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[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．It's a pity that the merciful farmer rescued the frozen(freeze) snake but it bit him.
2．He put a question to the minister about these recent reforms(reform).
3．Organized(organize) by the Student Union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend.
4．Kids shouldn't have access to violent (violence) films because they might imitate the things they see.
5．His head had struck the sink and was bleeding(bleed).
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．On a cold night, the little match girl was frozen to death in a street corner.
2．The little boy was carried into the warm room and he came to himself slowly.
3．As far as I'm concerned, you are free to go where/wherever you like.
4．I call 119. In the meanwhile, you lead the staff to flee from the burning building.
5．Three men in police uniform got out of the car and arrested the criminal.
维度三　完成句子
1．虽然当时我只有6岁，我还能记得在电视上看见过这位老师。(although引导让步状语从句)
Although I was only six, I can remember seeing this teacher on TV.
2．那些羊羔看上去似乎是在雪中冻死的。
The lambs looked as if they had frozen to death in the snow.
3．他是做这项工作的最佳人选，因为他一直努力工作。[动词不定式(短语)作定语]
He is the best man to do the job because he is always working hard.
4．生物学家们因听到这个消息而感到振奋，开始做一些研究来解开人们的困惑。[过去分词(短语)作状语]
Cheered up by this news, biologists began to do some research to remove people's puzzles.
5．很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。(where引导地点状语从句)
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins．
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研选必三U3】
By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years.But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening：Allied troops made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers.This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning.Code-named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June.
An order issued by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read: “Your task will not be an easy one.Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.We will accept nothing less than full Victory！”
With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day.At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.Their objective was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline.But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there.
The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.By mid-morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach.One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out.The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.All the ones in between were hit.Two were killed; three were injured.That's how lucky you had to be.”
1．What was the aim of “Operation Overlord”？
A．To attack Germany directly.
B．To free north-west Europe from German occupation.
C．To occupy the south coast of England.
D．To stop the Second World War.
2．Why was the start date of Operation Overlord set for 6 June
A．Because it was a lucky day.
B．Because the troops were ready.
C．Because of the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides.
D．Because the enemy was weak on that day.
3．What can we know from the passage
A．The Allied soldiers were not well trained.
B．The enemy was not well prepared for the attack.
C．The battle at Omaha Beach was very difficult.
D．The Allied soldiers had no confidence in victory.
答案：1～3.BCC
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·合肥高二检测)The recently opened time capsule at the U．S.Military Academy West Point has sparked excitement and curiosity.Although the initial disappointment was palpable when the box seemed to contain only dirt, the discovery of hidden treasures has reawakened interest in the historical significance of the artifacts.
The time capsule, believed to have been placed by West Point military students, was found inside the base of a memorial dedicated to Thaddeus Kosciuszko, a Revolutionary War hero.The contents of the capsule, revealed during a ceremonial opening at the military school, included six silver American coins dating from 1795 and 1828, as well as a medal commemorating (纪念) the Erie Canal from 1826.　
While the live opening event did not provide the expected glimpse into historical military objects or documents, it has deepened the mystery surrounding the purpose of the time capsule.The discovery of these valuable coins and medal supports the theory that the box was buried by the military students sometime between 1828 and 1829.Additional research will be conducted to explore other potential surprises within the capsule.
The preservation and investigation of the time capsule hold immense historical value, casting light on the past and connecting the present generation with the stories and legacy of those who came before.Archeologist Paul Hudson, despite the initial letdown, remains optimistic about the ongoing research possibilities and the potential insights awaiting discovery.
As experts explore further into the remains of the time capsule, they aim to uncover any remaining artifacts and gain a better understanding of the time period and the motivations behind burying this historical treasure.The challenge lies in preserving and studying the fragile materials, considering the potential damage caused by moisture and the passage of nearly two centuries.
The exploration of this time capsule serves as a reminder of our shared history and the importance of preserving and celebrating the contributions and sacrifices made by those who paved the way for future generations.The story of the West Point time capsule continues to capture the imagination of historians, researchers, and the public, as they eagerly await further discoveries and insights from this extraordinary finding.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国西点军校打开了一个将近两个世纪前的时间胶囊，其中包含了一些珍贵的硬币和一枚奖章，这一发现引发了人们对历史的好奇和探索。
1．What does the underlined word “palpable” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Apparent. B．Unreasonable.
C．Lasting. D．Impossible.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，此处介绍人们对于发现这个时间胶囊的情感与态度的变化，一开始发现盒子里似乎只有泥土时，人们的失望应该是“明显的”。由此可知，画线词意思与apparent意思相近。
2．What does the discovery of the coins and medal confirm about the time capsule
A．It was placed to commemorate the Erie Canal.
B．It was buried during the Revolutionary War.
C．It was treated well as a gift from a foreign country.
D．It was likely buried by military students in the 1800s.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The discovery of these valuable coins...between 1828 and 1829.”可知，硬币和奖章的发现证实了时间胶囊很可能是在19世纪被军校学生埋下的。
3．What is Paul Hudson planning to do next with the remains of the time capsule
A．Donate them to a museum.
B．Sell them to collectors.
C．Bury them again for future generations.
D．Continue studying them for further insights.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“remains optimistic about the ongoing research...awaiting discovery”和第五段中的“As experts explore further...behind burying this historical treasure.”可推知，他计划继续研究时间胶囊的残骸以获得更深入的见解。
4．Why is preserving and studying the materials from the time capsule challenging
A．They are difficult to analyze due to their small size.
B．They may have been seriously damaged over the passage of nearly two centuries.
C．They had been heavily damaged before the capsule was buried.
D．The time capsule had been placed in a remote and inaccessible location.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The challenge lies in preserving...nearly two centuries.”可知，保护和研究时间胶囊中的材料是一项挑战，因为它们可能在近两个世纪中遭到严重损害。
B
A team of three students won$700，000 for using artificial intelligence (AI) to read passages from an ancient papyrus scroll (纸草卷轴). The document is one of the more than 800 scrolls known as the Herculaneum papyri that were carbonized by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD． Researchers discovered the passages in the 18th century，but attempts to read them proved in vain：Unfolding them by hand only caused them to fall apart.
That's where the Vesuvius Challenge comes in. Brent Seales，a computer scientist，and two businessmen, Nat Friedman and Daniel Gross，started the Vesuvius Challenge in March 2023, offering more than$1 million in prize money for reaching a series of milestones using “computer vision，machine learning and hard work”. For the biggest prize，the organizers released high-resolution CT scans of the scrolls and explained the contest's rules：Participants would need to decipher (破译) at least 85 percent of four passages. A series of smaller prizes were also awarded throughout the year.
The winning team consists of Nader (an Egyptian PhD student in Germany)，Julian Schilliger (a robotics student in Switzerland) and Luke Farritor(a computer science student in Nebraska).Their effort was “met with widespread amazement” by the review team of papyrologists.Farritor also won the challenge's D|S40，000 “First Letters” prize in October，when he deciphered the scroll's first word “porphyras”， which means “purple” in ancient Greek.Nader and Farritor began working together the following month and were joined by Schilliger shortly before the December 31 deadline.
The team ultimately trained machine-learning algorithms (算法) to decipher more than 2，000 characters—more than what was needed to win the Grand Prize.These passages appear to be a philosophical discussion of life's pleasures, including music and food, though the papyrology team is still studying the results. “It seems familiar to us，and we can't escape the feeling that the first text we've uncovered is a 2，000-year-old blog post about how to enjoy life，” write the organizers.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一个由三名学生组成的团队利用人工智能破译古代纸草卷轴上的内容，赢得了70万美元奖金的故事。
5．What can be inferred about the papyrus scroll in paragraph 1
A．It was discovered in 79 AD．
B．It was successfully unfolded.
C．Its text contents were unavailable.
D．Its 800-word texts were well-known.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Researchers discovered the passages...caused them to fall apart.”可推知，无法获得纸草卷轴的文本内容。
6．What should participants do to win the biggest prize
A．Explain language rules.
B．Decipher four passages word by word.
C．Develop a type of CT scanner of the scrolls.
D．Translate most characters of the given passages.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For the biggest prize...at least 85 percent of four passages.”可知，参赛者需要破译出给定段落中的大部分字符才能获得最大奖项。
7．What is the author's main purpose in writing paragraph 3
A．To introduce some background information.
B．To summarize the above paragraphs.
C．To lead to a philosophical conclusion.
D．To put forward a scientific theory.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，本段是对获胜团队做的一些背景介绍。
8．What do we know about the winning team's achievement
A．It is under discussion.
B．It is beyond expectation.
C．It is familiar to philosophers.
D．It is uncovered by the organizers.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The team ultimately trained...win the Grand Prize.”可知，获胜团队的成就出乎意料。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·邵阳二中月考)The teacher who changed my life was Marjorie Hurd. She actually set the 1 of my life in the new land I entered as a young war refugee (难民).
Shortly after I met Marjorie Hurd, I was 2 . She introduced me to the 3 wealth of Greece—giving me a new 4 on my war-ravaged (饱受战争蹂躏的) homeland. I began to be proud of my 5 ．
One day, after 6 how writers should write about what they know, she 7 us to compose an essay from our own experience. Then looking at me, she 8 ， “Nick, I want you to write about what happened to your family back in Greece.” I had been trying to put those 9 memories behind me and left the assignment until the last moment. Then I 10 the essay, hoping never to see it again, but Miss Hurd 11 the essay to a contest sponsored by the Worcester Journal and it won a medal.
For the first time I began to understand the 12 of the written word. I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on. After graduation, I became a(n) 13 of the Worcester Journal. When the journal 14 a picture of me standing next to the U.S. President, my father cut out the photograph and 15 it in his breast pocket for the rest of his life to show it to everyone he met.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了曾是战争难民的作者，在老师的引导下走上了文学道路的故事。
1．A．sign B．course
C．form D．cycle
B　解析：根据下文“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on.”可知，老师设定了作者在新土地上的人生方向(course)。
2．A．hesitant B．awkward
C．shocked D．impressed
D　解析：根据下文“I began to be proud of my”可知，老师改变了作者对某个方面的看法，所以作者对她是印象深刻的(impressed)。
3．A．literary B．family
C．personal D．military
A　解析：根据下文“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on.”可知，此处表示老师让作者初次了解了希腊丰富的文学(literary)，让他对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的视角(perspective)。
4．A．feedback B．perspective
C．emphasis D．influence
B　解析：参见上题解析。
5．A．lives B．schools
C．origins D．troops
C　解析：根据上文内容可知，作者对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的视角，开始对自己的出身(origin)感到骄傲。
6．A．discussing B．inquiring
C．recalling D．anticipating
A　解析：根据下文“how writers should write about what they know”可知，应是先讨论(discuss)作家如何把自己知道的东西写出来，再让学生自己创作。
7．A．assigned B．challenged
C．persuaded D．promised
A　解析：根据下文left the assignment可知，此处表示老师在讨论了作家应该如何把自己知道的东西写出来之后，布置作业(assign)让学生根据自己的亲身经历写一篇文章。
8．A．complained B．sighed
C．shouted D．added
D　解析：根据语境及下文内容可知，此处应是老师补充(add)的内容。
9．A．pleasant B．unclear
C．painful D．temporary
C　解析：根据上文as a young war refugee可知，在希腊发生的事情对作者来说是痛苦的(painful)记忆。
10．A．subscribed to B．gave up
C．picked out D．handed in
D　解析：上文提到老师给学生们布置了一篇文章，且根据下文“the essay, hoping never to see it again”可知，作者上交(hand in)了文章。
11．A．compared B．submitted
C．donated D．attached
B　解析：根据下文“the essay to a contest sponsored by the Worcester Journal and it won a medal”可知，老师把这篇文章提交(submit)给了《伍斯特日报》主办的一个竞赛。
12．A．magic B．glory
C．fault D．principle
A　解析：根据下文“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on.”可知，作者从这件事中明白了文字的魔力(magic)。
13．A．waiter B．reader
C．editor D．monitor
C　解析：根据上文“followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on.”及下文“of the Worcester Journal”可知，作者成了《伍斯特日报》的一名编辑(editor)。
14．A．renewed B．polished
C．displayed D．interpreted
C　解析：根据下文“a picture of me standing next to the U．S. President”可知，此处指报纸展示(display)了一张作者和美国总统站在一起的照片。
15．A．found B．carried
C．noticed D．forgot
B　解析：根据下文“in his breast pocket for the rest of his life to show it to everyone he met”可知，作者的父亲把照片放在胸前的口袋里，一直带(carry)着。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·无锡期末)With a life mostly spent in periods of social turmoil (动乱) and war, master artist Qi Baishi often expressed a longing for peace, stability and prosperity. Although times have changed 1.___________________(dramatic) since then, people today are still touched by the joyous atmosphere 2.___________________ positive attitude towards life shown in Qi's works.
The Art Museum of the Beijing Fine Art Academy showed 3._________________ selection of Qi's ink-color paintings and calligraphic scrolls in 4._______________ (it) collection to celebrate the Chinese Lunar New Year. Works on 5.________________ (exhibit) include Sui Zhao Tu, a scroll painting 6.___________________ adopts a particular style of classical Chinese artwork. The style of Sui Zhao Tu paintings, 7.________________(make) to celebrate the Spring Festival, 8._________________ (become) popular in the royal court of the Song Dynasty.
The paintings illustrate blooming plants in anticipation of spring as well as cultural objects, such as incense burners (香炉), 9.___________________(suit) the high-end tastes of noblemen and intellectuals. It was Qi that reformed the style to make it 10.___________________(access) to ordinary people by painting everyday objects such as red lanterns, fireworks and cabbages.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京画院美术馆推出的齐白石系列水彩画与书法卷轴展。
1．dramatically　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词changed，应用dramatic的副词形式dramatically。
2．and　解析：考查连词。空处连接前后两个名词短语the joyous atmosphere和positive attitude towards life，两者之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and。
3．a　解析：考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一组水墨画和书法卷轴”，应用不定冠词，且selection的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
4．its　解析：考查代词。空处修饰名词collection，应用形容词性物主代词its。
5．exhibition　解析：考查名词。空处作on的宾语，应用exhibit的名词形式exhibition，意为“展览”，on exhibition意为“在展览中”。
6．which/that　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词painting，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。
7．made　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语，作style的后置定语，make和style是逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已完成，应用make的过去分词形式。
8．became　解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，根据the Song Dynasty可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。
9．suiting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，suit和The paintings是逻辑上的主动关系，应用suit的现在分词形式，作状语。
10．accessible　解析：考查形容词。空处作宾语补足语，应用access的形容词形式accessible。单元过关检测(三)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节， 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does Miss Jamison think Ted should do
A．Drive faster.
B．Leave sooner.
C．Check the weather forecast.
2．How often do Janet's parents call her
A．About twice a week.
B．Around once a month.
C．About twice a month.
3．Where will the man probably write his paper
A．At home.
B．In a computer lab.
C．At the library.
4．Which aspect of yoga does the man doubt
A．Keeping fit.
B．Losing weight.
C．Giving happiness.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Ways of cooking.
B．Cleaning techniques.
C．Routine housework.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman
A．She's a nurse.
B．She's a dentist.
C．She's a researcher.
7．What does the woman think of the robot Hanako
A．Expensive.
B．Special.
C．Helpless.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Why does the man turn to the woman
A．He has to work late.
B．He has to get groceries.
C．He has a package to come.
9．What do we know about the speakers' kids
A．They are under the age of 21.
B．They'll return home by 3：00 p．m.
C．They'll practice soccer at 5：00 p．m.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What did the woman want to do at first
A．Visit her mother.
B．Refuse a job offer.
C．Resign from work.
11．What does the man suggest the woman do
A．Take an absence leave.
B．Change her job.
C．Hire a care worker.
12．What's the possible relationship between the two speakers
A．Doctor and patient.
B．Boss and employee.
C．Teacher and student.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What made the man give up a sailing trip last weekend
A．The busy schedule.
B．The long distance.
C．The high cost.
14．What did Jenny do last weekend
A．She participated in a competition.
B．She won a football prize at the park.
C．She played tennis with her brother.
15．Who got injured
A．Emily.　　
B．Joe.　　
C．Andy.
16．What will the woman do next weekend
A．Go to meet with the man.
B．Go swimming and fishing alone.
C．Invite the man to a basketball game.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．In which country do children sing songs of spring on May Day
A．France.
B．Greece.
C．Italy.
18．How do children in England deal with the pennies
A．They buy some flowers.
B．They buy gifts.
C．They throw them into a well.
19．What do children in the US do on May Day
A．Give each other gifts.
B．Sing songs to each other.
C．Leave flowers at the doors.
20．Where is the text taken from
A．A class presentation.
B．A TV program.
C．A radio program.
答案：1～5.BCBBC　6～10.BACAC
11～15.ABCAB　16～20.ABCCC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Late again, Ted？This is getting to be a habit.I'd be surprised if you were on time.
M：Sorry, Miss Jamison.Did you see the fog on the weather report？It was dangerous to drive too fast.
W：Maybe you should leave home earlier.①
(Text 2)
M：How often do you call your parents, Janet？I call mine every Saturday and every Sunday.
W：I call my parents once a month.But they call me every two weeks.②
(Text 3)
M：Oh, no! My computer is not working! I have a paper due tomorrow morning, and the library is already closed.
W：Why don't you use the computer labs on campus They're open until midnight.③
M：Really？OK.I'd better run.Thanks for the tip！③
(Text 4)
M：I can't understand why you do yoga.What are the benefits
W：It keeps me fit.Besides，it keeps me happy and helps me control my weight.
M：I really can't believe you can become lighter simply by sitting in different positions.④
(Text 5)
M：Why are you cooking the dinner while your husband is making the beds？Does he never help with cooking
W：Sometimes, but we like to share out the tasks and both of us are better than each other at some jobs.
M：That seems like a very fair way to organize things.
(Text 6)
M：Hello, Ann! How is everything going
W：Not so good.
M：What's the matter
W：Well, you know, I'm a new dentist, ⑥so very few patients are willing to have me treat them.I don't know what to do.
M：I just read about a new kind of robot called Hanako which the Japanese researched and developed.It was developed for dentists!
W：Really？How does it help dentists
M：The robot has many, many different facial expressions which can be useful as a model for young dentists to imitate.Research has shown that dentists using Hanako have really advanced in their practice.
W：That sounds like a wonderful idea, but isn't it very expensive？⑦
(Text 7)
M：Are you going to be home at 3：00 p．m.today, or are you staying late at work
W：I'm not staying late, but I was going to stop by the grocery store on my way home.Why
M：I have something being delivered around 5：00 p．m., and I want to make sure someone is there to receive it.⑧
W：Oh, okay.I can be home by 5：00 p．m., but the kids will both be home from soccer practice by then.One of them could sign for it.
M：No, they can't, because it is a box of wine.The delivery person will need to see identification to make sure the person signing is over 21 years old.Our kids are not old enough yet.⑨　
W：Fine. I will hurry home before the wine arrives.
(Text 8)
W：Do you have a minute, Mr. Johnson
M：Sure, what would you like to discuss
W：I've made a tough decision to resign, sir.⑩
M：Well, I have to tell you that I'm quite surprised.Is there any possible way to change your mind
W：I'm afraid not, sir.I've made up my mind.It's something I have to do.
M：Can I ask why？Were you unhappy working for us or have you been given a better offer
W：Oh, no.It's my mother.She's sick and needs someone to take care of her.I'm the only one who can do it.
M：I'm sorry to hear that, but why don't you just take a leave of absence？ We can hold the job for you until your mother gets better.
W：Really
M：Sure. I'd be crazy to lose a good worker like you.
(Text 9)
W：Did you have a good weekend I heard you went on a sailing trip.
M：It was too expensive, so I just went fishing. What did you do, Emily
W：I wanted to play basketball, but I couldn't find anyone to play with.So I played tennis with my brother instead.
M：Why don't you ask Jenny？ She's good at sports.Oh, no.That's right.She was busy at the park.There was a badminton competition.
W：I hope she won a prize.Did you hear about Joe He broke his leg playing football.
M：Oh, no. That will stop him going swimming with me next weekend.
W：Are you going to the beach I'll come with you. I love it there.Would you like to take me there
M：Of course. The more people the better.We can ask Andy as well.He watched a lot of films at home this weekend, but he says he wants to do something outside next weekend.
W：Great.I'll ask him if he wants to come.
(Text 10)
People in different countries have their own ways of celebrating May Day.In today's program, I'll share some ways of celebrating May Day in some countries.
In France, people touch cows that are walking on the street.They also drink milk directly from cows on the morning of the day.They do that for good luck.
In Greece, children go from door to door and sing songs of spring on May Day. They usually receive something to eat from their neighbors.
In England， children visit from house to house.They bring flowers in exchange for pennies. But they don't use the money to buy anything.They throw them into a wishing well.
In Italy, boys often sing to the girls they love.
So how do people in the US celebrate it Well, children ring doorbells of relatives and friends and then run away leaving flowers there as a surprise.
That's all for today.Thanks for your listening.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Women are such amazing beings and if you need a bit of inspiration to keep going, here are stories of inspiring women who made a mark on history!
Jane Austen (1775-1817)
She wrote about what life was like during the late 1700s and early 1800s through the books Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Emma. These books were released within just four years of each other. Two other books, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were published after she died. Her face is now on the new ￡10 note, reminding us every day how much her books have affected us all.
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
She was born into a wealthy family, which disapproved of her entering the nursing profession. After receiving a letter from the Secretary of War who asked her to put together a team and look after British soldiers during the Crimean War, she moved to London. This was the first time that women were allowed to serve in the army. She went home as a hero and even received a thank-you letter from Queen Victoria. She left a legacy in healthcare in the war.
Marie Curie (1867-1934)
One of the most famous scientists of all time comes in the form of Marie Curie. Together with her fellow scientist and husband Pierre, she made amazing work on their discoveries. In 1903, they received a Nobel Prize. She won another Nobel Prize in 1911, the first woman to do so. The Curies were the pair who made discoveries on radioactivity, which paved the way for the creation of X-rays.
Mother Teresa (1910-1997)
In September 2016, Mother Teresa was announced to be named as a Saint, which she deserves after her devotion to helping people in poverty. In 1929, she traveled to India and dedicated her whole life to helping poor people, especially in the Indian city of Kolkata. She received the Nobel Prize in 1979 and canceled the big dinner celebration. She then suggested giving all of the money to the poor people in Kolkata.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位历史上杰出的女性，她们在文学、医疗、科学和慈善领域的贡献激励了无数人。
21．Why is the ￡10 note mentioned in the passage
A．To increase readers' interest in Jane Austen.
B．To show the value of Jane Austen's face.
C．To make more people know about Jane Austen.
D．To highlight the recognition and impact of Jane Austen's works.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据Jane Austen部分中的“Her face is now on the new ￡10 note, reminding us every day how much her books have affected us all.”可推知，作者提到10英镑的钞票是为了强调简·奥斯汀作品的认可度和她作品的影响力。
22．Who made a mark on nursing
A．Jane Austen.
B．Florence Nightingale.
C．Marie Curie.
D．Mother Teresa.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据Florence Nightingale部分中的“After receiving a letter from the Secretary of War ... She left a legacy in healthcare in the war.”可知，弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔对护理业有着重大的贡献。
23．What did Marie Curie and Mother Teresa have in common
A．They won the Nobel Prize.
B．They served in the army.
C．They gave all their belongings away.
D．They worked for the poor.
A　解析：细节理解题， 根据Marie Curie部分中的“She won another Nobel Prize in 1911, the first woman to do so.”和Mother Teresa部分中的“She received the Nobel Prize in 1979”可知，玛丽·居里和特蕾莎修女都获得过诺贝尔奖。
B
Peter Whittle helps people get their time back.From behind the counter(柜台) of his repair shop, he brings life to 19th century pocket watches, old European clocks, and modern watches.
Digital watches and cell phones may have replaced traditional timekeepers for many, but in the 20 years since he opened Whittle's Watch Works, the demand for his services has only grown.Open three days a week, Whittle's shop takes in more than 1，000 watches a year, sometimes 10 in one day.
Sixty years ago, there were more than 50，000 independent watchmakers in America.These days, the number has dropped to fewer than 6，000, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.“People say no one wears watches anymore，” Whittle said，“but at home, somewhere in a drawer, you might have your mother's watch or your grandfather's watch. And one day, you might find that you want to get it repaired.”
Whittle said he's been busy since the day he opened.He doesn't advertise, and seldom has an online presence, but people knock on the door even when the closed sign is up.During office hours he wears a long white coat that makes him look like a doctor, which he is, in a way. Whittle's services can cost very little, or hundreds.
Joseph Caprara, a watch collector, has been coming to Whittle's for more than ten years.Of the dozens of timepieces he had brought to Whittle, one of the most memorable was an inexpensive watch his mother wore.“What he's really doing sometimes is restoring memories，” Caprara said.“Sometimes a watch is worth a lot more to a person than what you'd think.”
Though the great increase of cell phones has led to fewer people wearing watches, Jordan Ficklin, executive director of the American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute, sees hope for the industry in newer devices, which he says are bringing back that sense of a physical connection with a watch.And like traditional timepieces, the marketing around computerized watches often links the device to emotional experiences：a non-athlete training for a first marathon, a parent monitoring a child's illness, people whose watches have become a basic part of their life.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了惠特尔开办的钟表店为人们修复旧时的记忆的故事。
24．What do we know about Whittle's Watch Works
A．It is going well.
B．It opens five days a week.
C．It needs online advertising.
D．It has fewer and fewer customers.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“in the 20 years since he opened Whittle's Watch Works, the demand for his services has only grown”可知，惠特尔的钟表店生意很好。
25．What does Whittle think of repairing watches
A．It is demanding.
B．It still has a market.
C．It is disappearing slowly.
D．It should charge higher than before.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“but at home...you might find that you want to get it repaired”可推知，惠特尔认为修表还是有市场的。
26．What did Caprara say about watches
A．They are a waste of money.
B．They have gone out of fashion.
C．They are likely to rise in value.
D．They keep old memories alive.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“‘What he's really doing sometimes is restoring memories，’ Caprara said.”可知，卡普拉拉认为手表可以让人回想起以前的记忆。
27．What can we learn about computerized watches
A．They fail to sell well.
B．They will replace traditional watches.
C．They have a huge influence on cell phones.
D．They can also create emotional ties with customers.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And like traditional timepieces...part of their life.”可知，计算机化的手表也可以与使用者建立情感联系。
C
Architects have long turned to the past for inspiration.In this age of concrete and steel, however, they're more likely to look for aesthetic (美学的) influence than technical know-how.But an ancient Chinese construction technique called dougong is a remarkable exception.
Consisting of a series of wooden brackets (支架) with no nails or fasteners, it is commonly found in Chinese architecture, such as the Forbidden City in Beijing.Many structures built during the Tang and Song dynasties featured “curtain walls” which were non-load-bearing．As a result, the unsupported wood shouldering the weight might break.Designers needed a technique which would more regularly spread the burden across their structures.Their solution was dougong.
Engineering has come a long way since the ancient Chinese building technique was fashion.But there's a timeless quality to it.Modern designers in many areas are adopting it to produce amazing and stable work of architecture.Among them is Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, who used dougong-inspired methods for his buildings: Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum and Café Kureon, a 2，120-square-foot restaurant.
For architect Terrence Curry, the attraction of using ancient methods is about finding something that can “speak to Chinese identity”．His structure Dougong Cube (立方), now part of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University in Beijing, was constructed using classical-style brackets and over 2，000 boards.“It has fundamental structure of dougong, but we just aren't using it in the way it was intended to be used.We're really pulling it out—emphasizing its beauty and complexity, and the way it works，” said Curry.“The shape and function of dougong is directly related to properties of wood, and the ability of people who make these buildings.In this way, there's little need for decoration because the structure and design give it its distinctive look.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国建筑中的斗拱结构，它兼顾了美感和牢固性，对现代社会的建筑设计有着深远的影响。
28．Why is dougong referred to as an exception
A．It uses less concrete and steel.
B．It can meet decorative needs.
C．It enjoys a long history.
D．It has a brilliant structure.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Consisting of a series of wooden brackets...in Beijing.”和“Designers needed a technique...was dougong.”可知，因为斗拱有一个巧妙的结构，所以它是个例外。
29．What does the underlined word “non-load-bearing” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Unstable.
B．Unbearable.
C．Unbreakable.
D．Unconventional.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“As a result, the unsupported wood shouldering the weight might break.”可知，木头可能会断裂，所以这种墙是不结实、不稳固的。因此， 画线词意为“不稳固的”。
30．What can be inferred about Dougong Cube in the last paragraph
A．It changes the basic style of dougong.
B．It is more practical than previous Chinese buildings.
C．Its charm can be brought out by its materials and designers.
D．Its unique design remains unknown to the public.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The shape and function of dougong...who make these buildings.”可推知，斗拱的魅力可以被它的材料和设计师激发出来。
31．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Dougong reflects Chinese wisdom in architecture.
B．Chinese identity can be revealed through its architecture.
C．Chinese architecture has a lasting influence on the world.
D．Dougong Cube presents a combination of innovation and tradition.
A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“But an ancient Chinese construction technique called dougong is a remarkable exception.”可知，本文介绍了中国古代建筑中常用的斗拱结构，并对它的牢固性和美感进行了阐述，这反映了中国建筑的智慧。
D
I've chatted with many unhappy employees, finding one big reason is that they aren't aware of what will truly matter to them when choosing a job. Salaries and promotions are important, but not enough. To identify a satisfying job, people should think about staff morale (士气) and do work that is interesting and fun.
My colleague Kaitlin Woolley and I asked a large group of employees what made them like their present jobs, and what factors would cause them to like future jobs.
We found promotions and raises were important for people both in their current jobs and in applying for future jobs. What was interesting was that the majority cared a lot about present benefits (such as doing something with the people you like) in their current jobs, but they didn't expect to care very much about those things in their future jobs.
A basic insight from behavioral science is that people care about the present mainly in the present, but don't really care about it in advance. This natural human tendency has important consequences. They often choose the wrong job or project and end up regretting it. But keep in mind that if there is one thing that is certain about the future, it is that it will one day be the present.
How can we use insights from behavioral science to increase job satisfaction We have developed a three-step approach. First, make sure you choose a career that you enjoy pursuing, one that offers present benefits to you. Second, add present benefits to your working hours. Do whatever makes you happy at work, such as listening to music and breaking the routine with social activities. Third, bring to mind those present benefits that do exist at your work. You can motivate yourself to engage in your work by directing your attention to the positive aspects of your tasks.
The bottom line is that job satisfaction is too rare, and the lack of it is hurting us emotionally and financially. Many years of research have taught us that people feel energized when the process of doing something becomes the goal of doing it. We can apply this principle to increase satisfaction at work by selecting satisfying jobs.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。作者和其他同事调研发现，大多数人在工作中注重眼前的好处，但在选择未来的工作时却忽略这些。这种关心现在而非未来的倾向易导致错误的选择。文章基于行为科学见解，提出了三个提高工作满意度的步骤。
32．What's the function of paragraph 1
A．Giving an example.
B．Making a comparison.
C．Offering a definition.
D．Presenting an argument.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，本段先是介绍员工不快乐的一个原因，然后自然地指出应当通过关注员工的士气和工作趣味性来找到令人满意的工作。由此可推知，本段的功能在于提出论点。
33．How did the author feel about their findings
A．Surprised. B．Stressed.
C．Disappointed. D．Satisfied.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“What was interesting...in their future jobs.”可知，这对作者来说是出乎意料的。
34．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．It is impossible to get job satisfaction at work.
B．People unsatisfied with their work may get into trouble.
C．Selecting a satisfying job can increase job satisfaction.
D．Working without job satisfaction can harm people's health.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“people feel energized...by selecting satisfying jobs”可知，人们可以通过选择一份令人高兴的工作来提高工作满意度。
35．What is the passage mainly about
A．Telling how to choose a satisfying job.
B．Describing the present situations of working.
C．Introducing the knowledge of behavioral science.
D．Explaining the differences between current jobs and future jobs.
A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“To identify a satisfying job...interesting and fun.”可知，文章围绕如何选择令人满意的工作展开。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As digital devices have taken over society, “keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute (替代物) for early handwriting, a new study notes. 36.___________________
“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital，” notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study's leader, who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. 37.___________________ The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard.
38．___________________ Her new findings prove this. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, “gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on，” she explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. 39.___________________ And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of these use and connect more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”， says Vander Meer. 40.___________________ She expresses her worries.
Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings”．
A．Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills.
B．It is believed that typing may be easier for young children.
C．Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard.
D．It has to be done by hand, not necessarily typing on a keyboard.
E．So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful.
F．She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors.
G．It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了相比于传统纸质手写的学习，数字化学习对儿童具有一定的危害。研究人员呼吁要将两种学习模式结合。
36．B　解析：根据上文中的“As digital devices...a new study notes.”并结合第二段首句可推知，空处应指出很多人认为打字比手写更容易。B项符合语境，承上启下。
37．F　解析：上文提到了一位科学家和她的观点，下文开始说一些研究结论。由此可推知，空处应该涉及一些研究过程。F项提到了这位科学家对人脑活动进行了估算，符合语境。
38．C　解析：下文指出手写和打字都涉及多方面大脑活动，并结合第二段可知，空处意在强调前者的重要性。C项符合语境。
39．G　解析：上文提到人们在手写时大脑的活动，下文提到了需要手来控制写字的大小形状等。由此可推知，空处内容应与上下文一致。G项符合语境，选项中的also表明与上文的并列关系。
40．E　解析：根据下文中的“She expresses her worries.”可推知，空处应是关于数字化学习的危害。E项符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
With new term approaching, as a new teacher, I needed to find a reference book in our school library. Therefore, I went in search of the 41 . Before I was leaving, I struck up a(n) 42 with her and then I was completely 43 by her experience.
During the winter break, she had gone by herself to Death Valley, a 44 visited desert. She just rented a car and 45 some simple equipment. All the way, she barely (几乎没有) saw another human being as she drove or hiked. The photos she showed me 46 me from freezing New England to the brilliant sunshine of Death Valley, where she could 47 the appealing landscape. But what really 48 me was how fearless this woman is. So weak is she that I used to think that she was unable to step out of the comfort zone.
I asked her if she was 49 of being out in the vast wilderness alone and she said no 50 . She even loved being alone surrounded by such incredible 51 ， seeking the meaning of life. Further talk revealed that her life has been 52 . She was a young single mother with 2 kids and worked at odd jobs day and night to 53 . To her credit, she obtained her degree in education and found a decent job.
Actually, our brief talk inspired me to lead a more 54 life and she taught me to see a person beyond the 55 ．
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在与图书管理员交谈的过程中被她的经历吸引，发现她不为人知的一面，从而感悟到：不能从表面来判断一个人。
41．A．professor B．assistant
C．novelist D．librarian
D　解析：根据上文“as a new teacher, I needed to find a reference book in our school library. Therefore, I went in search of the __________”可知，因为作者需要去图书馆找参考书，所以就找了图书管理员(librarian)帮忙。
42．A．conversation B．discussion
C．argument D．complaint
A　解析：根据下文“and then I was completely __________ by her experience”可推知，作者和这位图书管理员进行交谈。strike up a conversation with sb.意为“与某人展开对话”，符合语境。
43．A．bothered B．attracted
C．moved D．convinced
B　解析：根据尾段中的“our brief talk inspired me”可知，作者被图书管理员的经历所吸引(attract)。
44．A．rarely B．regularly
C．frequently D．occasionally
A　解析：根据下文“All the way, she barely saw another human being as she drove or hiked.”可知，她开车或徒步旅行时几乎没有看到其他人，这应该是一个很少(rarely)有人去的沙漠。原文中的“barely”和A项rarely为同义复现。
45．A．tried out B．put aside
C．gave away D．packed up
D　解析：根据上文“She just rented a car”及下文“some simple equipment”可知，此处是说她只是打包(pack up)了一些简单的设备。
46．A．rushed B．dragged
C．transported D．protected
C　解析：根据下文“from freezing New England to the brilliant sunshine of Death Valley”可知，图书管理员的照片使作者有种身临其境的感觉，好像把作者从寒冷的新英格兰带到艳阳高照的死亡谷。transport在此处意为“使产生身临其境的感觉”。
47．A．miss B．paint
C．appreciate D．treasure
C　解析：根据下文“the appealing landscape”可知，迷人的风景是要欣赏(appreciate)的。
48．A．scared B．upset
C．delighted D．amazed
D　解析：根据下文“how fearless” 和“So weak”可知，图书管理员最让作者惊讶的(amazed)地方是：她看起来弱不禁风，却毫不畏惧一个人去沙漠探险。
49．A．certain B．frightened
C．incapable D．ashamed
B　解析：根据下文“being out in the vast wilderness alone”及常识可知，此处应是作者询问她是否害怕(frightened)一个人在沙漠旅行。
50．A．without excuse B．without hesitation
C．with doubt D．with confidence
B　解析：根据下文“She even loved being alone surrounded”可推知，她并不害怕，所以是毫不犹豫地(without hesitation)说。
51．A．books B．fantasy
C．findings D．beauty
D　解析：根据上文“Death Valley...the appealing landscape”和“She even loved being alone surrounded by such incredible”可知，她喜欢被这种不可思议的美(beauty)环绕。
52．A．tough B．smooth
C．changeable D．unpredictable
A　解析：根据下文“She was a young single mother with 2 kids and worked at odd jobs day and night”可推知，她的生活十分艰难(tough)。
53．A．succeed B．escape
C．survive D．suffer
C　解析：根据上文“worked at odd jobs day and night”可知，她日夜打零工是为了养家糊口，为了生存(survive)。
54．A．colorful B．meaningful
C．comfortable D．sustainable
B　解析：根据上文可知，她生活艰难，但勇于独自去沙漠旅行。由此可推知，她的经历激励了作者过更有意义的(meaningful)生活。
55．A．reach B．range
C．surface D．control
C　解析：根据上文“how fearless...So weak is she...the comfort zone”可知，作者对该图书管理员的弱不禁风的印象和现实中勇敢坚强的她反差很大，所以作者感悟到看人不能只看表面(surface)。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China, the birthplace of tea, 56.___________________(hold) a deep-rooted relationship with this beloved drink since ancient times. Tea has become a part of Chinese culture, appearing in poems and 57.___________________(tradition) customs. For many people, the joy of tea comes not just from its taste, 58.___________________ from the beauty of tea ceremonies.
In spring, 59.___________________(pick) tea leaves is a cherished activity in South China. Before Qingming in early April, 60.___________________ the weather warms up and rain comes more often, the first tea leaves are ready to be harvested. This early tea, called Mingqian tea, is 61.___________________(high) praised for its quality.
Zhejiang Province in East China is 62.___________________ major tea-producing area. Famous types include White Tea from Anji County and West Lake Longjing Tea from Hangzhou, both of which 63.___________________(know) in China and abroad. During spring, the hills in these regions are covered with tea workers tending to their plants. Many 64.__________(tourist) visit these areas to enjoy the beautiful tea farms and taste freshly brewed tea.
Thousands of years ago, Chinese people turned a simple leaf 65._____________ a delicious drink. Over time, tea has continued to play an important role in Chinese culture, enriching lives and preserving traditions.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的茶文化，包括茶的悠久历史、春茶采摘活动、主要产茶区及其著名品种等。
56．has held　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“since ancient times”可知，动作发生在过去，持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，且主语China为单数，助动词应用has。
57．traditional　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词customs，应用tradition的形容词形式traditional，意为“传统的”。
58．but　解析：考查连词。not just...but...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……还……”。
59．picking　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处和空后的tea leaves搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，且此处指普通的、一般的行为，应用pick的动名词形式。
60．when　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Qingming in early April，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。
61．highly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词praised，应用high的副词形式highly，意为“高度地”。
62．a　解析：考查冠词。空处表示泛指，表示“一个主要的产茶区”，应用不定冠词，且major的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
63．are known　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语从句的谓语，此处在描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，动词know和逻辑主语“White Tea...and West Lake Longjing Tea from Hangzhou”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是复数，be动词应用are。
64．tourists　解析：考查名词复数。空处作主语，根据空前的Many可知，应用tourist的复数形式。
65．into　解析：考查介词。turn...into...为固定短语，意为“把……变为……”。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友汤姆(Tom)喜欢中国历史，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍《上下五千年》这本通俗历史书。内容如下：
1．写信的目的；
2．简单介绍一下这本书；
3．表达希望。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考词汇：《上下五千年》(Five Thousand Years)
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One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese history, and I would like to introduce Five Thousand Years to you, which is a popular history book about Chinese history.
It is written in simple Chinese and the figures and events in it are vividly portrayed. This book is very suitable for you to learn about Chinese history and I'm sure it will help you have a good command of Chinese history.
I hope that this book can help you know more about Chinese history as well as Chinese people.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Benjy and I were working in the yard together one afternoon. It was during a summer between college terms, a time of uncertainty for my son. Benjy wanted to follow in my footsteps as a musician, but he was impatient for success. Talented as he was, often he took up one thing and his passion faded. I ached for him and wished I could say something.
Taking a break, Benjy looked around our 15 acres with its stream, its trees, and its rolling grass. “This place is beautiful，” he said. “How did you get it？”
I had long expected Benjy to ask about this, so I told him the story of the land.
Gloria and I were teaching in a town where I had grown up. We wanted land so we could build a house to welcome our first baby. I noticed a parcel south of town where cattle grazed (吃草). It belonged to a 92-year-old retired banker named Mr. Yule, who owned a lot of land in the area, but was selling none of it. He gave the same speech to everyone who inquired. “I promised the farmers they could use it for their cattle.”
Nevertheless, despite being turned down so many times, Gloria and I persisted in visiting him at the bank, where he still spent his days. Then one day, after we claimed our names and intention, Mr. Yule looked up from his paper, pursed his lips and stared. “Gaither. Bill Gaither. Are you any relation to Grover Gaither？”
“Yes, sir. He was my granddad.”
Mr. Yule put down his paper and removed his glasses. Then he pointed to a couple of chairs, and we sat down.
“Grover Gaither was the best worker I ever had on my farm, patient and persistent in everything，” he said. “Showed up early, stayed late, did whatever needed doing and never had to be told.” Mr. Yule squinted, his eyes distant with the memory. “What'd you say you wanted, Gaither？”
I told him again.
“Let me do some thinking on it, then come back and see me.”
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
We were in his office again within a week.
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I nodded at Benjy, “Yes, patience and persistence really matter.”
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One possible version：
We were in his office again within a week. To our surprise, Mr. Yule greeted us warmly and informed us of his decision. “I've thought about it, Gaither. I'll sell you that parcel of land，” he said with a firm voice, handing us the terms of the sale. The price was unexpectedly reasonable, and we were overjoyed. Before we could thank him, Mr. Yule added, “Your granddad taught me that good things come to those who are patient and persistent. I see the same quality in you.” With hard work and determination, we eventually built our home on that land, which marked the beginning of countless cherished memories.
I nodded at Benjy, “Yes, patience and persistence really matter.” Benjy looked thoughtful as he processed my words. “So, it's not just about talent, but also about sticking to something and working hard for it？” he asked. I smiled, sensing a breakthrough. “Exactly, son. Success doesn't come overnight. It's about staying dedicated even when things get tough.” That afternoon, we kept working silently in the yard, but I could sense a shift in Benjy's attitude. Later that evening, he played his guitar with renewed passion, as if he had rediscovered his purpose and the value of perseverance.Period 3　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(介绍工业革命的说明文)
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假定你校英文报即将开辟“History”栏目，请你根据所给要点写一篇短文向该栏目投稿，简要介绍工业革命。
开端 纺织业的技术革新
时间 第一次工业革命：18世纪中期至19世纪中期(蒸汽动力发挥重要的作用)；第二次工业革命：19世纪中期至20世纪初(更多新技术被用于大规模生产，进入电气时代)
影响 人口从农村转移至城市；交通更加便利、快捷
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：工业革命(the Industrial Revolution)；纺织业(the textile industry)；蒸汽动力(steam power)；电气时代(the age of electricity)
　审题谋篇
　遣词造句
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[第一段]　总体介绍工业革命
1．工业革命始于18世纪中期的英国，创新成果主要应用于纺织业。
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s, and the innovations were mainly used in the textile industry．
[第二段]　具体介绍工业革命的两个阶段
2．工业革命的第一波浪潮从18世纪中期持续到19世纪中期。
The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s．
3．当时，蒸汽动力发挥了重要作用。
At that time, steam power played an important role．
4．下一波浪潮发生在19世纪中期至20世纪初，当时更多的新技术被用于大规模生产商品。
The next wave took place from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s, when more new technologies were used to mass-produce goods．
[第三段]　阐述工业革命的影响
5．工业革命给人们的日常生活带来了许多变化。
The Industrial Revolution brought about many changes to people's daily life．
6．为了在工厂里工作，他们从农村和农场搬到城市。
They moved from the country and farms to the cities to work in factories．
7．同时，新的交通方式被引入。
Meanwhile, new ways of transportation were introduced．
8．这使得去其他地方旅行更加方便、快捷。
This made it more convenient and fast to travel to other places.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 巧用单元句式，靓化表达促提升
9．[读教材原句]　(教材P30)A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.
[记句式]　 with复合结构
[学仿写]　用with复合结构改写句1
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s, with the innovations mainly used in the textile industry.
10．[读教材原句]　(人教选必一U1)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.
[记句式]　 when引导非限制性定语从句
[学仿写]　用when引导非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3
The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s, when steam power played an important role.
11．[读教材原句]　(教材P31)As a teenager, he loved sailing, and he showed great interest in geography, which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
[记句式]　which引导非限制性定语从句
[学仿写]　用which引导非限制性定语从句合并句7和句8
Meanwhile, new ways of transportation were introduced, which made it more convenient and fast to travel to other places.
　衔接成篇
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One possible version：
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s, with the innovations mainly used in the textile industry.
The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s, when steam power played an important role. The next wave took place from the mid-1800s to the early-1900s, when more new technologies were used to mass-produce goods. The age of electricity began.
The Industrial Revolution brought about many changes to people's daily life. They moved from the country and farms to the cities to work in factories. Meanwhile, new ways of transportation were introduced, which made it more convenient and fast to travel to other places.
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第一段介绍工业革命的时间、地点 1.The First Industrial Revolution, a monumental shift in human history, unfolded primarily in Europe and North America from the 18th century to the 19th century, completely reshaping the global economic and social landscape.第一次工业革命是人类历史上的一次重大转变，主要发生在18世纪至19世纪的欧洲和北美，彻底重塑了全球经济和社会格局。2.Spanning from the late 18th century to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution had its roots firmly planted in the developed regions of Europe and gradually spread to other parts of the world.　工业革命从18世纪后期持续到20世纪初，其根源深深扎在欧洲的发达地区，并逐渐传播到世界其他地方。
第二段具体介绍工业革命的两个阶段 1.Starting in the mid-18th century in Britain, the First Industrial Revolution gradually transformed the country from an agricultural society into an industrial powerhouse.第一次工业革命始于18世纪中期的英国，逐渐将这个国家从农业社会转变为工业强国。2.During the period from 1870 to 1914, the Second Industrial Revolution swept across the developed countries of Europe and North America, driving rapid industrial growth.在1870年至1914年期间，第二次工业革命席卷了欧洲和北美的发达国家，推动了工业的快速增长。
第三段阐述工业革命产生的影响 1.The Industrial Revolution triggered a remarkable surge in economic productivity.工业革命引发了经济生产力的显著提升。2.It also promoted the development of international trade. With the improvement of transportation, such as the construction of railways and steamships, goods could be transported more quickly and cheaply across long distances.　它还促进了国际贸易的发展。随着铁路和蒸汽船等交通方式的改善，商品能够更快速、廉价地长距离运输。3.The Industrial Revolution also contributed to the improvement of social mobility.工业革命也有助于提高社会流动性。
写作二　场景微续写(致力于环境保护)
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词汇积累 [环境描写]　emission, melt, ecology, habitable, sustain →sustainable, footprint, basin, harmonious→harmony, moderate, tropical, jungle, smog, garbage, conservation, waterway[动作描写]　starve, release, broadcast, restrict →restriction, reform, undergo, implement, submit, restore, fine, tolerate
佳句积累 [环境描写]　1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.2.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. 3.The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.[情感描写]　1.In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.2.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.[主旨升华]　It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
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[场景呈现]　汤姆一直致力于环境保护。他对环境问题很敏感，绝不容忍任何形式的污染。他通过减少自身垃圾、正确垃圾分类来积极倡导可持续的生活方式。为了减少排放物，汤姆限制私家车的使用，更倾向于乘坐公共交通工具。他还倡导保护自然资源。此外，他还参与修复受损栖息地的项目，旨在创造一个更宜居的世界，实现人与自然的和谐共生。
Tom is always committed to environmental protection. He 1.is sensitive to environmental issues and won't tolerate any form of pollution. He actively 2.promotes sustainable living by reducing his own garbage and separating waste properly. 3.To cut down on emissions(动词不定式作目的状语), Tom restricts his use of private vehicles and prefers public transport. He also advocates for the conservation of natural resources. Moreover, he participates in projects to restore damaged habitats, 4.aiming to create a more habitable world[现在分词(短语)作状语] and achieve harmony between humans and nature.
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短语必记
1.global warming 全球变暖
2.species extinction 物种灭绝
3.resource depletion 资源枯竭
4.reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹
5.use renewable energy 使用可再生能源
6.recycle waste 回收废物
7.ban single-use plastics 禁止一次性塑料
8.promote public transportation 推广公共交通
9.practice sustainable agriculture 实行可持续农业
10.green living 绿色生活
11.live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共生
12.sustainable development 可持续发展
必背金句
1.We should reduce the use of plastic bags to protect the environment.
我们应该减少塑料袋的使用来保护环境。
2.Saving water is crucial for environmental protection as water resources are limited.
因为水资源是有限的，所以节约用水对环境保护至关重要。
3.We need to promote the use of renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
我们需要推广可再生能源的使用来减少温室气体排放。
4.If everyone could make a contribution to environmental protection, our home will become much more beautiful.　如果每个人为环境保护做出一点贡献，我们的家园将会变得更加美丽。
5.If we fail to take immediate action to protect endangered species, we risk losing biodiversity that is crucial for maintaining ecological balance.　如果我们不立即采取行动保护濒危物种，我们将面临失去对维持生态平衡至关重要的生物多样性的风险。
6.Although many people are aware of the importance of reducing plastic use, a significant amount of plastic waste is still generated every day, which poses a serious threat to marine life.　尽管许多人意识到减少塑料使用的重要性，但每天仍然有大量的塑料垃圾产生，这对海洋生物构成了严重威胁。INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "博览万象1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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环境与发展
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【高频词汇】
1．hydropower n. 水电
2．dam n. 大坝
3．capacity n. 容量
4．construction n. 建设
5．engineering n. 工程
6．generator n. 发电机
7．reservoir n. 水库
8．plateau n. 高原
9．downstream adv. 在下游方向
10．displacement n. 迁移
11．resettlement n. 移民安置
12．biodiversity n. 生物多样性
13．landscape n. 地貌
14．watercourse n. 河道
15．estimate n. 估算
16．span n. 跨度
17．outlay n. 支出
18．carbon neutrality 碳中和
【话题佳句】
1．(人教选必三U3)We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
作为个体，我们也可以通过限制自身生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
2．(人教选必三U3)It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，对每个人进行关于全球变暖及其原因和影响的教育，因为这是影响我们这个地球上所有人的最严峻的问题。
3．(外研选必三U5)To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
满足当今的需求同时保护未来的世界也许是一个挑战，但即便是最简单的生物也能教我们如何实现这一点。
4．(外研选必一U6)Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
青藏铁路历时多年建成，记录了我们为克服最艰巨的工程挑战所付出的一切努力。
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China has approved the construction of what will be the world's largest hydropower dam, kicking off an 1.ambitious(ambition) project on the eastern rim of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau that could affect millions downstream in India and Bangladesh.
The dam, which 2.will be located(locate) in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, could produce 300 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, according to 3.an estimate provided by the Power Construction Corp of China in 2020. That would more than triple the 88.2 billion kWh 4.designed(design) capacity of the Three Gorges Dam, 5.currently(current) the world's largest, in central China.
The project will play a major role in meeting China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, stimulate related 6.industries(industry) such as engineering, and create jobs in Xizang, the official Xinhua News Agency reported on Wednesday. A section of the Yarlung Zangbo River falls a dramatic 2，000 metres (6，561 feet) within a short span of 50 km (31 miles), 7.offering(offer) huge hydropower potential as well as unique engineering challenges.
The outlay 8.for building the dam, including engineering costs, is also expected to eclipse the Three Gorges Dam, which cost 254.2 billion yuan($34.83 billion). This included the resettling of the 1.4 million people it displaced and was more than four times the initial estimate of 57 billion yuan. Authorities have not indicated how many people the Xizang project would displace and how it would affect the local ecosystem, one of the richest and most diverse on the plateau.
According to Chinese officials, hydropower projects in Xizang, which they say hold more than a 9.third(three) of China's hydroelectric power potential, would not have a major impact on the environment or on downstream water supplies.
By far，China already has begun hydropower generation on the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo, 10.which flows from the west to the east of Tibet. It is planning more projects upstream.
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The Simple Joy of Nature Cams
Adapted from The Guardian weekly
In 2012 Dianne Hoffman, a retired consultant, became a peeping Tom. For five hours a day she watched a couple, Harriet and Ozzie, who lived in Dunrovin ranch in Montana.
The pair were nesting ospreys (鹗鸟), being streamed live as they hatched their clutch of eggs. The eggs never hatched, but the ospreys sat on them for months before finally kicking them out of the nest. “I do think they experienced grief，” said Hoffman, now 81, who watched the birds each day from 3，000km away in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.
Nature-focused live streams, set up near nests, water holes, dens or landscapes, have increased over the past two decades, helped by cheap cameras and remote Internet connections. The seventh season of the TV series The Great Moose Migration from the Swedish broadcaster SVT involved 20 days of continuous live footage, drawing in millions of viewers. Norway's NRK has aired 18 hours of salmon swimming upstream and 12 hours of alderwood (桤木) burning. A viral migration of fish allows viewers to watch migrating eels (鳗) in a lock in Utrecht.
A study, unpublished by Mary Ann Liebert Inc found nature live streams could “improve the lives of those who cannot leave their homes or live far from natural environments”. Many of these people are older or those with reduced mobility. For them, the live streams are not just another form of entertainment—research suggests they could be a powerful tool.
Another 2023 study, published in the Ageing & Mental Health publication, shows that playing nature-focused live streams increased the well-being of some of the older residents in care homes, improving their mood, levels of relaxation and sleep. I also could have a “significant positive change”， an “innovative and effective way” to improve well-being broadly.
“I've realised it's not just for older adults—there are all sorts of reasons people might need full access to nature，” said Mauldin.
1．nature cam自然摄像头
2．peeping Tom 偷窥的人(调侃)
3．clutch n．(禽鸟的)一窝蛋
4．grief n．悲伤
5．den n．(动物)兽穴
6．footage n．一组(电影，电视)镜头
7．draw in 吸引
8．air (熟词生义) v．播放；播出
9．lock n．闸
10．mobility n．移动的能力
答案：1.nature-focused　2.two decades　3.benefits
4.Nature-focused live streams
Over the past two decades, nature live streams of 1.wildlife like nesting birds and migrating fish have expanded with 2.improved technology. Studies reveal these broadcasts significantly benefit home-bound and elderly viewers by reducing their stress and 3.improving their sleep, serving as an accessible alternative to experiencing nature remotely.
1.Nature-focused live streams, set up near nests, water holes, dens or landscapes, have increased over the past two decades, helped by cheap cameras and remote Internet connections.
[分析]　句中“set up near...landscapes”为动词-ed形式作后置定语；“helped by...connections”为动词-ed形式作原因状语。
[翻译]　在过去的二十年里，得益于便宜的相机和远程互联网连接，在鸟巢、水坑、洞穴或景观附近建立的以自然为主题的直播越来越多。
2.The seventh season of the TV series The Great Moose Migration from the Swedish broadcaster SVT involved 20 days of continuous live footage, drawing in millions of viewers.
[分析]　句中“from the Swedish broadcaster SVT”为介词短语作定语；“drawing in millions of viewers”为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
[翻译]　瑞典电视台播出的第七季《驼鹿大迁徙》连续20天进行了现场直播，吸引了数百万观众。
3.Another 2023 study, published in the Ageing & Mental Health publication, shows that playing nature-focused live streams increased the well-being of some of the older residents in care homes, improving their mood, levels of relaxation and sleep.
[分析]　句中“published in...publication”为动词-ed形式作后置定语；that引导宾语从句；“improving their mood...and sleep”为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
[翻译]　另一项于2023年发表在《老龄化与心理健康》杂志上的研究显示，播放以自然为主题的直播能够提升养老院中一些老年人的幸福感，改善他们的情绪、放松程度和睡眠质量。
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Buck's Conflict① with Spitz
Excerpt from The Call of the Wild
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淘金潮时期，米勒法官家的爱犬巴克被贩卖到寒冷的阿拉斯加，它历经了重重磨难，最终回归到大自然。
As Dawson grew closer, Buck continued to get between Spitz and those he wanted to punish②， but he did it craftily (狡猾地), when Francois was not around. Because of this, all the other dogs started behaving③ badly, except Dave and Sol-leks. There were continual problems between the two dogs. Francois knew that sooner or later④ the life-and-death (生死攸关的) struggle for the position of the leader would occur.
But there was no opportunity, and as⑤ they pulled into⑥ Dawson, the great fight was still to come⑦. In Dawson, there were many men and countless⑧ dogs. Buck saw them all at work. It seemed normal that dogs should work, doing⑨ all the pulling jobs which⑩ horses did in California. Every night, regularly at nine, at twelve, at three, the huskies (哈士奇) howled (嚎叫) a nocturnal (夜间的) song, a weird chant (咏唱), which Buck joined in with. It was an old song, old as the breed itself—one of the first songs of an ancient world in a time when songs were sad.
Seven days later, they dropped down onto the Yukon (加拿大育空) Trail, and started back to Dyea and Salt Water. Perrault was carrying letters which were even more urgent than those he had brought in. He wanted to make this the fastest trip of the year . Several things helped him. The week's rest had given the dogs time to get back to normal health. The trail which they had taken on the way to Dawson was now packed hard because of later travellers. And the police had arranged for deposits of food to be left in two or three places, for dog and man, so he was travelling light .
They did a good seventy-five-kilometre run on the first day; and on the second dashed up the Yukon well on their way to Pelly. But this speed was hard work for Francois, because the revolt (起义) led by Buck had destroyed the unity (团结) of the team. All the dogs now showed disrespect to Spitz, stealing his food and attacking him.
The relationship between the other dogs had also changed, and, apart from Dave and Sol-leks, they often fought with each other. Francois knew that Buck was behind all the trouble, and Buck knew that he knew. But Buck was too clever to let him catch him again. He worked well in the harness (挽具), because he enjoyed the work, but it was a great delight to him to slyly (狡猾地) make the others fight amongst themselves.
At the mouth of the Tahkeena, one night after dinner, Dub found a rabbit, but couldn't quite catch it. In a second the whole team was chasing it. A hundred metres away, there was another camp with fifty huskies. These dogs also joined the chase. The rabbit sped down the river, and up a valley. It ran lightly on the surface of the snow while the dogs ploughed through (艰难前行) it using their strength. Buck was leading the pack ， but he couldn't catch the rabbit. He felt his instincts (本能) rise in him as he chased. He was at the head of the pack, running after a wild thing—living meat. He wanted to kill it with his own teeth and wash his nose in its warm blood. He was consumed by feelings deep within him, going back to the beginning of time.
But Spitz was as cold and calculating (精于算计的) as usual. He ran away from the pack and cut across a narrow piece of land while Buck and the others followed the rabbit and the river around a U-shaped bend . Buck did not realise this. As Buck rounded the bend, he suddenly saw Spitz jump down in front of the rabbit. The rabbit could not turn, and as the dog's teeth broke its back, it shrieked (尖叫) loudly. Hearing the noise, the full pack behind Buck showed their delight.
Buck did not cry out. He did not slow down, but ran into Spitz, shoulder to shoulder. The dogs rolled over in the powdery (粉末状的) snow. Spitz got up immediately, and slashed (攻击) Buck's shoulder, then jumped clear.
Buck knew the time had come. They circled around each other, snarling (咆哮) and watching for an advantage. The huskies were now in an expectant circle, and everything was silent. But there was nothing new or strange in this. It was what had always been, the way of things.
Spitz was a practised fighter. From Spitzbergen through the Arctic, and across Canada, he had fought all kinds of dogs and achieved mastery (统治) over them. He was full of hate and anger, but never blind. In his passion to break and destroy, he never forgot that his enemy had the same passion to break and destroy. He never rushed till he was prepared to receive a rush; never attacked until he had first defended an attack.
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①conflict n．冲突
②punish v．惩罚
③behave v．表现；行为
④sooner or later迟早
⑤此处为as引导时间状语从句。
⑥pull into驶进
⑦be to come即将到来
⑧countless adj.数不清的
⑨此处为v.-ing作状语。
⑩此处为which引导定语从句。
regularly adv.定期地
breed n．品种；物种
urgent adj.紧急的
此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
pack [熟词生义] v．压实
arrange v．安排
deposit [熟词生义] n．存储
travel light轻装上阵
good [熟词生义]adj.相当大的；不少于
dash v．冲
此处为v.-ed作定语。
destroy v．破坏
disrespect n．不尊敬
此处为v.-ing作状语。
attack v．攻击
apart from除……以外
此处为抽象名词具体化。
chase v．追逐
surface n．表面
此处while作并列连词，表对比。
pack [熟词生义] n．群
此处为“feel＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
此处为as引导时间状语从句。
consume [熟词生义] v．使充满(强烈的感情)
narrow adj.狭窄的
bend [熟词生义] n．拐弯；转角
round [熟词生义] v．绕行
此处为v.-ing作状语。
circle v．转圈
expectant adj.期待的；预期的
此处为what引导表语从句。
passion n．热情；激情
此处为till引导时间状语从句。
defend v．防御Period 2　Grammar and usage
表语从句
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在复合句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句，一般位于系动词(be、look、remain、seem等)之后。这种从句往往是对主句的主语的进一步解释说明。 引导表语从句的词有：
从属连词 that、whether、as if/though、because
连接代词 what、who、whom、whose、which、whatever等
连接副词 when、where、how、why等
一、that和whether引导表语从句
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(1)(教材P34)His father's dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
他父亲的梦想是有一天他能写出一部伟大的杰作，记录历史上发生的事情。
(2)(教材P35)The truth is that there are many reasons why wars break out.
事实是战争爆发的原因有很多。
(3)No children make no mistakes while they are growing up and the most important thing is whether they can learn from the mistakes.
没有一个孩子在成长过程中不犯任何错误，最重要的事情是他们能否从错误中吸取教训。
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that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，但通常不可省略。whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语从句。
二、as if/though、because引导表语从句
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(1)(北师大必修三U9)Childhood memories are often very emotional. This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
童年记忆往往非常感性。这是因为我们第一次体验事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。
(2)(人教必修一U4)At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
凌晨3：42，所有东西都开始摇晃。看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临！
(3)The old house looks as though it has a story to tell.
这座老房子看起来好像有故事要诉说。
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1．as if/though引导的表语从句常置于 look、seem、sound、be、become 等系动词后面。because引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/It is/was because...”句型中。
2．as if/though引导的表语从句如果描述的是事实或极有可能发生的情况，则从句用陈述语气。如果描述的是非真实的情况，则从句用虚拟语气：表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；表示与过去事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用“would/might/could＋动词原形”。
3．三个易混的表语从句：
(1)“This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)”意为“这/那就是……的原因。”；
(2)“This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)”意为“这/那是因为……”；
(3)“The reason why...is that＋表语从句”意为“……的原因是……”。
三、连接代词引导表语从句
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(1)(外研选必三U2)This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos. This is what makes them so special.
我们从他拍的照片中就能看出来这种挚爱和辛勤工作。正是这一点使他的照片如此特别。
(2)My trouble is whom I can ask for advice about this problem because I don't have enough experience dealing with it.
我的麻烦是我可以向谁咨询这个问题，因为我没有足够的经验来处理它。
(3)The most important issue is who will be in charge of the project in such harsh conditions.
最重要的问题是谁将在如此恶劣的条件下负责这个项目。
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连接代词what、who、whom、which、whose等引导表语从句时，除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。
四、连接副词引导表语从句
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(1)(教材P35)The museum was closed.That was why we couldn't see the historical documents.
博物馆关门了。那就是为什么我们不能看到历史文献。
(2)(外研选必三U2)A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
他吃饭的地方是一家简朴的餐馆，在那里他总是吃一样的香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
(3)(外研选必三U2)Bill Cunningham was an observer, and not one of the observed, a worker not a star—and this was how he wanted it.
比尔·坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是被观察者之一；是一个工作者，而不是一个明星——这就是他想要的方式。
(4)I was walking down the street, and that's when I saw the accident.
我正走在街上，那时候我看到了那起事故。
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连接副词when、where、how、why等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中分别充当时间、地点、方式、原因等状语。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·浙江卷1月)The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.
2．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer.
3．(2023·全国乙卷)It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
4．What made the doctor upset was whether he should tell the patient the truth or not.
5．It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger.It's because their habitats or homelands are disappearing.
6．The trouble is who is qualified to take over the business while the manager is absent.
7．As a member of society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
8．The problem is which dictionary is the most suitable for English beginners.
9．The reason why he didn't come is that there was a severe traffic jam on the highway, making him miss the appointment.
10．By boat is the only way to get here, and this is how we arrived despite the rough sea conditions.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．(人教选必一U4)他们的眼睛几乎不动，他们的脸上总是有同样的疏远呆滞的表情，就好像他们睁着眼睛在睡觉。
Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though/as if they are asleep with their eyes open．
2．她积极参加各种课外活动，那就是她能够保持健康的原因。
She takes an active part in various after-school activities, and that's why she can keep fit．
3．他过去是个胆小又书呆子气的男孩，但现在他已经不是几年前的样子了。
He used to be a timid and bookish boy, but now he is not what he was a few years ago．
4．最重要的是，我们应该采取一些有效的措施来保护环境。
What is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to protect the environment．
5．我的建议是，学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法，以便能够找到最适合自己的方法。
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sisyphus, a well-known king in Greek mythology, was sentenced to forever suffering in the underworld by the angry gods: he had to roll a huge rock up a hill. When he reached the top, the stone would roll back down to the bottom, and he would have to start all over, on and on, forever. Nowadays, any task combining boredom, struggle, stress, and futility (无意义) might be labeled “Sisyphean”. One could even argue that all of life is Sisyphean: we eat just to get hungry again, and shower just to get dirty again, day after day, until the end.
Absurd (荒谬的), isn't it Albert Camus, the philosopher and Father of Absurdism thinks so. In his book The Myth of Sisyphus, Camus selects Sisyphus as a representative of the absurd. And yet Camus concludes, “One must imagine Sisyphus happy, because the struggle itself towards the heights is enough to fill a man's heart.”
This may seem impossible, but this unexpected insight in Camus' philosophy of life and happiness can help you change your perspective and see your daily struggles in a new way. Instead of feeling desperation at the futility of life, Camus tells us to consciously accept its ridiculousness as the only way to arrive at happiness.
In fact, each of us can carry out Camus' absurdism with mindfulness in order to live a happy life. When the broad sweep of life brings you horror, just concentrate on this moment, and enjoy it. The pleasure and meaning you can find right now are real; the meaninglessness of the future is not.
On my bad days, I wake up seeing only rocks and can't face pushing them once again up that hill. Those are the days when my old friend Camus comes in handy. Rather than feeling despairing of the absurdity of life, I dive into it, laugh at it, and start my day in a light mood. Then I gather my beloved rocks and set out for the nearest hill.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了加缪的荒诞主义哲学，通过希腊神话中西西弗斯的故事，阐述了在看似无意义的生活中找到幸福的方法。
1．What punishment did Sisyphus receive
A．He had to climb up and down a hill.
B．He had to move a stone up a hill repeatedly.
C．He was sentenced to living in the underworld.
D．He was stopped from reaching the top of a hill.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he had to roll a huge rock up a hill...on and on, forever”可知，西西弗斯受到的惩罚是反复把一块石头推上山。
2．Why does Camus think Sisyphus is happy
A．He has enough suffering.
B．He can keep himself engaged.
C．He is selected as a representative.
D．He can always start over his work.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One must imagine Sisyphus happy...to fill a man's heart.”可知，加缪认为西西弗斯是幸福的，因为他能让自己一直忙于向高处推石头的过程，这一奋斗过程本身就足以填满一个人的心。
3．What will you do in a traffic jam according to Camus' philosophy
A．Enjoy music in the car.
B．Flash headlights repeatedly.
C．Complain of the busy traffic.
D．Regret choosing the wrong route.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When the broad sweep of life brings you horror...the meaninglessness of the future is not.”可知，根据加缪的哲学，要专注于这一刻，并享受现在。由此可推知，当遇到交通堵塞时，应该专注于当下，并享受它，比如享受车里的音乐。
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．Avoiding a Sisyphean Life
B．Exploring Camus' Philosophy
C．Finding Joy in Ridiculousness
D．Accepting Happiness Consciously
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段内容可知，文章讲述了加缪的荒诞主义哲学，告诉我们在看似荒谬的生活中找到快乐的方法。由此可知，C项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2025·江苏盐城中学、南京二十九中期中联考)Born in Congo, Dieuveil grew up in Germany and began his career in some of Europe's best establishments.He opened his restaurant Meza Malonga in 2020, where dinner is not just a meal but also a tour of the African continent.Delicately plated dishes feature the Nile perch from Uganda, Algerian olive oil, and Penja pepper from Cameroon.By combining ingredients and food cultures from different countries in Africa with some modern elements, Dieuveil has created his own cuisine that represents not only the heritage and traditions of a vast and varied continent but also the latest trends.Undoubtedly, such integration has received international acclaim.
However, Dieuveil's ambitions are not just for himself.After setting up the digital platform “Chefs in Africa”， which to date has connected over 4，000 professional chefs to career opportunities and the skill development, Dieuveil created a training school to produce the next generation of cooking pioneers.He is on a mission to lay the foundations of an innovative fine-dining scene on the African continent that can compare with Europe's—but in a distinctive, African way.
When it comes to the understanding of fine-dining, different from Europe's emphasis on exclusivity and competitiveness, Dieuveil focuses more on integration.“If you want to go far, you must share with people，” he says.And his Afro-fusion cuisine has been shaped by this philosophy of sharing.To better understand the diverse traditions, dishes and ingredients of Africa, he went into villages and met with the grandmothers, as they're usually the masters of amazing, old techniques.These villagers shared their local cuisine and family recipes, teaching Dieuveil regional fermentation (发酵) and preservation processes.
To ensure the quality of fresh produce, Dieuveil sources all his vegetables from his three-hectare organic farm in northern Rwanda, where he continues his “food revolution” by establishing the connection with remote and underserved communities, and involving more students coming from countries across Africa.He said, “Africa is the garden of the world and has an amazing diversity of food.What is happening now with African cuisine and the exposure we are getting are clear indications that our food revolution is already here.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪厄韦伊的生平背景、他的烹饪事业、他的理念以及他对非洲美食文化的贡献，展现了迪厄韦伊作为一位厨师和美食文化推广者的形象。
5．What makes Dieuveil's cuisine a success
A．The fascinating mix of the old and the new.
B．The use of imported ingredients and cookers.
C．The balance of international and local flavors.
D．The fine dining environment and table setting.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“By combining ingredients...the latest trends.”可知，使迪厄韦伊的菜肴成功的因素是他将传统与现代相结合，即“新老结合”。
6．Why did Dieuveil visit the villages in Africa
A．To share his philosophy.
B．To publicize his organic food.
C．To draw inspiration for his dishes.
D．To seek excellent cooks for his restaurant.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To better understand the diverse traditions...preservation processes.”可知，他访问非洲的村庄是为了从当地文化中获取灵感，从而运用到他的菜肴中。
7．How does Dieuveil feel about the development of his food revolution
A．Amazed. B．Satisfied.
C．Pessimistic. D．Concerned.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Africa is the garden of the world...our food revolution is already here.”可推知，他对“食物革命”的发展是满意的。
8．Which of the following can best describe Dieuveil
A．Ambitious and decent.
B．Generous and responsible.
C．Talented and humorous.
D．Creative and determined.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“By combining ingredients and food cultures...international acclaim.”可知，迪厄韦伊通过将非洲不同国家的食材和饮食文化与一些现代元素融合起来，创造出了自己的菜肴，这显示了他的创造性；根据第二、第三段内容可知，他是有决心的。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
(2025·永州四中期中)假定你打算参加你校即将举办的英语作文比赛。请你根据所给要点写一篇介绍大航海时代(the Age of Exploration)的英语短文。
时间 15世纪初至18世纪
目的 开辟新的贸易路线，寻找财富，获取知识
航海线路的开辟 1.葡萄牙人在亨利王子(Prince Henry)的鼓励下开始在西非开辟新的航线；2．西班牙人试图在远东地区寻找新的贸易线路；3．法国和英国探险家也努力寻找通往未知地区的大门
影响 改变了世界，为今日的地理学奠定了科学基础
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
参考词汇：葡萄牙人(the Portuguese)
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One possible version：
The Age of Exploration lasted from the early 15th century to the 18th century.
The first journeys during this period were conducted by the Portuguese, who were encouraged by Prince Henry to sail beyond the mapped routes and discover new ones to West Africa. While the Portuguese were opening new sea routes along Africa, the Spanish dreamed of finding new trade routes to the Far East. A number of French and English explorers followed, trying to discover the entrance to many unknown places in the world.
The Age of Exploration played an important role in changing the world and laying the scientific foundation for today's geography.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was around 7 p．m. on one of the hottest days of the summer. I'd just poured myself a tall glass of lemonade when my phone rang. “Mom, you have to come，” said my 14-year-old daughter, Alliana. “I found a hurt bunny on the road.”
What a coincidence! When I was eight, I found a baby rabbit too—outside our Bronx apartment building. A rabbit is one of the least likely things you'd find in the Bronx and my sister and I marveled at our good fortune. My parents scooped the rabbit into the car and we sped off to the Zoo, proud to have found him a good home. Now Alliana had stumbled across a bunny, and I figured that rescuing rabbits was some sort of rite of passage (成人礼). Except my bunny had been healthy; Alliana's had two seriously broken hind legs.
“I'm sorry, honey, but there's not much we can do，” I said as I stood in the middle of the road redirecting traffic around the rabbit. On the sidewalk, tired and overheated neighbors heading home from the train station didn't seem eager to stop to think over rescue options.
I called my husband, Martin, who took the Darwinian view. “Tell Alliana it's the circle of life，” he said, not unkindly. “Some animals aren't meant to survive.” Still, Alliana stood firm, so I called the police, who told me to call the humane society—which gave me a number for a wildlife hotline. “Whatever you do, don't leave the bunny outside overnight—the raccoons (浣熊) will rip off his skin and eat him alive.” As the woman at the hotline said that, Alliana burst into tears.
Moments later, I flagged down a passing police car. The policeman pulled on a pair of rubber gloves as I grabbed a wastepaper basket out of a neighbor's recycling bin. He swooped up the rabbit and placed him in the basket. Then, along with my daughter, I walked down the block to our house with the tiny creature curled up in the basket.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
At home, Alliana fed him some organic carrots.
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By the second day I was still no closer to a solution.
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One possible version：
At home, Alliana fed him some organic carrots. The poor rabbit was shaking with fright in the corner of the basket. He looked at Alliana for a little while, and started to eat the carrots after making sure she wouldn't hurt him. Seeing the harmonious scene, I was moved by my daughter's kindness and perseverance. Therefore, I also began to seek ways to save his life.
By the second day I was still no closer to a solution. I felt a little frustrated at being unable to help this rabbit. I came to the basket, and the rabbit stared at me with his big and red eyes, as if he were saying, “Thank you for helping me.” The sadness spread more in my heart. Surprisingly, Alliana rushed downstairs and shouted, “Mum, the rabbit can be saved! I posted the picture online. A doctor said that he will come to our house！” Hearing that, I was so happy. From this experience I learnt that when you get into an impossible situation, don't hurry to give up and hold on a little, and maybe there will be a turn soon.INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
陌生人伸出援手，帮助为女儿庆生的母亲
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人物的面部的表情及动作是人物性格和心情及心理变化的镜子。其中，嘴部动作很重要，最常见的是“说”和“笑”。不同人物由于性格、性别、年龄、身份不同，他们说话的语气、说话时所站的立场、发出的笑声等也一定是不同的。因此，要充分结合具体的场景、人物的具体情况，使用准确、具体化的表示“说”和“笑”的动词和语块来表现人物。
1．高频动词
不同的“说”和“笑” 例　词
轻声“说” whisper低声说；耳语；窃窃私语　murmur/mutter (喃喃自语)低语mumble/grunt 咕哝
大声“说” call 呼叫　cry 叫喊　shout 呼喊　scream (因伤痛、害怕、激动等)尖叫　yell 喊叫　roar 叫喊；咆哮　exclaim 呼喊
建议“说” advise/propose/suggest/offer/recommend建议　argue认为　caution/warn警告
权威“说” announce/declare宣布　claim/state 声称　order/command 命令
“问”与“答” ask/inquire/enquire/question/challenge询问　reply/answer/respond 回答
结巴“说” stammer/stutter/stumble结结巴巴地说
其他“说” add补充说　continue继续说　explain解释道　state陈述　protest抗议道　sob哭诉；抽噎着说　agree同意说　promise承诺道　insist坚持说　repeat 重复地说；复述gasp 气喘吁吁地说　chorus 齐声说　quarrel 争论；争吵　admit 承认　complain抱怨comfort安慰说　encourage 鼓励　apologize道歉
常见“笑” smile微笑 　laugh 发笑 　ridicule/tease 嘲笑　giggle 咯咯地笑　beam 眉开眼笑　
2.高频语块
不同的“说”和“笑” 语　块 不同的“说”和“笑” 语　块
笑着 with a smile 斩钉截铁地说 say with absolute certainty
安慰的话 words of comfort 坚决地说 say with determination/resolution
充满感情/慈爱地说 speak affectionately /with affection 低声地 in a low tone/voice
用温柔的语气 in a soft/gentle/mild tone 以温柔的口吻 in a soft voice
以兴奋/生气的口吻 in an excited/angry voice 低声说 in a whisper
惊奇地说 say in surprise/ wonder 发出害怕的尖叫 let out a scream of fear
热情地说 speak enthusiastically/ with enthusiasm　 发出快乐/悲痛/如释重负的叫声 let out/utter a cry of joy/grief/relief　
灿烂的微笑 a big/broad/ wide/bright smile 笑着眨眼 smile and wink
笑脸 a smiling face 强颜欢笑 force/manage/squeeze a smile
露出灿烂的微笑 flash a bright smile 笑逐颜开 beam with smiles
突然大笑 burst out laughing/burst into laughter
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1] Being a single mother had been difficult for Kate ever since her husband passed away. Balancing a job that barely paid enough while taking care of her daughter, Holly, Kate had been a daily struggle. Money was always tight, and there were many sacrifices, but Kate was determined to make sure Holly never felt like she was missing out on love or happiness. She had been saving up for this dinner for months, wanting to give Holly a wonderful birthday.
[2] As they stepped into the restaurant, Holly's excitement was nearly impossible to contain. Her small hands flipped through the menu. Before she could make a choice, a group of waiters appeared, singing “Happy Birthday” as they carried a towering cake.Holly's eyes grew wide with wonder, her smile stretching from ear to ear. Seeing her daughter's face light up made every penny Kate had saved worth it. For a moment, Kate forgot about the financial struggles, the hard work, and the sacrifices. All that mattered was Holly's happiness.
[3]As Holly tasted her cake, her face glowing with delight, a waiter approached Kate quietly and gestured for her to step aside. “Ma'am, the cost is going to double，” the waiter said. “Double Why？” she responded, panic bubbling up in her voice. “The recipe for the cake has changed, and you will have to pay $100 now，” the waiter explained. Her throat tightened. “$100 for a cake？！ But...I can't afford it，” she whispered. “I'm sorry, ma' am. But you'll have to pay，” the waiter said.
[4] With trembling hands, Kate returned to the table, forcing a smile for Holly. When it was time to leave, Kate felt her heart pounding as she asked Holly to wait by the door. Her mind raced, trying to figure out what she could do. Her hands were trembling as she spoke. But to her surprise, the waiter responded, “The bill has already been paid by a woman.” Tears of relief sprang to Kate's eyes. “Do you know who she was？” Kate asked, her voice thick with emotion.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
The waiter pointed toward the exit.____________________________________
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As the woman walked away, Kate stood there, lost in thought.
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【When & Where】
[1]She had been saving up for this dinner for months, wanting to give Holly a wonderful birthday．
[2]As they stepped into the restaurant, Holly's excitement was nearly impossible to contain.
【Who】
Kate (a single mother), Holly (Kate's daughter), a woman
【What & Why】
[1] She had been saving up for this dinner for months, wanting to give Holly a wonderful birthday．
[3] “Ma'am, the cost is going to double，” the waiter said.
[3]“$100 for a cake？！ But... I can't afford it，” she whispered. “I'm sorry, ma'am. But you'll have to pay，” the waiter said.
[4]But to her surprise, the waiter responded, “The bill has already been paid by a woman.”
【How】
[2]Seeing her daughter's face light up made every penny Kate had saved worth it.
[3] “Double Why？” she responded, panic bubbling up in her voice.
[4] With trembling hands, Kate returned to the table, forcing a smile for Holly. When it was time to leave, Kate felt her heart pounding as she asked Holly to wait by the door.
[4]But to her surprise, the waiter responded, “The bill has already been paid by a woman.”Tears of relief sprang to Kate's eyes. “Do you know who she was？” Kate asked, her voice thick with emotion．
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Thanks to the woman's kindness and generosity, Kate was able to pay for the birthday cake, and she was determined to pass on the kindness, no matter how small it was.
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根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Kate see
[Answer] Kate saw a well-dressed woman just stepping out of the door.
[Question 2] What did Kate do
[Answer] She expressed her thanks to the woman.
[Question 3] What did the woman say and do？(和第二段段首句衔接)
[Answer] The woman explained that she was once helped by a stranger, so she wanted to pay forward the kindness.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] How did Kate feel
[Answer] She felt peaceful and secure.
[Question 2] What did Kate do then
[Answer] She went back to gather Holly and was full of hope.
[Question 3] What moral would the story express
[Answer] Kate was determined to pass on the kindness she had received.
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特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
The waiter pointed toward the exit. ____________________________________________________________________
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As the woman walked away, Kate stood there, lost in thought. ____________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
The waiter pointed toward the exit. Kate turned to see a well-dressed woman just stepping out of the door. (微情节一：凯特看到了那位帮助她的女士) Without hesitation, she hurried to catch up and called out, “Wait, please！” her voice trembling. The woman turned around, with a gentle smile that immediately put Kate at ease. Kate stepped forward, eagerly expressing her sincere gratitude. With watery eyes, Kate added, “Without your help, I couldn't have coped with such situation.” (微情节二：凯特向这位女士表达了感谢) The woman just nodded, saying it's no big deal. Once she was helped by a stranger and from then on she decided to help whenever possible as a way of paying the kindness forward. (微情节三：这位女士曾经被陌生人帮助过，所以她决定传递善意)
As the woman walked away, Kate stood there, lost in thought. For the first time in a long while, she felt a sense of peace and security. The woman's simple gesture wasn't just a meal paid for. It was a reminder that despite all difficulties, there was always someone willing to offer help. (微情节一：听了这位女士的话，凯特感受到一种平静和安心) Kate returned to gather Holly, who was still full of excitement from her birthday celebration. As they headed out, Kate's heart was no longer heavy with worry. Instead, she was full of hope. (微情节二：凯特回到女儿身边，内心充满了希望) Just like the woman, Kate made up her mind to pass on the kindness, no matter how small it was. (微情节三：凯特下定决心把善良传递下去)
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(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. [A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.]① When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals [With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.]② He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
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[话题]
人与自然——保护环境——生态设计
[内容概要]
从小就喜欢观察大自然的John Todd经过大学期间的专业学习后，找到了合适的生态组合，发明出“生态设计”，助力大自然的环境修复。
[注释]
①环境描写
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[核心单词]　convince voyage navigate
load strengthen harmonious dismiss
proof acknowledge influential insist
route financial depart shortage
panic regardless shore astonish
royal literary extensively facilitate
available prison adopt comparison
pack contrary aboard uniform
violently dive freeze meanwhile
drag bleed hatch sink
memorial pray reform output
cloth shift
[单元语法]　表语从句
[重点短语]　on behalf of, regardless of, allow for, sort out, contrary to
[重点句型]　1.the way＋定语从句
2．where引导定语从句
3．过去分词(短语)作状语
4．动词不定式(短语)作定语
[写作任务]　介绍工业革命的说明文
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[Historical figures]
scientist n. 科学家
queen n. 女王
inventor n. 发明家
tyrant n. 暴君
monarch n. 君主
statesman n. 政治家
warlord n. 军阀
modest adj. 谦虚的
persistent adj. 坚持不懈的
artist n. 艺术家
emperor n. 皇帝
explorer n. 探险家
diplomat n. 外交家
historian n. 历史学家
philosopher n. 哲学家
military leader 军事领袖
brave adj. 勇敢的
sensible adj. 明智的
[Era]
the Han Dynasty 汉朝
kingdom n. 王国
the Neolithic Age 新石器时代
the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期
the Roman Empire 罗马帝国
the Tang Dynasty 唐朝
generation n. 一代；一辈
the Middle Ages 中世纪
[Historical events]
rise to power 上台执政
the Cold War 冷战
rebellion n. 叛乱
reform n. 改革
rise and fall 兴衰，兴亡
Confucian Culture 儒家文化
originate from... 起源于……
declare war on... 对……宣战
Age of Discovery 地理大发现
World War Ⅰ 第一次世界大战
the American Civil War 美国内战
Chinese civilization 华夏文明
be known to sb. 被某人所熟知
ups and downs 兴衰，浮沉，荣辱
the long river of history 历史长河
fall of an empire/dynasty 帝国的衰落/朝代的灭亡
sign a treaty 签订条约
the Enlightenment 启蒙运动
the Industrial Revolution 工业革命
the French Revolution 法国大革命
found vt. 兴建
take over 接管
pour into 涌入
话题佳句
1.The street was named after a great man in honor of his great contributions to the city.
为了纪念这个伟人对这座城市的伟大贡献，这条街以他的名字命名。
2．Considering his great contributions to the company, he is really worthy of the position.
考虑到他对公司的巨大贡献，他确实配得上这个职位。
3．Making a positive contribution gives you a more positive perspective.
做出积极的贡献会让你拥有更加积极的心态。
4．Many Chinese like watching Touching China, which honors those whose contributions should be remembered and learned from.
许多中国人喜欢观看《感动中国》，该节目表彰那些我们应该记住和学习他们的贡献的人们。
Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
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What does the text mainly tell us
A．Zheng He and Christopher Columbus' contributions to the world.
B．Two famous explorers: Zheng He and Christopher Columbus.
C．The new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
D．The voyages of two famous explorers.
答案：D
答案：1.first voyage　2.seven voyages　3.impact
4．Personal　5.first voyage　6.significance
1.What can we learn about Zheng He's voyages from the first two paragraphs
A．All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B．Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C．Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D．It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2．What helped prove that the records of Zheng He's voyages were not legends
A．Zheng He's Navigation Map.
B．The discovery of a big shipyard in Nanjing.
C．The countries and regions that Zheng He's fleet paid visits to.
D．The fact that Zheng He's ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures.
3．Which of the following about Columbus is TRUE according to the text
A．The New World he “discovered” was India.
B．Columbus and his crewmen finally arrived at the East Indies.
C．Columbus received financial support from the King and Queen of Italy.
D．Columbus and his ships set sail from Spain and finally reached the shores of the Caribbean.
4．Which of the following characters helped Christopher Columbus get out of danger
A．Kind and determined.
B．Knowledgeable and courageous.
C．Humorous and clever.
D．Brave and modest.
答案：1～4.CBDB
1．A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.(Passage 1 Para.1)
[分析]　本句是一个复合句。with almost 28，000 people on board是with复合结构，其中on board作宾语补足语；which引导非限制性定语从句。
[翻译]　一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的海洋上航行，船上有近28 000人，这是一个壮观的景象。
2．Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.(Passage 1 Para.3)
[分析]　本句中exposing foreign people to Chinese culture与allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands为并列的动词-ing短语作结果状语。
[翻译]　郑和的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的友好关系，让外国人了解中国文化，也让中国人更好地了解海外国家。
In the summer of 1405, Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage. His ships 1.were loaded(load) with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers. Zheng He's seven voyages had a far-reaching impact 2.on China and its neighbours. Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen 3.harmonious(harmony) relations with these countries and regions. Zheng He's accomplishments are now 4.widely(wide) acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.
Christopher Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451. As a teenager, he loved sailing, and he showed great interest in geography, 5.which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman. Columbus insisted on 6.searching(search) for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. On 3 August 1492, he 7.departed(depart) from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed 8.to keep(keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and 9.bravery(brave) across the ocean. Finally, on 12 October, the crew spotted land in 10.the distance. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
1.What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful
______________________________________________________________________
2．What are the common qualities of these two explorers
______________________________________________________________________
3．Are there any negative impacts of Columbus' “discovery”？ Why
______________________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．breadth n. A．随后的，后来的
2．leak vt. B．船长，机长；上校；队长
3．subsequent adj. C．宽度；广泛
4．captain n. D．王国；管辖范围
5．kingdom n. E．漏，渗漏；泄露
答案：1～5.CEABD
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．be loaded with china 装载瓷器
2．keep logs of their voyages 记录他们的航行日志
3．dismiss the records of these voyages as legends
将这些航行记录当作传说而不予理会
4．insist on searching for a direct sea route 坚持寻找一条直达的航线
5．in panic 惊慌失措
6．the shores they had reached 他们到达的海岸
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convincing adj.有说服力的；令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；深信的，坚信不疑的
2．strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强→strength n.体力，力量；强项→strong adj.强壮的
3．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmoniously adv.和谐地→harmony n．和谐
4．proof n．证据，证明→prove v．证明，证实
5．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；致谢
6．influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n．& vt.影响
7．financial adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→financially adv.财政上→finance n．资金；财政，金融vt.提供资金
8．depart vi.& vt. 离开，起程→departure n．离开，起程
9．shortage n．不足，短缺→short adj.短的；不足的，短缺的
10．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
11．royal adj.盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的→royalty n．王室成员
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．I often deliver speeches on behalf of(代表) my school, which makes me more responsible and hard-working.
2．It was not until I settled down in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to(参观) the Great Wall.
3．Judging from their speeches, Confucianism has/had a far-reaching impact on(对……产生深远的影响) the local people.
4．Regardless of(不管) any difficulty I meet with on my way to success，I will never give up and go all out for my dream university.
5．Allowing for(考虑到) the bad weather, we should set off right now.
6．He can't take charge of(负责) the programme because it is beyond his ability.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．the way＋定语从句
We move in Time the same way that we move in the other three dimensions(与我们在其他三维空间中移动的方式相同).
2．where引导定语从句
In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot(郑和踏上的), legends have been passed on about this great explorer.(Passage 1 Para.3)
3．which引导定语从句
His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings(见证了许多重要的地理发现).(Passage 2 Para.3)
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convince　vt.使相信，使确信；说服，劝说
【经典例句】
①(教材P29)It is clear that there is only one way to convince you.
很明显，只有一种方法可以说服你。
②Her performance in the debate was so convincing that she won the admiration of the audience.
她在辩论中的表现极具说服力，赢得了观众的赞赏。
(1)convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth./that... 使某人相信某事……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be convinced of.../that... 确信……；相信……
(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的，使人信服的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)They convinced me to join(join) the school basketball team, and gradually I discovered my passion for the sport I never knew I had.
(2)Your advice is convincing(convince) and it will contribute to our good performance, so I sincerely appreciate your help.[应用文写作之感谢信]
(3)I am convinced of the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
(4)我深信我能胜任这份工作，如果有幸得到这个职位，我将尽最大努力履行我的职责。
I am greatly convinced that I am qualified for this job and I will try my best to perform my duties if I am lucky enough to get the position.][应用文写作之申请信]
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on behalf of　代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
【经典例句】
①(外研选必二U5)It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很荣幸在这里代表“融入自然协会”发表演讲。
②I want to send our sincere gratitude for your kind help with our English learning on behalf of the whole class.
我想代表全班同学对您在英语学习方面给予的帮助表示衷心的感谢。
(1)on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf 代表某人
(2)represent v. 代表；象征；表示
(3)stand for 代表；象征；支持
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)I am writing to you on his behalf to express our gratitude for your generous donation.[应用文写作之感谢信]
(2)With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
(3)我很荣幸在此代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。
→On behalf of our school, I'm honoured to be here to extend a warm welcome to you.
→Representing our school, I'm honoured to be here to extend a warm welcome to you. [应用文写作之发言稿]
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load　vt.& vi.装上，装入
n．负载；承载量；大量
【经典例句】
①(教材P30)His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions.
他的船只装载了瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他珍品，作为送给外国统治者的礼物，船队对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。
②Seeing our fruits of labor were packed and loaded onto the truck, we all felt very satisfied.
看到我们的劳动果实被包装好装上卡车，我们都很满意。
(1)load...onto/into... 把……装到……上
load...with... 用……装载……；使……负担……
be loaded with... 装满……；充满……
(2)take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
loads of＝a load of 许多，大量
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship loaded(load) with all kinds of people.
(2)I was scared at the thought of living with loads(load) of new people for three months.
(3)The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
(4)听到他们在这样的大雾天里安全抵达的消息，我如释重负。
Hearing the news that they had arrived safely in such foggy weather took a load off my mind．[读后续写之心理描写]
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strengthen　vt.& vi.加强，增强；巩固；
使坚强；变强
【经典例句】 Employee training programs are designed to strengthen leadership skills.
员工培训计划旨在提升领导能力。
strength n. 力气；力量；强项
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
build up one's strength 强身健体
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Above all, we should recognize our strengths(strength) and weaknesses.
(2)(外研必修二U6)The 1975 film Jaws strengthened(strength) people's long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
(3)为了强健我们的体魄，丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校上周日组织了一场5公里的越野跑比赛。
In order to build up our strength and enrich our campus life，our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday.[应用文写作之活动介绍]
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acknowledge　vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认
(属实)；(公开)感谢
【经典例句】
①(教材P30)Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他作为中国最有影响力的探险家之一而被世人铭记。
②(外研选必三U1)What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too!
我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且也使我们更快乐！
(1)acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge sth./that... 承认……
acknowledge sb. as.../to be... 认为某人是……(常用于被动语态)
(2)It is widely/universally/generally acknowledged that...
人们普遍认为/大家公认……
(3)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】
(1)I would like to express my heartfelt acknowledgement(acknowledge) to my parents for their unwavering (坚定的) support.
(2)Yuan Longping, acknowledged(acknowledge) as one of the greatest scientists in the world, was born in Beijing in 1930.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
(3)Since you acknowledged making/having made(make) the mistake, I would offer you another opportunity to correct it.
(4)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此大的进步。
I acknowledge my English teacher, without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.
(5)大家普遍认为这部电影不但充满激情，而且具有教育意义。
→It is widely/universally/generally acknowledged that the film is not only full of passion but also instructive.
→The film is widely/universally/generally acknowledged to be not only full of passion but also instructive.
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influential　adj.有很大影响力的，
有支配力的
【经典例句】
①(人教选必三U1)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452～1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475～1564)和拉斐尔(1483～1520)，他们在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出一些欧洲前所未有的最伟大的艺术作品。
②(2023·全国甲卷)Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.
在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹最具影响力。
influence n．& vt. 影响
have a(n)...influence on/upon... 对……有……的影响
under the influence of... 在……的影响下
influence sb. to do sth. 促使某人做某事
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)(2023·全国甲卷)During his lifetime，he wrote a great number of extraordinary poems，all of which have a great influence on/upon Chinese culture.
(2)The positive example set by my teacher influenced me to work(work) harder and pursue my dreams.
(3)在她鼓舞人心的话语影响下，团队准备好迎接任何挑战。
→Under the influence of her inspiring words, the team was ready to take on any challenge. (influence n．)
→Influenced by her inspiring words, the team was ready to take on any challenge. (influence v．)
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insist　vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
【经典例句】
①(教材P31)Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
哥伦布坚持通过横渡大西洋来寻找一条直达东印度群岛的航线。
②(外研选必三U6)Even at the risk of appearing to this fair and witty reviewer as another Mr Woodhouse, I must insist that last night's fall of snow here was an event.
尽管有被这位公正诙谐的评论家看作是另一个伍德豪斯式的人物的风险，我必须坚持认为，昨晚这里的降雪是一件大事。
(1)insist that...　 坚持认为/坚称……
(从句用陈述语气)
(2)insist that...(should)＋动词原形 坚决要求……(从句用虚拟语气)
(3)insist on/upon doing... 坚持做……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(人教选必二U3) There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is(be) fatty food.
(2)(北师大选必二U5)Comenius (夸美纽斯) insisted that when teaching, the subject matter (should) be adapted(adapt) to learners' interests.
(3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)老师直视着我的眼睛，补充说：“只有坚持写作，你才能在写作上取得很大进步。”
Looking at me straight in the eye, my teacher added, “Only if you insist on writing can you make great progress in writing．”(倒装)
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depart　vi.& vt.离开，起程
【经典例句】 The ship departed from the harbor at dawn, carrying hope and dreams.
船只黎明时分离开港口，承载着希望与梦想。
(1)depart from　　 离开……，从……起程；
背离……；违反……
depart for 动身去……
(2)departure n. 离开，起程；背离；违反
【单句语法填空】
(1)Years ago, he departed from his hometown to seek his fortune in big cities.
(2)We delayed our departure(depart) on account of the bad weather.
(3)I will depart for Shanghai tomorrow morning and stay there for three days.
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shortage　n.不足，短缺
【经典例句】 The ongoing drought has caused a severe water shortage in the region.
持续的干旱已导致该地区严重缺水。
(1)a shortage of...　 缺乏……
(2)short adj. 短的；短缺的；紧俏的
be short of... 缺乏……；短缺……
be short for... 是……的缩写
in short 总之；简言之
(3)shorten v. 缩短；变短
【单句语法填空】
(1)The UN, which is short for the United Nations, is trying to help Africa, where many people are short of food and shelters.
(2)In short, he is one of the most promising students I've ever known.
(3)Tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
(4)In spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people，a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
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panic　n.惊慌，恐慌　vi.& vt.(panicked，
panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
【经典例句】
①I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use.
我陷入了恐慌，紧紧地贴在桌子上，扭动着我的头，试图找到合适的角度，但无济于事。
②(外研必修一U1)Everyone started laughing.I looked at them in panic.
所有人都开始笑，我惊慌失措地看着他们。
(1)panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
panic over/at/about... 因……而感到惊慌
(2)in panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Fortunately，people in panic managed to escape from the burning building before it collapsed.
(2)Residents panicked over/at/about the approaching hurricane and rushed to secure their homes.[读后续写之动作描写]
(3)汤姆给我们讲的可怕的故事把我们吓得挤在一起，好像有什么看不见的东西朝我们走来似的。
The horrible story Tom told us panicked us into crowding together as if there were something invisible coming towards us.[读后续写之动作描写]
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regardless of　不管，不顾，不加理会
【经典例句】 Therefore, when asked by the neighbor, I agreed and went on spraying with chemicals without hesitation regardless of my dad's words.
因此，在邻居的要求下，我同意了，不顾爸爸的劝阻，毫不犹豫地喷洒了化学药品。
(1)regardless adv.　　　 不顾；不加理会
regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
(2)in spite of＝despite 尽管；不顾(后常接名词，不接从句)
【完成句子】
(1)她决定去度假，尽管有很多工作等着她。
She decided to go on a vacation regardless of the fact that she had a lot of work waiting for her．
(2)尽管有语言障碍，他们还是有效地进行了沟通。
In spite of/Despite the language barrier, they managed to communicate effectively.
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astonish　vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊
【经典例句】
① (教材P33)The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.
记录表明，来访者对明朝如此富有和技术上如此先进感到震惊。
②All the teachers were astonished at the astonishing progress I had made in the end-of-term examination.
所有老师都吃惊于我在期末考试中所取得的惊人进步。
(1)astonishing adj.　　　 令人惊讶的
(2)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的(指人的主观感受)
be astonished at/by sth. 因某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
(3)astonishment n. 惊讶；惊异
in/with astonishment 吃惊地
to one's astonishment＝to the astonishment of sb.
令某人惊讶的是
to one's great astonishment＝much to one's astonishment
令某人非常惊讶的是
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)She was astonished to find(find) out that her long-lost key was in her pocket.
(2)(北师大选必二U4)When he looks at the menu, an astonished(astonish) look quickly appears on his face.
(3)They looked at each other in/with astonishment when they heard the unexpected news.
(4)令我们惊讶的是，尽管面临诸多挑战，团队还是提前完成了项目。
→To our astonishment, the team managed to complete the project ahead of time despite many challenges. (astonishment)
→We were astonished that the team managed to complete the project ahead of time despite many challenges. (astonished)
→What astonished us was that the team managed to complete the project ahead of time despite many challenges. (主语从句)
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the way＋定语从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P29)We move in Time the same way that we move in the other three dimensions.
我们在时空中移动的方式与我们在其他三维空间中移动的方式相同。
②(人教选必一U2)Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect.
当然，当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。
(1)way作先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用that或which均可，作宾语时可省略；
(2)way作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，用that或in which均可，现代英语倾向于省略关系词。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He suggested settling the problem in a way that/which was peaceful.
(2)(外研必修一U6)但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造这些梯田，种植水稻。
But perhaps what is most significant is the way (that/in which) people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
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where引导定语从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P30) In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer.
在郑和踏上的国家和地区，一直流传着关于这位伟大的探险家的传说。
②(北师大选必三U8)Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north-facing windows and low rents.
格林威治村是一个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。
(1)where引导定语从句常修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中作地点状语；
(2)where引导的定语从句还可修饰抽象地点名词，如point、stage、case、situation、condition、position、environment、activity、race、 job、 scene、 system等；
(3)from where也可引导定语从句；
(4)抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语，则需用关系代词that或which。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·浙江卷1月)Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯).[读后续写之动作描写]
(2)(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
(3)这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交会的地方，也是沙漠中的一个绿岛。
On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert.
(4)他陷入一个难以分辨是非的局面。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong．
INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The group made up of three influential physicists and ten assistants has made a breakthrough in physics.
2．To our astonishment, the boss will work on the project in association with another small firm.
3．I panicked over my daughter's broken leg and sent her to hospital as quickly as possible.
4．In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage(短缺).
5．These vehicles are only rated to spend about 200 days in space, so they'll have to depart(离开) soon.
6．He is acknowledged(承认) to be one of the best players in the world.
7．(北师大选必三U9)Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.
8．My recent ambition is to engage in more activities to strengthen(增强) my body.
9．Now this former royal(皇家的) palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.
10．As a result of being late for the conference, the secretary was dismissed(解雇) from the company.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．I am here to receive this award on behalf of(代表) John, for he's not feeling well today.
2．If you have time, pay a visit to the local museum(去参观当地的博物馆).
3．At the sight of the fierce wolf, I was in (a) panic(惊慌失措), too scared to move an inch.
4．Regardless of the risk of getting infected(不顾感染的风险), Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.
5．She is one of the most famous figures, who has a great influence on/upon local politics(对当地政治有重大影响).
6．They were astonished at/by the progress (对进步感到惊讶) made by the students over just one semester.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
The exploration of ocean voyages has always been an attractive topic. 1.The way (in which/that) sailors bravely explore the vast sea(水手们勇敢探索浩瀚的大海的方式；the way＋定语从句), full of unknowns, is truly remarkable. They set off to places 2.where mysteries remain to be discovered(有待发现的神秘之地；where引导定语从句). These voyages bring back knowledge 3.which enriches our understanding of the world(丰富了我们对世界的了解；which引导定语从句). Through their efforts, we learn about new lands and cultures, opening up a whole new field of possibilities.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．Senior high school life is a challenging but rewarding journey that requires a lot of acknowledgement(acknowledge), adjustment and resilience.
2．One day a boy fell into a river by accident, his mother panicked(panic) and didn't know what to do.
3．Through joint efforts, we can strengthen(strong) the friendship between China and England.
4．With friendship, life is happy and harmonious(harmony).
5．I'm convinced that Peter isn't involved in the case unless you can show me some convincing evidence.(convince)
6．The book is known to have been regarded as one of the most influential(influence) classic adventure novels for children.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Many educators insist that fine traditional Chinese arts are of great value and (should) be taught(teach) to students.
2．He stared at the twins in/with astonishment when seeing the breakfast.
3．My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on his behalf.
4．When arranging our work, we should allow for unforeseen circumstances.
5．Seeing her hard work and dedication has influenced me to set(set) more ambitious goals for myself.
6．She has been acknowledged as the most promising female scientist in her research area.
7．Don't panic over/at/about the small things in life, and focus on what's important.
8．Companies apply various methods to convince people to buy(buy) their products.
9．(外研必修一U4)Although technology has changed the way that we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.
10．It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．老师表扬了学生们处理这个难题的方式。(the way＋定语从句)
The teacher praised the students for the way (that/in which) they handled the difficult problem．
2．人们普遍认为5G技术将在各行业中实现更智能的应用。(it作形式主语)
It's widely/universally/generally acknowledged that 5G technology will enable more intelligent applications in various industries.
3．尽管事实上海伦手头并不宽裕，但她仍尽力带给穷人食物和药物。
Regardless of the fact that Helen was on a tight budget, she tried to bring food and medicine to the poor.
4．他代表全班接受了邀请，表达了我们对这次旅行的兴奋之情。
He accepted the invitation on behalf of the whole class, expressing our excitement about the trip.
5．在一位高中生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。
(1)Under the influence of a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.(介词短语作状语)
(2)Influenced by a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.(过去分词短语作状语)
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必四U3】
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon(now Sri Lanka). Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come. China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
1．What was the main purpose of Zheng He's voyages
A．To find new lands.
B．To show military power.
C．For trade and exploration.
D．To spread Chinese culture.
2．Why did African royal families send gifts to China
A．To show their wealth.
B．To express friendship.
C．To seek protection.
D．To learn Chinese culture.
3．What can we infer from the passage
A．Columbus was the first to sail from east to west.
B．The Silk Road was only overland.
C．The Ming Dynasty withdrew from further expeditions after 1433.
D．The Belt and Road Initiative has no connection with the ancient sea routes.
4．What can we know from the passage
A．The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is less important than the ancient sea routes.
B．The ancient sea routes are no longer used today.
C．The Belt and Road Initiative will promote cooperation and trade.
D．The Ming Dynasty was the most powerful in history.
答案：1～4.CBCC
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·茂名期末)Do you love seeing beautiful lanterns outside The best time to do this is during the Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar (阴历) month. This year it is on Feb. 12, marking the end of Spring Festival celebrations.
Lanterns are a big part of the festival. One story says that the bright lanterns show respect for gods. Another says that people light lanterns to celebrate the declining (消退的) darkness of winter.
Watching lanterns is a great event. You see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine, from animals to plants and flowers. To make this activity more fun, people paste (粘贴) riddles (谜语) on the lanterns. “Ten plus ten, still is ten, ten minus ten, again is ten.” Guess what It is a pair of gloves.
In some places, people like releasing sky lanterns, which are called Kongming lanterns. A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom, where there is a small fire source. When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members and make wishes. Releasing river lights is also a way to bless for each other. Usually, the lights are in the shape of a lotus (荷花).
In old times, the Lantern Festival was also romantic. At that time, young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals. Therefore, looking at lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other. A line from Xin Qiji, a poet during the Song Dynasty, shows this：“Anxiously, I searched for her in thousands, hundreds of ways. Suddenly I turned, and there she was in the declining light.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了元宵节的庆祝形式。
1．When do people celebrate the Lantern Festival
A．On the 22nd day of the first lunar month.
B．On the 15th day of the first solar month.
C．On the 22nd day of February every year.
D．On the 15th day of the first lunar month.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The best time to do this is during the Lantern Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month.”可知，人们在阴历正月十五庆祝元宵节。
2．What can we know about the Lantern Festival according to the passage
A．People paste riddles to show off their knowledge.
B．Young girls were not allowed to go out on the day.
C．People light lanterns to drive animals away.
D．People make wishes when releasing lights.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When the bright lights fly high in the sky, people bless family members and make wishes.”可知，人们放灯时会许愿。
3．How do you feel about the line from Xin Qiji
A．Sad. B．Scared.
C．Romantic. D．Anxious.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，辛弃疾的词是很浪漫的。
4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．The Origin of the Lantern Festival
B．River Lights on the Lantern Festival
C．Celebrations of the Lantern Festival
D．A Day to Guess Lantern Riddles
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三、第四和第五段内容可知，文章介绍了元宵节的庆祝形式。C项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2025·广东部分学校期末)Like many fans, Jerad Castillo has a box full of tickets from the games and concerts he's attended. There are some great memories—like a ticket for the U. S. Open Golf Tournament in 2019. And painful ones—like one from when his beloved Texas Rangers lost in Game 5 of the World Series in 2010.
But Castillo hasn't added to his collection for a while. Tickets are digital now, but the 40-year-old Fort Worth resident still misses his treasured stubs (票根). “You have your digital ticket, but as soon as you enter the event and that day goes, you have nothing to look back on that, you know？” he says.
But there's good news for fans like Castillo. Some sports teams and concert promoters are starting to sell physical tickets again. Not the ones from the past, with the bar codes and the tear-off stubs. These are much higher quality, usually with a nice photo or art design. Typically, they are issued to mark a big game or moment.
They are becoming a bit of a hit, according to Weldon, Williams & Lick (WW&L), a printing company that is working to produce the tickets. “There's still always that connection to an actual ticket，” says Evan Gitomer, the company's chief revenue officer. “It reminds you, and it takes you back, just like the sense of smell.”
WW&L has been producing tickets for over a century. Today, they've found a niche(商机) producing paper souvenir tickets for big events. These tickets usually sell for $15 to $20. They're not included in the game's actual admission price, so some fans resent having to pay more money later for a ticket to a game or event they already attended. But they are selling and the company's income has more than doubled in the last couple of years.
“There's probably some type of limit to where this can actually get to，” Gitomer says. But he adds that every time he thinks that, he bumps into a fan who appreciates the chance to own a physical reminder of a game or a concert from a favorite artist.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章表明随着数字票务的普及，许多粉丝怀念实体票根。如今，一些体育赛事和音乐会开始重新推出高质量的实体纪念票，这些票不仅具有收藏价值，还唤起了人们对过去美好回忆的情感连接。
5．What differs the new physical tickets from the previous ones
A．They are made of plastic.
B．They are sweet to smell.
C．They have photos on them.
D．They can be obtained online.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These are much higher quality, usually with a nice photo or art design.”可知，新的实体票与过去的票不同，它们通常带有精美的照片或艺术设计。
6．What does the underlined word “resent” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Admit. B．Hate.
C．Consider. D．Suggest.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，这些纪念票并不包含在实际的入场票价中，由此可知，对于额外收费这种事情，一些粉丝会感到反感或讨厌。因此，“resent”在这里的意思是“反感”或“讨厌”。　
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Some fans like souvenir tickets.
B．Gitomer has some fans of his own.
C．There is a limit to buying paper tickets.
D．Not all have the chance to get souvenir tickets.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But he adds that every time he thinks that...from a favorite artist.”可推知，许多粉丝喜欢纪念票。
8．What can be a suitable title for the passage
A．Many People Miss Paper Tickets
B．Why Are Paper Tickets Disappearing
C．Digital Tickets Are Being Resisted
D．Who Are Fond of Physical Tickets
A　解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“Tickets are digital now, but the 40-year-old Fort Worth resident still misses his treasured stubs.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了随着数字票务的普及，许多粉丝还是在怀念实体票根。因此，A项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
Sharing your family's history with your children is a powerful way to shape their identity, build connections and boost self-esteem (自尊). 1.___________________
Family interviews, in particular, help children hear stories firsthand, making the past feel real. 2.___________________ Through such stories, children connect to their ancestors (祖先), learning not just the traditions but also why they matter. This deepens their appreciation and helps preserve family culture.
Beyond passing down information, family interviews also promote relationships. 3.___________________ Each member shares a meaningful memory can strengthen relationships and mutual understanding.
4．___________________ Sharing how an ancestor stood up for their beliefs or helped their community provides children with examples of family values, such as courage and perseverance. They might have a better understanding of these qualities and how to apply them in their lives.
Recording these interviews ensures the stories are preserved for future generations. The process also teaches essential skills, like listening and curiosity, while giving children ownership over their family's history. Letting children take the lead in asking questions makes the experience exciting and may inspire them to start their own traditions. 5.___________________
A．Family stories are often full of life lessons.
B．Family stories ensure children's future success.
C．It can ensure that the family story continues to evolve for years to come.
D．One story every night before they go to bed helps kids develop healthily.
E．A grandparent's story of overcoming hardship can have a deep impact.
F．When children interview grandparents, they create lasting emotional ties.
G．Instead of just telling stories, engaging children in family interviews counts.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与孩子分享家族历史的重要性。
1．G　解析：上文提到与孩子分享家族历史很重要，下文提到家庭访谈的好处，G项承上启下，说明分享家族历史的方式是让孩子参与家庭访谈，符合语境。
2．E　解析：根据上下文内容可知，此段强调家庭访谈能让孩子听到故事，与祖先建立联系。E项举例说明祖父母的故事对孩子的影响，符合语境。
3．F　解析：根据上文“Beyond passing down information, family interviews also promote relationships.”可知，该段说家庭访谈能促进关系。F项具体阐述了孩子采访祖父母能建立情感联系，符合语境。
4．A　解析：下文提到祖先的故事是给孩子提供家庭价值观的例子，能让孩子更好理解和应用这些品质。A项引出下文家族故事对孩子价值观的影响，符合语境。
5．C　解析：上文说记录家庭访谈能为后代保留故事，让孩子参与其中还能激发他们创造自己的传统。C项进一步说明记录访谈对家族故事传承和发展的意义，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·洛阳期末)I showed up as a member of the genetic (基因学的) group and met the geneticist, Lindon Eaves. He didn't have 1 appearance. However, he impressed me with his great passion for research work and unique way of viewing 2 ．
One day, we discussed some complex aspects of 3 analysis. Eaves pulled his hands up, almost shouting, “Sometimes you can't confirm the best hypothesis (假设) 4 ， and then you just have to 5 it out！” He said so excitedly—with great 6 and a thick accent—that I've never forgotten his words.
I'd 7 science was a reasonable, clear process, but Eaves taught me science was messy. You could 8 some facts, but it was difficult to understand what they really meant. So Eaves told us to 9 one theory after another until we got a model that could explain the facts best. Eaves meant using intuition (直觉) and imagination—giving up our logic and getting 10 ．
Eaves never 11 any popular idea just because it was popular. He claimed that a scientist has to be a contrarian (叛逆者). It was because the truth isn't necessarily the majority 12 ．
After the course, I took great pleasure in doing scientific research. Eaves 13 me that scientific research is important, exciting, and worthwhile. I gave Mr. Eaves 14 for his instruction and enlightenment. As Henry Adams once wrote in his book, “A teacher 15 forever; he can never tell where his influence ends.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者见到了遗传学家林登·伊夫斯，伊夫斯对科学的见解启发和教育了作者，对作者影响深远的故事。
1．A．odd B．attractive
C．common D．comfortable
B　解析：根据下文“However, he impressed me with his great passion for research work”中However表示转折可推知，此处指伊夫斯没有吸引人的(attractive)外表，但是对研究工作的极大热情给作者留下了深刻印象。
2．A．science B．technology
C．security D．medicine
A　解析：根据下文“Eaves taught me science was messy”可知，此处指对科学(science)的独特看法。
3．A．profession B．market
C．data D．society
C　解析：根据上文“I showed up as a member of the genetic group and met the geneticist, Lindon Eaves.”并结合常识可知，作者从事基因科学的研究，此处指的应是数据(data)分析。
4．A．solely B．relevantly
C．essentially D．logically
D　解析：根据上文“you can't confirm the best hypothesis”以及上文提到作者在基因组并结合常识可知，此处指从逻辑上(logically)证实最好的假设。
5．A．stick B．take
C．give D．put
A　解析：根据下文“Eaves meant using intuition and imagination”可知，要使用直觉和想象，说明有时候你无法从逻辑上证实最好的假设，那你就必须坚持到底。stick out意为“坚持到底”。
6．A．intelligence B．anger
C．enthusiasm D．effort
C　解析：根据上文“He said so excitedly”可知，他带着极大的热情(enthusiasm)和浓重的口音说着。
7．A．planned B．wondered
C．questioned D．thought
D　解析：根据下文“science was a reasonable, clear process, but Eaves taught me science was messy”可知，作者原以为(think)科学是一个合理、清晰的过程。
8．A．collect B．employ
C．predict D．doubt
A　解析：根据下文“some facts, but it was difficult to understand what they really meant”可知，此处指收集(collect)一些事实。
9．A．make B．try
C．support D．announce
B　解析：根据下文“one theory after another until we got a model that could explain the facts best”可知，要得到一个最好的模型需要一个理论接着一个理论去尝试(try)。
10．A．unique B．creative
C．independent D．conscious
B　解析：根据上文“Eaves meant using intuition and imagination—giving up our logic”并结合语境可知，此处指变得有创造力(creative)。
11．A．hunted for B．heard of
C．longed for D．took in
D　解析：根据下文“any popular idea just because it was popular”并结合语境可知，此处指伊夫斯从不因为流行而接受(take in)任何流行的想法。
12．A．trend B．prospect
C．option D．method
C　解析：根据上文“He claimed that a scientist has to be a contrarian.”可知，他声称科学家必须是一个逆势而为的人，因为真相不一定是大多数人的选择(option)。
13．A．guaranteed B．convinced
C．warned D．persuaded
B　解析：根据下文“scientific research is important, exciting, and worthwhile”可知，此处指伊夫斯说服(convince)了作者科学研究是重要的、令人兴奋的、有价值的。
14．A．credit B．relief
C．concern D．advice
A　解析： 根据下文“his instruction and enlightenment”可知，伊夫斯先生启蒙和教诲了作者，作者赞赏对方。give sb. credit为固定短语，意为“给某人以赞扬或认可”。
15．A．determines B．affects
C．devotes D．explores
B　解析：根据下文“he can never tell where his influence ends”可知，老师永远不知道自己的影响力在哪里结束，即老师影响(affect)深远。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
2．(2024·浙江卷1月)The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
3．(人教必修三U4)While such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
4．In my opinion, the dangers are greater than the benefits.That is why I oppose the plan to build a factory near my community.
5．The most important thing is how we can get through the difficult times although the challenges seem overwhelming.
6．Obeying the traffic rules is what all of us should pay attention to because it not only ensures our own safety but also ensures the safety of others on the road.
7．The best moment for him in the Olympic Winter Games was when he won a gold medal for his country.
8．The question discussed at the meeting was whether it was worth trying a new approach to solving the problem.
9．What concerns parents most is which activity benefits the children most.
10．The problem is who is really fit for the hard and challenging job in our office.
11．(北师大选必二U6)Readers of the book use their imaginations to visualise characters and have very definite ideas about how characters should look and sound.This is where I think many film adaptations fall down.
12．(人教必修三U1)I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
13．(人教选必一U5)Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health.
14．(人教选必二U3)The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.”
15．You say watching TV or surfing the Internet at home is wonderful.That's where I don't agree.I think you'd better go out for a walk.
16．One of the reasons why he has been promoted is that he knows well how to get along with others in the company.
17．What scientists want to figure out is whether constant exposure to animals can help people effectively reduce their stress.
18．As is well known to all，the Spring Festival is when the family are reunited and celebrate the new year in China.
19．The problem we need to solve now is how we can get enough funds to finish the project on time.
20．The problem is who can be sent there to investigate the situation and provide a detailed report.
维度二　语法与写作
1．问题在于，由于资源有限且期限紧迫，我们要如何才能提前完成这项艰巨的任务。
The question is how we can finish the tough task in advance because of the limited resources and tight deadline.
2．随着城市中汽车数量的快速增加，一个主要问题是汽车可以停在哪里。
With the number of cars increasing rapidly in cities, a major problem is where the cars can be parked．
3．坚持不懈是一种品质，这是做好任何事情都需要的。
Perseverance is a kind of quality and this is what it takes to do anything well．
4．如果你经常感到疲劳且无法集中注意力，那就是你必须停止辛苦工作并去休息一下的时候了。
If you often feel tired and can't focus on your attention, that is when you have to stop working too hard and take a rest．
5．最重要的事情是我们必须从我们的错误中吸取教训，然后继续前进。
The most important thing is that we must learn from our mistakes and move on.
6．由于准备不足，他担心的是自己是否能通过即将到来的这场难度很大的考试。
Due to his lack of preparation, he is concerned about whether he can pass the upcoming difficult exam.
7．既惊讶又尴尬，她感觉所有的空气都要消失了。
Amazed and embarrassed, she feels as if all the air were to disappear．
8．萨姆比以往任何时候都更有信心，知道如果没有父母的支持，他就不会有今天的成就。
Sam felt more confident than ever and knew that he wouldn't be where he was without his parents' support.
维度三　语篇练习
Why do many people like drinking water from plastic bottles Some people think that's 1.because it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it's convenient—you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, summer is often 2.when people buy bottles of cold water.
However, the truth is 3.that using lots of plastic bottles is not a good idea. First of all, oil is 4.what we need to make plastic products. If we reduce the number of bottles we use, we wouldn't need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment, which is 5.where we human beings live and work. If we reuse all our plastic bottles, we wouldn't need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in some countries, people don't reuse much of plastic. They reuse only a small amount. The rest becomes rubbish on land or in rivers and seas. These are 6.why we shouldn't use so many plastic bottles.
So next time you want to throw a plastic bottle into a litter bin, stop and think. Reusing it will be 7.how you will help the environment. Go green! The point of going green is 8.that you can make a difference to the world.
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Although I have been unconsciously collecting stories about my family ever since I was born, it was only this summer that I decided to start reaching out for more stories. In a family wedding, seeing so many extended family members and putting faces to stories, I found myself grasping at each piece of information while listening. I wanted to find stories I hadn't been told before to piece together frequently repeated ones.
But recording stories is not an organized process, especially since these stories can come out of nowhere. Family stories are everywhere, yet there are still so many gaps. How can you create a timeline when you are given only flashing images of unfamiliar classrooms, the woods, and far-off adventures Later, I realize that family stories are not linear (线性的). Rather, they are a collection of memories and moments that I am building upon to form a better idea of who I am and where I come from.
Whenever I speak to my grandparents about their pasts—stories of hardship, tolerance, and success—I am always amazed at the qualities and spirits they exhibited. Some are personal details, which not only give me insight into what life was like back then, but further expose me to the different cultures where I have grown up. Then, there are historical pieces such as my grandmother's memorable 13th birthday when she learned about the outbreak of World War Ⅱ on the radio. They are unique to my family but shaped by the broader historical context.
There is no end date for this project, and at some point I will contribute my own. Mine—gathered from paper notes, face-time calls and letters—grow longer with each addition. Documenting stories is honoring family traditions, preserving world history, and paying respect to those who shaped you. For me, the collection has developed my awareness of my identity and the world around me. It is my responsibility to ensure that my family stories are not lost to time.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者收集家族故事的经历。
1．What did the author do after attending the wedding
A．He collected stories actively.
B．He waited for stories to appear.
C．He put faces to stories he heard.
D．He reached out for stories told before.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a family wedding...each piece of information while listening.” 可知，参加婚礼后作者决定开始主动收集更多故事，听故事时不放过任何信息，因此是积极收集故事。
2．What makes recording family stories challenging
A．They have few gaps.
B．They come in time order.
C．They appear unexpectedly.
D．They include life images.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But recording stories...can come out of nowhere.”可知，故事出现得毫无预兆，这使得记录故事很有挑战性。
3．What does the author think of his grandparents' stories
A．They are centered on hardships.
B．They are purely personal details.
C．They leave him deeply sorrowful.
D．They help him understand the past.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some are personal details...where I have grown up.” 可知，这些故事帮助作者了解过去。
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The process of finding stories.
B．The necessity of adding stories.
C．The method of collecting stories.
D．The significance of recording stories.
D　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“Documenting stories is honoring family traditions...the world around me.”可知，此段主要讲记录故事的意义。
B
(2025·彬州期末)New psychology research points to the factors that explain why we find particular poems aesthetically pleasing. “While it may seem obvious that individual taste matters in judgments of poetry, we found certain factors consistently influence how much a poem will be enjoyed.”
Aesthetics (美学), the basis of what we find appealing or not, plays an important role in our everyday lives. However, little is known about how we make these judgments. The researchers sought to answer an age-old question—“Why do we like what we like？”—by measuring what we find aesthetically pleasing in poetry.
To do this, the team had more than 400 participants read and rate poems of two genres—haiku and sonnet—with the aim of understanding the factors that best predicted the aesthetic appeal of the poems. After reading each poem, participants answered questions about the poem's vividness (“How vivid is the imagery evoked from this poem？”), emotional arousal (“How relaxing or stimulating is this poem？”), emotional valence (“How positive or negative is the content of this poem？”), and aesthetic appeal (“How enjoyable or aesthetically appealing did you find this poem？”).
Their results showed that vividness of mental imagery was the best predictor of aesthetic appeal—poems that evoked greater imagery were more pleasing. Emotional valence also predicted aesthetic appeal, though to a lesser extent; specifically, poems that were found to be more positive were generally found to be more appealing. By contrast, emotional arousal did not have a clear relationship to aesthetic appeal.
“The vividness of a poem consistently predicted its aesthetic appeal，” notes Starr, author of Feeling Beauty: The Neuroscience of Aesthetic Experience. “Therefore, it seems that vividness of mental imagery may be a key factor influencing what we like more broadly.” “While limited to poetry，” she adds, “our work sheds light into which facts most influence our aesthetic judgments and paves the way for future research investigating how we make such judgments in other fields.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的心理学研究指出了为什么我们觉得某些诗歌具有美学吸引力。
5．What did the researchers ask the participants to do
A．Evaluate poems of haiku and sonnet.
B．Write the aesthetic appeal of poems.
C．Explain factors of emotional valence.
D．Ask questions about the poem's vividness.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To do this, the team had more than 400 participants read...the aesthetic appeal of the poems.”可知，研究人员要求参与者评价俳句和十四行诗。
6．Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4
A．Poems with more negative content are more appealing.
B．Emotional arousal is negatively related to aesthetic appeal.
C．Emotional valence is the most important predictor of aesthetic appeal.
D．Vividness of mental imagery has the strongest connection with aesthetic appeal.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Their results showed that ... evoked greater imagery were more pleasing.”可知，心理意象的生动性与美学吸引力有着最强的联系。
7．What can be inferred from Starr's words
A．The research will help explore aesthetic judgments in other fields.
B．The finding of vividness being a key factor is only applicable to poetry.
C．Emotional valence should be further studied in the context of other art forms.
D．The research has little value for understanding aesthetic judgments in other areas.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘While limited to poetry，’ she adds, ‘our work...in other fields.’”可推知，这项研究将有助于探索其他领域的美学判断。
8．What is the main purpose of this passage
A．To introduce different types of poems.
B．To discuss the importance of aesthetics.
C．To show the findings of aesthetic appeal.
D．To persuade people to admire the poems.
C　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“New psychology research points to the factors that...aesthetically pleasing.”可知，文章的主要目的是展示关于美学吸引力的研究发现。
C
(2025·山东省实验中学高二月考)Isadora Duncan is considered by many to be the progenitor of modern dance. To Duncan, classical ballet, with its strict rules of posture and formation, was “ugly and against nature”. She refused to accept traditional ballet steps, preferring to emphasize improvisation(即兴创作), emotion, and the human form. She said，“I spent long days and nights in the studio seeking that dance which might be the expression of the human spirit through the body's movements.”
By making connections between human emotion and the movements of dance, Duncan hoped to make dance a form of high art rather than simple entertainment. She developed free and natural movements inspired by the classical Greek arts, folk dances, social dances and natural forces. She drew on a number of sports moves, including skipping, running, jumping, leaping, and tossing. The athleticism and classical roots of her style are reflected in her innovative costume choice of a Grecian tunic (束腰外衣) and bare feet, which allowed for a physical freedom that could not be achieved in the traditional ballet costumes and pointed shoes that limited dancers. With time, she gained a very wide following and set up several schools in Europe and the United States.
Duncan's fame, however, did not bring her wealth. In the later years of her life, her financial situation worsened, and finally she had to live in apartments rented by friends and supporters. Duncan also received criticism for some of her personal opinions.
In spite of the problems, Duncan is remembered today for her artistic achievements: the creation of modern dance and its high place among the arts. While Duncan's own schools no longer exist, her style of dance continues to be practiced. Her life inspired novels, ballets, and films, and her likeness was included in the sculpture created by Antoine Bourdelle over the entrance of the Thé tre des Champs- lysées.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伊莎多拉·邓肯对现代舞的影响的故事。
9．What does the underlined word “progenitor” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Sponsor. B．Originator.
C．Instructor. D．Competitor.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“In spite of the problems...its high place among the arts.”及画线词后的of modern dance可推知，邓肯是现代舞的创始人。progenitor意为“创始人”，与originator 意思相近。
10．What can we learn about Duncan's costume choice
A．It allowed dancers to move naturally and freely.
B．It included newly designed pointed shoes.
C．It was white and extremely simple.
D．It was introduced from Greece.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The athleticism and classical roots of her style...pointed shoes that limited dancers.”可推知，她的服装选择允许舞者能够自然顺畅地表演动作。
11．What is the main purpose of the third paragraph
A．To characterize Duncan as a dishonorable person.
B．To explore the connection between art and wealth.
C．To prove Duncan was adored by friends and relatives.
D．To show Duncan lived a hard life in her declining years.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Duncan's fame, however, did not bring her wealth.”和“Duncan also received criticism for some of her personal opinions.”可知，本段主要是为了表示邓肯晚年生活不易。
12．What is Duncan mainly famous for
A．Her inspiration for artists.
B．The invention of a new-form dance.
C．Her special personal views.
D．The foundation of many dance schools.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In spite of the problems...its high place among the arts.”可推知，邓肯主要因其创立了一种新型舞蹈而著名。
Ⅱ.七选五
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient system of health and wellness that's been used in China for thousands of years.It has saved millions of lives around China's vast territory by providing vital information on diagnosis (诊断), treating common medical problems and diseases, and emphasizing prevention.If you do not have previous experience with Chinese culture or medicine, be prepared for a cultural experience. 1.___________________．
Several thousand years ago, The Medical Classic of the Yellow Emperor put forward the principle that one should develop yang energy in spring and summer, 2.___________________. And in China's long history, the principle has proven of great value for good health and longevity of life.
According to TCM theory, yang energy is the power for inner organs. 3.___________________. “Summer treatment” takes advantage of abundant yang energy in nature during summer, when yang energy is outward and upward.It is the right time to supplement (补充) yang energy by internal or external traditional Chinese medicine methods.This helps to adjust to the balance of yin and yang in the body, resulting in a more effective outcome.
4．___________________. Therefore, it is the best time for the human body to supplement essence and store vital substances throughout the whole year.TCM holds that Gao Fang, the cream formula, is the best choice for tonification (滋补) in winter.By adjusting qi, blood, yin and yang of the body, it can achieve the effects of treatment, regulation, and nourishment.
“Sprouting in spring, growing in summer, harvesting in autumn and storing in winter” is the law of development in the nature. 5.___________________. It needs to be in agreement with timing and the seasons.With such direction, ancient Chinese people handed down to later generations medical texts for an orderly-arranged daily life.
A．while protecting yin energy in autumn and winter　
B．It's necessary to the function of various body parts
C．The same is true for the way of health preservation　
D．when the body engages in active digestive processes　
E．It will relieve your medical condition and enrich your life
F．Winter is the season for storage of everything, including energy
G．Summer is a good season to build up your bodies through exercise
【解题导语】　本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了中医指导下的养生之道。
1．E　解析：根据上文可知，中医是一种古老的保健体系，它能够诊断、治疗常见医疗问题和疾病，并强调预防，挽救生命。E项承接上文，符合语境。选项中的It指代上文中的中医。
2．A　解析：根据上文可知，几千年前，《黄帝内经》就提出了春夏两季要养阳的原则。A项衔接上文，符合语境。其中选项中的yin energy对应上文中的yang energy，autumn and winter对应上文中的spring and summer。
3．B　解析：上文介绍了阳气对内脏的重要性。B项承接上文，继续讲述阳气的功能，符合语境。其中选项中的It指代上文中的yang energy。
4．F　解析：根据下文可知，本段在讲述冬季滋补的问题。F项引出下文，符合语境。
5．C　解析：根据上下文内容可知，养生也应该顺应自然界的发展规律，与时间和季节保持一致。C项承上启下，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Carpets are an important part of life in Xinjiang, a region with a carpet-weaving (织) tradition that dates back over 2，000 years. These handmade wool carpets are more than decorations; they carry cultural significance and 1.___________________ (vivid) share stories through their delicate patterns and designs.
In Xinjiang, carpets are more than household 2.___________________(item), and they preserve memories and bring people together. Families often gather on carpets to enjoy meals and chats. Cleaning carpets can become 3.___________________ shared activity, with children helping to remove dust and creating cherished memories.
Artists 4.___________________(transform) traditional Xinjiang carpets with innovative designs in the last few years. A project in Hotan, a region known 5.___________________ its skilled carpet weavers, brings together modern artists and traditional craftsmanship. These team efforts aim 6.___________________(update) the image of Hotan carpets, making them modern and artistic while preserving their heritage.
The process starts with artists creating drawings, 7.___________________ are then woven into carpets by local weavers. Some designs 8.___________________ (display) not only maintain traditional elements but add new elements to create a fresh story. The project highlights the dedication of the weavers, whose careful work brings each design to life. These carpets combine the 9.________________(creative) of modern art with the long-standing skills of Xinjiang's weavers, 10.________________ (show) the beauty and variety of this ancient craft.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新疆地毯的文化意义和现代创新。
1．vividly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词share，应用副词形式vividly，表示“生动地”。
2．items　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，所以可数名词item应用复数形式。
3．a　解析：考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一项共同的活动”，应用不定冠词，且shared的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
4．have transformed/have been transforming　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，根据“in the last few years”可知，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语Artists为复数，助动词应用have。
5．for　解析：考查介词。be known for意为“因……而闻名”，为固定搭配。
6．to update　解析：考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”，是固定用法。
7．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词drawings，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。
8．displayed　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，作designs的后置定语，display和designs之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用display的过去分词形式。
9．creativity　解析：考查名词。空处作combine的宾语，应用creative的名词形式creativity，意为“创造力”，是不可数名词。
10．showing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，show和These carpets之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用show的现在分词形式。Period 4　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
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What's the main idea of the text
A．The war between Japan and the USA．
B．The attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.
C．Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
D．The serious results of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
答案：B
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答案：1.normal　2.Japanese　3.bomb　4.burns　5.minor　6.lifeboat　7.were killed　8.the Second World War
1.What can we infer from the text
A．Nobody at that time had expected the attack.
B．Before the attack, Japan declared war on the USA．
C．The USA declared war on Japan before the attack.
D．There were some warnings before the attack.
2．What can we know about Russell and Louis from the text
A．Russell lost his hands, arms and legs in the attack.
B．Russell was seriously burned in the attack.
C．Louis's family were sad to hear that he was killed.
D．Louis was proud of his remarkable actions.
3．Which of the following words can best describe Louis
A．Kind and skilled.
B．Helpful and clever.
C．Brave and clever.
D．Brave and modest.
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to paragraph 5
A．Many American ships and airplanes were destroyed in the attack.
B．More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona were killed.
C．2，000 Americans were killed and 1，000 others were wounded in the attack.
D．Both Russell and his brother survived the attack.
答案：1～4.ABDC
It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. As usual, the wake-up call 1.came(come) at 5：45 a．m. It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship.
Suddenly, the ship shook violently and the men looked at each other in horror. The scream of Japanese planes' engines was deafening. Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to 2.himself(he) and rushed up to the deck. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell 3.was thrown(throw) more than 100 meters across the ship. Louis was lucky not to be thrown into the sea. With only minor injuries, he was able to help others 4.who were severely burnt and in terrible pain. After 5.receiving(receive) the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat. Russell was saved from the water, but he was badly burnt, bleeding 6.heavily(heavy). Fortunately, he was taken to hospital and survived. For many years, Russell refused 7.to talk(talk) about what happened that morning, describing it simply as “hell”. Louis and Russell would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, 8.but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona. 9.In total, more than 2，000 American people were killed and over 1，000 others were wounded that day. More than 1，000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives. Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the 10.darkest(dark) episodes in American history, will never be forgotten.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．washroom n. A．海军，海军部队
2．chaos n. B．一段经历，片段；一集
3．navy n. C．混乱，杂乱
4．episode n. D．洗手间，厕所
答案：1～4.DCAB
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．all the available resources 所有可用的资源
2．the men aboard the warship 战舰上的士兵
3．dress in their uniforms 穿上他们的制服
4．circle like eagles 像鹰一样盘旋
5．thunder all around (炸弹)爆炸声四起
6．Louis, meanwhile, also standing on the deck与此同时，路易斯也站在甲板上
7．drag them into the lifeboat 把他们拖上救生艇
8．Japan had hatched a plot 日本策划了一场阴谋
9．the USS Arizona lies where it sank 美国“亚利桑那号”
战列舰还在当年沉没的地方
10．pray for world peace 祈祷世界和平
11．machine designs were reformed 改革机器设计
12．the textile output increased 增加纺织品产量
13．cloth could be made in factories 布可以在工厂里制造
14．the shift from the cottage industry to the factory system
从家庭手工业到工厂生产制的转变
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n．暴力；暴行
2．dive vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水 n．冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水→diver n．潜水员
3．freeze vi.& vt.突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→frozen adj.结冰的→freezer n．冷冻柜；冰柜
4．memorial n．纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的→memory n．记忆力；回忆；记忆→memorize v．记住，熟记
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Leaving children to sort out(解决) their own problems can sometimes be good to their development.
2．When the man came to himself(苏醒) again, he found himself lying in bed.
3．After settling in Beijing, Chris got in touch with(和……取得联系) all his friends living there.
4．There are some health problems that, when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on(以后).
5．Many countries have now declared war on(向……宣战) climate change.
6．In total(总共) over 100 people attended the meeting held in our school hall.
7．In response to(作为对……的回应) the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
8．At the bottom of(在……末尾) the bed was the stocking, now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets.
9．He is such a great man that all of us show respect for(尊敬) him.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．过去分词(短语)作状语
Packed with vivid descriptions and fun facts(充满了生动的描述和有趣的事实), this type of history book is highly readable and true to life.
2．动词不定式(短语)作定语
Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack(在袭击中幸存).(Para.5)
3．where引导地点状语从句
Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank(在它沉没的地方): in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.(Para.7)
4．although引导让步状语从句
Although about eight decades has passed(虽然已经过去了80年左右), the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never be forgotten.(Para.7)
[分析]　此句中还含有one of the darkest episodes in American history是the attack on Pearl Harbor的同位语。
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sort out　理顺，整理；分类；拣出；把……
安排好；解决(问题)
【经典例句】
①(教材P34)However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.　然而，他的工作被证明是困难的，因为整理所有可用的资源和核查史料的事实需要付出艰苦的努力。
②It took us quite a while to sort out all the materials.
我们花了很长时间才把所有的材料整理分类。
(1)a sort of... 近似于……，有点像是……
sort of 有几分地；到某种程度；稍稍
of this/that sort 这/那种
(2)sort...into... 把……分成……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted into plastics, glass and paper.
(2)In the past, some people thought experiments of this sort would not be harmless.
(3)他第一次在公众面前演讲时，感到有点紧张。
The first time he spoke in public, he felt sort of nervous．
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available　adj.可获得的；可购得的；可利
用的；(人)有空的；可找到的
【经典例句】
①(人教选必一U2)Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.　许多这样的新发明已经可以使用，并在一些家庭中使用。
②Refreshments will be available all day.
全天都会供应点心和饮料。
(1)be available
(2)unavailable adj.　 不可获得的，不可使用的
【单句语法填空/同义替换】
(1)Detailed information about our product is available in this brochure.
(2)The pond full of various kinds of fish will be available to visitors tomorrow morning.
(3)Funds are available to assist(assist) teachers who want to attend the conference.
(4)You have access to several tools to help with your testing.
→Several tools are available to help with your testing.
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aboard　prep. & adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)
【经典例句】
①(人教选必三U4)But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
但我对与他们一同去充满了热情，于是我偷偷地登上了他的船——“坚忍号”，藏在了一个小橱柜里。
②(北师大选必三U8)We were aboard the machine now, and I shook with cold in the darkness.
我们现在在机器上，我在黑暗中冻得浑身发抖。
(1)go aboard 上(船、飞机、火车等)
(2)board vt.& vi. 上(船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等)
n. 木板；董事会；伙食
on board 在(船、飞机或火车)上
(3)broad adj. 宽阔的；广阔的
(4)abroad adv. 在/到国外；在/到海外
go abroad 出国
【补全句子/完成句子】
(1)Learning that you will go abroad for further study(去国外深造), I'm writing to inform you of some necessary do's and don'ts.
(2)He was tall with broad shoulders(有宽阔的肩膀) and a beard and always wore a broad smile(笑容满面)．[应用文写作之外貌描写]
(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西、说话、大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。
The instant the young couple go aboard the ship/board the ship, they are eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.[读后续写之动作描写]
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uniform　n.制服；队服
adj.一致的，统一的
【经典例句】
①(教材P39)The men went to the washroom, dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.
男人们走进洗手间，穿上他们的制服，坐下来吃早饭。
②First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so cool.
首先，我想成为一名消防员，其制服看起来很酷。
(1)in uniform 穿着制服；服兵役
out of uniform 穿便服
(2)be uniform in 在……方面整齐/一致
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)We must always express our profound gratitude for the service of our men and women in uniform.
(2)Seen from a distance, the trees growing on the hillside are uniform in height.
(3)事故发生时，他穿着便服。
He was out of uniform when the accident happened.
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freeze　vi.& vt.(froze, frozen)突然停止，
呆住；结冰；冻僵
【经典例句】
①(教材P39)Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck.　拉塞尔感到自己的血液冻结了，但他很快清醒过来，冲到甲板上。
②Even though it was freezing cold, she insisted on going for a walk in the park.
即使天气冷得要命，她还是坚持去公园散步。
(1)freeze with 因……而呆住
freeze to death/be frozen to death 冻死
freeze on the spot 当场愣住
(2) freezing cold 极冷的；冰冻的
freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的
(3)frozen adj. 冷冻的，结冰的，冻僵的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The hikers were at risk of freezing to death after they lost their way in the snowstorm.
(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)When told I was awarded the first place in the writing contest, I stood there, frozen(freeze), surprise and joy surging through me.[读后续写之情绪描写]
(3)当她看到路上的蛇时，她吓呆了，一步也动不了。
When she saw the snake in her path, she froze with terror and couldn't move even a single step.
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hatch　vt.密谋，策划；使孵出
vi.孵化；孵出
【经典例句】 The mother bird is patiently waiting for her eggs to hatch.
母鸟正在耐心等待她的蛋孵化。
【语境辨义】
(1)The problems do not end if crocodiles successfully hatch from the eggs.孵化
(2)The thieves hatched a plan to rob the bank but finally got caught.密谋
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pray　vi.& vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告
【经典例句】
①(教材P40)They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.　他们来到珍珠港海底观看船只的影子，了解袭击事件，向在袭击中丧生的人表示敬意，并祈祷世界和平。
②Do not pray for easy lives; pray to be stronger.
不要祈求轻松的生活，要祈祷成为更加坚强的人。
pray that... 祈祷……
pray for sb. 为某人祈祷
pray for sth. 祈求某物；期盼某事
pray to sb. 向某人祈求/祷告
pray to do sth. 祈求做某事
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He prayed to be forgiven(forgive) by his mother, for his being rude.
(2)We should all pray for those who have lost their homes in the natural disaster.
(3)James prayed to the doctor that his son could be given the best medicine and treatment.
(4)老妇人跪了下来，祈祷她所有的孩子都安然无恙。
Having knelt down, the old lady prayed that all her children would be safe and sound．
[读后续写之动作描写]
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shift　n.改变，转移；轮班
vi.& vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变
【经典例句】 The cat shifted its position slightly to stay in the warm patch of sunlight.
猫微微挪动身子，待在温暖的阳光里。
shift from...to...　　 从……转移到……
【语境辨义】
(1)There has been a shift of emphasis from manufacturing to service industries.转移(n.)
(2)A team from the power company came to shift the cables away from the house.转移(v.)
(3)She promised to see after the children when their mothers were on the night shift.轮班
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过去分词(短语)作状语
【经典例句】
①(教材P37)Packed with vivid descriptions and fun facts, this type of history book is highly readable and true to life.
这种类型的历史书充满了生动的描述和有趣的事实，可读性强，贴近生活。
②(人教选必三U5)Based on what you have learnt about Fan Zhongyan and Su Shi from this book, what do you think they have in common
基于你从这本书中对范仲淹和苏轼的了解，你认为他们有什么共同之处？
(1)过去分词(短语)表示被动和完成，可作时间状语、原因状语、让步状语等；
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致；
(3)过去分词(短语)作状语可改为状语从句；
(4)过去分词(短语)作状语的位置：过去分词(短语)可放在主句前，作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
【单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子】
(1)Located(locate) at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City is mainly built of bricks.
(2)The old man got on the bus, supported(support) by a girl.
(3)After I am inspired by my headteacher, I am determined to stick to my dream until I achieve it.
→Inspired by my headteacher, I am determined to stick to my dream until I achieve it.
(4)受父母的影响，这位钢琴家在很小的时候就对音乐产生了兴趣。
Influenced by his parents, the pianist developed an interest in music when he was very young.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
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动词不定式(短语)作定语
【经典例句】
①(教材P40)Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack.
在37对兄弟中，拉赛尔和他的兄弟是唯一一对在袭击中幸存的兄弟。
②(外研选必一U3)In 2003，Yao Ming became the first Chinese sportsperson to win the award，and in Shanghai in 2015 Yao Ming and Li Na both won awards.
2003年，姚明成为首位获得此奖项的中国运动员，2015年在上海，姚明和李娜双双获奖。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only、the right、the last等修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语；
(2)常用动词不定式作后置定语的名词有ability、chance、opportunity、need、way、wish、effort、right、ambition、patience、anxiety、attempt、courage等；
(3)当被修饰的词为something、nothing、anything等不定代词时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)We students should have the courage to pursue(pursue) our dreams, no matter how difficult the path may seem.
(2)As far as I know, Amy was the only person to complete(complete) the challenging task successfully without any assistance.
(3)就我个人而言，我认为我是最适合担任这份工作的人，因为我有相关的经验。
Personally speaking, I think I am the best person to take up the job because of my relevant experience.[应用文写作之申请信]
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．No sooner had this famous writer stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous(thunder) applause.
2．My heart sank(sink) when I saw how much work there was left.
3．Buried(bury) in his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.
4．Jim dived into the argument as usual without thinking.
5．By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
6．The ship would have sunk with all the people on board but for the efforts of the captain.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他忙于研究，没有时间和儿子玩。[过去分词(短语)作状语]
Occupied in the research, he had no time to play with his son.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为第一个获得此殊荣的黑人女性。[动词不定式(短语)作定语]
By winning the Olympic all-around title，she became the first black woman to do so．
3．北极熊向我们靠近，吓得我们呆若木鸡，一动也不敢动。
The polar bear approached us, making us freeze with terror and too scared to move an inch.
4．在一些文化中，人们聚集在社区纽带紧密的地方。(where引导地点状语从句)
In some cultures, people gather where community bonds are strong．
5．尽管通勤时间是之前的两倍，他还是接受了这份工作。(although引导让步状语从句)
He accepted the job offer, although the commute was twice as long as his previous one．

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