了车票。
9．A．embarrassed B．disturbed
C．annoyed D．dissatisfied
A　解析：根据上文可知，作者没带现金，也不能用信用卡买票，结合常识可推知，在受到陌生人的帮助时，作者应是既感激又尴尬(embarrassed)。
10．A．gave away B．checked out
C．laughed off D．sent back
C　解析：根据下文中的“I made him write down his address, though.”可知，作者一开始承诺会给他寄支票时，他应是一笑置之(laugh off)。
11．A．typed B．unfolded
C．signed D．enclosed
D　解析：根据上文中的“I wrote a check”可知，此处指作者把支票附(enclose)在信中寄出去了。
12．A．appreciation B．admiration
C．amazement D．approval
A　解析：根据上文中的“I was grateful”可知，作者在信中再次表达了感激(appreciation)。
13．A．renewed B．inspired
C．formed D．understood
C　解析：根据语境可知，此处指两人建立(form)了长久的友谊。
14．A．romantic B．generous
C．urgent D．symbolic
B　解析：根据上文内容可知，这个陌生人为作者付了车票钱，这是慷慨(generous)之举。
15．A．force B．allow
C．warn D．remind
D　解析：根据下文中的“to be much kinder to strangers and to focus on the good in people”可知，通过这次经历，作者提醒(remind)自己要对陌生人更友善一些，并关注人们心中的善意。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英语译林选择性必修第四册/课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
2．The Moon Landing is one of the most significant milestones that mankind has ever achieved.
3．It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.
4．For those who want to experience the hustle and bustle of Chengdu, Chunxi Road and Taikoo Li in the city center are the top choices.
5．My connection with pandas goes back to my days in the mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas.
6．As is reported, global carbon emissions have increased by 1.2% annually over the past decade, posing a severe threat to the planet's ecosystems.
7．It is the way that you apply your body language to your speech that greatly determines whether the listeners are engaged.
8．Kae, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
9．The doctor whom/who we sent for from the city hospital arrived just in time at 3 a．m. yesterday.
10．I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate.
11．In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
12．(北师大必修二U6)This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
13．(人教选必一U2)There are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
14．Nowadays, it is common to see people staring at their mobile phones instead of reading a real book, about which many experts are worried.
15．There are 60 people in the group，half of whom are scholars from different international institutes.
16．I'm writing to show my gratitude to my English teacher, without whose help, I wouldn't have won the competition.
17．As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
18．The famous writer wrote many children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
19．The painter and his classic works that we saw at the museum are considered symbols of the Renaissance period.
维度二　语法与写作
1．我永远不会忘记和你一起学习的日子，因为它们不仅提高了我的成绩，还塑造了我对学习的态度。
I will never forget the days when I studied with you, because they not only improved my grades but also shaped my attitude towards learning.
2．我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
3．我们都很钦佩你对我们提及的那位科学家以及他所取得的成就。
The scientist and his achievements that you told us are admired by us all.
4．他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全理解它的意思。
He told us a story in English, whose meaning/the meaning of which I couldn't understand completely．
5．长城是中国人引以为傲的最伟大的建筑之一。
The Great Wall is one of the greatest buildings that Chinese people are proud of．
6．她用孩子们能理解的简单英语解释了这个科学实验。
She explained the science experiment in such simple English as children could understand．
7．另外，还有许多有用的和有趣的活动，从这些活动中，你可以更好地了解中国文化。
Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities, where/from which you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture．
8．你可以相信，我们会尽一切努力帮助你。
You can depend on it that we will do all/everything that we can to give you a helping hand．
9．我们学校下周日将举行主题为“中国传统习俗”的活动。
Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Traditional Chinese Customs” next Sunday.
10．正如一句老话所说：“一分耕耘，一分收获。” 你必须努力才能实现目标。
As an old saying goes, “No pain, no gain.” You have to work hard to achieve your goals.
维度三　语篇填空
This weekend, I plan to show my penfriend around my town. At the beginning of the tour, we will start with the most important place in my town，1.which is the Plaza Leon. The Plaza Leon, 2.which is more than 100 years old，is a gathering place for young people 3.who/that have a passion for outdoor activities, and for parents and children at the weekend 4.when they have more free time. Four streets lead to the Plaza Leon 5.which/that has white sidewalks and a tree line. Hernandes Street is named after a famous writer born in the city, and all of the food stores, fish markets and vegetable stands are there.Fernando Street, 6.where all of the government offices are located, is named after an educator.Via del Mar Street, 7.whose roads are made of stones, is the only street 8.that still has its old surface. Finally，we will come to Horatio Street, 9.where there are two universities.One of them is the most famous university in my country.That's the reason 10.why it is my favorite street of all.
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I'm 62 now and always planned to volunteer with older people when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives and I found the thought heartbreaking—no one should have to feel lonely and stuck at home.
I started volunteering three years ago. My team of volunteers have set up seven groups in our town. We host tea parties for those aged 75 and older who live on their own and regularly provide support, friendship and companionship for the most isolated (孤独的) older people in the community.
Working with my older neighbors is rewarding. To hear their stories and the hardships they have overcome is inspiring. I feel like I'm making a positive difference to the lives of older people by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and social and making clear to them that they are valued by our community.
As an area coordinator (协调人), I also help recruit (招募) and manage volunteers, without whom the work would be impossible. So many go above and beyond what's asked, offering time, energy and kindness, just because they care. I've found enthusiasm from people making the lives of our older neighbors better, and they are a constant source of inspiration for me.
I've met amazing people from all walks of life. It's the best thing I've ever done that enriched my life. I will keep focusing on reducing loneliness and isolation among the elderly and helping them enjoy the old age they deserve.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者三年前开始从事志愿者工作，帮助孤独老人保持活跃和社交的经历。作者还招募和管理志愿者，并认为志愿者工作很有意义。
1．What inspired the author to begin volunteering
A．Loneliness and isolation.
B．Love for volunteering work.
C．Lack of social support for the old.
D．Older neighbors' companionship.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“There was such a big gap in the care and support this generation receives”可知，老年人缺乏社会支持促使作者退休后开始做志愿者。
2．What does the author think of her volunteering work
A．It is meaningful.
B．It gives her confidence.
C．It is challenging.
D．It reduces her loneliness.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I feel like I'm making a positive difference to the lives of older people...they are valued by our community.”以及最后一段中的“It's the best thing I've ever done that enriched my life.”可推知，作者认为自己的志愿者工作是有意义的。
3．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Managers. B．Volunteers.
C．Coordinators. D．Senior neighbors.
B　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在句可知，代词they指代句中的“people making the lives of our older neighbors better”，即上文“I also help recruit and manage volunteers...they care.”中所提到的volunteers。
4．How can we describe the author
A．Considerate and specialized.
B．Inspiring and thoughtful.
C．Supportive and innovative.
D．Caring and accommodating.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段、第二段内容以及最后一段中的“I will keep focusing on reducing loneliness...helping them enjoy the old age they deserve.”可知，作者关心老年人，为孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴，由此可知，作者是一个关心他人且乐于助人的人。
B
(2025·彬州期末)Stuck inside his room at an assisted living center, Bob Coleman knew he could not go out in public. But he was not cut off from outside: he shared his love for country music over the Internet.“Hello, everybody.It's a bright day in Tennessee，” he said into his microphone.“This is Bob Coleman, coming to you from Room 3325...” Then Coleman began to play the music he loves—hits from country music stars.The 88-year-old carefully chooses each song.
Coleman and several other retirees have turned into DJs (流行音乐播音员), for a new online radio hour known as “Radio Recliner”．A marketing company called Luckie came up with the idea of Radio Recliner.Listeners can send song requests in honor of family or friends.For example, listeners might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny.This is your favorite granddaughter Amy.We just wanted to call in and say we love you.” The 60-minute show started with retirees in middle Tennessee.It has since expanded, with residents of assisted-living centers in other states taking part in the project.Many jumped at the chance to work as a DJ to ease the loneliness of social distancing rules.
Mitch Bennett serves as Luckie's chief creative officer.He says the idea was to provide a sense of community to older people.“For this generation, radio was the original social media，” Bennett said, “Dedicating a song to someone you love and having them hear it along with everyone else is a special way of connecting.”
In Georgia, 80-year-old Ed Rosenblatt, who had made full preparations for his show, said an hour he spent playing songs on Radio Recliner resulted in a flood of text messages, emails and calls from family and friends, and many of the messages were from people he had not heard from for years.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。老人们积极参与Radio Recliner成为音乐播音员，通过分享自己喜欢的音乐来摆脱孤独，从而更多地与朋友和家人联系。
5．What did Bob Coleman do in the assisted living center
A．He organized a band at his living center.
B．He earned money by singing on the radio.
C．He created new country music for friends.
D．He shared country music hits over the Internet.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But he was not cut off from outside: he shared his love for country music over the Internet.”可知，鲍勃·科尔曼通过互联网分享了他喜欢的乡村音乐。
6．Why were retirees active to work for Radio Recliner
A．They wanted to get connected with the world.
B．They wanted to show their love for Tennessee.
C．They wanted to build more assisted-living centers.
D．They wanted to help others get in touch with their relatives.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句、第二段后两句以及倒数第二段中的“He says the idea was to provide a sense of community to older people.”可知，退休人员为Radio Recliner工作是为了能与世界联系起来。
7．Which of the following can best describe these old DJs
A．Optimistic and devoted.
B．Humorous and active.
C．Lonely and pessimistic.
D．Diligent and generous.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hello, everybody.It's a bright day in Tennessee”可知，这些老人是乐观的；根据最后一段内容可知，老人们全心全意地投入工作。
8．What's the best title for the passage
A．Older Adults Need More Care
B．Older Adults Turn Into DJs
C．Older Adults Were Busy with Music
D．Older Adults Show Music Talents
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述老人们积极参与Radio Recliner成为音乐播音员，通过分享自己喜欢的音乐来摆脱孤独，从而更多地与朋友和家人联系。B项最适合作文章标题。
C
Dragons, mythical creatures of power and magic, have captured the imagination of people across cultures for centuries. However, the perception and symbolism of dragons differ significantly between Eastern and Western cultures.
In the East, particularly in China, the dragon is a respectable symbol of power, strength, and good luck. It is often associated with the element of water and is believed to have the ability to control rain and floods. The Chinese dragon most resembles a snake, and has four claws and no wings. It also represents the imperial power, so ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns, which were known as dragon robes. The dragon is often used in traditional art and festivals in China, such as the Dragon Boat Festival. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national representative, thus proudly referring to themselves as “Generations of the Dragon”．
In contrast, Western dragon culture portrays dragons as fearsome, fire-breathing creatures that spread violence and terror throughout the land. They are typically shown with large, bat-like wings, sharp claws, and a long tail. Western dragons are known for guarding vast piles of gold and jewels and are often defeated by heroes in various stories. They symbolize chaos and destruction, and their defeat is seen as a triumph of good over evil.
Despite these differences, dragons in both cultures are seen as powerful and wise beings. They are a source of fascination and have inspired countless stories, art, and even modern-day movies and games. The dragon's ability to fly and its connection to the element make it a symbol of freedom and the ability to overcome obstacles. Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东西方文化中龙的形象及其象征意义的显著差异和共通之处。
9．Why do Chinese call themselves “Generations of the Dragon”？
A．They can see dragons everywhere in China.
B．They regard the dragon as a symbol of China.
C．Dragons are considered as mythical creatures in China.
D．Chinese emperors' clothes were decorated with dragons.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many Chinese view the dragon as a national representative...‘Generations of the Dragon’．”可知，中国人把龙视为国家的象征，所以称自己是“龙的传人”。
10．What do Eastern and Western dragons have in common
A．They are intelligent and powerful.
B．They are in the shape of snakes.
C．They have rough skin and tails.
D．They have big claws and wings.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Despite these differences，dragons in both cultures are seen as powerful and wise beings.”可知，东方和西方的龙都被视为强大和智慧的生物。
11．What roles do dragons play in modern global culture
A．They symbolize both good and evil.
B．They are still associated with disasters.
C．They represent freedom and destruction.
D．They are seen as comprehensive characters.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They are no longer associated with...with their own unique personalities and motivations.”可知，如今，龙在现代全球文化中被视为具有独特个性和动机的复杂角色。
12．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To compare Eastern and Western dragons.
B．To show the evolution of dragons in literature.
C．To highlight cultural differences between Eastern and Western dragons.
D．To argue for the importance of dragons in modern society.
C　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“However, the perception and symbolism of dragons differ significantly between Eastern and Western cultures.”可知，文章主要围绕东西方龙文化的差异展开，通过对比阐述了不同文化对龙的认识和龙的象征意义。因此，作者写本文的目的是强调东方和西方的龙的文化差异。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·东莞期中)Sharing is regarded as both a social morality and a personal virtue. It is a wonderful thing that increases pleasure and weakens sorrow. Then why do we tend to be happier when sharing with others 1.____．
Sharing Is Fundamental to Human Relationships
We have shared with others since the beginning of civilization and interaction. It is one of the primary ways we learn to communicate. 2.____. People from these cultures open up their homes to traveling visitors and those curious about their cultural practices. However, sharing doesn't always need to be this grand gesture. Simple acts like exchanging compliments can also brighten up a person's day and make them feel more positive.
Sharing Releases Oxytocin (催产素), the Wellness Hormone (激素)
3．____. Oxytocin helps build trust, relieve stress and anxiety, improve immune (免疫的) function and benefit your overall well-being as a result. When people are in possession of generous levels of oxytocin in their bodies, they are more empathetic (有同感的) towards others and feel more generous than they would in normal circumstances. You can gain oxytocin even by making online donations. You need not physically share in person to experience the benefits of the hormone.
4．____
When you share your belongings with others, you are expressing trust in their ability to keep your possessions safe and out of harm's way. If your trust pays off in them, you experience a sense of happiness. We tend to be more emotionally satisfied and happy when we are able to build trust in our relationships. Trust and happiness are closely related experiences.
Sharing Helps You Build a Social Network
Humans are social animals. 5.____. If we happen to have encouraging and supportive friends and family to rely on, we are less prone (有发生……倾向的) to anxiety and depression. However, if we tend to lack a reliable social support system in our lives, our happiness can suffer. Sharing helps build new relationships. Social interactions advance our health, wealth and general well-being.
A．Trust Brings You Happiness
B．Sharing Helps Build Trust
C．Some cultures, more than others, encourage sharing
D．Let's discuss how sharing and happiness are related
E．When a person shares or feels grateful, their brains release oxytocin
F．Our happiness depends to a large extent on the presence of social support
G．The receiver is thankful for the gift and the giver feels gratitude for being able to have that exchange
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了分享和快乐之间的关系。
1．D　解析：上文提出问题“Then why do we tend to be happier when sharing with others？”，下文主要解释了分享和快乐之间的关系，空处应提及分享和快乐之间的关系，D项承上启下，符合语境。
2．C　解析：根据上文“We have shared with others since...we learn to communicate.”及下文“People from these cultures...their cultural practices.”可知，空处话题应为文化分享，C项与本段话题一致，承上启下，符合语境。
3．E　解析：根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲“分享释放催产素”。下文“Oxytocin helps build trust...well-being as a result.”介绍了催产素的益处，空处位于段首应引出催产素。E项符合语境。
4．B　解析：分析文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，根据下文可知，本段的主旨是分享可以帮助建立与他人的信任。B项符合语境。
5．F　解析：本段围绕主题“分享帮助建立社交网”展开。根据上文“Humans are social animals.”及下文“If we happen to...if we tend to...general well-being.”可知，社会支持会影响我们的幸福，F项与上文话题一致，强调人的社会性，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·珠海期末)On a Wednesday evening in September 2024, artists from Guangdong Province presented the charm of Lingnan culture to New Zealanders at the National Museum in Wellington. The event, jointly 1.___________ (hold) by several organizations including the China International Cultural Association and the Chinese Embassy, was aimed at boosting cultural exchanges between the two countries.
Five artists from Guangdong gave 2.___________ unique show to the audience, 3.___________ featured the Lingnan school of Guqin art, Chaozhou Kung Fu tea art, and Canton Porcelain. The show attracted over 200 people and received significant 4.___________(recognize). A local resident, Barbara, said it was the largest Chinese cultural event she 5.___________(see) since 2019, calling it “amazing” and “impressive”. As a tea lover, she was 6.___________ (true) impressed by the tea-related programs, 7.________(appreciate) the depth of Chinese tea culture.
The show helped locals gain insights 8.___________ Guangdong's culture and tourism, 9.______(far) promoting exchanges and cooperation and adding vitality to China-New Zealand cultural relations. Guangdong, as the heart of Lingnan culture, the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road, 10.___________ a pioneer in China's reform and opening-up, is working together with Hong Kong and Macao to build the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into a world-class tourist destination.
【解题导语】　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在2024年9月的一个周三晚上，来自中国广东省的艺术家们在新西兰惠灵顿国家博物馆向当地人展示了岭南文化的魅力，旨在促进中新两国的文化交流。
1．held　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作后置定语；The event和hold之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。
2．a　解析：考查冠词。修饰名词单数show，表示泛指，且空后单词unique的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
3．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a unique show，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。
4．recognition　解析：考查名词。空处作宾语，空前有形容词修饰，应用名词形式。
5．had seen　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句谓语动词；根据since 2019以及was可知，此处应用过去完成时；主语为she，和动词see之间为主动关系。
6．truly　解析：考查副词。修饰动词impressed应用副词形式。
7．appreciating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语；主语she和动词appreciate之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。
8．into　解析：考查介词。gain insight into为固定搭配，意为“深入了解”。
9．further　解析：考查副词的比较级。空处修饰动词promoting，表示“进一步地”，应用further。
10．and　解析：考查连词。空前“the heart of Lingnan culture, the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road”和空后“a pioneer in China's reform and opening-up”之间为并列关系，应用连词and连接。Period 4　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
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What's the main idea of the text
A．The development of borrowed words.
B．Various attitudes towards borrowed words.
C．How word borrowing comes about and different attitudes towards it.
D．Whether we should accept borrowed words or not.
答案：C
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答案：1.borrowed　2.comes about　3.attitudes
4．avoidable　5.continue
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1．Why is the first sentence showed
A．To show the sentence is indeed special.
B．To show English is difficult to understand.
C．To show that we had better not learn English.
D．To show that English is a language with many borrowed words.
2．What can we learn from the text
A．Word borrowing has a long history.
B．The English language has more borrowed words than other languages.
C．The word “delicious” is not a borrowed word.
D．The word “golf” is a borrowed word in English.
3．What is the author's attitude towards word borrowing in English
A．Pessimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.
4．Which column in the newspaper can you find the text
A．Economy. B．Culture.
C．Politics. D．Sports.
答案：1～4.DACB
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　　Borrowed words can 1.be found(find) in almost all languages.Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact.This tends 2.to happen(happen) when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue.This phenomenon 3.has been occurring(occur) for thousands of years.
The process of borrowing words is complex, and it takes time before new words are integrated 4.into everyday speech. The 5.longer(long) a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
Some language communities oppose 6.adopting(adopt) words from other cultures.However, there are also other communities that 7.readily(ready) welcome borrowed words.Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, enabling the community to have a more efficient language 8.that/which allows them to share their experiences with new-found ease.9.It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
For better or for worse, the 10.tendency(tend) to borrow words has never gone out of style.The more international and globalized the world becomes，the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．bacon n. A．高尔夫球运动
2．tank n. B．咸猪肉，熏猪肉
3．golf n. C．滑板
4．linguist n. D．坦克；(贮放液体或
气体的)罐
5．skateboard n. E．食堂，餐厅
6．canteen n. F．语言学家；通晓数国
语言的人
答案：1～5.BDAFC　6.E
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．have a preference for the direct style
偏爱直接的风格
2．feel upset or embarrassed 感到不安或尴尬
3．have no intention of hurting others
没有伤害别人的意图
4．correspond to “umbrella” in Chinese
与汉语中的“伞”一致
5．how to behave 如何表现得体
6．that was not tolerated before 那是从前不能被容忍的
7．I slip 我滑倒了
8．jump over a low fence 跳过一个矮栅栏
9．have a contest 有一场比赛
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入→integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的→integration n．结合；整合；一体化
2．oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒→opposed adj.反对的→opposition n．反对
3．intervention n．干涉行为，干预→intervene v．干涉
4．pure adj.纯净的；完全的→purify v．使洁净，净化→purity n．纯度；纯洁；纯净；纯粹→purely adv.完全；仅仅
5．reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃；否决
6．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观
7．tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好→tend v．照顾；照料；倾向；趋于
8．sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的；诚实的
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．I have no idea how the accident came about(发生) last night.
2．Under this circumstance(在这种情况下), she had no choice but to give up going to study abroad.
3．Unfortunately, they are pessimistic about(对……感到悲观) their chances of winning the match.
4．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories must be based on(以……为基础) facts.
5．Although they're expensive, they last forever and never go out of style(过时).
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．given that引导原因状语从句
This comes as no surprise, given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages(因为英语已经借用了300多种不同语言的词汇), including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese.(Para.1)
2．the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..
The longer(时间越长) a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like(听起来甚至看起来就越像) the native language.(Para.3)
3．while引导让步状语从句
While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages(虽然一些群体对语言之间的互借持悲观态度), there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.(Para.5)
[分析]　此句中还含有that引导的定语从句。
4．it作形式主语
According to the linguist Edward Sapir, “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language(很难找出一种完全孤立的语言)...”(Para.6)
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preference　n.偏爱；偏爱的事物；喜爱
【经典例句】
①(外研选必一U6)All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with diving qualifications.
欢迎所有的申请者，但有潜水资格者优先。
②(人教选必一U5)Some people would prefer to stop the use of man－made chemicals in agriculture entirely.
有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。
(1)have a preference for... 偏爱……
(2)prefer v. 更喜欢；选择某事物
(而不选择其他事物)
prefer to do/doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)These days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer(prefer) a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
(2)When it comes to where to live，my sister prefers to live/living(live) in big cities while I have a preference(prefer) for living in the country.
(3)青少年认为他们的父母不理解自己，所以他们更喜欢和朋友交谈而不是告诉父母自己的问题。
→The teenagers think their parents don't understand them so they prefer to talk to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems．
→The teenagers think their parents don't understand them so they would rather talk to their friends than tell their parents their problems．
→The teenagers think their parents don't understand them so they would talk to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems．
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embarrassed　adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
【经典例句】 (外研选必一U2)I felt embarrassed, even though no one could see me.
我觉得很尴尬，尽管没人能看见我。
(1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 尴尬于做某事
be/feel embarrassed about/at sth.
因为某事而尴尬
(2)embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使窘迫
(3)embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的，
令人尴尬的
(4)embarrassment n. 难堪，尴尬，困窘
to one's embarrassment 使某人难堪的是
【单句语法填空/语段填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)The cash machine was also out of order！In other words, I couldn't pay him now.I felt so depressed and sorry, an embarrassed(embarrass) smile creeping into my face.
(2)His embarrassing question made me feel greatly embarrassed．I felt my face burning with embarrassment．(embarrass)
(3)我觉得尴尬极了，我提醒自己绝不能再犯这样的错误了。
Feeling embarrassed, I reminded myself that in no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again.[读后续写之心理描写]
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intention 　n.意图，计划
【经典例句】
①(外研选必二U3)The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers.
这些改编的目的是让年轻读者更容易理解经典名著。
②(人教必修二U2)The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
(1)with the intention of...有 ……的目的/打算
(2)intend vt. 计划；打算
intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(3)intended adj. 打算的，计划的；
为……打算/设计的
be intended to do sth. 为了做某事
be intended for... 专门为……而设计的；
专供……使用的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)I am writing to invite you to an interview held by our English programme intended to promote(promote) our enthusiasm in English learning.[应用文写作之邀请信]
(2)I had intended(intend) to go to a summer camp in July, but I was informed that I would have to participate in an English speech contest.
(3)我写这封信的目的是想申请成为这次中国画展览的志愿者。
I'm writing this letter with the intention of applying to be a volunteer in this Chinese painting exhibition.[应用文写作之申请信]
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correspond　vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信
【经典例句】 Through correspondence, we were able to maintain a strong friendship despite the distance.　通过通信，我们能够保持牢固的友谊，尽管距离遥远。
(1)correspond to... 和……相当；与……一致
correspond with... 与……通信；与……一致
(2)correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系；
一致
in correspondence with... 与……一致；与……有通信联系
(3)corresponding adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Only when we make our actions correspond with/to our words can we win the trust of others.[读后续写之主旨升华]
(2)The teacher made the teaching plan, and the corresponding(correspond) learning tasks were assigned to the students.
(3)我过去经常写信与朋友联络，而现在网络使我们的沟通更方便了。
→I used to correspond with my friends while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient. (correspond vi.)
→I used to be in correspondence with my friends while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.(correspondence n．)
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behave　vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现
【经典例句】
①The teacher praised the students for behaving well during the school assembly.
老师表扬了学生们在校会期间的良好表现。
②(外研必修一U5)The research on the monarch's behaviour has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.
不管怎样，对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究让人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。
(1)behave oneself 守规矩/举止得体
behave well/badly 表现得好/差
behave...to/towards sb. 对某人举止……
(2)behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习性
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The new teacher, wearing a warm smile, behaves patiently to/towards the students with learning difficulties.
(2)(外研必修三U1)Disappointed by his behavio(u)r(behave), I said all this to my best friend.
(3)老师提醒学生们在校外旅行期间要守规矩。
The teacher reminded the students to behave themselves during the school trip.
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tolerate　vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受
【经典例句】
①(人教选必三U3)The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.
村民们再也不能忍受这种情况了。
②(2022·全国甲卷)We can't tolerate people throwing garbage into oceans, so we will launch a campaign to appeal to people to protect our oceans.
我们不能容忍人们向海洋扔垃圾，因此我们将发起一项运动，呼吁人们保护我们的海洋。
(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍(某人)做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的；包容的
be tolerant of/towards...　 对……容忍
(3)tolerance n. 容忍；包容；忍耐力
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He tolerates working(work) under pressure, but he prefers a more relaxing work environment.
(2)(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes are achieved through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance(tolerate).
(3)若想建立持久的关系，你必须容忍他人的不完美。
If you want to build lasting relationships, you must be tolerant of/towards others' imperfections．
[应用文写作之建议信]
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“忍受”的其他表达：
(1)stand　(2)bear　(3)put up with
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oppose　vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒
【经典例句】
①(人教选必一U2)In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars.
在这篇文章中，很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。
②(北师大选必三U9)So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic; as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.
因此罕见疾病的基线很低，并且某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
(1)oppose (sb.) doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事
oppose A to/against B 使A与B对抗/对照
(2)be opposed to 反对；对抗
as opposed to... 和……相反，
而不是……
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对面的
prep. 与……相对；在……对面
n. 对立面；反面
be opposite to... 在……对面，与……相反
(4)opposition n. (强烈的)反对，
反抗
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·浙江卷1月)In practice, doubt has had the opposite(oppose) effect.
(2)There will be a lot of opposition(oppose) to that plan of the tunnel across the river.
(3)环保主义者反对在保护区修建新高速公路。
The environmentalists are opposed to the construction of the new highway through the protected area.
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表示“反对、不赞成”的短语还有disagree with、be against、object to、hold a negative attitude towards。
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pure　adj.纯净的；完全的；纯粹的
【经典例句】 (教材P25)There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity.
有些国家采取干预措施，以保持其母语的纯正，以捍卫自己的身份。
(1)purely adv. 完全，仅仅
(2)purity n. 纯洁；纯净；纯粹
【单句语法填空】
(1)It's purely (pure) coincidental that we both chose to call our daughter Emma.
(2)White has always been a symbol of purity(pure) in Western cultures.
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pessimistic　adj.悲观的，悲观主义的
【经典例句】
①(人教选必三U2)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.　我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上成功，我们经常会变得悲观并想要放弃。
②So pessimistic was my classmate that he had no idea how to release his tremendous pressure.
我的同学是如此悲观，以至于他不知道如何释放自己巨大的压力。
(1)be pessimistic about... 对……感到悲观
(2)pessimistically adv. 悲观地
pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义
【单句语法填空】
(1)(北师大选必二U6)There are many times I have been pessimistic about or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.
(2)Despite the current difficulties, his pessimism(pessimistic) about the future is unfounded.
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tendency　n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好
【经典例句】
①(外研选必二U3)As we can see, emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place.
正如我们所看到的那样，表情符号大有随处可见的趋势。
②(人教必修三U2)She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果并培养下一代医生。
(1)a tendency to/towards... ……的倾向/趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
(2)tend vi. 趋向，倾向；往往会
vt.& vi. 照管，护理
tend to/towards sth. 有……的趋势，倾向于……
tend to do sth. 往往会做某事
tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/照管某人/某物
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·全国甲卷)When a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce(produce) stretched and soft meows.
(2)People who have a tendency(tend) to overthink often find themselves in a state of anxiety.
(3)这个女孩不仅悉心照料生病的母亲，而且放学后还去做兼职工作来补贴家用。
Not only did the girl tend (to) her sick mother but she also took a part-time job to support her family after school.
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slip　vi.滑倒；滑落；溜；降落；陷入；摆脱；偷偷塞；被遗忘　n．差错；纸条；滑跤
【经典例句】
①(北师大选必三U8)Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves.
苏告诉他约翰西想要像树叶一样离去。
②(2023·浙江卷1月)What was he doing there His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.　他在那里干什么？自从最后一季的演出之后，他的声望下降了。
slip away 逃走；溜走；流逝
slip up 疏忽；出差错
slip into 逐渐陷入
slip out of 悄悄溜出
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)It was such a good chance.How could she let it slip away
(2)The old man slipped into unconsciousness and died the next day.
(3)就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，这个男孩悄悄溜出了他的房间。
It was while his father was sleeping that the boy slipped out of his room．[读后续写之动作描写]
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the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..
【经典例句】
①(教材P25)The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
外来词使用的时间越长，听起来甚至看起来就越像母语。
②(外研选必四U6)The more we know, the more we feel our ignorance; the more we feel how much remains unknown.
我们了解得越多，就越感到自己的无知；就越感觉未知的事物有很多。
(1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，如果句意明确，该结构常以省略形式出现；
(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级/more and more＋多音节形容词或副词原级”意为“越来越……”。
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)(人教必修二U3)He or she may also post embarrassing photos and information about those people. However, the more polite(polite) you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
(2)(人教必修三 U1)Festivals are becoming more and more commercial(越来越商业化), with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
(3)你睡得越早，醒来时就越感觉精力充沛。
The earlier you sleep, the more energetic you feel when you wake up.
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Studying animal behaviour(behave) can give us insights into their habits and environment.
2．Instead of blaming the child, she gave him a tolerant(tolerate) smile and let him go.　
3．His interest in writing came from a long correspondence(correspond) with a close college friend.
4．A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.
5．Many investors are pessimistic about the economic recovery in the short term, fearing that new challenges may arise.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．在这个旨在帮助心脏病患儿的项目中，独生子女享有优先权。
In the programme aiming to help kids with heart disease, preference is given to those who are the only child in their family.
2．她打算把自己的失败变成未来成功的垫脚石。
She had the intention of turning her failures into stepping-stones for future success.
3．(北师大选必二U5)她有时很麻烦、固执且易怒，当没有人理解她时，她有摔东西的倾向。
She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.
4．父母向他们的儿子强调，他在他的新学校必须守规矩。
The parents emphasized to their son that he must behave himself at his new school．

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