资源简介

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[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．We saw an old man riding a donkey on the dusty(dust) mountain track.
2．We felt so proud of our country and became more motivated(motivate) for the contest.
3．Most media coverage(cover) disapproves of the travellers' lifestyle and value.
4．To improve the study efficiency，we must reflect on what we have learnt frequently(frequency).
5．She worked as a teaching assistant(assist) at the university, grading papers and leading discussion groups.
6．My calculations(calculate) were based on the assumption that house prices would remain steady.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Some parents want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
2．It's our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
3．The musical festival was worthy of being seen and it was comprised of many appealing programs.
4．We had to write a paper on how we planned to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
5．It has been raining for a couple of weeks, and we long for sunshine.
6．It is my responsibility to assist my parents with the housework.
维度三　完成句子
1．由来自各个领域的专家组成的委员会将审查提案。
The committee composed of/comprised of/made up of/consisting of experts from various fields will review the proposals.
2．参加各种各样的活动使这位申请人拥有了更多的能力。(动名词短语作主语)　
Engaging in a variety of activities enabled the applicant to have more competence.
3．虽然我很佩服你的勇气，但有时候不参与更好。
While I admire your courage, it's sometimes better not to get involved.
4．直到作为交换生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。(强调句型)
It was not until he went to America as an exchange student that he realized the importance of learning English well.
5．这件外套看起来和那件外套一样，但价格几乎是它的两倍。(倍数表达)
This coat looks just the same as that one, but it costs almost twice as much as its price．
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研选必四U6】
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
1．What can we infer from the passage about the ancient Shu Kingdom's bronze statues
A．They were made to study the stars.
B．They were used for religious ceremonies.
C.They represented the people's fear of the unknown.
D.They showed the people's interest in the night sky.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the mysterious large-eyed...distances into the stars”可知，古代蜀国的神秘青铜雕像表明了当时的人们对夜空产生了兴趣。
2．How did the invention of the telescope change our understanding of the universe
A.It made us believe that the universe was smaller than we thought.
B．It showed us that there were no other planets in the universe.
C．It helped us realize that the universe was much larger than imagined.
D．It proved that the Sun was the only star in the galaxy.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Our power to investigate and...larger than was previously imaginable.”可知，望远镜让我们意识到宇宙比想象的大很多。
3．What did the Hubble Space Telescope help us work out
A．The age and nature of the universe.
B．The location of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
C．The secret of the bronze statues.
D．The reason for the universe's expansion.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe”可知，哈勃太空望远镜帮助我们测算出宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质。
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The history of the telescope.
B．The mysteries of the night sky.
C．The development of our understanding of the universe.
D.The achievements of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人们对宇宙理解的发展。
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly's flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机).Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonfly's shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.
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Chahl's team used a special photography technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance, making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads and undertake long observation missions.
Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations.Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down in mid-air.This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer drones that can right themselves.
Of course, not all attempts to build dragonfly—like drones are successful. TechJet's air vehicle was supposed to operate as an aerial camera, observation and security drone, but it failed before production got underway. Similarly, Insectothopter, an American dragonfly spy drone built in the 1970s was deserted.
Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid. In fact, NASA has settled on a nuclear-powered autonomous craft called Dragonfly to explore the surface of Saturn's moon Titan in 2034.NASA's project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but engineers are still convinced they can crack the code of nature's most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。
1．Why did aeronautics specialists spend months studying the dragonfly's flight
A．To build 3D models from digital images.
B．To make winged drones modelled after it.
C．To clarify the flexibility and efficiency of drones.
D．To display the shape and movement of the dragonfly.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Aeronautics specialists...to build a winged drone.”可知，航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行是为了仿照它制作有翼无人机。
2．What is the purpose of dragonflies' special skill
A．To glide to safety.
B．To avoid tricky situations.
C．To perform observation tasks.
D．To adjust themselves to stay stable.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dragonflies are found to...with their engines turned off.”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能是它们调整自己以保持稳定的能力。
3．What is the author's attitude towards winged drones
A．Skeptical.　　　 　　B．Uncertain.
C．Supportive. D．Conservative.
C　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid.”以及“NASA's project is...revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.”可推知，作者对有翼无人机的态度是支持的。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Winged Drones: Still a Long Way to Go
B.Javaan Chahl: An Innovative Leader of Aeronautics
C．A Dragonfly's Flying Technique: Perfect for Drones
D．The Code of Nature: A Solution to NASA's Space Exploration
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容可知，文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。C项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2025·濮阳期末)If you hear someone say that there's “an elephant in the room”， there's no need to be worried. This is an idiom that means there's a big, clear problem or difficult situation that people don't want to talk about. It's almost as if there's an elephant standing in the corner, but everyone is pretending it's not there! So you might understand why “The elephant in the room” is the name Dutch artist Johannes-Harm Hovinga gave to his new project.
For 20 days during June and July, 2024, Hovinga sat in a museum in the Dutch city of Arnhem and used a tool to make holes in the 7，700-page United Nations report on climate change.
This was an artistic protest. He wanted to draw attention to climate change and to show that the world's governments aren't doing enough to try to save the planet. “Climate change is the elephant in the room”， Hovinga was saying through his art—the big, clear problem that we're not doing enough about.
He had printed the pages of the report on different colored paper so that when he made the holes, there were large piles of colorful circles next to the table where he sat. People were able to watch Hovinga making his holes between June 22 and July 14, and see those piles getting bigger. Some visitors were touched as they watched, the museum said.
Each day, Hovinga sat for six hours making holes, only drinking water and taking short breaks to use the bathroom. He said he began taking painkillers after two days because of the pain in his back, neck, and arms. The project ended on July 25 when Hovinga returned to take the paper piles away. But he has more hole-making projects planned for the future.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了荷兰艺术家约翰内斯-哈姆·霍温加通过在联合国气候变化报告的每一页上打孔来抗议全球气候变化问题，并指出这是一个被忽视但明显存在的重大问题。
5．Why is the idiom mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To lead in the name of a project.
B．To describe an interesting scene.
C．To explain a common language usage.
D．To show a special animal painted by an artist.
A　解析：推理判断题。第一段先解释了“an elephant in the room”这个习语的含义，接着说“So you might understand why...Hovinga gave to his new project.”可知，提到这个习语是为了引出荷兰艺术家新项目的名字。
6．What is Hovinga's purpose of his behavior
A．To promote his artworks.
B．To help protect the earth.
C．To advertise a new art style.
D．To call for action to care for elephants.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This was an artistic protest...try to save the planet.”可知，霍温加这么做是想呼吁人们采取行动保护地球。
7．Which of the following can best describe Hovinga
A．Odd but flexible.
B．Humorous and energetic.
C．Picky but productive.
D．Creative and responsible.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，霍温加通过在联合国气候变化报告上打孔这一独特的艺术形式来表达对气候变化问题的关注，展现了他的创造力；再根据第三段中的“This was an artistic protest...aren't doing enough to try to save the planet.”可知，霍温加意识到气候变化这一全球性问题，并通过自己的行动试图引起人们对该问题的重视，促使各国政府采取更多行动来拯救地球，体现了他对地球环境的责任感。
8．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Hovinga had great fun doing his work.
B．Hovinga wants more people to join him.
C．Hovinga will continue with similar projects.
D．Hovinga broke off the project because of pain.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容，尤其是最后一段中的“But he has more hole-making projects planned for the future.”可知，霍温加计划在未来开展更多类似打孔的项目。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·威海高二期末)Recently, I had the chance of attending a bird release event at the Carpenter Nature Center. This event not only reconfirmed my 1 in the resilience (韧性) of nature but also provided a lot of inspiration for my art.
Several 2 birds, nurtured and cared for by the devoted staff at the Raptor Center, were about to set out on their journey back to 3 ．
I couldn't help but reflect on my own 4 with the Raptor Center years ago, when I had the honor of releasing a great owl into the wild. The memory kept 5 me of the profound connection that we share with the natural world.
During the recent event, alongside the bird release, there were also ambassador (大使) birds present. These birds, 6 to return to the wild due to their injuries, 7 educational ambassadors, enlightening the 8 about the wonders of these grand creatures. It was during my interaction with one of these ambassadors that the seed of 9 for my newest hawk painting was planted. The complicated details of its feathers, the piercing gaze, and the untamed (未被驯服的) spirit 10 my imagination, lighting a creative fire within me.
These experiences and the continuous study of wildlife lay the groundwork for my future 11 . Each encounter with these creatures, whether in the wild or in the 12 of devoted professionals, deepens my understanding of their core. It 13 me to capture not just their physical form but also their 14 ．
As an artist, these encounters with wildlife fuel my 15 spirit and deepen my connection to the natural world.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加了在卡彭特自然中心举行的鸟类放飞活动，在和动物接触的过程中，动物也为作者的艺术创作提供了灵感。
1．A.belief B．success
C．interest D．progress
A　解析：根据下文“in the resilience of nature”可知，此处指作者对自然的韧性的信念(belief)。
2．A.marked B．injured
C．trapped D．trained
B　解析：根据下文“due to their injuries”可知，此处指几只受伤的(injured)鸟。
3．A.safety B．adventure
C．freedom D．independence
C　解析：根据下文“to return to the wild”可知，鸟类最后要回归野外，即踏上回归自由(freedom)的旅程。
4．A.deal B．discussion
C．encounter D．experiment
C　解析：根据下文“when I had the honor of releasing a great owl into the wild”以及“Each encounter with these creatures”可知，此处指作者回想起几年前与猛禽中心的邂逅(encounter)。
5．A.informing B．warning
C．convincing D．reminding
D　解析：根据下文“me of the profound connection that we share with the natural world”可知，记忆提醒作者与自然世界有着深刻的联系。remind sb. of sth.为固定短语。
6．A.unwilling B．unable
C．unhappy D．unlucky
B　解析：根据下文“to return to the wild due to their injuries”可知，此处指这些鸟由于受伤而无法(unable)返回野外。
7．A.serve as B．compete for
C．turn to D．help with
A　解析：根据上文“there were also ambassador birds present”及下文“one of these ambassadors”可知，无法回到野外的鸟担任(serve as)教育大使。
8．A.staff B．artists
C．public D．hunters
C　解析：根据上文educational ambassadors以及下文“about the wonders of these grand creatures”可知，这些鸟作为教育大使，向公众(public)宣传这些伟大生物的奇迹。
9．A.determination B．love
C．curiosity D．inspiration
D　解析：根据上文“provided a lot of inspiration for my art”可知，此处指和动物互动给作者提供了灵感(inspiration)。
10．A.challenged B．limited
C．captured D．changed
C　解析：根据下文“my imagination, lighting a creative fire within me”可知，鸟类的特性引起(capture)了作者的想象力，点燃了内心的创作之火。
11．A.plans B．choices
C．releases D．artworks
D　解析：根据上文“provided a lot of inspiration for my art”可知，这些经历和对野生动物地不断研究为作者未来的艺术品(artwork)奠定了基础。
12．A.care B．presence
C．control D．study
A　解析：根据上文“nurtured and cared for by the devoted staff”可知，此处指这些生物在专业人士的照顾(care)下。
13．A.persuades B．allows
C．forces D．promises
B　解析：根据下文“me to capture not just their physical form”可知，此处指接触动物让(allow)作者捕捉到了这些动物的特点。
14．A.beauty B．spirit
C．future D．difference
B　解析：根据上文the untamed spirit以及“me to capture not just their physical form”可知，捕捉到的不仅是身体形态还有精神(spirit)方面。
15．A.creative B．free
C．adventurous D．optimistic
A　解析：根据上文“lighting a creative fire within me”可知，此处指这些与野生动物的接触激发了作者的创作(creative)精神。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·三明高二统考)As the world witnesses more and more extreme weather patterns，it is becoming 1.____________(increasing) difficult to ignore the effects of climate change on our planet. It is now a common topic of discussion and has even found 2.____________(it) way into the books we read. As a result of this, a literary genre (体裁) 3.____________(refer) to as climate fiction, or cli-fi，has found new life.
The term “cli-fi”4. ____________(use) for the first time in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Bloom.He intended to make “climate fiction” more appealing.According to Bloom，the term really gained 5.____________(popular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it on 6.______________Internet，introducing it to her half-a-million followers.
Just 7. ______________the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with the central theme of climate change or global warming. These kinds of books can inspire the readers 8.____________(imagine) what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
The genre is quite welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that are relevant 9.______________what is really happening today.Cli-fi has also helped to motivate students to pursue science majors，with some universities even 10.____________(offer) courses specially focusing on climate fiction.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着世界见证了越来越多的极端天气模式，气候小说受到了更多人的关注。
1．increasingly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，修饰形容词difficult，应用副词形式。
2．its　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词way，应用形容词性物主代词。
3．referred　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语；主语a literary genre与refer之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
4．was used　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语；根据时间状语in 2007可知，应用一般过去时；主语The term “cli-fi”与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用第三人称单数形式。
5．popularity　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，应用名词形式。popularity意为“流行、受欢迎”，为不可数名词。
6．the　解析：考查冠词。on the Internet意为“在网上”，为固定搭配。
7．as　解析：考查定语从句。空后有谓语suggests 和 refers，空处应用连词。结合句意可知，“the name suggests”修饰逗号后的整个句子，因此空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词as，表示“正如”。
8．to imagine　解析：考查非谓语动词。inspire sb.to do sth.意为“启发某人做某事”，为固定用法。
9．to　解析：考查介词。be relevant to...意为“与……相关”，为固定搭配。
10．offering　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语。此处为with复合结构，逻辑主语some universities 与 offer 之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。Period 3　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(想象故事之偶遇外星人)
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假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇想象故事，叙述你遇到外星人的一次经历。内容如下：
1.周四晚上遇到一个外星人(个子矮、头和眼睛很大、棕色皮肤)；
2.乘坐飞碟，遨游太空，欣赏夜景；
3.你的感受。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　审题谋篇
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INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　遣词造句
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 字斟句酌添细节，写作框架雏形现
[第一段]　叙述偶遇外星人的事件
1．我正在做作业的时候，突然看到天空中有一个发光的不明飞行物越来越近，最终降落到地面。
I was doing my homework when suddenly I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky coming nearer and nearer and eventually landed on the ground．
2．然后一个长着大脑袋和大眼睛，棕色皮肤且很矮的外星人从里面出来了。
Then a very short alien with a big head and eyes and brown skin came out of it.
[第二段]　详述与外星人相遇过程及相处细节
3．他一看见我，就向我挥手，邀请我乘坐飞碟去旅行，我同意了。
As soon as he saw me, he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO and I agreed.
4．我们立即进入了飞碟，然后它从地面起飞了。
We hurried into the UFO and then it took off from the ground．
5．它飞得如此之快，以至于我们在短时间内就进入了太空。
It flew so fast that we were in space in a short time．
6．从飞碟向外看，我看到了我们生活的美丽的蓝色地球和其他闪烁的星星在黑暗的空间里转动。多么美妙的场景啊！
Looking out of the UFO, I saw the beautiful blue Earth on which we live and other shining stars circling in dark space. What a fantastic scene!
7．大概过了一个小时，我请求外星人把我送回地球。
After what seemed an hour, I asked the alien to send me back to the earth.
[第三段]　总结自己的感受
8．这是一次多么精彩和难忘的经历啊！
What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was!
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9．[读教材原句]　(外研选必二U2)Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding.
[记句式]　介词短语置于句首引起完全倒装
[学仿写]　用完全倒装改写句2
Then out of it came a very short alien with a big head and eyes and brown skin.
10．[读教材原句]　(译林必修三U2)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
[记句式]　the moment引导时间状语从句
[学仿写]　用“the moment引导时间状语从句”改写句3
The moment he saw me，he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO and I agreed.
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One possible version：
On Thursday evening, I was doing my homework when suddenly I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky coming nearer and nearer and eventually landed on the ground. Then out of it came a very short alien with a big head and eyes and brown skin.
The moment he saw me, he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO and I agreed. We hurried into the UFO and then it took off from the ground. It flew so fast that we were in space in a short time. Looking out of the UFO, I saw the beautiful blue Earth on which we live and other shining stars circling in dark space. What a fantastic scene! After what seemed an hour, I asked the alien to send me back to the earth.
What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was!
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第一段简要交代故事的背景、时间、地点或人物等 1.There was an interesting experience happening last year, which I still remember now. 去年发生了一件有趣的事，至今我还记得。2.Up to now, I still remember one embarrassing thing which happened years ago.直到现在，我还记得几年前发生的一件令人尴尬的事情。3.Yesterday was my classmate Fred's birthday and I was invited to have dinner at his home with some other classmates.昨天是我同学弗雷德的生日，我应邀和其他同学去他家吃晚饭。
第二段故事产生的细节、原因、方式等 1.Seeing we were puzzled, he gave us further explanation about the matter. 看到我们感到困惑，他就对这件事作了进一步的解释。2.We were quite confused/puzzled when he told us to take the lift down one floor.当他告诉我们乘电梯下一层楼时，我们很困惑。3.To my astonishment/surprise, he told me his sister was “wicked”．令我感到惊讶的是，他告诉我他的姐姐是“邪恶的”。
第三段故事的结局、总结或评论 1.It turned out that the word meant “nice” rather than “bad”．结果发现，这个词的意思是“好”而不是“坏”。2.Only when he explained this term could I understand that he was trying to find his friends.　只有当他解释这个词语的时候，我才明白他是在努力寻找他的朋友。3.Since then I have paid more attention to the use of English idioms.从那以后，我更加注意英语习语的使用。4.Since then, I decided to work hard to improve my English. 从那时起，我决定努力提高我的英语水平。
写作二　场景微续写(汤姆的戒烟挑战与胜利)
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词汇积累 [心理描写]　negative, pessimistic, make up one's mind[人物描写]　surgeon, beard, specialist, consultant, dizzy, dentist, dynamic, stressed out, worn out[动作描写]　abuse, dominate, rely on, facilitate, examine, delete, decide on, shave off, disturb，skip, stimulate, enhance, refresh, absorb
佳句积累 [情感描写]　1.If we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. 2.I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. 3.After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. [动作描写]　Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk.[主旨升华]　1.As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”2.As Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.”
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[场景呈现]　汤姆对戒烟持消极态度。他依赖香烟多年，放弃吸烟的想法似乎不可能。有一天，他下定决心要戒烟。这个决定并不容易，每当想抽烟时，他都会感到焦虑不安。他制定了一个计划，开始锻炼以刺激他的身体。他还让自己沉浸在阅读和绘画等爱好中。渐渐地，汤姆意识到他可以依靠自己克服这个挑战。最后，他的决心得到了回报，他成功地戒了烟。
Tom had a negative attitude towards quitting smoking. He had relied on cigarettes for years, and the idea of giving them up seemed impossible. One day, he 1.made up his mind to quit. The decision was not easy, and 2.he felt stressed out whenever he wanted a cigarette(whenever引导时间状语从句). He 3.decided on a plan and started exercising to stimulate his body. He also absorbed himself in hobbies like reading and painting. Gradually, Tom realized 4.that he could rely on himself to overcome this challenge. Finally, his determination paid off, and he successfully quit smoking.
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短语必记
1.down in the dumps　　　 (情绪)低落，沮丧
2.in low spirits 情绪低落
3.feel blue 感到悲伤/沮丧
4.lack of motivation 缺乏动力
5.be pessimistic about 对……悲观
6.avoid challenges 回避挑战
7.resistance to change 抵触变化
8.negative mindset 消极的心态
必背金句
1.She's been in low spirits lately because of her health problems.
由于健康问题，她最近情绪低落。
2.She's always pessimistic about the future and thinks that nothing good will happen to her.
她总是对未来感到悲观，认为不会有好事发生在她身上。
3.She's been lacking motivation to study since she didn't do well on her last exam.
自从上次考试没考好后，她就缺乏学习的动力。
4.With a negative attitude on his face, he always saw the glass as half empty rather than half full.
他脸上带着消极的态度，总是看到事情不好的一面，而不是好的一面。
5.Even though she had a supportive family, she felt pessimistic about her ability to overcome her challenges. 尽管有一个支持她的家庭，她对自己克服挑战的能力感到悲观。INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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中医文化
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【高频词汇】
1．herbal adj. 药草的
2．prescription n. 处方
3．efficacy n. 功效
4．tablet n. 片剂
5．capsule n. 胶囊
6．ointment n. 药膏
7．extract n. 提取物
8．physician n. 医师
9．diagnose v. 诊断
10．dosage n. 剂量
11．grind v. 研磨
12．stubborn adj. 顽固的(指病症)
13．cure v. 治愈
14．supplement n. 补充剂
15．chronic adj. 慢性的
16．acute adj. 急性的
17．optimal adj. 最佳的(健康状态)
18．physical adj. 身体的
19．mental adj. 心理的
20．holistic adj. 整体的(健康观念)
【话题佳句】
1．(外研选必三U5)In today's modern world, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
在当今的现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的思想，可能会让我们更接近于实现个人的幸福和满足。
2．(译林选必二U3)One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”， or Chinese acupuncture. It was developed long ago, perhaps as early as 2000 BCE.There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
最著名的中医疗法之一是“神奇的针”或称中国针灸。它是很久以前发展起来的，也许早在公元前2000年。有证据表明，针灸疗法可以追溯到石器时代，当时人们用一种叫做“砭”的石器来按压身体的各个部位。
3．(人教选必一U1)This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科研和中医药能够在全世界传播，确实是一种荣幸。
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In the past, herbal medicines have been said to be composed of four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary and auxiliary (君、臣、佐、使). This means that, although there are several herbal medicines in a prescription, only the primary 1.plays(play) the decisive role in curing the disease while others function in their order of place. Generally they 2.are related(relate) to each other and each has its own role to play in the prescription. The so-called primary herbal medicine is the one 3.that takes the dominating position in the prescription. 4.Originally(original) it can refer to any herbal medicine. However, according to the book 5.entitled(entitle) On the Property of Herbal Medicine, the tender, cool and mild herbal medicines are taken as primary. The less tender, cool and mild ones are listed to be secondary or tertiary while the 6.poisonous(poison) ones are mostly designated to be the auxiliary. It is indeed a wrong statement. If a doctor wants to cure the stubborn disease, he can use dangerous defatted croton (去油巴豆) seed powder as primary herbal medicine.
Traditional Chinese Medicine is often made into a decoction (汤剂), powder (散剂) or pellet (丸剂). And each has its own functions. In ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine was often prescribed in 7.the form of a decoction rather than a powder or pellet. Only recently have doctors begun to write out prescriptions of this kind. The powder takes effect a bit 8.slower(slow) than decoction and pellet is the slowest. These are general cases 9.where the traditional Chinese medicine is used. It all depends on a doctor's medical knowledge 10.to choose(choose) the form of the medicine to be used for the patient. A fixed rule can never work.
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Feeling stressed Try forest bathing.
Adapted from The Washington Post
There is a new field of medicine that might sound too good to be true. The therapy can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, improve mood, help with sleep and even enhance the immune system, yet there are no pills involved and no side effects. This medical field is called forest medicine, based on the practice of shinrin-yoku, a Japanese phrase that translates to “forest bathing”. Forest bathing is not physical exercise, but rather a form of relaxation while experiencing the forest through all five senses.
The idea that being in nature can be therapeutic is not new, but it was only in the last two decades that researchers began documenting the health benefits of forest immersion. Qing Li, a physician and professor at Nippon Medical School in Tokyo, is widely regarded as a founder of the field of forest medicine. He and his colleagues have authored dozens of peer-reviewed papers demonstrating the health benefits of forest therapy.
One meta-analysis of 20 clinical trials found that forest bathing can reduce blood pressure. Other studies revealed that the practice decreases hormones related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Forest bathing has also been shown to lower anxiety and reduce depressive symptoms, and there is also data associating forest immersion to higher levels of anticancer proteins.
Li's hypothesis for the wide-ranging effects is that being in a forest decreases stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. The reduced stress response relaxes the brain, reduces blood pressure and impacts other body systems including the endocrine (内分泌) and immune systems.
“The relaxing effects of forest bathing begin to appear 20 minutes after you begin and reach their maximum effect after two hours，” Li told me in an interview. “The longer you bathe in the forest, the greater the effect will be.” Li explained that though forest medicine is in its nascency in the United States, it is so well established in Japan that there are 65 official “forest therapy bases” across the country. Some Japanese companies contract with these bases to improve their employees' health and manage their stress, and some even pay for their employees' forest outings with company insurance.
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1．forest bathing 森林浴
2．enhance v．增强；提高
3．immune system 免疫系统
4．therapeutic adj.有疗效的
5．document (熟词生义) v．记录
6．immersion n．投入
7．physician n．内科医生
8．author (熟词生义) v．创作；写作
9．peer-reviewed adj.同行评审的
10．trial n．实验
11．symptom n．症状
12．anticancer adj.抗癌的
13．hypothesis n．假设
14．nascency n．事物的初期阶段、萌芽状态或诞生的过程
15．established (熟词生义) adj.成熟的，公认的
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答案：1.therapy　2.Origins　3.results　4.work　5.established
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“Forest bathing” offers health 1.benefits like stress reduction and improved mood without 2.pills. Studies show it lowers blood pressure and 3.anxiety. According to Dr. Qing Li, it is emerging in the U.S. but well established in Japan.
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1.This medical field is called forest medicine, based on the practice of shinrin-yoku, a Japanese phrase that translates to “forest bathing”．
[分析]　句中“based on...shinrin-yoku”为动词-ed形式作定语；“a Japanese phrase...”作同位语；that引导定语从句。
[翻译]　这一医学领域被称为森林医学，其理念源自“shinrin-yoku”这一日本术语，该术语意为“森林浴”。
2.The idea that being in nature can be therapeutic is not new, but it was only in the last two decades that researchers began documenting the health benefits of forest immersion.
[分析]　句中第一个that引导同位语从句；“it was only in the last two decades that...forest immersion”为强调句型。
[翻译]　身处自然环境能够起到治疗作用这一观点并不新鲜，但直到近二十年，研究人员才开始系统地记录森林疗愈对健康产生的益处。
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Meg on the Party
Excerpt from Little Women
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美国南北战争时期，一个普通家庭的四个姐妹的成长之路。
Someone then came to ask Meg to dance, so she heard no more those words, but was quite upset① the rest of the night, though② she tried not to let her upset show it. That night, Meg had difficulty sleeping③， and woke up more anxious and upset than when she went to sleep. The next morning at breakfast, however, Meg realized, as④ she looked around at the other girls present⑤， that⑥ they treated her with more respect, took quite an interest in what⑦ she said, and looked at her with eyes full of curiosity⑧. All this surprised and pleased her, and put her more at ease for the coming party on Thursday. Belle informed⑨ her that she planned to invite “your friend, Mr.Laurence，” though Meg again explained he was simply a friend, rather than a lover.
Meg was feeling so cheerful before the party on Thursday, thatB10 Sallie finally convinced her to wear one of her beautiful silk dresses. Meg couldn't refuse the offer so kindly made ， particularly after Sallie and her sisters promised to turn her into “a little beauty”. That evening, the girls made Meg into a fine lady, curling her hair, making up her face, and giving her earrings, a necklace and bracelets (手镯) to wear.
“I'm afraid to go down to the party，” said Meg to Sallie, after seeing in the mirror that she was “a little beauty”， but not finding herself as she looked.
“You don't look a bit like yourself, but you are very nice，” returned Sallie, trying not to care that Meg looked prettier than she did.
That evening, Meg danced and laughed with young gentlemen, but suddenly stopped when she saw Laurie. He was staring at her in surprise and disapproval .
“I'm glad you came, I was afraid you wouldn't，” she said, trying to look confident in her new look.
“Jo wanted me to come, and tell her how you looked, so I did，” answered Laurie.
“What will you tell her？” asked Meg, full of curiosity.
“I will say that I didn't know you, asyou look so grown-up and unlike yourself. I'm quite afraid of you.”
“Oh，” Meg said nervouslyafter a pause, “Oh, Laurie, I want you to do me a favor Please don't tell them at home about my dress tonight. They won't understand the joke, and it'll worry Mother. I will tell them myself all about it, but I'd rather do it myself.”
“I promise that I won't say a word to them.”
“Thank you, just say that I looked pretty well, and was having a good time.”
Later that evening, as Meg was resting in one of the side rooms after dancing, she heard someone pass by, saying—
“They are making a fool ofthat little girl. I wanted you to see her, but they have spoilt her entirely. She's nothing buta doll tonight.”
“Oh, dear！” said Meg to herself. “I wish I'd worn my own things, then I would not have felt so uncomfortable and ashamed of myself.”
The next Saturday, Meg went home, quite eager to be with her family again.
“It does seem pleasant to be quiet, and not have company manners all the time. Home is a nice place, though it isn't splendid，” said Meg, the day after her returning home, sitting on the sofa with her mother and Jo.
Meg had told everyone her adventures and what a charming time she had had, but after the younger girls went to bed, and she was left alone with her mother and Jo. She decided she must explain what had happened at the parties.
“Marmee, I need to tell you something.”
“I thought so; what is it, dear？”
Meg then explained what had happened at the two parties, and how terrible she had felt after the second. Her mother was quite worried, however, after hearing that the other girls believed she and Laurie to be lovers.
“Now, my dear, I want you to forget that foolish gossip (闲言碎语) as soon as you can. I was very unwise to let you go among people of whom I know so little. I am more sorry than I can express for the trouble it has caused you, Meg. Now, think nothing more of what those foolish people said. One thing to remember: Mother is always ready to be your confidante (知己), and you will always be the pride and comfort of my life.”
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①upset adj.沮丧的；不开心的
②此处为though引导让步状语从句。
③“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”。
④此处为as引导时间状语从句。
⑤present adj.出席，到场
⑥此处为that引导宾语从句。
⑦此处为what引导宾语从句。
⑧curiosity n．好奇
⑨inform v．告知
“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”。　
convince v．说服
此处为v.-ed作后置定语。
particularly adv.尤其；特别
此处为v.-ing作状语。
此处为“介词＋doing”结构。
return [熟词生义] v．回答说
此处为v.-ing作状语。
stare at凝视
disapproval [熟词生义] n．不快
confident adj.自信的
此处为as引导原因状语从句。
grown-up adj.成熟的
nervously adv.紧张地
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
make a fool of 捉弄；使出丑
spoil v．破坏；毁坏
nothing but只不过
此处为虚拟语气。
feel ashamed of为……感到羞愧
此处为形容词作状语。
eager adj.渴望的；热切的
company manners虚礼
splendid adj.华丽的
此处为v.-ing作伴随状语。
a charming time
玩得痛快的时光
leave alone独处
unwise adj.愚蠢的；不明智的
此处为“介词＋whom”引导定语从句。
此处为省略关系词的定语从句。Period 2　Grammar and usage
主语从句
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在句中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据这类从句在句中的语法功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的引导词有：
连接词 that、whether、if
连接代词 what、who、whom、whose、which、whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever
连接副词 when、where、why、how
一、that引导的主语从句
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(1)(教材P20)That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
哈勃望远镜位于太空中，使它比地面望远镜看得更远，也让科学家们对宇宙有了更多的了解。
(2)(外研必修二U3)That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
足球是一项如此简单的运动，这或许是它得以流行起来的基础。
(3)(外研选必三U1)I mean, isn't it better that I'm large and happy, instead of skinny and unhealthy
我的意思是，我又壮硕又快乐，而不是又瘦又不健康，这不是更好吗？
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1．that在主语从句中不充当成分，无实际意义，只起连接作用，但通常不能省略。
2．it作形式主语的常见句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句．
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋that从句．
(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句．(如果过去分词表示建议、命令、要求等，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。)
(4)其他句型
It doesn't matter that...……是无关紧要的。
It occurred to/struck/hit sb. that...某人突然想到……
It seems/appears that...看起来……
It happens that...碰巧……
It turned out/proved that...结果是……
二、whether/if引导的主语从句
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(1)(北师大选必三U9)How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument.
怎样使用它，它究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，这完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。
(2)(人教选必一U5)However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
然而，是否有可能培育出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，是一个有很大争议的问题。
(3)It is still under discussion whether/if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel.
是否该把这个旧的公共汽车站换成一家现代化的旅馆仍在讨论中。
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whether/if引导的主语从句 相同点 不同点
whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否” whether引导的主语从句可置于句首或句末
if引导的主语从句不能置于句首，只能置于句末
三、连接代词引导的主语从句
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(1)(外研选必三U1)Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but what I say is that my pictures aren't hurting anyone, so who cares
爸爸认为我是个自恋狂，但我要说我的照片没有伤害任何人，所以谁在乎呢？
(2)What the young artist expressed in his paintings has attracted widespread attention from art critics and enthusiasts around the world.
这位年轻艺术家在画作中所表达的(内容)引起了世界各地艺术评论家和爱好者的广泛关注。
(3)Who invented the telephone is a well-known fact, but the story behind it is fascinating.
谁发明了电话是一个众所周知的事实，但背后的故事却引人入胜。
(4)Which book you should read first depends on not only your level of understanding but also your personal interests and preferences.
你应该先读哪本书不仅取决于你的理解水平，而且取决于你的个人兴趣和偏好。
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连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which、whatever、whoever、whichever等引导主语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，且不可省略。
四、连接副词引导的主语从句
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(1)(人教选必一U5)How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.
如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。
(2)Where they'll move their office to is not clear.
他们要把办公室搬到哪里还不清楚。
(3)When we'll hold our sports meeting is still unknown now due to the uncertainty of the weather conditions.　由于天气状况的不确定性，我们何时举行运动会现在还不清楚。
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连接副词when、where、why、how引导主语从句时，在句中既是连接词，又在从句中作状语。when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语；how作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语从句，也常用it作形式主语。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
3．Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
4．It is still under discussion where we should hold the annual conference.
5．How life began on the earth is one of the biggest puzzles to scientists, despite significant progress in other fields of biology.
6．That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.
7．It is not a problem whether/if we can win the match; it's just a matter of time.
8．Whether the meeting will be held on time is still a question because of the uncertain weather conditions.
9．Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. Give your all to the tasks that matter most to you, and you will find joy and fulfillment in your efforts.
10．Whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival every year, which attracts kite enthusiasts from all over the country.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．鉴于当前的状况，比赛是否能按计划进行仍不清楚。
Given the current situation, whether the competition will go ahead as planned remains unclear.
2．很多辛苦的工作总有一天会得到回报，这肯定是事实。
It is certainly true that a lot of hard work will pay off someday.
3．我们如何在这么短的时间内筹集到一大笔钱是一个问题。
How we can raise a huge amount of money in such a short time is a problem.
4．这些鸟类每年为什么迁徙到这个地区仍在研究中。
Why these birds migrate to this area every year is still being studied.
5．我最钦佩的是他是一个如此有奉献精神的科学家，在一生中做出了巨大的贡献。
What I admire most is that he is such a devoted scientist that he made great contributions during his lifetime.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·常德六中高二期中)To help astronauts of the future survive the mental challenges that come with living in space for extended periods of time, space travelers' missions could soon be accompanied by AI-powered, empathetic (有同感的) robotic assistants.
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Not only does space travel present astronauts with a lot of physical stresses, but spending months or years in such a physically demanding place with limited space and the same people can pose lots of mental tests as well. According to MIT Technology Review, scientists are working to ease some of the mental challenges facing astronauts by creating “an AI assistant that's able to feel human emotions and respond with empathy”．
While such a technology would prove itself useful by being able to predict the needs of crew members and intervene (介入；干预) if their mental health is in need of help, it has the potential to be a life-saving helper when humans choose to explore beyond the Earth's gravitational field and towards deep space.
Though astronauts currently on the International Space Station have an intelligent robot to interact with, it lacks proper emotional intelligence. As a result, a team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is working on a more advanced and complicated emotional support companion that can control a spacecraft's functioning in addition to tracking crew member's behavior.
Right now in the lab, an AI-equipped robot called Henry the Helper can be found wandering around the grounds helping visitors who appear confused or lost based on their facial expressions. Two more emotionally intelligent robots are expected to be introduced later in the year, one of which is said to be able to participate in conversations more complex than giving navigation assistance.
The team's final goal is to make a companion named Fiona the Future a reality, an emotionally intelligent cross-platform system. Rather than being limited to a physical robotic device, it could be digitally integrated (使结合) into space stations and habitats on Mars and beyond. Fiona, if all goes according to the JPL's plans, will help keep astronauts of the future mentally fit as they start their journeys to deep space.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来宇航员可以在有同理心的智能机器人的陪伴下完成太空探索任务。
1．Why are the emotional support robots needed
A.To help astronauts get rid of physical stresses.
B.To protect astronauts from emotional suffering.
C．To achieve the mission of exploring deep space.
D．To test the robots' ability to feel human emotions.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“According to MIT Technology Review...respond with empathy.”可知，研发这种机器人是为了帮助宇航员应对长期在太空生活所带来的精神挑战，缓解他们面临的一些心理问题，保护他们免受心理问题的折磨。
2．What is TRUE about the current intelligent robot on the International Space Station
A．It can save astronauts' lives.
B．It has emotional intelligence.
C．It can interact with astronauts.
D．It can predict astronauts' needs.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Though astronauts currently...lacks proper emotional intelligence.”可知，国际空间站现有的智能机器人能与人互动，但是缺乏理解人类情感的能力。
3．What do we know about Fiona the Future
A．It is due to be introduced soon.
B．It will offer mental health support.
C．It is just a physical robotic device.
D．It is available on the space stations now.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，团队的终极目标是研发出一种跨平台情感智能系统，如果进展顺利，它能够为宇航员提供心理上的帮助，使其能保持心理健康。
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A travel brochure.
B．A medical journal.
C．A science magazine.
D．A business magazine.
C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了未来宇航员可以在能提供情感帮助的智能机器人的陪伴下完成太空探索任务，是一篇科技类报道，其最可能出自一本科学杂志。
B
Johannes Fritz, an Austrian biologist, needed to come up with a plan again if he was going to prevent his rare and beloved birds from going extinct.
To survive the European winter, the northern bald ibis (北秃鹳) needs to migrate south for the winter over the Alps. But shifting climate patterns have delayed when the birds begin to migrate and they are now reaching the mountains too late to make it over the peaks, locking them in an icy death trap. Determined to save them, he decided to teach the birds a new, safer migration route by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft. He was confident that he could succeed in this daring, unconventional plan.
Some 400 years ago, the Europeans hunted these birds without stopping and devoured the last in the wild, causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild. When Mr. Fritz was born 56 years ago, the northern bald ibis could be found in Europe only in captivity (圈养).
Mr.Fritz has spent his career reintroducing the birds into the wild. Through years of trial and error, he learned to fly like a bird. He modified (改装) a lightweight aircraft so it would fly at speeds slow enough for the birds to keep up. In 2004, he led the first flock from Austria to Italy, and has since led more migrations. But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully. With climate change warming the area where the birds summer, they now start their migration at the end of October instead of the end of September. The trip is expected to take about six weeks, “Still, we're optimistic that it'll work，” said Mr. Fritz.
His family and colleagues witnessed the risks he was taking. “But the unavoidable risks are necessary，” Mr. Fritz said. “It's not so much a job, but my life's purpose.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了奥地利生物学家约翰内斯·弗里茨为了防止他心爱的稀有鸟类灭绝，决定教它们一条新的迁徙路线。
5．What was Johannes Fritz's plan
A．To shorten bald ibises' migration route.
B．To lead bald ibises to migrate on a new route.
C.To better the climate patterns for bald ibises.
D．To find out a safer destination for bald ibises.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Determined to save them...by guiding them himself in a tiny aircraft.”可知，约翰内斯·弗里茨的计划是带领北秃鹳沿着一条新的路线迁徙。
6．What does the underlined word “devoured” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Destroyed.　　　 　 B．Abused.
C．Released. D．Raised.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“causing the birds to disappear entirely from the wild”可知，欧洲人不停地猎杀这些鸟，并在野外毁灭了最后一只，故画线词与destroyed意义相近。
7．Why was Mr. Fritz's initial route for the birds ineffective
A．Owing to the long time it consumes.
B．For the slow speed of his modified aircraft.
C．Because of the toughness along the first route.
D．Due to higher temperatures in the summer habitat.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But the route he originally taught the ibises does not work successfully...instead of the end of September.”可推知，弗里茨先生最初寻找的路线是无效的，因为夏季栖息地的温度更高。
8．Which of the following can best describe Mr. Fritz
A．Honest. B．Innovative.
C．Straightforward. D．Demanding.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Determined to save them...succeed in this daring, unconventional plan.”可知，约翰内斯·弗里茨教授秃鹰新的迁徙路线。由此可推知，他是有创新想法的。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，昨天晚上你做梦梦见了外星人，请你给你的朋友汤姆(Tom)写一封信，讲述这个有趣的梦。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Tom，
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Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I'm writing to tell you my interesting dream, in which I came across an alien.
After finishing my homework, I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately. Suddenly, I saw a UFO land in the yard. Out came an alien, who looked tall and strong with two heads and three eyes. When I saw the alien walking towards me, I was too astonished to move. The alien seemed to be saying something to greet me but I couldn't understand it. Just at that time, a loud noise woke me up. It was my alarm clock.
Do you think my dream is interesting Write to me about your dream.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Sisters
Lynn sighed as she struggled to remove a spot on her new T-shirt. She was feeling quite annoyed. Her sister, Ava, had completely ruined her nice Saturday morning.
Couldn't a super-busy teenage girl get some rest from a continuously-working week Okay, maybe Lynn had pushed Ava onto the table, spilling (洒出来) juice all over floor. Maybe her mom had blamed Ava for what happened and didn't give Ava time to explain. Ava, punished without reason, was in a stormy mood. To take revenge on Lynn, she “accidentally” spilled a bowl of jelly onto Lynn, ruining Lynn's new T-shirt. But Lynn was sure Ava got what she deserved. Just last week, Ava had secretly poured sticky glue on Lynn's seat in class. Lynn couldn't have been happier to see her sister suffer.
This chain of revenge had been going on between the two girls ever since there had been too much school stress (endless homework, mountainous tests, and many more) in eighth grade. And then their mom was always on her phone and taking business trips, hardly having time to stay with her family.
As Lynn thought about all this, she couldn't help feeling a bit thoughtful and nostalgic (怀旧的), remembering the time when she and her sister were peaceful, particularly during their childhood game—Conquer the World. It didn't actually mean to conquer the world; instead, it was their playful challenge to climb a pretty steep and high rock at the back of their house. And when they got to the top, they would have “conquered the world”. The sisters hadn't actually managed to do that yet. They stopped trying after a while since it looked a bit stupid for teenagers to climb a rock.
Lynn sighed and gave up trying to clean the jelly on her shirt. Perhaps...it was time to stop having a world war with her sister. She got up and changed into a new shirt.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Lynn knocked on her sister's door.____________________________
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The rock still seemed pretty high and steep for the sisters.________________________________________________________
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One possible version:
Lynn knocked on her sister's door. She hesitated for a moment, wondering if Ava would even want to hear what she had to say. Ava opened the door, her expression guarded. “Hey Ava，” Lynn began softly, “I was thinking about that game we used to play. Remember how we never actually made it to the top of the rock Maybe we could try again sometime. It's been a while since we did anything fun together.” Ava's eyes widened slightly, surprise mingling with curiosity. For a heartbeat, it seemed as if the tension between them eased just a fraction. So they came to the rocks behind the house.
The rock still seemed pretty high and steep for the sisters. As they approached it, Lynn felt a sense of nostalgia washed over her. They started climbing, their conversation light and filled with laughter. Halfway up, they paused to catch their breath and gaze out at the world below them. It felt like they were conquering something far greater than just a rock—perhaps the walls of misunderstanding and resentment that had built up between them. When they finally reached the top, they hugged, their laughter echoing across the landscape. “We did it, Ava. We conquered the world，” Lynn said joyfully, and for once, there was no trace of sarcasm or revenge in her voice.INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
家人陪伴“我”渡过难关
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不同的场景下，人们会有不同的脚部动作；不同的心情、心理状态也会有不同的脚部动作。因此，使用恰当的脚部动作能够刻画人物、塑造形象，能够与人物活动的场景进行互动，解析故事情节的发展、演变。因此，根据不同的方式，要积累相应的脚部动作的高频动词及语块，丰富动作描写，并有效传递情感。
1．高频动词
脚部动作 例词
不同的移动 walk 步行，散步　stroll 散步，闲逛　skip 蹦蹦跳跳地走　trip 脚步轻快地走　step 踏步走　run 跑　race 快速移动　jog 慢跑　wander 漫步　pace 踱步　drag 缓慢而费力地移动　escape/flee逃跑　charge/rush/dash 冲，猛冲　approach接近，靠近　tiptoe 踮脚走march 齐步走　stride 大步走　climb 攀爬　crawl 爬
其他 stamp跺脚　jump/leap 跳　kick 踢　kneel 跪　freeze 停住不动　rise起身，起立
2.高频语块
脚部动作 语块 脚部动作 语块
挣扎着站起来 struggle to one's feet 跌倒后起来 pick oneself up
溜走 slip out of 来回踱步 pace up and down/back and forth
拖着/摇晃着/盘着腿 drag/swing/cross one's legs 冲进 rush into
接近，靠近 get close to 追逐 chase after
加快脚步 quicken one's steps 挤过去 push/force one's way
摸索着走 feel one's way 猛冲出去 storm out
跪下 kneel down/go down on one's knees　 待在原地 stand rooted to the spot/ground/freeze to the ground/spot
绊倒 trip over 摇晃着走 stagger along
一动不动 couldn't move an inch 踩空 miss one's footing
突然跳起来 jump/leap/spring to one's feet
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]Have you ever been so depressed that you can't sleep You also can't eat. You can't read. You have no friends to call up and nothing is good on TV. So you sigh, press your face down harder into your pillow, and shed a few tears.
[2]This was my life two years ago. I had just turned 14 but already found life a struggle. As I lay in my bed one Saturday, Mom peeked (瞄) into my room to make her regular “Is Emily still alive” check. I knew that if I spent more time like this, she would begin dusting me. After suggesting a few things for me to do that I immediately rejected, Mom made her move. “Emily! Get dressed! I'm taking the dog out for a walk, and you're coming with me！” “Why？” I protested. “Because it'll make you feel better.”
[3]The thought of moving was unbearable. I felt as if all of my body parts were weighed down by tons of bricks. I couldn't remember the last time I had gone outside. Somehow I found the strength to slip on a pair of jeans and a black sweatshirt. Mom was waiting at the door, leash (狗绳) in hand and dog at her side.
[4]Then, we stepped outside. It was a warm March day and it had been a long time since the warmth of the sun had touched my cheeks. Mom led the dog and me down some dirt paths, through a big field and reached Halsey Pond. But the signs of spring had yet to appear and the scene was rather colorless throughout the entire journey.
[5]“I'm tired! It's boring, Mom! When can we go home？” “Not yet，” she'd say. Mom stopped to say hi to every jogger, dog walker, runner, and bicyclist who passed us. Sometimes she would get into a conversation. They would talk about weather, dogs, and all small talk topics. She seemed happy, and was literally glowing (热情洋溢的). After walking for what seemed an age, Mom finally said it was time to go back.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
When I got home, a new feeling seemed to be awakened._____________________________________________________
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A new Saturday found me asking Mom if I could take the dog out.__________________________________________________________
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INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 一审——审要素
【When & Where】
[2]This was my life two years ago. I had just turned 14 but already found life a struggle.
[4]Then, we stepped outside. It was a warm March day and it had been a long time since the warmth of the sun had touched my cheeks.
【Who】
I, my mom
【What & Why】
[2]As I lay in my bed one Saturday, Mom peeked into my room to make her regular “Is Emily still alive” check.
[2]After suggesting a few things for me to do that I immediately rejected, Mom made her move．
[3] Somehow I found the strength to slip on a pair of jeans and a black sweatshirt.
[4] Mom led the dog and me down some dirt paths, through a big field and reached Halsey Pond.
[5]Mom stopped to say hi to every jogger, dog walker, runner, and bicyclist who passed us. Sometimes she would get into a conversation. They would talk about weather, dogs, and all small talk topics.
【How】
[1]Have you ever been so depressed that you can't sleep
[2]Because it'll make you feel better．
[3]The thought of moving was unbearable．
[5]I'm tired! It's boring, Mom! When can we go home
[5]She seemed happy, and was literally glowing．
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 二定——定主题：正能量原则
That walk didn't just change my day; it became the start of my journey out of the darkness, with Mom as my guiding light．
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 三构思——QA模式：构思每段三个微情节
根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What's the new feeling
[Answer] The weight on my mind seemed to have lifted.
[Question 2] What gave me the new feeling
[Answer] My experience with my mom.
[Question 3] What was my change？(和第二段段首句衔接)
[Answer] I began reading and was determined to go out regularly.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What was my mother's reaction
[Answer] She was surprised but agreed.
[Question 2] What did I see and how did I feel this time
[Answer] I no longer felt bored and began to appreciate the scenery.
[Question 3] What moral would the story express
[Answer] That walk became the start of the journey out of the darkness, with Mom as a guiding light.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 四成文——梳理思路，完成正文
特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
When I got home, a new feeling seemed to be awakened._____________________________________________________
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A new Saturday found me asking Mom if I could take the dog out.__________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
When I got home, a new feeling seemed to be awakened. The heaviness that had weighed me down before seemed to have lifted. (微情节一：“我”的沉重情绪开始消失) The simple act of being outside, feeling the warmth of the sun, and hearing the chirping of birds had literally lifted my spirits. I realized how long I had isolated myself from the outside world. (微情节二：“我”与妈妈外出的经历给“我”带来新感觉) Suddenly, I felt an urge to explore more. I even picked up a book that had been gathering dust on my desk and started reading. To my surprise, the words no longer swam before my eyes meaninglessly. Filled with delight, I decided then and there that I would like to take the dog out regularly. (微情节三：“我”开始阅读，并决定经常外出)
A new Saturday found me asking Mom if I could take the dog out. Though surprised, she nodded without hesitation. (微情节一：妈妈对“我”要外出的要求感到惊讶，但同意了) As we strolled through the familiar paths, instead of being bored, I began to notice the subtle changes in the scenery. The trees were starting to bud, flowers were beginning to bloom, and the pond was alive with the sounds of frogs and insects. It was as if nature itself was coming alive, mirroring the newfound sense of life within me. With each step, I felt a little lighter, a little more alive. Looking at my mom's smile, I felt a connection with her and the world around me that I had lost. (微情节二：“我”不再感到无聊，并开始欣赏风景) That walk didn't just change my day; it became the start of my journey out of the darkness, with Mom as my guiding light. (微情节三：主旨升华，有妈妈作为“我”的指明灯，散步帮助“我”走出黑暗)
INCLUDEPICTURE "续写热点透视窗上LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "续写热点透视窗上LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to exercise seven years ago after having a wake-up call.She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues，which ultimately led her to getting surgery.After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a change. [Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle，before discovering a passion for weightlifting.]①
...
“Hold on. [Consider failure as a stepping stone to success and never give up.]② Stick to your plan，”she said.“Help others. [Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when shared.]③” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the goal is to feel good, not look good.” INCLUDEPICTURE "手LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "手LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　背铺灰语料，积续写基石
[话题]
人与自我——个人生活——运动与健康
[内容概要]
Evelyn Donohue在一次手术后决定改变自己的生活方式，通过健身重燃生命活力。
[注释]
①心理描写
②鼓励他人不惧失败
③主旨升华：成功因分享而更甜蜜单元过关检测(二)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节， 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the man doing
A．Cooking dinner.
B．Playing basketball.
C．Watching a game.
2．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At the barber's.
B．At the tailor's.
C．At the butcher's.
3．How will the man come back
A．By air.　 　B．By train.　 　C．By ship.
4．What are the speakers doing
A．Taking a picture.
B．Having a haircut.
C．Looking at a photo.
5．What is the conversation mainly about
A．Taking math class.
B．Borrowing notes.
C．Visiting the amusement park.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Classmates.
B．Doctor and patient.
C．Teacher and student.
7．What field does the girl want to work in
A．Law. B．Education. C．Health.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．How does the girl describe Mr Samson
A．Hard-working.
B．Strict.
C．Embarrassing.
9．Who made a list of the mistakes
A．Toni. B．Chandler. C．Jacob.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Father and daughter.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Classmates.
11．What does the girl want to become
A．A security guard.
B．A computer security expert.
C．A computer science teacher.
12．What does the man suggest the woman do
A．Do well in math.
B．Major in math.
C．See math as a career.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What do many of Jake's classmates do to spend their summer
A．Take a job.
B．Have a summer course.
C．Volunteer their services.
14．Why does Vocal ID want to collect a lot of different voices
A．To teach languages.
B．To improve the computer sound system.
C．To help people who can't speak.
15．When did the woman last see the man
A．Three hours ago.
B．One week ago.
C．Two weeks ago.
16．According to Jake, what is difficult about recording his voice
A．Making sure there's no noise around him.
B．Looking for something interesting to read.
C．Finding enough time.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Where can copies be made
A．On Level 1.
B．On Level 2.
C．On Level 3.
18．How many books can a graduate student check out
A．Up to two.
B．Up to five.
C．Up to fifteen.
19．What is the late fee for a book that is 10 days overdue
A．$5. B．$15. C．$20.
20．When does the library close on Friday
A．At 8：30 p．m.
B．At 9：00 p．m.
C．At 10：00 p．m.
答案：1～5.CABCB　6～10.CCBCA
11～15.BAACC　16～20.ABCAC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Honey, could you take the garbage out while I am preparing the dinner
M：OK，I'll do it right after the live basketball game.①
(Text 2)
M：How would you want me to cut it
W：I'd like to try a new hair style.②Could you show me some pictures of hair styles
(Text 3)
W：We'd like to send you to a ship company in Shanghai on a business trip this weekend.You'll get on the train tonight at 7 p．m.
M：The train？③ Will I be flying back then
W：But we've bought the return ticket for you.③
(Text 4)
W：Grandpa，how come your hair looks so different in this picture？④
M：Well, because I was a lot younger then.You see, when you get older, you start losing your hair.Don't worry, though.It's different for girls.
(Text 5)
M：Did you take notes in math class？If so, can I borrow them？⑤ I wasn't there because I was at an amusement park.
W：I do have some notes, but I am reading them right now.Maybe you should ask someone else for help.
(Text 6)
M：Today we're going to discuss what you would like to do once you leave school.What job do you see yourself doing in the future ⑥
W：I thought about being a police officer or a lawyer，but now I think I would like to be a doctor.⑦
M：It takes years of study to become a doctor.We would need to see an improvement in your grades.⑥
W：I am working harder so that I can get into university.
M：Would it help if we scheduled additional time after class
W：Yes, I would be very grateful.
(Text 7)
M：What a relief! Our dorm passed another inspection.
W：Congratulations, Chandler.Mr Samson is pretty strict，⑧ so you must have worked really hard.
M：Oh, yeah.We spent hours on it. Our room had never passed.There always had been some small things wrong.
W：Mr Samson posts a list of which rooms failed and why.I hate that.
M：I was very embarrassed, Toni.But Jacob wasn't. He used those lists to help us improve.
W：What do you mean
M：Well, Jacob has been keeping track of all the mistakes we've made.He made it into a new list for us to avoid the mistakes.⑨
W：That sounds so cool.Could I borrow that list？My room never passes, either.
(Text 8)
W：I think I want to become an expert on computer safety， but the schools that I want to apply to don't have that major.I know that there are some private colleges that offer it.Should I send applications to those places, too
M：I don't think that's a good idea, honey.⑩You can consider that as a career, but I think you should study a broader subject in school.
W：Like what
M：Well, what would be a learning requirement for a computer security job
W：Computer science!
M：Definitely.But let's go even further.Do you know what you should learn well in order to be good at computer science
W：Math
M：Yes!
W：But...I don't know if I want to major in math.It seems like it would be so hard!
M：It's okay, honey.You don't have to only study math.But you do need to have a solid background in it. Choosing computer science as your major is good, but you should also take plenty of math classes. No matter what you plan to do, I'm behind you, my little girl.⑩
(Text 9)
W：I haven't seen you around for a while, Jake.
M：Yeah, I've been busy working on a project in my spare time.
W：Oh，did you take a summer job？I know a lot of our classmates are doing that.
M：No, that really didn't interest me.
W：Some of us are doing it for the experience.Are you doing one for practice
M：I'm volunteering for Vocal ID, a company that collects voice recordings to help people who cannot talk.
W：You mean people like Stephen Hawking
M：Exactly.People who have to type into a keyboard to produce a voice have suffered, because their speech sounds just like a computer.This place is collecting voices and matching them with people who need them.
W：What a fantastic idea! But doesn't that take a lot of time
M：Not really.I'm almost finished.I'll work on it for one more week.It's just about three hours of reading into the computer.
W：Three hours？So, that is why I haven't seen you for the last two weeks.
M：The company recommends that we just record 15 minutes at a time.So our voices will be fresh.You should try it!
W：I'd feel funny recording my voice.
M：But it's actually interesting.You just read stories.The hard part is finding a time when the house is quiet.
(Text 10)
Hello, and welcome to the university library.This taped tour will introduce you to our library facilities and operating hours.First of all, the library's collection of books, reference materials, and other resources are found on Level 1 to Level 4 of this building.Our humanities and map collections are on Level 1.On Level 2, you will find current magazines and journals, and our copy machines. Our science and engineering sections can be found on Level 3.Finally, group study rooms, our microfilm collection and the multimedia center are located on Level 4.
Undergraduate students can check out up to five books for two weeks.Graduate students can check out fifteen books for two months. Books can be renewed up to two times.There is a 50-cent-a-day late fee for overdue books, up to a maximum of $15. Magazines and reference books cannot be checked out.The library is open weekdays from 8：00 a．m.to 10：00 p.m.， and on Saturdays from 9：00 a．m.to 8：30 p．m.The library is closed on Sundays.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you're stuck in an emergency or would like to prepare for an approaching disaster, below are the apps you need on your phone or tablet.
Life360: Family Location Tracker
Location tracking is essential during any emergency, and Life360 is one of the best phone tracking apps out there to get the job done.You can use it to monitor the whereabouts (去向) of your friends and family and even get alerts (警报) when they leave and arrive at certain locations that you set up.
AccuWeather: Alerts for All Weather Types
Most disasters are weather-related, and AccuWeather is one of the best all-purpose weather apps.It provides timely emergency alerts for all sorts of events, making it a great hurricane tracker app and a general weather app for showing when it will snow, rain, flood, etc.
Zello: Walkie-Talkie App for Quick Calls
Zello is a walkie-talkie app that makes staying in contact with individuals and groups of people really easy.It's also helpful for facilitating communication between kids and the elderly who might know how to use a phone properly.When you're actively connected to a Zello channel, you can lock your phone and still hear it when someone talks, which makes this especially helpful during emergencies.
GasBuddy: Gas Station Locator
Shopping for the cheapest gas station isn't something you have time to do during an emergency, but you still need gas.GasBuddy is the easiest way to find the cheapest gas stations around where you are or where you're headed, and you can even save money each time you fill up.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些能在你遇到紧急情况的时候帮助你，或者能让你为即将到来的灾难做准备的应用程序。
21．What is Life360
A．A social communication app.
B．A tracking app.
C．A search engine.
D．A job-seeking app.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据Life360: Family Location Tracker部分中的“Location tracking...get the job done.”可知，Life360是一款定位跟踪应用程序。
22．How can AccuWeather help
A．By providing the latest news.
B．By foretelling extreme weather.
C．By finding the cheapest gas stations.
D．By preventing weather emergency.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据AccuWeather: Alerts for All Weather Types部分中的“It provides timely emergency alerts...for showing when it will snow, rain, flood, etc.”可知，该应用程序能通过预测极端天气来帮助你。
23．Which favors the seniors
A．Life360.　　　　 　 B．AccuWeather.
C．Zello. D．GasBuddy.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据Zello: Walkie-Talkie App for Quick Calls部分中的“It's also helpful for facilitating communication...use a phone properly.”可知，Zello对老年人有利。
B
Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching alien life, but have you heard about the scientist who was responsible for detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy This is Frank Drake's story.
At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which astounded him. He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility—he thought Earth was it. So he wondered, what are they like Are the people the same as us Do they look the same way we do What's their planet like And of course, at that time, there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest.
Later on, when he was in college, he chose the elementary astronomy course. In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter. Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed. Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation (德雷克方程式), which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way.
People always say that the search for alien life has failed. “You've been searching for 60 years and you haven't found anything. So doesn't that say that intelligent life is very rare？” “That's wrong, because the amount of searching we've done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there. We've only covered a tiny fraction of all the possibilities，” Drake said. “When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people，” he added.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位负责探测第一批潜伏在银河系中智能生命踪迹的科学家法兰克·德雷克。
24．What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Touched. B．Motivated.
C．Puzzled. D．Amazed.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“At the age of 8...which astounded him.”可推知，德雷克不知道除地球以外还有其他星球，所以当爸爸告诉他的时候，他“大吃一惊”，画线词意为“使……吃惊”。
25．What made Drake really fascinated with astronomy
A.His observation of the Jupiter through a telescope.
B．His success in developing the famous Drake equation.
C.His knowing of the fact that there are other worlds in space.
D．His choice of the the elementary astronomy course in college.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the course...deeply absorbed.”可知，德雷克通过望远镜对木星的观测使他对天文学非常着迷。
26．What does Drake think of the alien searching work
A．It is totally a failure.
B．The alien life is rare.
C．It has a long way to go.
D．There are many possibilities.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That's wrong...of all the possibilities”可推知，德雷克认为对外星生物的搜寻工作还有很长的路要走。
27．Which of the following can best describe Drake
A．Curious and brave.
B．Creative and intelligent.
C．Talented and diligent.
D．Passionate and persistent.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Frank Drake is mostly known for...in the Milky Way.”及第四段中的“When you spend your entire life...than most people”可推知，德雷克对寻找智能生命踪迹是充满热情和执着的。
C
Commercial airlines alone contribute around 3 percent of total global carbon emissions. But the industry is actively looking for green solutions in the form of sustainable (可持续发展的) airline fuel, and in one case, that fuel may have had a previous life as your household food waste. In a study released in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers detail a method of transforming food waste into sustainable airline fuel.
Biomass (生物质), such as animal and food waste, can be transformed into biofuels, which are renewable liquid fuels made from organic matter. Derek Vardon, a senior research engineer at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), says that their fuel worked as a mixture of 90 percent conventional petrol airline fuel and 10 percent alternative airline fuel required by the industry currently. They also show they could push it to a 70/30 mixture with more time and testing available.
Major companies are eager to participate in sustainable airline fuel because some sustainable solutions, such as battery-operated commercial planes, just aren't possible yet with current battery technology. A battery-powered plane would be too heavy to fly long distances, so fuel that works in the same way as the fuel we have is a simpler way to trade out emission-heavy fossil fuels.
Vardon says that because the wet waste used in the process would normally go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and break down to release greenhouse gases, the process of making and using sustainable airline fuel could actually have a negative carbon footprint when scaled up.
Commercial airlines are also on board to find an affordable and sustainable solution to the carbon-intensive process of air travel. Airlines are looking to hit aggressive sustainability goals by 2050, including decreasing net carbon dioxide emissions by 50 percent.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究表明，将食物垃圾转化为可持续航空燃料，该燃料有望给未来客机带来动力。
28．Which of the following is used for sustainable airline power
A．Biomass. B．Liquid fuel.
C．Battery power. D．Fossil fuel.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知，生物质可以被转化为可持续航空燃料。
29．Why are commercial planes still fuel-powered
A．Biofuel proves less costly and easier to produce.
B．It's convenient to create the proper fuel mixture.
C．Biofuel is environmentally friendly and sustainable.
D．Fuel-powered planes are likely to travel lighter and farther.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，目前商用飞机仍是燃料驱动的原因是，与电池驱动相比，燃料驱动的飞机更加轻便、飞得更远。
30．What does the underlined phrase “on board” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Taking off.
B．Participating in.
C．Holding a meeting.
D．Appearing on stage.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，航空公司正积极完成可持续发展的目标，包括减少二氧化碳排放，为达成这一目标，需参与寻找可负担得起且可持续的方案。因此，画线词意为“参与”。
31．Which can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Alternative Energy to Fossil Fuel
B．How to Get Fossil Fuel Sustainable
C．Changing Food Waste into Airplane Fuel
D．How to Decrease Carbon Dioxide Emissions
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句可知，文章讲述了研究人员正在努力将食物垃圾转化为可持续的航空燃料。因此，C项最适合作文章的标题。
D
The United Kingdom hosted the AI Safety Summit, bringing politicians, computer scientists and big AI company leaders to a site chosen for its symbolism：Bletchley Park, the birthplace of computing and code-breaking (密码破译).
During World War Ⅱ， a group of mathematicians, chess masters and other experts gathered at the Victorian country house 72 kilometers northwest of London to start a secret war against Germany. Their goal was to break a set of constantly changing codes produced by Germany's Enigma machine. To crack it, mathematician Alan Turing—building on work done by Polish code-breakers—developed the Bombe, a forerunner of modern computers. Later, Bletchley Park's wartime scientists developed Colossus, the first programmable digital computer. Some historians say cracking the code helped shorten the war by up to two years.
“It has oversimplified its true contribution to describe Bletchley Park as a playground for Turing and other scientists，”said historian Chris Smith, author of The Hidden History of Bletchley Park. “It fits into the romantic idea that a group of smart men with a bit of wool and some yards of wire can win the war. In fact, almost 10，000 people worked at Bletchley Park during the war. Three quarters of them were women.It was basically a factory...Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. When peace came, the code-breakers returned to civilian life and promised to keep their wartime work secret. It was not until the 1970s that the work at Bletchley Park became widely known in Britain.”
In 1994, the site opened as a museum, after local historians banded together to prevent it from being pulled down to build a supermarket. It was restored to its 1940s appearance, complete with old typewriters, phones and cups—including the one chained to a radiator (暖气片) in Hut 8, where Turing led the Enigma team.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国举办的人工智能安全峰会选址——布莱切利园的背景知识。
32．What can we learn about the Bombe
A．It was invented by Germany.
B．It was designed to send secret messages.
C．Its goal was to produce the first computer.
D．Polish code-breakers also made a contribution to it.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To crack it, mathematician Alan Turing...a forerunner of modern computers.”可知，数学家艾伦·图灵在波兰密码破译人员所做工作的基础上研发了Bombe，即波兰密码破译者也为Bombe的研发做出了贡献。
33．What did Chris Smith most probably imply
A．Women's hard work was overlooked.
B．The secret should not be kept for so long.
C．The computer ought to be more powerful.
D．It was silly to say the machine shortened the war.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It has oversimplified...and other scientists”可知，把布莱切利园描述成图灵和其他科学家的活动场所过于简化了它的真正贡献。再根据“In fact, almost 10，000 people...seven days a week.”可知，战争期间有近一万人在布莱切利园工作，其中四分之三是女性。由此可推知，克里斯·史密斯认为女性的付出被忽视了。
34．Why is the cup mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To highlight the government's support.
B．To show the perfect restoration of the site.
C．To stress Turing's important role in the project.
D．To tell the difficulty in collecting the lost items.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was restored...where Turing led the Enigma team.”可推知，作者提到杯子这一细节是为了说明布莱切利园的复原工作做得非常到位。
35．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To advocate women's equal rights with men.
B．To advertise a newly restored computer museum.
C．To show the significance of an important meeting.
D．To add some background to the AI Safety Summit.
D　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要是为读者提供一些有关人工智能安全峰会举办地——布莱切利园的背景知识。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board.Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence(AI) companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk.Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 36.________
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. 37.__________It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. 38.__________From language emerge myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code.AI's new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence 39.__________What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
40．__________We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜).Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends.What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A．Humans often don't have direct access to reality.
B．Language is the operating system of human culture.
C．In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.
D.By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.
E．Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F．For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G．It's difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of AI tools.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
36．E　解析：第一段中以飞机为例提出问题，而空前一句“Half of those...future AI systems.”表明AI会给人类带来灭绝危机，空处应承接上文，E项形象地说明了当下的情况，呼应上文。
37．G　解析：根据空后一句“It is even harder...powerful capabilities.”可知，空处应介绍AI工具难以掌控，G项符合语境。
38．B　解析：根据空前一句“In the beginning was the word.”和本段内容可知，空处应与人类语言有关，B项引出下文。
39．C　解析：空前一句“What would it mean...shaped by non-human intelligence？”提到AI在语言方面的应用，空处应与AI在其他方面的应用有关，C项符合语境。
40．A　解析：根据空后“We are surrounded...accounts of friends.”可知，人类并不直接接触现实，而是通过文化和他人描述，A项引出下文，符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2，000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make 41 during festivals.Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese 42 that the gunpowder escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was 43 ．
The first 44 use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the 45 of Kaifeng, the Song army 46 “arrows of flying fire”. The tubes were 47 to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. 48 the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they 49 them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th century there were many rocket 50 in England, France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit a(n) 51 ship.
Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a 52 chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and 53 of thick smoke. When the smoke 54 Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, no one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 55 ？
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了火箭可能是2 000年前偶然发明的，并且介绍了不同国家发明火箭的尝试。
41．A.cuisines B．decorations
C．explosions D．differences
C　解析：根据常识和空前的“The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make”可知，这样做的目的是制造爆炸(explosion)。
42．A.thought B．discovered
C．understood D．decided
B　解析：根据语境和空后的“that the gunpowder...into the air”可知，中国人发现(discover)了这一现象。
43．A.born B．burst
C．found D．improved
A　解析：根据文章第一句可知，第一段介绍了火箭是偶然发明，此处指发明火箭的想法就此诞生(born)了。
44．A.political B．official
C．military D．scientific
C　解析：根据下文的“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”可知，此处指火箭在军事上的(military)使用。
45．A.occupation B．attack
C．search D．battle
D　解析：根据上文的“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”和下文的the Song army可知，此处指开封战役(battle)期间。
46．A.lifted B．shot
C．exploded D．flied
B　解析：根据空后的“arrows of flying fire”可知，宋军发射(shoot)了火箭。
47．A.attached B．shaken
C．wrapped D．blown
A　解析：根据主语The tubes 和空后的“to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction”可知，此处指被连接(attach)到一根长杆上。
48．A.Finally B．Suddenly
C．Soon D．Thus
C　解析：根据空后的“the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves”可知，此处指不久(soon)蒙古人学会了自己制造火箭。
49．A.delivered B．threw
C．passed D．introduced
D　解析：根据空后的them to Europe和下文的in England, France and Italy可知，很可能是他们把火箭引入(introduce)到欧洲。
50．A.transformations B．performances
C．experiments D．exhibitions
C　解析：根据下文的“They were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist...surface of water”可知，此处指进行了许多火箭实验(experiment)。
51．A.business B．official
C．transportation D．enemy
D　解析：根据上文的“They were used for military purposes.”可知，此处指发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌(enemy)舰的火箭。
52．A.flying B．diving
C．surfing D．blowing
A　解析：根据上文的“Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.”可知，万户发明了一把能飞的(flying)椅子。
53．A.packs B．clouds
C．masses D．bunches
B　解析：根据语境和常识可知，火箭被点燃，会出现大量的浓烟(cloud)。
54．A.faded B．completed
C．cleared D．reflected
C　解析：根据空后的“Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, no one knows what happened”可知，此处指烟雾消散(clear)后的场景。
55．A.scientist B．researcher
C．astronaut D．explorer
C　解析：根据语境和miles into space可知，万户可能成为世界上第一位宇航员(astronaut)。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The year 2023 marks the 20th anniversary of China's first manned space mission. Since then, China, the third nation in the world capable 56.______________independently conducting manned space missions has carried out 12 crewed flights.
“Our manned space program has been developed rapidly. The scientists and engineers successfully completed each step we 57.______________(plan) for the program.” Yang, now a senior official of the manned space program, told that he felt very glad to see the nation's 58.____________(achieve) in space.
In August 1992, a special committee 59.____________(comprise) of high-ranking leaders decided that China would assemble a space station in the coming decades. The plan was approved in September that year. 60.______________marked the start of the nation's manned space program. To meet the 61.____________(ambition) goal, scientists made specific plans and took a systematic approach, 62.____________(advance) patiently from simple, multi-day flights to complicated and month-long missions.
Initially, Chinese researchers came across the problem 63.______________it was difficult to design a new-generation crewed spacecraft. Thankfully, they completed the Tiangong space station in 2022, 64.______________laid the foundation for the nation's first prospective manned expedition to the moon around 2030. Having orbited Earth about 400 kilometers, Tiangong 65.____________(expect) to operate for at least 10 years as a national space-based laboratory.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国是世界上第三个能够独立执行载人航天任务的国家。
56．of　解析：考查介词。(be) capable of doing sth.为固定用法，意为“能够做某事”。
57．had planned　解析：考查动词的时态。 分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，且发生在主句谓语动词completed之前，从句谓语应用过去完成时。
58．achievements　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用名词形式作宾语，achievement为可数名词，用复数形式表示泛指。
59．comprised　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， 动词comprise和被修饰的名词committee之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
60．It　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用代词it，指代上文提到的The plan。单词位于句首，首字母大写。
61．ambitious　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词goal。
62．advancing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词advance是伴随整个主句的自然而然的结果，空处应用现在分词形式。
63．that　解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，应用连词that引导。
64．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是整个主句的内容，应用关系代词which引导。
65．is expected　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处描述现在的事情，应用一般现在时；谓语动词expect和句子主语Tiangong之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且句子主语是第三人称单数，be动词应用is。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你从网上得知你市将举办智能机器人展览且正在招募志愿者。请你用英文写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.表明写信目的及自我介绍；
2.简述个人优势；
3.希望获准。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：智能机器人(intelligent robot)
Dear Sir/Madam，
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student. I'm really delighted to learn that an intelligent robot exhibition will be held in our city and some volunteers are needed.
I'm quite interested in it and writing to apply for it.As a teenager, I am outgoing, energetic, and responsible. Not only do I have great interest in robots, but I also have such a good command of English that I can communicate with others in English fluently. What's more, I have had some similar working experiences before.
I do hope that I can be a volunteer in your exhibition.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every evening, after finishing his homework or playing with his toys, 10-year-old Gail would throw everything into one place—the space under his bed. It was easy and quick, and before long, he forgot about it all. But as time passed, the mess under his bed grew into a mountain. Clothes, books, broken toys, and forgotten snacks had all found their way to his secret hiding spot.
One evening, his mom called from downstairs. “Gail, can you come down here, please？” Gail sighed. He knew what was coming. His mom had asked him countless times to clean his room, but he always promised he'd do it later. Now, he couldn't ignore it anymore. When he walked into the living room, his mom gave him that look—the one that told him he was in trouble.
“Gail，” she began, “your room is getting out of control. I know it's easy to just stuff things under the bed, but you're not organising anything. You're hiding the mess.”
Gail frowned (皱眉). “But Mom, I don't know where to put it all. If I clean it up, it'll just get messy again.”
His mom's face softened. “I understand. But when you keep everything hidden, you can't find what you really need. You end up feeling more frustrated (沮丧的), and the mess keeps growing.”
Just then, Grandma Rose, who had been visiting for the day, walked in. She had a warm smile on her face and a twinkle in her eye. “I hear someone needs a little help with organising，” she said, sitting down beside Gail.
Gail nodded, looking down at his hands. “I don't know how to keep it tidy. It feels like too much work.”
Grandma smiled gently. “Well, when I was young, I used to put my things in piles (堆), much like you do now. But one day, I realised something: my things weren't helping me when they were just piled up. They were getting in the way of what I wanted to do. So, I decided to find a better way.”
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Gail's eyes lit up with curiosity.______________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
The next day, they took the pile of things they had gathered to a local charity._______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Gail's eyes lit up with curiosity. “What did you do, Grandma？” he asked eagerly, his voice filled with wonder. Grandma smiled and nodded. “Well, I sorted through my things, kept what mattered, and gave the rest to charity.” As Grandma spoke, excitement grew within Gail. Feeling inspired, he stood up. “I want to do that too！” With that, he started by clearing everything under the bed. Under Grandma's guidance, he began to sort through the pile, piece by piece and then categorised it into things to keep, donate, and throw away. Slowly, the mess faded away and the room started to take shape.
The next day, they took the pile of things they had gathered to a local charity. As they handed over the things, the warm smile of the volunteers made Gail's heart swell with a mix of emotions—relief, pride, and a new sense of responsibility. “It feels good to help others，” he said quietly when they drove back. Looking at the tidy and neat room, Gail realised that keeping things organised can bring joy, not just to himself, but to others as well. From then on, Gail made sure to put his things in the right place and only keep what he truly needed. Cleaning up didn't feel like such a big task anymore.INCLUDEPICTURE "英YLXZXBX3Unit2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英YLXZXBX3Unit2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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[核心单词]　 gravity　 absence　 　 ceiling
bother occupy mission evaluate
maintenance circumstance exposure visible
vital discipline permanent altogether
crucial merely comprise foundation
origin frequency rocket motive
investment calculate coverage assistant
incredibly shelter constant
[单元语法]　主语从句
[重点短语]　come to an end, cast new light on, in the circumstances, at a time, in view of, at a speed of, plain to see, lay the foundation for, make sense of, apply to, a variety of
[重点句型]　1.as引导让步状语从句的倒装
2．be of＋抽象名词
3．while引导让步状语从句
4．倍数表达
[写作任务]　想象故事之偶遇外星人
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[Human beings and objects]
shuttle n. 航天飞机
planet n. 行星
capsule n. 太空舱
Jupiter n. 木星
Saturn n. 土星
Mars n. 火星
man-made adj. 人造的
united adj. 团结的
innovative adj. 革新的；创新的
determined and devoted 坚定忠诚
navigator n. 领航员；(飞机的)驾驶员
probe n. 宇宙探测航天器，航天探测器
alien n. 外星人
astronomer n. 天文学家
astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员
orbit n. 轨道
　 　vt. 绕轨道飞行
artificial adj. 人造的；人工的
brave and daring 勇敢无畏
[Actions and effects]
leap n. 飞跃，跳跃
on account of 由于
holy adj. 神圣的
flight n. 飞行
be proud of/take pride in 以……为自豪
set sth. in motion 使某事开始
under observation 正在被观察
space exploration 太空探索
float vi. 飘动，漂浮；浮
vt. 使浮动，使漂流
in spite of 不管
in a nutshell 简言之
on the whole 大体上
on average 平均起来
conquer the universe 征服宇宙
launch a weather/communication satellite 发射气象/通信卫星
improve the quality of life for humans 提高人类的生活质量
话题佳句
1.Wang Yaping, a woman astronaut, became the first person of China to teach in space.
王亚平，一位女航天员，成为中国首位在太空授课的人。
2．The chief designer of Russian national manned space program has died. For many years, he made great contributions to the development of Russian space program.
俄罗斯国家载人航天项目总设计师去世了。多年来，他为俄罗斯航天项目的发展做出了巨大贡献。
3．I argued him out of going on such a dangerous space travel.　我说服他不进行这样危险的太空之旅。
4．Going on a trip into space must be quite an exciting experience.　到太空旅行一定是一次令人兴奋的经历。
Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
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What does the text mainly tell us
A．The importance of space exploration.
B．How the writer became an astronaut.
C.An astronaut's daily life in space.
D.The differences and similarities between life on the Earth and in space.
答案：C
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答案：1.gravity　2.Sleeping　3.demanding　4.outside　5.Eating　6.health　7.discipline　8.leisure
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1．Why astronauts attach themselves when sleeping in space
A．They don't want anything to bother them.
B．There is almost no gravity in space.
C．They want to sleep in private room.
D．They want to sleep well in the space station.
2．Which of the following is NOT astronauts' routine task
A．Evaluating the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.
B．Checking the space station's support systems and do some cleaning.
C．Planting some plants in the space station.
D.Learning about changes in cells and microorganisms in a low-gravity environment.
3．What is the function of spacesuits when astronauts are outside the space station
A．Helping astronauts enjoy the splendid view of the Earth.
B．Protecting astronauts from potential risks, such as the cold and radiation.
C．Offering astronauts necessary food and drink.
D．Giving astronauts instructions on how to perform tasks.
4．How do astronauts feel at their leisure time
A．Satisfied.　　　　 　 B．Bored.
C．Disappointed. D．Nervous.
答案：1～4.BCBA
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1．It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.(Para.2)
[分析]　本句是由but连接的并列句。第一个分句中“It's strange that...”意为“奇怪的是……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[翻译]　试着在没有背部压力的情况下睡觉是奇怪的，但是这些特别的床却没有再困扰我们。
2．With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.(Para.3)
[分析]　本句是由so连接的并列句。第一个分句中的with复合结构相当于原因状语从句。
[翻译]　由于要进行这么多的工作，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并进行一些清洁。
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The daily life in space differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!
Due to the near 1.absence(absent) of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, 2.which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags. Our main mission in space is 3.to conduct(conduct) scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity 4.on animals and plants. The space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we 5.constantly(constant) check support systems and do some cleaning.
The most 6.challenging(challenge) work is performing tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. Most food in space 7.is dried(dry) or freeze-dried because fresh fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. 8.Considering(consider) low gravity's negative effects, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. Exercise in space is not your average workout. We have to be tied onto specially 9.designed(design) exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.
As the space station travels at 10.a speed of about 17，500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
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1．What qualities do you think an astronaut should possess
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2．Suppose you are going to stay on the space station for a month, what would you do
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．astronaut n.　　　 A．蚊子
2．cupboard n. B．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
3．mosquito n. C．此外，再者
4．microscope n. D．成套设备，成套工具；配套元件
5．luxury n. E．宇航员，航天员
6．furthermore adv. F．显微镜
7．kit n. G．壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
答案：1～5.EGAFB　6～7.CD
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．the low gravity　　　 低重力
2．be attached to the walls or the ceiling
挂在墙上或天花板上
3．don't bother us any more 没有再打扰我们
4．our main mission 我们的主要任务
5．creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes
老鼠、鱼和蚊子等生物
6．through a thin tube of plastic 通过一根细塑料管
7．take pills 吃药
8．be of vital importance to astronauts' health对宇航员的健康至关重要
9．discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise
要求自己至少锻炼两个小时
10．leisure time 闲暇时间
11．the rest of the crew 其他工作人员
12．be altogether different from 完全不同
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，缺乏的
2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupation n．占领；占用；职业；工作
3．evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评估，估计，评价
4．maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持→maintain v．维持；保持
5．exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的
6．radiation n．辐射，放射线→radiate v．辐射，放射　
7．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→(反义词)invisible adj.看不见的
8．permanent adj.永久的，永恒的→permanently adv.永久地，永恒地
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The conference came to an end(结束), leaving a lot of questions to be settled.
2．His speech helped the students cast new light on(使进一步了解) the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3．In the circumstances(在这种情况下), they had to give up their plan and stay at home.
4．Each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time(每次) from the school library.
5．In view of(鉴于) the present situation, we'll have to change our original plan.
6．Travelling at a speed of(以……的速度) over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．as引导让步状语从句的倒装
Splendid as the view of the Earth is(虽然地球的景色壮丽), spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. (Para.4)
2．be of＋抽象名词
Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance(至关重要) to astronauts' health.(Para.6)
3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
During our leisure time，there's nothing we like more than(我们最喜欢做的事情就是) to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures for our family and friends back home.(Para.7)
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　absence　n.缺乏，不存在；缺席
【经典例句】
①(教材P16)Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around.
由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须固定自己，这样我们就不会四处飘移。
②(人教选必一U2) On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
一方面，世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。
(1)in one's absence　 某人不在的时候
in the absence of... 在……不在场的情况下；缺乏……
(2)absent adj.　　　　　 缺席的，不在的
be absent from 缺席，不在
absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)I'm writing to apologize to you for being absent from your birthday party last weekend.[应用文写作之道歉信]
(2)Her absence(absent) from the team meeting led to some confusion about the upcoming project deadlines.
(3)因为有紧急情况需要她立即处理，会议在她不在的情况下举行了。
The meeting was held in her absence due to an emergency that required her immediate attention.
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　bother　vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精
力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间
精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难
【经典例句】
①(教材P16)It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.
试着在没有背部压力的情况下睡觉是奇怪的，但是这些特别的床却没有再困扰我们。
②(外研选必三U1)For a long time, this really bothered me.
在很长一段时间里，这着实困扰着我。
③Why bother to go to the store when you can order online？　当你可以在网上订购时，为什么还要费心去商店呢？
(1)bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事(通常用于否定句中)
(2)bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
(3)It bothers sb. to do sth./that... 做某事使某人烦恼。
【单句语法填空/完成语段】
(1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)Two months passed. My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. However, my conscience(良心) kept bothering(bother) me.
(2)(人教选必一U4)If a student does not bother to brush/brushing(brush) her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.
(3)让我烦恼的是我不知道如何提高我的英语。您可以提供一些实用的建议吗？我真诚地希望我的请求不会给您带来太多麻烦。期待您尽早回复。
What bothers me is that/It bothers me that I don't know how to improve my English. Can you offer some practical suggestions？I sincerely hope that I won't bother you too much with/about my request. Looking forward to your early reply.[应用文写作之求助信]
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　occupy　vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；
使忙于
【经典例句】
①(教材P16)The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding.
占据了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。
②The greatest happiness of life lies not in what we occupy, but in what we pursue.
人生最大的快乐不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们追求什么。
(1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth.
从事于……；忙于做……
(2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；使用中
be occupied with/in sth./(in) doing sth. 从事于……；忙于做……
(3)occupation n. 工作，职业；占有
【语段填空/词汇/句式升级】
(1)Teaching occupies almost all her life.Sometimes, she is so occupied in working that she has no time for relaxation.With education occupying her mind, she cares less about what is not related to her occupation．(occupy)[读后续写之人物描写]
(2)I am busy organizing a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present and I am writing to ask for your suggestions.
→Occupying myself in organizing a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present, I am writing to ask for your suggestions.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Occupied in organizing a class meeting about traditional Chinese culture at present, I am writing to ask for your suggestions.(形容词短语作状语)[应用文写作之求助信]
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　cast new light on　使进一步了解……
【经典例句】 The old photo cast new light on my grandparents' early life.
这张老照片让我对祖父母年轻时的生活有了新的认识。
bring sth. to light　　 揭露某事；披露某事
come to light 为人所知，变得众
所周知；暴露；揭露
in the light of 考虑到；鉴于
make light of 对……轻描淡写；
对……等闲视之
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)In this new century, hundreds of things more astonishing will be brought to light.
(2)In the light of your health, you'd better stay here for another day or two.
(3)She tried to make light of the situation, but I could tell that she was worried.
(4)最近的研究可以使人们进一步了解这种疾病的病因。
Recent research can cast new light on the causes of the disease．
(5)丢失很久的钻石戒指被发现时，史密斯一家高兴极了。
The Smiths were well pleased when the long-lost diamond ring came to light．
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　circumstance　n.条件，状况；(circumstances)
境况，(尤指)经济状况；情况，情形
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk.
在这种情况下，是时候进行太空行走了。
②Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back.
一旦我们做出选择，在大多数情况下，就不会再回头了。
(1)in/under no circumstances
无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下
in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
(2)if circumstances permit 如果情况允许
【补全句子/句式升级】
(1)The museum will extend its opening hours if circumstances permit(如果情况允许), allowing visitors more time to explore the exhibits.
(2)She would under no circumstances agree to the proposal, knowing that it would have negative effects on the environment.
→Under no circumstances would she agree to the proposal, knowing that it would have negative effects on the environment.(倒装)
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表示“绝不”的短语还有by no means、in no way、in no case、on no account、on no condition、at no time、in no sense。
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　exposure　n.面临，遭受；揭露；报道；
接触；体验；暴露
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.
首先，我们穿上宇航服，这使我们能够在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射。
②(外研选必二U6)We can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
我们可以推断出月球受到的危险辐射比火星少。
expose v. 使暴露(于险境)；揭露；
使面临；使接触
expose...to... 使……暴露于……；
使……接触……
be exposed to... 暴露于……
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)As you are exposed to diverse cultures, you may feel transported through time and space.
(2)Exposure to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.
→Exposing yourself to/Being exposed to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(动名词作主语)
→Exposed to/Exposing yourself to foreign cultures, you can have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(分词短语作状语)
[应用文写作之建议信]
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　in view of　鉴于，考虑到
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space.
鉴于低重力环境，在太空的饮食也有所不同。
②In view of the bad weather, our journey to Lijiang had to be put off.
由于天气不好，我们去丽江的旅行不得不推迟。
(1)in one's view＝from one's point of view
在某人看来；某人认为
come into view 进入视野；映入眼帘
on view 在展出；陈列着；展览着
have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览
(2)view...as... 把……视作……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)In my view, you should stay in contact with that soldier.
(2)He is honest and helpful and we all view him as our friend.
(3)More than 150 sculptures from the early Italian Renaissance are on view.
(4)当我们的车转过拐角时，一座高楼进入视野。
When our car turned around the corner，a tall building came into view．
(5)从附近的山顶上，你可以清楚地看到这个地区。
You can have a good view of this area from the summits of nearby fells.
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　vital　adj.必不可少的，对……极重要
的；维持生命所必需的
【经典例句】
①(外研选必二U4)But it is vital not to take any chances.　但重要的是我们不能心存侥幸。
②The port is vital to supply relief to millions of drought victims.　这个港口对于向数百万旱灾灾民提供救济物资至关重要。
be vital to/for...　对……极其重要
It is vital (for sb.) to do sth.
做某事(对某人来说)很重要。
It is vital that...(should) do sth.
……做某事极为重要。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)To learn Chinese well, reading interesting Chinese news every day is vital to/for American exchange students.[应用文写作之语言学习]
(2)It's vital for me to know(know) the way to submit my paintings.
(3)我们从失败中吸取教训而不是轻易放弃是极为重要的，因为每一次挫折都是一个成长和进步的机会。
It's vital that we (should) learn lessons from failure instead of just giving up easily, because every setback is an opportunity for growth and improvement.[读后续写之主旨升华]
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　discipline　vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；
训练；管教　n．训练，纪律；
行为准则；自制力；学科
【经典例句】 Early childhood is crucial for disciplining the mind to focus and resist distractions.　童年早期对训练大脑专注力和抗干扰能力至关重要。
【语境辨义】
(1)The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. 惩罚
(2)To enhance their country's strength, they're looking for people from a wide range of disciplines.学科
(3)He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week. 严格要求(自己)
(4)He'll never get anywhere working for himself—he's got no discipline.自制力
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　as引导让步状语从句的倒装
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
虽然地球的景色壮丽，但太空行走并不像你们想象的那么激动人心。
②Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
尽管他对报酬不满意，但为了获得一些工作经验，他还是接受了这份工作。
(1)though/as引导让步状语从句时可把表语、状语或谓语动词提前构成部分倒装。提前的名词前不带冠词。常见形式：
①可数名词单数(不加冠词)/形容词＋though/as＋主语＋be＋其他成分；
②副词＋though/as＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分；
③动词原形＋though/as＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分；
(2)although引导让步状语从句不能倒装；as引导让步状语从句必须倒装；though引导让步状语从句可倒装，也可使用正常语序。
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Although/Though they could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
(2)Popular writer though/as she is, only a small number of her works can be found in public libraries.
(3)It was hot at night, but we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
→Although/Though it was hot at night, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.(让步状语从句)
→Hot though/as it was at night, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.(倒装)
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　be of＋抽象名词
【经典例句】
①(教材P17)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.
花些时间在健身房对宇航员的健康至关重要。
②(人教选必三U1)These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality.
这些作品旨在传播佛教，它们具有非凡的美感和品质。
(1)“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词”，主要用来表示主语的性质。这一结构中的抽象名词前可用great、little、no、some等修饰，此类抽象名词有importance、value、use、help、significance等；
(2)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词，只能用“be of ＋名词”结构。此类名词有size、weight、height、length、width、age、opinion、colour、price、kind、type、shape、way、quality等。此类名词根据具体的情景可用复数形式，也可在其前加冠词。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)This new discovery of oil is of great significance(significant) to this area's economy.
(2)The pair of shoes I bought yesterday is not of the same size.
(3)他坚持的理论在他的新工作中被证明毫无用处。
→The theory he sticks to proves to be of no use in his new work.
→The theory he sticks to proves to be useless in his new work.
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．It might not be a perfect solution, but it's the best I can do in such circumstances(情况).
2．Due to long-time exposure to wind, sunlight, rain and dust, the tower became broken, with its roof leaking and some paint dropping.
3．The water is clear and plenty of fish are visible(看得见的).
4．One highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures(动物).
5．The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline(纪律).
6．The manager apologized for his absence from the important meeting last week.
7．(北师大选必二U5)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
8．Who do you suggest should be sent to complete these missions(任务)
9．He said he had not discussed the matter with her.Furthermore(而且), he had not even contacted her.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．It's very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses(暴露于这些病毒) without any protection.
2．Having retired from business，he is occupied with the welfare of the disabled(忙于残疾人的福利事业) now.
3．In view of the shortage of time(考虑到时间不足), each person may only speak for five minutes.
4．In the circumstances(在那种情况下), it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
5．The meeting didn't come to an end(结束) until the problem was solved.
6．The community has developed its own solutions in the absence of government support(在缺乏政府支持的情况下).
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Space exploration has always 1.been of great significance (非常有意义；be of＋抽象名词). 2.It is believed that (人们相信；it作形式主语) it takes a lot of resources and efforts. 3.Difficult as it is to explore space(尽管探索太空很困难；as引导让步状语从句的倒装), it 4.is of great value(非常有价值；be of＋抽象名词).
Although space exploration faces many difficulties and challenges, as space is an extremely hostile environment, we should never give up. 5.No effort is greater than being devoted to space exploration(致力于太空探索需要最大的努力；“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义). It is the most remarkable pursuit that brings countless possibilities for our future.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．(人教选必二U2)Exposure(expose) to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.
2．Since I will have to be away on a business trip, could you please do me a favour and feed my cat in my absence(absent)
3．The window had been replaced last week during routine maintenance(maintain).
4．So I have no choice but to bother(bother) you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
5．The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation(evaluate) of the service.
6．For costumes, Peking Opera performers use bright colors which are strictly based on the occupation(occupy) and lifestyle of different characters.
7．Under no circumstances(circumstance) will I give up the objective of founding a company.
8．I have found a temporary job, but I'm hoping it will be made permanently(permanent).
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．The “Traditional Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students.
2．Though Mike knows the importance of staying fit, he just doesn't bother to do(do) any exercise.
3．While I haven't achieved my initial objective, under/in no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat.
4．The diary cast new light on the life in England in the 17th century.
5．Although diet and exercise are certainly vital to/for health, science shows that there is another secret of longevity we often overlook: finding purpose.
6．I'll take the report home and read it at leisure.
7．In the absence of teachers' instruction, I don't know how to combine what I've learnt with practice.
8．She is fully occupied in looking after three small children.
9．Being exposed to different languages and cultures does a lot of good to children.
10．The outline of our apartment came into view as our cab drew near to the block.
维度三　完成句子/句型转换
1．你会发现这张地图对你游览伦敦很有价值。(be of＋抽象名词)
You will find the map is of great value for you to travel around London.
2．在我看来，你有能力克服这些困难。因此，你绝不应该放弃。
As far as I am concerned, you have the power to overcome these difficulties and thus, under no circumstances should you give up．
3．就我个人看来，健康是我们的日常生活中最重要的。(否定词＋比较级)
From my point of view, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
4．我从小就接触外教，因此我可以用英语流利地与他人交流。
Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate fluently with others in English.
5．Though he was tired, he couldn't fall asleep, thinking about what happened during the day.　
→Tired though/as he was, he couldn't fall asleep, thinking about what happened during the day.(倒装句)
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研选必四U6】
Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things that could go wrong. With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth.
Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.
1．What can we infer from the passage about the public's attitude towards space travel after the Moon landings
A．They were more scared of the risks.
B．They thought it was unexceptional.
C.They were more demanding of new achievements.
D.They were better informed about the technology.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Following the Moon landings...unexceptional to the public”可知，公众认为太空旅行是寻常之事。
2．Why did Christa McAuliffe's planned space trip attract so much attention
A．Because she was very young.
B．Because she was an ordinary person.
C．Because she was a famous teacher.
D．Because she was going to Mars.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was special...the first civilian in space.”可知，她是一个普通人，这是她的太空之旅吸引众多关注的原因。
3．What was the main purpose of Christa McAuliffe's lessons
A．To show off the spacecraft.
B．To teach about gravity.
C．To inspire students.
D．To explain the Challenger programme.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Christa hoped to communicate...astronauts and space scientists.”可知，克里斯塔·麦考利夫课程的主要目的是激励学生。
4．What happened to the Challenger space shuttle
A．It landed safely.
B．It got lost in space.
C．It exploded shortly after take-off.
D.It had technical problems during the flight.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Tragically, she never returned...taking off in Florida”可知，“挑战者”号起飞后不久就爆炸了。
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·温州期末)As a boy, I watched spacecraft launches, and when looking up at all the stars in the night sky, I wondered whether I could go to space. I wish I could tell that boy that his dreams would come true and that he would grow up to pilot spaceships.
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When I first arrived in space, I travelled eight and a half minutes on an extremely wild ride on a rocket ship. However, it was short enough that it was more like driving a car at maximum performance on a very rough (颠簸的) road. As soon as I got to weightlessness, my body was in a completely different environment, which brought about throwing-up and exhaustion. Travel sickness medicine helped my body adapt to it.
It's extremely mind-expanding to get the true reality of our world from space, from glancing at the entire length of the Himalayas to seeing the wildfires of Australia. And perhaps the most impactful is to see something rare. One dawn, I looked down the world with my camera trying to steal every moment I could. It was just the right angle between the sun behind the horizon and the right rare collection of ice crystals (冰晶), high in the atmosphere. There was an unearthly light, almost like a surreal rainbow. I felt like the world had just shown me a secret.
One night, I saw a shooting star, an enormous, random (随机的) rock from the universe trapped by the Earth's gravity. You can't help but think that rock just went by us. It did make my blood run cold when I thought it could have just as easily come through our spaceship and made a significant hole, which probably would have killed all of us. I know how to repair holes in the ship, but if the chance event is large enough, you're dead. It is dangerous, risk-filled, but fascinatingly beautiful and rewarding.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中讲述了自己儿时成为宇航员的愿望成真的故事，并描述了驾驶飞船的经历以及在太空中看到的令人震撼的景象。
1．What can we learn about the author in paragraph 1
A．He was fond of travelling.
B．He longed to be an astronaut.
C．He had an enquiring mind.
D．He desired to own a spaceship.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者渴望成为一名宇航员。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The long space journey.
B．The poor car performance.
C．The sudden speed change.
D．The weightless environment.
D　解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在句及上文中的“As soon as I got to weightlessness...throwing-up and exhaustion.”可知，it指代的是“失重环境”，晕车药帮助作者的身体适应了失重环境。
3．What impressed the author most when he saw the Earth from space
A．The hard-to-see light.
B．The shiny ice crystals.
C．The dream-like rainbow.
D．The accidental wildfires.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And perhaps the most impactful is to see something rare...There was an unearthly light, almost like a surreal rainbow.”可知，作者在太空中俯瞰地球时，给他留下最深刻印象的是难得一见的光。
4．Which word best describes the author according to the passage
A．Adventurous.　　　 B．Hardworking.
C．Innovative. D．Responsible.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is dangerous, risk-filled, but fascinatingly beautiful and rewarding.”可知，作者在描述太空体验时认为尽管这很危险，但却充满魅力和回报。由此可推知，作者是一个喜欢冒险的人。
B
(2025·邹城期中)After decades of exploring the moon, a dramatic vision is finally becoming reality.The Guardian recently reported that a project called Lunar Codex is planning to send and store over 30，000 works on the moon from artists, writers, filmmakers, and musicians from over 150 countries and regions.The goods to be stored range from novels and paintings to music, films, and even soil from Earth.
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In fact, this is not the first time that people have tried to send humanity legacies (遗产) to outer space.In 1969, the Apollo 12 mission carried a ceramic piece with drawings.In 1971, the Apollo 15 staff left a sculpture to honor those who had died in space exploration.What's more famous is the Voyager Golden Record carried by spacecraft Voyager 1 and 2 from NASA in 1977, which contains human language, music and images.For example, a piece of Chinese guqin music called “Running Water” was included in it.
Although we don't know who determines which symbols of humanity legacies get sent out to space in most projects, it's obvious that the criteria keep changing.In the past, space heritage products only focused on space-related works; but gradually, more human-related contemporary goods which held great importance in their respective eras have been added to the list.In the Lunar Codex, films, diverse art and literary works produced by women, disabled artists, and even artificial intelligence have been collected for the first time to be sent to the moon.
These changing criteria also leave space for ordinary people to imagine and think.Many people are now trying to store their DNA information digitally.Will people be able to find even more surprising and inventive ways to preserve their legacies in the future Only time can tell.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经过几十年的月球探索，一个激动人心的愿景终于成为现实，人类的许多象征性遗产将被储存在月球上。
5．What is the goal of the project
A．To make the moon livable.
B．To show respect for artists.
C．To enrich the life of astronauts.
D．To preserve humanity legacies.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The Guardian recently reported that...and regions.”、第二段中的“In fact...send humanity legacies to outer space.”及最后一段中的“Will people be able to find...preserve their legacies in the future？”可知，这个项目的目的是保存人类的艺术作品和文化遗产。
6．How is paragraph 2 mainly developed
A．By explaining reasons.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By analysing previous data.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段通过阿波罗12号、阿波罗15号以及美国国家航空和航天局的“旅行者1号”和“旅行者2号”携带物品的例子，来证实本段第一句的内容。
7．What does the change of the criteria reflect
A．AI technology is amazing.
B．The selective rules are strict.
C．Human civilization is inclusive.
D．Space-related works are popular.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，随着标准的不断变化，越来越多的与人类有关的、在各自时代具有重要意义的当代物品被加入了送往太空的人类遗产名单，由此可推知，人类文明是包容广阔的。
8．Where does the passage most probably come from
A．A magazine. B．A textbook.
C．An advertisement. D．A poster.
A　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一个名为“月球法典”的项目计划将人类遗产送入太空保存。由此可推知，文章与人类文明和月球探索有关，最有可能出自社会科学类的杂志。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·南通高二检测)World Peace Day falls on September 21 every year.It's a day to lay down our guns in war areas.Some organizations provide care for the unfortunate people in these areas on World Peace Day when activities are organized to support world peace. 1.________
Enjoy a minute of silence.At noon of the day, one minute of silence will be held worldwide.During that minute, fall silent and reflect on a more peaceful world. 2.__________And honor those still fighting for peace.
Donate to charity.Many people are struggling for survival worldwide.Considering marking World Peace Day with a show of support.There are thousands of charities that are working for world peace and global development. 3.__________It will help many people in need.
4．__________Gather your friends, family, neighbors and also your “enemies” together, and have a World Peace Day picnic or a World Peace Day dinner.Enjoy yourselves while eating, drinking, dancing, talking and playing games.Strengthen your relationships and enjoy peace.
Plant a tree.Millions of people have planted trees for peace since the first World Peace Day.Trees are more than just a symbol of tolerance, patience and renewal (复苏). 5.__________Many conflicts result from the worsening of our environment.Planting trees can help protect the environment and thus keep the peace.
A．Support one like the Red Cross.
B．Throw a World Peace Day party.
C．However, the world is not peaceful.
D．Remember those who lost their lives for peace.
E．Trees can also be used for shelter from the storm.
F.They have a practical purpose in keeping peace, too.
G．Here are a few simple ways to celebrate World Peace Day.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种庆祝世界和平日的方式。
1．G　解析：上文“Some organizations provide care...support world peace.”提到一些组织在世界和平日组织支持世界和平的活动，下文是庆祝世界和平日的具体方法，G项承上启下，符合语境。
2．D　解析：上文“During that minute, fall silent and reflect on a more peaceful world.”和下文“And honor those still fighting for peace.”介绍了在默哀期间思考的事，由此可推知，D项符合语境。
3．A　解析：根据本段主题句“Donate to charity.”可知，本段主要介绍向慈善机构捐款，A项符合语境。
4．B　解析：分析文章结构可知，空处为本段中心句。根据下文内容可知，本段建议人们聚集起来举行世界和平日野餐或晚餐，B项可概括本段大意。
5．F　解析：根据上文“Trees are more than just a symbol of tolerance, patience and renewal.”可知，空处应是接着说树木还有什么作用，F项符合语境，引起下文具体解释树木如何有助于维护和平的内容。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·江苏响水中学高二期中)Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 1 in zero gravity. However, without 2 ， there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do, and that's very 3 . What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show—because it's impossible to 4 in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 5 environment, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes. This 6 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just 7 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J．Feustel 8 this during one of his spacewalks.
Besides making your 9 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 10 to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy，” Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 11 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “When the tears get big enough they 12 break free of the eye and float around，” astronaut Ron Parise said.
In space, astronauts can't eat or drink in 13 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 14 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 15 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you're the best.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在没有重力的情况下，宇航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。对他们来说，地心引力才是最棒的。
1．A.leaping B．floating
C．eating D．talking
B　解析：根据上文中的some pretty amazing things和下文中的in zero gravity可知，在太空中可以在失重状态下漂浮(float)，这是很神奇的。
2．A.gravity B．doubt
C．aid D．effort
A　解析：根据上文中的“like ______ in zero gravity”可知，没有重力(gravity)，宇航员也有许多不能做到的事情。
3．A.risky B．lifelike
C．sad D．unfortunate
C　解析：根据上文中的“However, without ______， there are also plenty of things astronauts can't do”和下文中的let their sadness show可知，宇航员不能做很多事情，这是很令人伤感的(sad)。
4．A.foresee B．view
C．pray D．cry
D　解析：根据上文中的let their sadness show和下文中的tears及crying可知，他们不能哭泣(cry)。
5．A.dangerous B．extreme
C．stable D．weightless
D　解析：根据上文中的in zero gravity和常识可知，太空是失重的(weightless)环境。
6．A.expects B．means
C．demands D．shows
B　解析：根据上文中的“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes”可知，在太空中，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流，这意味着(mean)当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去。
7．A.meet B．develop
C．stay D．leave
C　解析：根据上文中的“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，眼泪只会停留(stay)在眼眶里。
8．A.witnessed B．acknowledged
C．experienced D．suffered
C　解析：根据下文中的“My right eye is painful like crazy”可知，宇航员安德鲁·J·福伊斯特尔在太空中就经历(experience)过这样痛苦的事。
9．A.mind B．vision
C．sense D．idea
B　解析：根据上文中的“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes”和“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中，视觉(vision)会模糊。
10．A.peace B．disaster
C．stress D．comfort
D　解析：根据上文中的“this can also cause physical pain”和下文中的“But that's not the case in space.”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比；结合常识可知，在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感觉舒适(comfort)。
11．A.chose B．decided
C．stopped D．hesitated
A　解析：根据下文中的“Another choice is to just wait.”可知，此处表示福伊斯特尔选择(choose)的一种做法。
12．A.fluently B．exactly
C．efficiently D．simply
D　解析：根据下文中的break free of the eye and float around可知，当眼泪变得足够大时，它们就会从眼睛中挣脱出来，四处飘浮，simply表示强调。
13．A.regular B．normal
C．particular D．rational
B　解析：根据下文中的“Nor can they talk to each other directly...in their stomach.”和常识可知，在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的(normal)方式吃或喝。
14．A.out B．off
C．down D．up
C　解析：根据上文中的“tears don't flow downward out of the eyes”可知，与流眼泪相似，吃食物时太空中也没有重力把食物向下(down)压在胃里。
15．A.give up B．end up
C．put off D．feel like
B　解析：根据上文中的“They can't even burp”和下文中的“throwing up everything in their stomach”可知，此处表示打嗝造成的结果，end up doing sth.意为“以……而告终”。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.
2．(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
3．It is said that he is focusing on a book on space exploration. But when it will come out is up in the air.
4．Whether it is safe to travel there alone needs further consideration.
5．That he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us, but his dedication to helping others is truly admirable.
6．Who will be made captain of our team is still unknown, but one thing is certain：whoever is put in this position is to lead us out of the present difficulty.
7．Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising.
8．What worried the doctors most was how they could find the cause of the disease because determining its source was crucial to developing an effective treatment plan.
9．Whichever team wins on Saturday will take part in the national championships, where they will face the top teams from across the country.
10．What remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create and that's the real spirit of invention.
11．It is suggested that children should be given more free time to develop their creativity.
12．Why he suddenly decided to quit his job and travel around the world alone has always been a question that puzzles his family and friends.
13．How you are getting on with your classmates in the new school is the concern of your parents and teachers.
14．It remains to be seen whether/if the new environmental protection policy can effectively reduce industrial pollution.
15．When they will have the sports meeting is still a question, for they have so many things to prepare.
16．Where we will spend out summer holiday is still uncertain now, but I personally hope to go to a seaside city.
17．It is important that you should ask your parents for advice about important decisions or challenges you are facing.
18．In order to save energy, whoever/who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
19．Which part of the country he will travel to alone this summer holiday needs further discussion.
20．I don't have any particular taste in western food and whichever one you choose from the menu is all right with me.
维度二　语法与写作
1．(2023·全国甲卷)给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。”
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness.”
2．约翰一直没有解释上课迟到的原因，这使他的老师很恼火。
Why John was late for class hasn't been explained, making his teacher annoyed.
3．杰克因腿伤不得不放弃了打篮球，真是遗憾。
It is a pity that Jack has to give up playing basketball because of his leg injury.
4．无论你在业余时间做什么，都应该有助于个人成长。无论是学习一门新语言，还是学习一种乐器。
Whatever you do in your spare time should contribute to your personal growth, whether it's learning a new language or picking up a musical instrument.
5．出国旅行时，尊重其他国家的风俗习惯是很重要的。
It is quite important that the customs of other countries (should) be respected when one is traveling abroad.
6．我们应该何时开始寒假旅行仍未确定，因为我们需要考虑每个人的日程安排。
When we should start the winter holiday trip remains undecided, as we need to consider everyone's schedule.
7．在我们的登山之旅中，哪里是观看日出的最佳地点是我们需要提前弄清楚的事情。
Where the best place is to watch the sunrise during our mountain climbing trip is something we need to figure out in advance.
8．任何为社会做出贡献的人都应得到奖励和尊重，因为他们的努力对推动社会进步起着至关重要的作用。
Whoever makes a contribution to the society should be rewarded and respected, because their efforts play a crucial role in driving social progress.
9．人工智能技术如何应用于未来教育，将促进全球课堂的发展。
How AI technology can be applied to tomorrow's education will foster the development of global classrooms.
10．这个计划是否足够切实可行以使项目继续进行尚需拭目以待。
It remains to be seen whether/if this plan is practical enough to keep the project going on.
维度三　语篇练习
It is true 1.that experiences are acquired through our journey of life. 2.What we believe and 3.how we look at things and people around us are based on all our experiences in life. Despite the fact 4.that things and life are the way they are, we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody. Other people have opinions about us as well. But 5.what really matters is the opinion we have about ourselves. You choose to accept and follow what other people believe, but 6.whether you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life is for you to decide.
By living a life as it is and being yourself, you can create an image about what you value most and 7.whom/who you admire most. You should remember how important it is to be yourself. 8.Who you are and 9.how you feel are determined by the image that you create about yourself. It determines how successful you become in life and reminds you 10.where you are standing in life. In short, you are as happy or sad as you see yourself.
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·宿迁中学高二月考)Earlier this year, I had a chance to go to space. I was really excited and made full preparations for it.
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Finally, the day arrived. With all the noise, we lifted off. I could see Earth disappearing. As we ascended (上升), I was at once aware of pressure. The force of gravity pulled at me. There was an instrument that told us how many g's (重力加速度的倍数) we were experiencing. At two g's, I tried to raise my arm, and I could barely do so. At three g's, I felt my face being pushed down into my seat. I thought, “Will I pass out How many g's can my ninety-year-old body deal with？” Suddenly, no g's. Weightlessness. We were floating.
We got out of our safety belt and began to float around. And I got to the window as quickly as possible to see what was out there.
I looked down, and I could see the hole that our spaceship had left in the atmosphere. I continued my self-guided tour and turned my head to face the other direction, staring into space. I saw a cold, dark, black emptiness. It was unlike any blackness you can see or feel on Earth. My excitement disappeared, and I felt really down. I turned back toward the light of home. I could see the curvature (曲度) of the Earth, the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky. It was Mother Earth.
The contrast between the coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with great sadness. In space, I had the strongest feeling ever that Earth is the only home we have. But we were doing many things that threatened our survival on Earth. I know we should devote ourselves to our planet and love all around us.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。90岁的作者今年体验了一次太空旅行，作者通过这篇文章描述了这次经历的所见所闻所感。
1．How did the author think of gradual changes in g's
A．He found he could raise arms easily.
B．He felt his face was pressed against the safety belt.
C．He thought he would pass out because he was too old.
D．He believed he could deal with the gravity for he was strong.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Will I pass out How many g's can my ninety-year-old body deal with？”可知，作者认为他会因为太老而昏倒。
2．What did the author see when floating in space
A．The black hole in space.
B．A cold and white emptiness.
C．Other beautiful planets in space.
D．The outline of the Earth with white clouds.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I could see the curvature of the Earth, the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky.”可知，作者在太空中漂浮时看到了白云环绕的地球轮廓。
3．Which of the following best describes the author's trip
A．The author felt extremely lonely.
B．The author found the trip very boring.
C．The trip was inconsistent with the author's expectation.
D.The trip filled the author's fellows with depression.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“My excitement disappeared, and I felt really down.”以及最后一段中的“The contrast between the coldness...me with great sadness.”可推知，这次旅行与作者的期望不一致。
4．What can we infer from the author's trip to space
A．We should live in harmony with aliens.
B．We should value the Earth and protect it.
C．We should try to move to the other planets.
D．We should consider escaping from the Earth.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In space, I had the strongest feeling...threatened our survival on Earth.”可推知，作者的太空之旅告诉我们应该珍惜并保护地球。
B
Space tourism is the term used to describe space travel for recreational or leisure purposes. What was once only a dream, as described in A Space Odyssey by Arthur C．Clarke, is now becoming a reality.
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Futurologists attempt to make predictions of what life will be like in the future. After the first man landed on the moon, they thought that hotels would be built on the moon by the year 2000. They also considered the possibility that, in the 21st century, families might go for a holiday on the moon. Neither of these predictions has come true yet—but the rapid development of technology may mean these predictions are possible in the years to come.
A company has succeeded in sending paying passengers into space. It worked with the Russian Federal Space Agency and Russia's Rocket and Space Corporation Energia to provide flights for the world's first private space explorers. Each paid over $20 million for their 10-day trip to the International Space Station.
Following successful explorations into space, other companies are now considering the possibility of enabling tourists to visit space. To make it affordable, suborbital (亚轨道的) space travel is being considered by some companies. Passengers would be transported to a height of between 100 and 160 km above earth, experience 3-6 minutes of weightlessness and a view of the stars before going back to earth. This is estimated to cost around $200，000 per person.
While it could be an enriching experience, there are some terrifying disadvantages. Many critics say that a huge growth in the spaceflight industry could drastically speed up the process of global warming. The ozone layer (臭氧层) would be damaged further and the polar regions would suffer. In addition, space travel is only really affordable for the super-rich, though some companies claim to be opening space to the rest of us.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了太空旅行发展的可能性及其可能会带来的问题。
5．What do you know about space tourism
A．It is nothing but a dream.
B．It's only in some fairy tales.
C．It's a sightseeing tour in space.
D．It's a scientific expedition.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，太空旅行是一次太空观光之旅。
6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The future life on the moon.
B．Landing on the moon in 1969.
C．Predictions about trips to the moon.
D．The history of the moon exploration.
C　解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要说明了关于到月球旅行的预测。
7．Why is suborbital space travel considered possible
A．It's cheaper.
B．It's safer.
C．It's greener.
D．It's more convenient.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一、第二句可知，一些公司考虑亚轨道太空旅行是因为费用更便宜，人们能负担得起。
8．What is some critics' major concern about space tourism
A．Its safety.
B．Its expense.
C．Social equality.
D．Environmental effect.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、第三句可知，航天工业的发展给环境带来很大的影响，这也正是批评家们对于太空旅行主要担心的问题。
C
(2025·湖南岳阳模拟考试)Predicting extreme weather events is a tricky business.Changing weather conditions have increased the frequency of severe storms，floods，and heatwaves，along with larger wildfires.As a result, scientists are using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for more accurate forecasts that help to reduce damage to a larger extent and save lives.
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Researchers at Penn State have worked together with meteorologists (气象学家) to analyse more than 50，000 weather satellite images to quickly identify storms.They found comma-shaped cloud formations that often lead to severe weather such as hail (冰雹)，snowstorms，high winds，and thunderstorms.
Computers were then taught to use computer vision and machine learning to automatically detect these clouds from satellite images, with almost 100 percent accuracy，in less than a minute.By refocusing meteorologists' attention on potential storm cloud formations the AI tool helped predict 64 percent of severe weather events and beat established detection systems.
Expensive supercomputers are often used to process vast amounts of data needed for accurate weather prediction.But powerful AI methods can run on smaller computers.Climate risk and planning company ClimateAi uses a technique to reduce global weather forecasts to a local scale，cutting down on costs and computing power.
It uses a machine learning technique that makes two neural networks compete against each other.The neural networks, designed to work like neurons (神经元) connected in the brain, fight and train each other using global weather data until they get a result.
Using this method ClimateAi researchers generate highly accurate and inexpensive local forecasts for hours or days ahead.And because it is not as costly，it allows poorer countries affected by climate change to use forecasts to change the way they farm and build bridges，roads，or homes，and adapt to extreme weather.
Average costs associated with extreme weather events in the United States have increased steadily since 1980.These have costly impacts on cities' basic services，infrastructure，housing，human livelihoods，and health.AI helps us to calculate that risk and can be used as a preventive measure.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用人工智能能准确地预测极端天气。
9．What can we know from paragraph 1
A．Inaccurate forecasts minimize the destruction.
B.Fewer natural disasters are caused by climate change.
C．AI enhances accuracy of making weather prediction.
D．Changeable climate decreases the frequency of serious storms.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a result, scientists...a larger extent and save lives.”可知，科学家们正在使用人工智能技术进行更准确地天气预测，以帮助更大程度地减少损失并挽救生命。
10．Which of the following can best describe the AI tool mentioned in the passage
A．Cheaper, quicker but less flexible.
B．Cheaper, quicker and more precise.
C．Steadier, quicker and more practical.
D．Steadier, quicker but more expensive.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Computers were then...in less than a minute.”可知，人工智能工具的优点是准确和快速；同时根据第四段中的“ClimateAi uses a technique...cutting down on costs and computing power”可知，人工智能工具具有成本低的优点。
11．What is the function of paragraph 5
A．To explain how the technique of ClimateAi works.
B．To introduce why AI methods are used.
C．To show the contributions of ClimateAi.
D．To identify the effects of the AI tool.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，第五段主要是为了解释ClimateAi的技术是如何运作的。
12．What is the author's attitude towards AI techniques in predicting extreme weather
A．Critical.　　　　　 B．Approving.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
B　解析：观点态度题。通读全文尤其是根据最后一段可知，作者对于人工智能在预测极端天气方面的态度是赞许的。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·宁夏六盘山高级中学月考)It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 1.__________If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts and you are still arguing, then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.
Don't get in the centre of the conflict.
Sometimes people can get in the centre of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help. Frankly speaking, it is very unwise, because it can make you the main figure of the conflict. 2.__________You should focus on your own life issues.
Be kind.
3．__________Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, and that's why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them. For example, kindness can lessen the conflict.
Try to be a peacekeeper.
Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts.“4.________” This saying is the life motto of a natural-born peacekeeper. Don't worry if you are not a natural-born peacekeeper; you can gain this skill during life.
Walk off.
When the conflict is gathering pace and you can't manage to control yourself, you should choose to handle the situation in another way.By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress. 5.__________You should get away from the situation for a while.
A．The greatest victory is a battle not fought.
B．Conflicts are unavoidable, so try to accept them.
C．Weak people usually desire others to offer help and support.
D．Let other people solve their problems without your presence.
E．It is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.
F．When someone pushes you to the limit, try to act kindly towards this person.
G．Arguing can either break your friendship or affect your relationship to some degree.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议。
1．G　解析：根据空前“It is necessary to be reasonable...live in peace with others.”可知，尽量避免冲突是有必要的。由此可推知，G项承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题。
2．D　解析：根据空后“You should focus on your own life issues.”可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的生活问题上。由此可推知，D项符合语境。
3．F　解析：根据本段标题“Be kind.”可知，本段建议“和善待人”，F项符合语境。
4．A　解析：根据空后“This saying is the life motto of a natural-born peacekeeper.”可推知，空处是介绍一句格言。A项符合语境。
5．E　解析：根据空前“By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress.”可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手。由此可推知，E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·福建师大附中高二下月考)AirCar is the latest generation flying car 1.______________transforms from road vehicle into air vehicle in less than 3 minutes.Useful for leisure and self-driving 2.____________(journey)，the vehicle can go from driving to flying mode with the click of a button.The fifth generation flying car 3.____________(complete) two flight tests at Piestany airport in Slovakia so far.
The two-seat AirCar 4.____________(weigh) 1，100 kg and can carry an additional load of 200 kg per flight.5.____________(power) by a robust and high-performance engine, the car-plane has an effective power output of 140HP.The estimated travel range of the vehicle is 1，000 km and the flight 6.____________(consume) is 18 liters per hour.AirCar can transform from a ground-based vehicle to aircraft with its speed 7.____________(reach) up to 200 km/h.But most importantly，the stability and controllability of the AirCar is 8.____________(access) to any pilot.
“With AirCar you will arrive at your destination 9.______________the trouble of getting a ride to airport and passing through commercial security.You can drive your AirCar to the golf course, the offices，the shopping center or your hotel and park it in 10.______________normal parking space，” said the designer's co-founder.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新一代飞行汽车的一些相关情况。
1．that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是flying car，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有最高级the latest修饰，应用关系代词that引导。
2．journeys　解析：考查名词复数。journey是可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。
3．has completed　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语；根据时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时，且主语The fifth generation flying car为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
4．weighs　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时；weigh意为“重量为”，应用主动语态。
5．Powered　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语；动词power与主语the car-plane是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语；且单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
6．consumption　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处是名词短语作主语。
7．reaching　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语；reach与its speed是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
8．accessible　解析：考查形容词。be accessible to sb.为固定搭配，意为“容易被某人接近、使用”。
9．without　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，使用新一代飞行汽车到达目的地，就不会有后面说的这些问题，应用介词without，意为“没有”。
10．a　解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示泛指，且normal的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。Period 4　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
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What's the main idea of the text
A．Different opinions about space exploration.
B．The advantages of space exploration.
C．The advances of space exploration.
D．The history of space exploration.
答案：B
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答案：1.curiosity　2.origin　3.evolution　4.future
5．big problems　6.safer and easier　7.economic
8．educate　9.inspire
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1．What can we infer from Para.1
A．It is very easy to explore space.
B．Not all the people think space exploration is worth it.
C．It's not likely to explore space for mankind.
D．Now mankind can visit other planets regularly.
2．What do Stephen Hawking's words in Para.2 want to stress
A．The importance of space exploration.
B．The importance of looking up at the stars.
C．The importance of sending people to space.
D．The importance of being curious about the unknown.
3．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the word “address” in Para.3
A．Ask.　　　　　　　 B．Deal with.
C．Write letters to. D．Give a speech.
4．What is the most important reason for humans to explore space according to the author
A．Human's nature.
B．The application of technology in life.
C．The benefits space exploration brings.
D．The education and inspiration children get from space exploration.
答案：1～4.BDBD
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Why we explore
When Neil Armstrong first 1.landed(land) on the Moon in 1969，many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system. However, the reality is that space exploration is 2.extremely(extreme) difficult and dangerous, can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money. Why do we continue to explore space, then
It is in our nature 3.to explore(explore). From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us 4.adventuring(adventure) into new places. The results of these space investigations have made major contributions 5.to an understanding of the origin, evolution, and likely future of the universe. 6.It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question 7.whether there is life on other planets. With technologies first researched and 8.developed(develop) for space exploration, we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier.
Although space exploration demands huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great 9.economic(economy) value. Moreover, the amazing work these people do can provide education and 10.inspiration(inspire) for the next generation.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．shuttle n. A．机械师，技工
2．hydrogen n. B．核能的，原子能的；核武器的
3．mechanic n. C．航天飞机；来往于两地之间的航班
(或班车、火车)
4．nuclear adj. D．氢，氢气
答案：1～4.CDAB
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．play a crucial role in the discovery
在这个发现中起着至关重要的作用
2．comprise three stages　包括三个阶段
3．lay the foundation for future exploration
为今后的探索奠定基础
4．a waste of the public purse
对公共资金的浪费
5．ancient tales 古代故事
6．rocket fuel 火箭燃料
7．permanent shelter 永久的庇护所
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；独创的；原作的 n．原件；原稿；原作→originally adv.原来地；起初地→originate v．起源；发源
2．frequency n. 发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj. 经常的；频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地
3．motive n．原因，动机，目的→ motivate v．激励；激发→motivation n．动力；诱因
4．investment n．投资；投入→invest v．投资→investor n．投资者
5．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculation n．计算→calculator n．计算器
6．coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover v. 遮盖； 包括； 足以支付； 行走(一段路程)；报道
7．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的→assist vt.帮助；援助→assistance n．帮助；援助
8．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
9．constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 n．常数；常量→constantly adv.一直；不断地
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．A huge amount of(大量的) damage was done to the city in a very short time, which shocked everyone on the spot.
2．It took me quite a few minutes to make sense of(弄懂) what he meant.
3．With our knowledge based on practice, we can make great contributions to(为……做出巨大贡献) our society.
4．Nowadays new technology is being applied to(应用于) almost every industrial process.
5．Out of a strong passion for literature, he committed to a variety of(各种各样的) Chinese classics.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．as引导非限制性定语从句
As Stephen Hawking once said(正如斯蒂芬·霍金曾经说过的), “Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.”(Para.2)
2．while引导让步状语从句
While space exploration is a reality(虽然太空探索已经成为现实), we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe.(Para.2)
3．“It is likely that...”意为“很可能……”
And it is likely that(很可能) hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future.(Para.4)
4．It＋be＋done＋that从句
It has been calculated that(据计算) the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.(Para.5)
5．倍数表达
Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half times higher than(是……的2.5倍高) those on the International Space Station.
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　comprise　vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
【经典例句】 Life is comprised of many elements, such as family, friends, study, work, entertainment, and so on.
生活是由许多因素组成的，比如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。
be comprised of＝be made up of＝be composed of＝consist of　包括，包含；由……组成/构成
【一句多译】
由工程师和设计师组成的团队提前完成了具有挑战性的项目。
(1)The team which was made up of/was composed of/was comprised of/consisted of engineers and designers completed the challenging project ahead of time.(定语从句)
(2)The team made up of/composed of/comprised of/consisting of engineers and designers completed the challenging project ahead of time.(分词短语作定语)
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　foundation　n.基础，根据；地基；创办；
基金会
【经典例句】 Early childhood education programs lay a foundation for lifelong learning and cognitive development.　幼儿教育项目为终身学习和认知发展奠定了基础。
lay a foundation for...　 为……打下基础
a foundation of... ……的基础/根据
【单句语法填空】
(1)We want to lay a solid foundation for further learning and thus have an edge in the National College Entrance Examination.
(2)This misunderstanding has shaken the foundations of their friendship.
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　origin　n.起源，起因；出身
【经典例句】 The origin of tea culture is deeply rooted in ancient Chinese philosophy.
茶文化的起源深深植根于中国古代哲学。
(1)the origin of...　 ……的起源
in origin 在来源上
by origin 籍贯
(2)originate v. 起源；发源；发端于
original adj. 起初的；独创的；原作的
n. 原件；原稿；原作
originally adv. 原来地；起初地
【单句语法填空】
(1)Many words in the English language are French in origin.
(2)(2023·浙江卷1月)The term “hutong”， originally(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
(3)Popularization has in some cases changed the original(origin) meaning of emotional intelligence.
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　rocket　n.火箭；火箭武器
v．快速增长；猛增
【经典例句】 He rocketed to fame overnight after his video was viewed by millions.
他的视频被数百万人观看后，他一夜成名。
(1)launch a rocket　　　　 发射火箭
(2)rocket to fame 一举成名
【语境辨义】
(1)After many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.火箭
(2)As more British people learned to read, newspaper sales rocketed.快速增长
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　motive　n.原因，动机，目的
【经典例句】
①(教材P26)This should be a strong motive for continuing to explore space.
这应该是继续探索太空的强大动力。
②She is motivated by the responsibility to help others, which drives her to volunteer at the local hospital.
她被帮助他人的责任所激励，这促使她在当地医院做志愿者。
(1)a motive for (doing) sth. (做)某事的原因/动机/目的
(2)motivate v. 激励；激发；成为……
的动机；是……的原因
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(3)motivated adj. 积极的；主动的
motivation n. 动力；诱因；积极性
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Feeling motivated (motivate), I started running regularly, but then two things happened.
(2)(2024·北京卷) More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn(learn) how to behave in a socially complex world.
(3)She was motivated by a desire to help those in need and founded a non-profit organization.
→Motivated by a desire to help those in need, she founded a non-profit organization.(过去分词短语作状语)
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　calculate　vt.计算，核算；预测
【经典例句】
①(教材P26)It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.
据计算，全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长。
②Mothers' devotion to children can hardly be calculated.
母亲对孩子的奉献几乎无法计算。
(1)calculate that...　　　 　 　 算出……
It has been calculated that... 据估算……
be calculated to do sth. 打算做某事
(2)calculator n. 计算器
(3)calculation n. 计算
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Let's make a check on his calculation(calculate).
(2)Benefit is calculated(calculate) on the basis of average weekly earnings.
(3)据估算，我们学校至少有300名学生参加了志愿服务活动。
It has been calculated that at least 300 students in our school participated in voluntary activities.
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　assistant　n.助理，助手；售货员；助教；
店员；伙计　adj.助理的，副的
【经典例句】
①(教材P26)There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants.
地面有许多辅助人员，如工程师、机械师和研究助理。
②To preserve a friend three things are necessary: to honor him present, praise him absent, and assist him in his necessities.
维持友谊三点不可缺：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。
(1)assist v.　　　　　　　 帮助；协助；援助
帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 帮助某人某事
(2)assistance n.　　　 　　 帮助；援助；支持
come to one's assistance 帮助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)(人教选必二U1)As a graduate assistant(assist) at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion.
(2)The competition is intended to highlight the students' practical cooking skills, assist students to get(get) into healthy eating habits and enrich their school life as well.[应用文写作之通知]
(3)When the hiker got lost in the mountains and couldn't find his way back, a local guide came to his assistance(帮助他) and led him to safety.
(4)我写信是为了向您表达我衷心的感谢。因为正是有您的慷慨帮助，我的英语学习才取得如此大的进步。
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for you because it is with your generous assistance that I have made so much progress in my English study.[应用文写作之感谢信]
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　shelter　n.居所，住处；庇护；藏身之处；
避难处　vt.保护，掩蔽
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
【经典例句】
①(教材P27)We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.
我们应该找到提供长期的防辐射保护的永久的庇护所。
②Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age.
知识是我们年老时舒适且必要的避风港和庇护所。
(1)take/seek shelter from...躲避……
under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下
(2)shelter...from... 保护……免于……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs.
(2)It's so hot，and we'd better find a tree to take shelter from the sun.
(3)只有在法律的庇护下，人们才能真正地享受平等。
Only under the shelter of the laws can people really enjoy equality.
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　while引导让步状语从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P25)While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe.
虽然太空探索已经成为现实，但我们仍然对宇宙的奥秘感到好奇。
②(人教选必三U1)While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
连词while有下列用法：
(1)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管、虽然”，从句常置于主句前，可用although/though代替；
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候、和……同时”，如果主句和从句的主语一致，且从句谓语又含有be，则从句中可省略主语和be；
(3)用作并列连词，意为“然而、可是”，表示对比关系。
【完成句子/句式升级】
(1)有些人喜欢去国外旅行度假，而有些人则选择待在家里放松。
Some people prefer to travel abroad for holidays, while others choose to stay home and relax．
(2)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)虽然大卫是一个患有脑部疾病的孩子，但是他坚持跑步，好像他忘记了自己的弱点。
While David was a child with a brain disease, he insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses.
(3)We enjoyed the scenic views while we were driving through the countryside.
→We enjoyed the scenic views while driving through the countryside．(省略句)
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　倍数表达
【经典例句】
①(教材P27)Radiation levels on the surface of Mars are two and a half times higher than those on the International Space Station.
火星表面的辐射水平比国际空间站的辐射水平高2.5倍。
②(人教选必二U3)And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B；
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B；
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/height/amount/...)＋of＋B；
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，意为“A是……的多少倍”。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Much to the couple's comfort, their income is now double what it was five years ago.
(2)我们学校最近修建了一个新图书馆，是原来的三倍大。
→Our school has built a new library recently, which is three times as large as the previous one．　
→Our school has built a new library recently, which is twice larger than the previous one．
→Our school has built a new library recently, which is three times the size of the previous one．　
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants(assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.
2．Stay closely engaged with our teachers so that we can enhance our concentration and be more motivated(motivate).
3．His translation manages to be faithful to the spirit of the original(origin).
4．When she found a dog was running after her, she felt incredibly(incredible) frightened.
5．A good argument is comprised of a clear thesis, supporting evidence, and logical reasoning.
6．The population of this industrial city is four times what it was ten years ago.
Ⅱ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．尽管旅游能够开阔你的视野，但是我认为花费太多的时间和金钱在这上面不是一个好主意。(while引导让步状语从句)
While travelling can broaden your horizons, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
2．它的巢是由树枝组成的，所以当风吹过时它在树枝上足够稳定。
Its nest is composed of/is comprised of/is made up of/consists of sticks, so it is stable enough on the tree branch when the wind blows.
3．He was motivated by his classmates and teachers and was sure of winning the competition with great confidence.
→Motivated by his classmates and teachers, he was sure of winning the competition with great confidence. (过去分词短语作状语)
4．最近发现的行星几乎是地球的三倍大，人类有望能在上面生活。
(1)The planet discovered recently is almost three times as big as the Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(as)
(2)The planet discovered recently is almost twice bigger than the Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(than)
(3)The planet discovered recently is almost three times the size of the Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(size)

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