资源简介

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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·山东名校考试联盟期中)Growing crops in piling rows indoors under controllable artificial lights can produce more food per square foot while using less land and water than traditional outdoor farms. But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive. Researchers are now finding that adjusting light to cater to the unique requirements of each crop can promote stronger, healthier growth and simultaneously cut down on energy use.
Researchers have developed a computer program that can control lighting to better both photosynthesis (光合作用) and electric bills. The computer program adjusts the intensity of grow lights hourly based on the changing cost of electricity.
This “smart lighting” could potentially cut vertical farms' electricity costs by up to 12 percent, says Leo Marcelis, leader of the research team. Such savings could lead to tens of thousands of dollars in annual cost reductions, backed by data from the 2021 Global CEA Census Report—a survey of the indoor and controlled environment agriculture industry.
But how might indoor crops grow well under dynamic lighting Marcelis and his colleagues tested how leafy greens reacted to light patterns that changed hourly. Plants were exposed to varying light intensities: one group of plants grew under high-then-low intensity lighting intervals (间隔), while another enjoyed brighter mornings and dimmer afternoons. Interestingly, both conditions resulted in leaves and mature weights similar to those grown under standard fixed lighting.
While the new program operated without predetermined lighting conditions, Marcelis indicates there is potential for reducing electricity costs. Continued research that tests dynamic lighting on larger scales is needed, as the research was carried out at the single-plant level, but not yet at the whole crop stand level, mentioned Marcelis. He also cautions against expecting immediate benefits from dynamic lighting for vertical farming. Other critical issues remain to be resolved before vertical farming can help feed the world.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农业的相关信息。
1．What is a disadvantage of vertical farming
A．Cost-effective.
B．Labor-intensive.
C．Energy-consuming.
D．Technically-challenging.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this vertical farming technique is also energy intensive and expensive.”可知，垂直农业的一个缺点是很耗能。
2．What influences the adjustments of grow light intensity
A．Variations in power costs.
B．Growth stages of the crops.
C．Outdoor lighting conditions.
D．Changing electricity supplies.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The computer program adjusts...the changing cost of electricity.”可知，电力成本的变化影响生长光强度的调整。
3．What did researchers find about indoor crops
A．They grow better under fixed lighting.
B．They remain uninfluenced by sunlight.
C．They output more under dynamic lighting.
D.They react similarly to varying light patterns.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Interestingly, both conditions resulted...standard fixed lighting.”可知，研究人员发现，室内作物在不同的光线模式下反应相似。
4．What may Marcelis agree with
A.There are still some limitations in the research.
B.The new program helps save on electricity bills.
C．Vertical farming will be a major trend in the future.
D．Dynamic lighting is a useful way to get rid of hunger.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He also cautions against...farming can help feed the world.”可推知，这项研究仍然存在一些局限性，还有其他关键问题有待解决。
B
(2025·湖北部分高中联考协作体高二期中)The Wuyishan National Park, known for its splendid scenery and respected tea industry, has taken significant steps to safeguard its traditional tea heritage and industry, while using technological advances to raise the incomes of local people.
Being home to one of China's largest and most diverse subtropical forests, Wuyi Mountain is the only place in the country where Wuyi rock tea is grown. In the 18th century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction of plant resources damaged the environment in the area around Wuyi Mountain.Then the Wuyishan National Park was established in 2021, as one of the first batch of China's national parks. The park authorities have cooperated with tea experts to make up a strategy for the improvement of the Wuyi Mountain tea industry and biodiversity.
“In order to better protect the forest, we must respect and preserve the existing areas for the locals to plant and live on, but further expansion has been restricted，” said Huang Zhimin, a researcher with the park's management bureau.
Eco-friendly plantations that use the “tea forest” and “tea grass” models have been introduced to the park. Moreover, the authorities provide farmers with free seedlings (幼苗) of precious broad-leaved trees like Nanmu. This__practice not only protects local biodiversity, but also improves the quality of the tea.
The Wuyishan National Park's authorities have been working with tea experts to improve production and quality through the use of innovative technological methods. A local farmer said，“In the past, we lacked knowledge of scientific tea field management, which resulted in tea of average quality that was only suitable for basic daily consumption. Now, with the help of scientific approaches, the quality of our tea has risen significantly.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了武夷山国家公园的建立，及园区内采取的生态友好型的种植方式，既保护了当地环境，又提高了茶农收入。
5．What was the Wuyishan National Park intended for
A．To attract more tourists to come here.
B．To examine innovative technological methods.
C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the biodiversity.
D．To promote the eco-environment and tea quality.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, illegal land reclamation of tea mountains...around Wuyi Mountain.”“The park authorities have...tea industry and biodiversity.”可知，武夷山国家公园的设计初衷是改善生态环境和提高茶的质量。
6．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 4 mean
A．Asking the authorities for help.
B.Decreasing land reclamation of tea mountains.
C．Using eco-friendly plantations.
D．Growing all the broad-leaved trees.
C　解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的“Eco-friendly plantations...have been introduced to the park.”可知，“This practice”指的是使用生态友好型种植园。
7．What can be inferred according to the local farmers
A．They benefit a lot from the tourism of the national park.
B．The quality of their tea is much better than before.
C．The scientific approaches make no difference to them.
D．Their knowledge of tea field management is the best.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the past, we lacked knowledge...the quality of our tea has risen significantly.”可知，过去茶质量一般，仅适合基本的日常消耗，而现在茶质量已提升很多。
8．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A novel.　　 B．A medical book.
C．A tourist brochure. D．A magazine.
D　解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍的是武夷山国家公园的相关内容，可能出自农业和环境保护方面的杂志。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友乔纳(Jonah)对中国美食很感兴趣，来信询问你家乡的特色饮食。请根据以下要点给他回一封邮件。内容包括：
1．推荐一种美食；
2．简要介绍其特色；
3．邀请他来中国品尝。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Jonah，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Jonah，
Hearing you are interested in Chinese food, I'd like to recommend a well-known dish—Kung Pao Chicken to you.
As one of the most popular dishes in my hometown, Kung Pao Chicken is made of chicken breast, roasted peanuts, small pieces of tofu, dried chillies and onions. Cooked with sugar, salt and vinegar, it has a combination of sweet and sour taste, which is loved by both the young and the old.
I would like to extend my sincere welcome to you to pay a visit to China. We'll try this delicious dish and other famous local cuisines.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During my high school years, I was part of the school band, a group that was not just about music but also about good-fellowship (友情) and shared experiences. We had a special event each year: the music festival at a well-known theme park. It was an opportunity for us to showcase our talents and enjoy the pleasure of the park. To make this event meaningful, we organized a fundraising campaign, selling chocolate bars throughout our community. It was a simple plan but one that required us to connect with our neighbors and ask for their support. There were always heart-warming encounters.
One sunny afternoon, I approached a neighbor's home. The lady who answered the door greeted me with a smile and, after hearing about our cause, she decided to support us by purchasing several bars.
As we were nearing the end, the lady's little girl, who was about three or four years old and had been watching our actions, ran out. The little girl came back with a bill in her hand, a little dirt on it. She was eager to give it to me and said, “I want to be like Mom and support you.” The lady was surprised and said it was saved by the girl herself. Her lovely face and eager eyes made it hard for me to say no. I tried to explain to her that her mother was already buying some chocolate, but she was determined. Neither her mother nor I could dissuade (劝阻) her from her newfound task of handing me the dollar bill. I knew that I couldn't put her mother in a position to buy more chocolate than she had originally intended. I couldn't accept the little girl's money.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Suddenly, inspiration struck! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The little girl's eyes widened with joy as she grasped the bill and the chocolate bar.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Suddenly, inspiration struck! With a quick look at the mother, I decided to take a more playful approach. I changed my attitude and accepted the dollar bill from the little girl, expressing my heartfelt thanks for her generosity. I gave her a chocolate bar, then quickly reached into my pocket, pulled out another bill, and handed it to her. I smiled and said, “Here's your change！”
The little girl's eyes widened with joy as she grasped the bill and the chocolate bar. She was completely satisfied with the deal and believed that she had truly contributed to our fundraising efforts. With a cheerful wave, she ran back into the house, likely to return the dollar to its hiding place or to find a new one to continue her charitable work. The brief meeting left all of us with smiles on our faces.INCLUDEPICTURE "英YLXZXBXYUNIT1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../英YLXZXBXYUNIT1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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　mood　　combination　creamy
greedily gently association vary
link emotion native salty
relieve bond security generate
digest enhance boil impress
scenery version adorable mild
bitter loose foggy dynasty
expand multiple property appropriate
estimate consume essential innovation
concept stimulate appetite delicate
emphasis mixture apart
　do the trick，cry out for，throw oneself into，out of this world，let sth. loose，hit the spot，fall apart
　1.“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
2.现在分词(短语)作状语
3.It is/was＋adj./n.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.
4.as...as...
5.what 引导主语从句
6.“so/such...that...”引导结果状语从句
　动词不定式(短语)作主语和表语
　食物介绍类说明文
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snack n. 　　　　　　　 小吃
dessert n. 甜点
appetite n. 食欲；胃口
nutrition n. 营养
vitamin n. 维生素
protein n. 蛋白质
mineral n. 矿物质
recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
go on a diet 节食
a healthy/an unhealthy diet 健康/不健康的饮食
stick to one's diet 坚持一种饮食习惯
sweet adj. 甜的
sour adj. 酸的
bitter adj. 味苦的
hot/peppery adj.　　　　　　 辣的
salty adj. 咸的
smelly adj. 臭的
sausage n. 香肠
cheese n. 奶酪
butter n. 奶油
roast n. 烤肉
pork n. 猪肉
oil n. 油
peanut n. 花生
date n. 海枣
bacon n. 培根，咸猪肉
ham n. 火腿
chips n. 炸薯条
sauce n. 酱汁
watermelon n. 西瓜
mango n. 芒果
strawberry n. 草莓
cherry n.　　　　　　　　　 樱桃
pepper n. 辣椒
spice n. 调料
mustard n. 芥末
pasta n. 意大利面
vinegar n.　　　　　　 醋
chop n. 连骨肉，排骨
blackberry n. 黑莓
slice of bread 面包片
salad oil 色拉油
话题佳句
1.Keep away from high-fat foods and eat more fruit and vegetables. A balanced diet is very important for you to keep fit.
远离高脂肪食物，多吃水果蔬菜。均衡的饮食对你保持健康非常重要。
2.Just remember：when in Rome，do as the Romans do and you will be able to enjoy the local cuisine.
请记住：入乡随俗，你就能享受当地美食。
3.China is a country with a long history, whose culture of food plays an important part in its development. 　中国是一个历史悠久的国家，它的饮食文化在国家发展中起到了重要作用。
Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
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What is the main idea of the passage
A．The food that we like to eat.
B．The food that we used to eat in our childhood.
C．The food that has an impact on our feelings.
D．The food that will influence our health.
答案：C
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1．How does the author introduce the topic of comfort food
A．By making a comparison.
B．By introducing the definition.
C．By giving personal experience.
D．By telling a story.
2. What is comfort food in its broadest sense
A．Food that is rich in nutrients.
B．Food that you eat every day.
C．Food that you remember well.
D．Food that makes you feel better.
3．What will people think of while having food that they grow up with
A．Their warm home.
B．Their happy childhood.
C．Their emotional story.
D．Their work experience.
4．For people who move away from their home country，what largely determines their comfort food
A．Some aspects of their own culture.
B．The food that they grow up with.
C.The feeling of relieving from their homesickness.
D.The feeling of happiness and sense of belonging.
答案：1～4.CDBD
1．Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick，not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.(Para.1)
[分析]　本句中包含which引导的非限制性定语从句，“transporting me back to my sunny childhood”是动词-ing形式作定语，修饰machine。
[翻译]　有时候只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油味道了，它就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回到阳光灿烂的童年。
2．With pleasure, I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma's flat, listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.(Para.1)
[分析]　本句中的With pleasure为介词短语作状语；“I used to spend...”是省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词为afternoons。“listening to her...rice pudding”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[翻译]　我愉快地回忆起那些慵懒的星期天下午，我常常在奶奶温暖的公寓里度过，听她讲精彩的故事，贪婪地吃着一碗又一碗美味的米饭布丁。
3．According to some food experts, there are some aspects of culture that people will lose right away, but with food, there are more opportunities to connect to memory, family and place.(Para.4)
[分析]　本句中的“that people will lose right away”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词culture；but连接两个并列句；“to connect to memory, family and place”为不定式短语作定语，修饰opportunities。
[翻译]　根据一些食品专家的说法，人们会马上失去文化的某些方面，但有了食品，人们就有更多的机会把记忆、家庭和场所联系起来。
Whenever I feel lonely or no matter 1.how bad my mood is, my comfort food, rice pudding, which is the 2.combination(combine) of rice, milk and sugar, makes me feel better. In its broadest sense, comfort food refers 3.to any food that makes us feel better. It often makes up 4.for bad feelings by helping us recall happy 5.memories (memory) of the people, things or places we love. Our comfort foods are 6.highly(high) individual. They vary from person to person, 7.depending(depend) on our own unique experiences. There are some aspects of culture that people will lose right away, but it's 8.hardest(hard) to give up the food that you grow up fort food takes us back to our 9.cultural(culture) roots, 10.giving(give) us the “taste of fort food tastes good and always makes us feel good.
1．In your opinion, is there any difference between one's comfort food and favourite food Give your reasons.
__________________________________________________________________
2．What kind of food will be your comfort food when you miss your home？Why
________________________________________________________________
答案：Open answers.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．flavo(u)r n.　　　 A．纽带，联系；连接，结合
2．dessert n. B．碟状物，茶碟，茶托
3．saucer n. C．酸的，有酸味的；馊的
4．sour adj. D．卡，卡路里；千卡
5．bond n. E．(饭后)甜点，甜食
6．calorie n. F．味，味道；特点，特色
答案：1～5.FEBCA　6.D
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．no matter how bad my mood is
　　　　　　　　 无论我的心情有多糟
2．be linked with positive emotions
与积极的情绪有关
3．a native of the UK
出生于英国的人
4．generate positive emotion
产生积极情绪
5．lower blood sugar levels
降低血糖水平
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．combination n．结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi.(使)结合；组合；混合
2．creamy adj.含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的→cream n．奶油；乳脂
3．greedily adv.贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的→greed n．贪婪，贪心
4．gently adv.轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj.温柔的；文静的
5．association n．联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate vt.联想；联系 n．同事；伙伴
6．vary vi.(根据情况) 变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变→varied adj.各种各样的→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．种类；多样性
7．emotion n.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→emotional adj.感情的；情感的；情绪的
8．salty adj.咸的，含盐的→salt n．盐
9．relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n．减轻；宽慰
10．security n．安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→secure adj.稳固的，可靠的；安全的　
11．digest vt.& vi.消化；领会，理解 n．摘要，文摘→digestion n．消化(食物)
12．cycle n．循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车→cycling n．骑自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Forrest Gump is a gem of a film that is guaranteed to lift__your__spirits(振奋你的精神).
2．These pills should do__the__trick(起作用), and you'll feel much better in no time.
3．When starting your own business, you shouldn't think of a free day, not__to__mention(更不用说) flying off for a month's vacation.
4．Invited into a friend's home, you should accept with__pleasure(高兴地).
5．In the summer holiday, I usually take__my__time__over(不慌不忙地) reading an interesting book.
6．The business also refers__to(指的是) an organization that provides goods and services.
7．The research indicated that doing enough exercise could make__up__for(弥补) some of the unhealthy impacts of poor sleep.
8．We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves instead of depending__on(依赖) others for help.
9．Obesity is__linked__with (与……相关) an increased risk of heart disease.
10．Because of the natural disaster，people in this area cry__out__for(迫切需要) peaceful life.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．whenever引导让步状语从句
Whenever__I__feel__lonely(每当我感到孤独的时候), I have a secret recipe that never fails：rice，milk and sugar，cooked low and slow.(Para.1)
2．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
No__matter__how__bad__my__mood__is(无论我的心情有多糟), that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.(Para.1)
3．现在分词(短语)作状语
I take my time over every spoonful, gently__rolling__the__silky__dessert__around__my__mouth__and__enjoying__the__perfect__marriage__of__rice__and__milk(让丝滑的甜点在我的口中轻轻转动并享受着大米和牛奶的完美融合).(Para.1)
4．when引导时间状语从句
When__we__eat__it__again(当我们再次吃它时), we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.(Para.3)
5．It is/was＋adj./n.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.
It__is__hardest__to__give__up(放弃……是最难的) the food that you grow up with.(Para.4)
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mood n.心境；心情，情绪；气氛，氛围
【经典例句】
①After a day of air and activity, you should be in the mood for a good meal.
在户外活动了一天，你应该想好好吃一顿。
②(外研选必一U1)Lift the mood with a joke and explore the area.
用一个笑话改善情绪并探索该区域。
(1)in a good/bad mood　 心情好/坏
put sb.in a good/bad mood 使某人心情好/坏
be/feel in the mood for sth./to do sth. 有心情做某事
be/feel in no mood for sth./to do sth. 没有心情做某事
improve one's mood 改善某人的情绪
(2)moody adj. 情绪多变的；喜怒无常的
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)Hearing that she had been admitted into a key university, Jane was in such a good mood that she almost jumped up.读后续写之心理描写
(2)Moody(mood) people can indeed be very difficult to deal with, so it's important to approach them with patience and understanding.
(3)Jumping rope is a lot of fun, which is a great way to relieve stress and improve__your__mood(改善你的情绪).
(4)她没有通过口试；她如此沮丧，以至于没有心情做任何事情，只是在房间里哭泣。
She didn't pass the oral test；she was so depressed that she was/felt__in__no__mood__to__do__anything，just weeping in her room.读后续写之情绪描写
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combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
【经典例句】
①(外研选必一U4) Since his first opera, Nine Songs, Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories.
从谭盾的第一部歌剧《九歌》问世以来，他一直以中国音乐和全球音乐相结合的方式来讲述故事。
②Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。
(1)in combination with 与……联合起来
(2)combine vt.& vi. (使)结合；组合；混合
combine with... 与……结合起来
combine...with/and... 将……与……结合起来
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事；合起来促成某事
(3)combined adj. 联合的，共同的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)There's nothing we're unable to conquer if we make combined(combine) efforts to do it together!
(2)我强烈建议你把工作和娱乐结合起来。
I strongly recommend that you__(should)__combine__your__work__with/and__pleasure．应用文写作之建议信
(3)与现代技术相结合，传统教学方法可以大大提高学生的学习效果。
In__combination__with/Combined__with__modern__technology,__traditional teaching methods can greatly enhance students' learning outcomes.
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do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
【经典例句】 (教材P2)Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick，not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.　有时候只是闻到气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油味道了，它就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回到阳光灿烂的童年。
(1)trick n.　　　　　　　 骗局；戏法；戏弄
v. 欺骗，哄骗
(2)play tricks/a trick on 捉弄
(3)trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
trick sb.into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)He tricked me into believing that he had done a good deed.
(2)Watch out for Jack because he is just playing tricks on you.
(3)我不知道是什么起了作用，但我确实感觉好多了。
I don't know what it was that did__the__trick,__but I'm definitely feeling much better.
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greedily adv.贪婪地，贪心地
【经典例句】 (教材P2)With pleasure, I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma's flat, listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.
我愉快地回忆起那些慵懒的星期天下午，我常常在奶奶温暖的公寓里度过，听她讲精彩的故事，贪婪地吃着一碗又一碗美味的米饭布丁。
(1)greedy adj.　　 贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的
be greedy for... 对……贪心；渴望……
be greedy to do... 渴望做……
It's greedy of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是贪婪的。
(2)greed n.　　　　　 贪婪，贪心
out of greed 出于贪婪
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)The roots of the plant are greedy for water.
(2)After seeing plenty of solid evidence, the greedy(greed) thief had no choice but to admit that it was he that stole the gold watch.
(3)They were greedy to eat up all the food.
→It__was__greedy__of__them__to__eat__up all the food.
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association n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
【经典例句】 (教材P2)In this article，we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the association it calls to mind.
在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊类型的治愈系食物，它的功效主要在于它唤起人们的联想。
(1)in association with... 与……联合；与……合作；
与……相联系
(2)associate vt. 联合；把……联系起来
associate with... 与……联系
(3)associated adj. 有联系的；相关的；联合的
be associated with 与……有关
【单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级】
(1)(北师大选必一U1)I have a never ending flow of messages and updates from all the people I associate with online.
(2)Some of the injuries which are__associated__with__running(与跑步有关), such as runner's knee，are uncommon among race walkers.
→Some of the injuries associated__with__running，such as runner's knee，are uncommon among race walkers.(过去分词短语作定语)
→Some of the injuries in__association__with__running,__such as runner's knee，are uncommon among race walkers.(介词短语作定语)
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vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.
它们因人而异，这取决于我们自己独特的、塑造了我们的生活的经历。
②Smartphones vary in features and price, catering to consumers with different needs and budgets.
智能手机在功能和价格上各有不同，满足了不同需求和预算的消费者。
(1)vary from...to...　 在……到……之间变化；
从……到……不等
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)variety n. 多样化；变化；种类
a variety of/varieties of... 各种各样的……
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Plants' growth can vary with the amount of sunlight they receive each day.
(2)A variety(vary) of activities offered at the camp promotes physical and mental well-being.
(3)如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
→If you travel to Beijing, I will arrange a__variety__of/varieties__of/various activities，which__vary__from__climbing__the__Great__Wall__to__visiting__the__Summer__Palace．(定语从句)
→If you travel to Beijing, I will arrange a__variety__of/varieties__of/various activities，varying__from__climbing__the__Great__Wall__to__visiting__the__Summer__Palace．(v.-ing形式作定语)应用文写作之邀请信
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link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来
n．联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.
如果我们从小就吃家里的某些食物，那么那些食物往往与积极的情绪有关。
②(外研选必一U5) Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.　最令人惊讶的是，植物之间有一个惊人的交流系统，该交流系统几乎可以把森林里每一株植物联系起来。
(1)link...to/with...　 将……和……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with... 与……有联系
(2)a link with... 与……的联系
a link between...and... ……和……之间的联系
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked(link) to a different part of the body.
(2)The new bridge being built now will link the island to/with the mainland, providing a vital transportation connection for the residents.
(3)毫无疑问，肺癌与吸烟有密切的联系。
→There is no doubt that lung__cancer__is__closely__linked__to/with__smoking．(link v．)
→There is no doubt that there__is__a__close__link__between__lung__cancer__and__smoking．(link n．)
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与“link...to/with...”类似的表达还有join...to...、connect...to/with...、associate...with...、relate...to...。
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native n.出生于某国(或某地)的人；
本地人　adj.出生地的；本地
的；土著的；土产的
【经典例句】 (教材P3)Of course, each person's comfort food largely depends on where they come from—for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, served hot, salty and sour.
当然，每个人的治愈系食物很大程度上取决于他们来自哪里——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼和薯条，有热的、咸的和酸的。
(1)be a native of...　 ……的人；原产于……的动物或植物
(2)be native to... 原产于……
one's native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The Amazon rainforest is home to many species of plants and animals that are native to South America.
(2)During their visit to that country, they communicated with natives(native) there happily.
(3)中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
China is our__native__country__and__Chinese__is__our__native__language．
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cry out for 迫切需要
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.
一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己的文化根源，带给我们迫切需要的“家的味道”，以解思乡之情。
②The environmentalists cried out for stronger measures to protect the planet.
环保人士强烈要求采取更有力的措施来保护地球。
cry out　　　　 (因害怕、震惊、疼痛等)大声
叫喊；大声地说；呐喊
cry for help 呼救
cry off 取消前言；打退堂鼓；取消诺言
cry over spilt milk 覆水难收；作无益的后悔
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)She said she was coming to the party, but cried off at the last moment.
(2)Yesterday evening I was walking in the street when I heard someone crying for help.
(3)观众在这名运动员跨过终点线时欢呼雀跃。
The crowd cried__out__in__excitement as the athlete crossed the finish line. 读后续写之情绪描写
(4)常言道，覆水难收，后悔也于事无补。
As the saying goes, it's no use crying__over__spilt__milk．
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relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
【经典例句】 A walk in the park helped relieve the tension built up from a long day at work.
在公园里散步有助于缓解一整天工作累积的紧张情绪。
(1)relieve sb. of...　 帮助某人减轻……
relieve from 从……中解除；减轻；使免于
(2)relief n. 减轻；宽慰
with/in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是一种解脱。
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的；放心的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Knowing that you are concerned about my present state, I'm more than grateful and relieved(relieve).
(2)Travel can help us relieve from stress, and we can have the chance to broaden our horizons and find out who we really are.
(3)Seeing the fierce wolf running away, all of us were with/in relief.
(4)发现我的家人都安然无恙，我如释重负。
It__was__a__great__relief__to__find __________________________________
that my family were all safe.
读后续写之心理描写
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digest vt.& vi.消化；领会，理解
n．摘要，文摘
【经典例句】 (教材P5)As desserts like cakes are digested, blood sugar levels can go up quickly.　当像蛋糕这样的甜点被消化时，血糖水平会迅速上升。
【语境辨义/完成句子】
(1)The magazine she gave me is Reader's Digest.n.文摘
(2)You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.vt.消化
(3)我花了很长时间来理解会议上提出的理论。
It__took__me__a__long__time__to__digest the theory put forward at the meeting.
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“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.　无论我的心情有多糟，那种完美的组合总是足以让我心情舒畅。
②(外研选必一U4)Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years.
无论你的看法如何，数千年来人们一直通过艺术来表达他们的思想。
(1)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom；
(2)whenever、wherever、however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how；
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
(2)However different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.
(3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)我尝到了胜利的滋味，学会了无论遇到什么困难，都要坚持不懈地追求梦想。
I got a taste of victory and learned to pursue my dream with perseverance, whatever/no__matter__what__difficulties__might__arise．读后续写之主旨升华
(4)(北师大必修二U4)每当有人需要帮助时，来自世界各地的朋友都能立即提供有用的建议或信息。
Whenever__someone__needs__help,__friends from all over the world can immediately provide useful suggestions or information.
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现在分词(短语)作状语
【经典例句】
①(教材P2)I take my time over every spoonful, gently rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.
我细细品尝每一勺，让丝滑的甜点在我的口中轻轻转动并享受着大米和牛奶的完美融合。
②(人教选必一U5)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.　种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质释放回土壤，使其为下一批作物(的生长)做好准备。
教材原句中“gently rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk”是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
(1)现在分词(短语)除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等；
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等；
(3)不定式(短语)也可作状语，表示目的、原因、结果。“only＋不定式(短语)”作结果状语时，表示意料之外的结果。
【单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级】
(1)(外研必修二U6)Other people started fishing for sharks, killing(kill) as many as they could.
(2)We had booked a room, but when we reached the hotel at the time as arranged, only to__be__told(tell) there were no rooms available.
(3)我熟练掌握英语口语，这让我毫无困难地与外国人交流成为可能。
I have a good command of oral English, making__it__possible__for__me__to__communicate__with__foreigners__without__difficulty．
(4)A fire broke out without warning, and it caused severe economic loss in that place.
→A fire broke out without warning, causing__severe__economic__loss__in__that__place．
[现在分词(短语)作结果状语]
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It is/was＋adj./n.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.
放弃你吃着长大的食物是最难的。
②(外研选必一U5)It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.　人们知道植物使用化学物质相互交流已经有一段时间了。
it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity、a fact、a good idea、no wonder...)＋that从句；
(2)It＋be＋形容词(strange、important、vital、necessary、obvious、possible...)＋that从句；
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...)＋that从句；
(4)It＋特殊动词/动词短语(strike、hit、occur to...)＋sb.＋that从句。
【完成句子/句式升级】
(1)我突然意识到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有巨大的魅力和价值。
It__struck/hit/occurred__to__me__that traditional culture like tea culture is of great charm and huge value. 应用文写作之传统文化
(2)(人教选必一U1)中国的科研和中医药能够在全世界传播，这确实是一种荣幸。
It__is__indeed__an__honour__for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to__be__spread around the world.
(3)The new president is said to come to power next month, which makes them very excited.
→It__is__said__that__the__new__president__will__come__to__power__next__month,__which makes them very excited.
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The company has worked in association with several organizations to promote environmental protection. 　
2．The giant panda native to China is one of the most beloved and endangered species in the world.
3．Our every emotion and mood(情绪) can be conveyed precisely with the use of facial expressions and body language.
4．Foods which go through a factory process lose much of their colour and flavour(味道).
5．This book will continue to generate(引起) excitement for a long time.
6．I think there will be some embarrassing data and it will vary(变化)from country to country.
7．Anxiety may be relieved by talking to a friend or a family member.
8．It will take people who are open-minded a short time to digest(理解) new ideas.
9．I am confident that the lecture combining(结合) fun and education is bound to appeal to you.
10．The Red Cross was founded to create a link(联系) between soldiers in battle and their families at home.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．In the course of the Art and Culture Show, there are various performances varying__from__singing__to__reciting__poems(从唱歌到朗诵诗歌).
2. The professor spoke at the meeting for nearly an hour without referring__to__his__notes(查阅他的笔记).
3. If your friends are too busy to meet for lunch, a short phone call can do__the__trick(奏效；达到目的).
4. Five years older than the majority of officers of his same rank, he was determined to make__up__for__the__lost__time(弥补失去的时间).
5. We think of this as an old person's migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not__to__mention(更不用说) tourism, retail and restaurants.
6．The problem lies__in(在于) that people still haven't realized the importance of environmental protection.
7．He likes to take__his__time__over__eating__breakfast(不慌不忙地吃早餐), which can help keep his digestive system healthy.
8. Uncomfortable situations, fear and pain are all tension builders that cry__out__for__humour(迫切需要幽默).
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
For me, childhood is a time 1.that__is__connected__with__the__taste__of__tanghulu(与糖葫芦的味道有关的；that引导定语从句), a snack of sugar-coated hawthorn berries on a bamboo stick. My dad used to bring me all sorts of snack 2.when__he__came__back__home__from__work(当他下班回家时；when引导时间状语从句), but tanghulu is by far my favourite. Even now, the mere taste of this treat recalls the warmth of his bear hugs. 3.Whenever__I__miss__home(无论什么时候我想家了；whenever引导让步状语从句), I treat myself to a stick of tanghulu, 4.which__is__my__secret__cure__for__homesickness__and__works__every__time(这是我治疗乡愁的秘方，而且每次都有效；which引导非限制性定语从句).Period 3　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(食物介绍类说明文)
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假定你是李华，你们学校正在举办征文比赛，请以“我最喜欢的食物”为题写一篇文章参赛，内容包括：
1.最喜欢的食物名称；
2.食物的制作过程。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
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[第一段]　点明最喜欢的食物，并引出下文
1．饺子有着悠久的历史，它是我最喜欢的食物。
Jiaozi has a long history and it is my favourite food.
2．它不仅制作简单，而且可以根据个人口味进行调整。
It is not only easy to make，but it can also be adapted to individual tastes．
[第二段]　详细介绍制作过程
3．将配料和肉馅充分混合。
Mix thoroughly the ingredients and meat filling.
4．在一个大碗中，逐渐向面粉中加入适量的水。
In a big bowl, add proper water to flour gradually．
5．当它煮熟后，就可以上桌了。
When well cooked, it is ready to be served.
[第三段]　介绍食物的意义
6．每次我吃饺子，它都会给我带来家庭的幸福回忆和好运。
Each time I eat jiaozi, it brings the happy memories of the family and also good luck to me.
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7．[读教材原句]　(教材P2)Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick，not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.
[记句式]　which引导非限制性定语从句
[学仿写]　用非限制性定语从句改写句1
Jiaozi, which has a long history, is my favourite food.
8．[读教材原句]　(教材P6)Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want.
[记句式]　倒装句
[学仿写]　用倒装句改写句2
Not only is it easy to make, but it can also be adapted to individual tastes.
9．[读教材原句]　(教材P2)Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar, cooked low and slow.
[记句式]　whenever引导让步状语从句
[学仿写]　用whenever引导让步状语从句改写句6
Whenever I eat jiaozi, it brings the happy memories of the family and also good luck to me.
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One possible version：
My Favourite Food
Jiaozi, which has a long history, is my favourite food. Not only is it easy to make, but it can also be adapted to individual tastes.
Firstly, cut the meat into tiny pieces, and then add salt, oil, soy sauce and Chinese cabbage if you like. Mix thoroughly the ingredients and meat filling. In a big bowl, add proper water to flour gradually. Then leave the dough for about one hour with a cover and chop it into small pieces.Press each piece with your hand and get a pancake. Finally, put the filling in the center, wrap it into half-moon shape and seal the edges. Put the jiaozi into boiling water.When well cooked, it is ready to be served.
Whenever I eat jiaozi, it brings the happy memories of the family and also good luck to me.
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第一段
简单介绍食物
1.Sushi evolved from Southeast Asian fermented fish preservation techniques over 2，000 years ago.
寿司是由 2 000 多年前东南亚的发酵鱼类保存技术演变而来的。
2.As one of humanity's oldest processed foods, cheese has nourished civilizations from ancient Mesopotamia to modern France.
作为人类最古老的加工食品之一，奶酪滋养了从古代美索不达米亚到现代法国的文明。
第二段
食物的制作方法和工艺
1.Traditional Peking duck requires 18-hour air-drying before roasting.
传统的北京烤鸭需要风干 18 小时后才能烤制。
2.Authentic Neapolitan pizza must be baked in wood-fired oven at 485 ℃.
正宗的那不勒斯比萨必须在 485 ℃ 的柴火烤炉中烘烤。
3.First, mix minced pork, chopped cabbage, and seasonings in a bowl to make the filling.
首先，将猪肉糜、切碎的卷心菜和调味料放入碗中搅拌，制成馅料。
4.Some families even add shrimp or mushrooms for extra texture.
有些家庭还会加入虾仁或蘑菇，以增加口感。
5.Whisk eggs and sugar until the mixture becomes pale and fluffy.
搅拌鸡蛋和糖，直到混合物变得苍白蓬松。
第三段
食物的意义和影响
1.Mooncakes represent family reunion in Mid-Autumn Festival.
月饼代表中秋节家人团聚。
2.Thanksgiving turkey symbolizes harvest and gratitude.
感恩节的火鸡象征着丰收和感恩。
3.Beyond nutrition, cheese carries cultural significance.　除了营养，奶酪还具有文化意义。
4.As globalization continues, this ancient food keeps bridging cultures through shared culinary enjoyment.
随着全球化的不断深入，这种古老的食物通过共享美食享受，不断架起文化的桥梁。
写作二　场景微续写(赛途逆袭)
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词汇积累 [动作描写]　commit oneself to, acknowledge, defeat, analyse, flee, found, insist on, come to power, encounter, mourn[人物描写]　committed, academic, property, novelist, politician, genius, gentle, passion→passionate, extraordinary, moustache, peculiarity, professor, remarkable
佳句积累 [人物描写]　1.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.2.Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.3.To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.[比喻]　He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.[主旨升华]　It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
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[场景呈现]　在数学竞赛中遭遇失败后，汤姆感到沮丧，但他没有放弃。他决心弄清楚自己的错误，并花了几个小时分析自己的表现。尽管遇到了许多挑战，但对数学的热情激励着他，他依然坚持每天练习。几个月的努力得到了回报，他不仅提升了自己的能力，还对复杂问题有了更深的理解。他的努力使他在下一次竞赛中赢得了最高奖项，证明了失败只是通往成功的垫脚石。
After 1.experiencing a defeat in the math competition, Tom felt upset but refused to give up. He 2.committed himself to understanding his mistakes and spent hours 3.analysing his performance. Despite encountering numerous challenges, he 4.insisted on practicing every day, 5.fueled by his passion for maths (过去分词短语作状语). Months of hard work paid off when he not only improved his skills but also developed a deeper understanding of complex problems. His efforts led him to win the top prize in the next competition, 6.proving that failure is just a stepping stone to success (现在分词短语作状语).
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短语必记
1.dedicate oneself to　　　　　 致力于
2.give one's all 倾尽全力
3.go above and beyond 全力以赴
4.put one's heart and soul into 全心全意投入
5.devote time and energy to　 投入时间和精力于
6.selfless dedication 无私奉献
7.work tirelessly for... 不辞辛劳地为……工作
8.sacrifice personal interests for 牺牲个人利益以换取
必背金句
1.He works tirelessly day and night to improve the community's living conditions.
他不分昼夜、不知疲倦地工作，以改善社区的居住条件。
2.He has devoted his entire career to finding a cure for the disease.
他整个职业生涯都致力于寻找这种疾病的治疗方法。
3.The teacher gave her all to ensure that every student received a quality education, which in turn helped students achieve their full potential.
这位老师倾尽全力确保每个学生都能获得优质教育，这反过来帮助学生充分发挥他们的潜力。
4.Because she dedicated her life to improving the lives of poor children, she has become a role model for many.　因为她致力于改善贫困儿童的生活，她已经成为许多人的榜样。
5.He put his heart and soul into helping those in need, often sacrificing his own time.
他全心全意帮助那些有需要的人，常常牺牲自己的时间。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
维度一　 词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．(人教选必一U5)What impressed(impress) people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
2．In the age of global competition, design innovation(innovate) is vital.
3．We instantly(instant) stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter.
4．He fell behind, so he had to quicken(quick) up his pace to catch up with us.
5．We are looking to the further expansion(expand) of trade and cooperation between us.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．We've made a bet on who's going to arrive first.
2．He said not only you but one of your classmates was invited(invite) to take part in the speech contest.
3．It is estimated that the number of visitors to the museum will double during the holiday season.
4．This teacher made a deep impression on me not because of his teaching but because of his strong personality.
5．These trees are covered with thousands of tiny flowers which have a delicate scent.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．这款应用是如此方便且有用的工具，它在中国十分受欢迎。
This app is such a convenient and useful tool that it is quite popular in China.
2．使他如此兴奋的事情是他在比赛中获得了第一名。
What makes him so excited is that he got the first in the match.
3．玛丽一门考试也没通过，使她父母非常生气。
Mary failed all her exams, making her parents very angry．
4．这张书桌正好和那张旧书桌一样宽。
This desk is just as wide as that old one.
5．让孩子们从小就学会明辨是非是很重要的。
(1)It is essential that children (should) learn how to distinguish right from wrong from a young age.
(2)It is essential for children to learn how to distinguish right from wrong from a young age.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必二U3】
I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste：Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.
We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings served with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.
Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.
Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true：Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.
1．What is the most famous food in Shandong
A．Boiled dumplings.　　
B．Roasted meat.
C．Stewed noodles.　　
D．Pancake rolls.
2．What does the author think of boiled dumplings
A．Delicious and meaningful.
B．Expensive and important.
C．Special and traditional.
D．Nutritious and impressive.
3．Why do people in Xiangjiang prefer their food to be cooked over an open fire
A．Because they like the flavour of boiled or roasted meat.
B．Because they traditionally wandered the open range on horses.
C．Because that way of cooking can bring the people together.
D．Because that way of cooking can show their character.
4．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Lamb kebab is the traditional food in Sichuan.
B．In Shandong people like to cook foods over an open fire.
C．In South China, making dumplings has always been a family affair.
D．When the writer's family had just arrived in China, they had no idea how to order foods.
答案：1～4.DABD
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·邵阳、武冈期中)Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is panies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.
One of the companies created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of puter-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide (除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smart-phone.
The co-founder of the company says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.
Another company, developing farm robotics has a system called “See & Spray”， which it claims was the world's first smart sprayer. The system which connects to the back of a tractor is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. The vice-president explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed and now it's an expert in pigweed. ”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了农业中的人工智能。
1．How will AI benefit agriculture
A．It will fund agriculture research.　　　
B．It contributes to low-cost farming.
C．It can avoid harmful chemicals.
D．It frees all farmers from field work.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools ...environment-harming chemicals.”可推知，人工智能通过降低成本造福农业。
2．What do the products of the two companies have in common
A．They use recognition technology.
B．They are powered by solar energy.
C．They are connected with smart phones.
D．They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the companies ... cameras to identify all plants on a farm.”和最后一段中的“The system which connects ...only the weeds.”可知，这两家公司的产品的共同之处是他们都使用了识别技术。
3．What do the vice-president's words suggest about the robot
A．It is environmentally-friendly.
B．It is good at self-improving.
C．It has the learning ability.
D．It can track various plants.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的副总裁的话“The first time the machine saw a pigweed...it's an expert in pigweed.”可推知，这个机器人有学习能力。
4．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．The experiment in farming robots.
B．New trend in artificial intelligence.
C．Modern See & Spray technology.
D．Artificial intelligence in agriculture.
D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture.”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了农业中的人工智能。
B
Staffan Lindeberg is a professor in the department of medicine at the University of Lund in Sweden.He was interested in a Stone Age diet.Years ago he travelled to Papua New Guinea to study the diet of the people on the island of Kitava as it was very close to the Stone Age diet.While there, he found that people did not suffer from heart attacks, diabetes (糖尿病)，being overweight and many other diseases common in modern society.
As a result of his findings，he decided to test patients in Sweden to see how such a diet would affect them.Fourteen patients followed a Stone Age diet while another fifteen followed a Mediterranean diet, also healthy with lots of fruit and vegetables.All of the patients in the tests had high blood sugar levels，most suffered from diabetes and all had heart problems.
At the end of three months, the group following the Mediterranean diet had reduced their blood sugar levels by a small amount but those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood.The patients in both groups also lost weight although the level of sugar in the blood and the patients' weight didn't seem to be related.
So, what is it about the Stone Age diet that can make us more healthy？The diet contains some meat，fish，vegetables and nuts but it doesn't contain any dairy products or grains, and there is no salt.
The next question is whether the Kitava people are healthier than us.After all，their life expectancy (预期寿命) is much lower.According to Professor Lindeberg, this is not as simple as we may think.Because of their poor healthcare, there is more chance of them dying at a young age. However, if people on Kitava manage to reach fifty, they are likely to live as long as people in more developed countries.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。斯塔凡·林德伯格教授经过研究发现，和石器时代的饮食接近的食物可以让人们远离心脏病、糖尿病、肥胖等这些现代社会常见的疾病。
5．What did Staffan Lindeberg find about the Kitava people on the island of Kitava
A．They went on the Stone Age diet.
B．They lived a simple life.
C．They had no diseases common in modern society.
D．They had poor medical condition.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，基塔瓦岛上的人没有现代社会常见的疾病。
6．Which kind of food did the Stone Age NOT contain
A．Meat.　　　　 B．Vegetables.
C．Salt. D．Fish.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The diet contains...and there is no salt.”可知，石器时代的饮食中没有盐。
7．What did the tests in Sweden show
A．The Mediterranean diet could not help reduce blood sugar levels.
B．High blood sugar levels could cause people to be overweight.
C．The Stone Age diet could help people lose weight quickly.
D．People following the Stone Age diet had a lower blood sugar level.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“those following the Stone Age diet had much lower levels of sugar in their blood”可知，遵循石器时代饮食的人血糖水平更低一些。
8．Why is Kitava people's life expectancy lower
A．They have unhealthy eating habits.
B．Their living environment is poor.
C．They don't have good health care.
D．They tend to suffer from a rare disease at a young age.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Because of their poor healthcare, there is more chance of them dying at a young age.”可知，基塔瓦岛人平均寿命更低的原因是落后的医疗。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was a young boy, our home was located near a public swimming pool. During the summer months, I developed a daily __1__ of swimming and playing there for countless hours. The best thing of all was a __2__ where you could purchase a refreshing Coca-Cola for just fifteen cents and a bag of chips for only a dime (十美分). Often my mom or nanna would give me a quarter before I left, ensuring I could enjoy a __3__．
Sometimes, however, they were __4__ or busy. On such days, I would try to search the couch cushions (坐垫), hoping to find some __5__ change that had fallen out of someone's pockets. Much to my delight, I frequently found coins like dimes and __6__ even a quarter. With the newfound treasure, I'd __7__ to the pool, with change in my hand and happiness in my heart. I remember looking between the cushions in the winter a few times but not even find a __8__．　
Only recently did it __9__ me why I always found money in the couch cushions during summer but not in winter. I __10__ Mom, Nanna, or Dad secretly placed coins there. They knew it would __11__ my day. Of course, they never __12__ anything about it, even after I had grown up. I guess some secrets are too good to __13__ . I believe that maybe an unobserved act of kindness has a special joy to it. You get no __14__ for it, at least not to your face. Yet, it fills your heart with pure happiness. And you know that you are making this world a much more loving and joyful place. But no act of kindness is ever truly __15__. God sees them all. God loves them all. And God smiles down upon them all.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候在夏天总能在沙发坐垫里找到零钱去买零食，长大后才明白是家人悄悄放的，借此表达了善意虽可能不被察觉但意义非凡的感悟。
1．A.routine　　 B．schedule
C．possibility　　 D．plan
A　解析：根据下文“swimming and playing there for countless hours”可推知，这里指游泳和玩耍数小时的日常(routine)。
2．A.bench B．stand
C．cart D．counter
B　解析：根据下文“where you could purchase a refreshing Coca-Cola for just fifteen cents and a bag of chips for only a dime”可知，这里描述的是一个售卖点(stand)。
3．A.drink B．meal
C．feast D．treat
D　解析：根据上文“Often my mom or nanna would give me a quarter before I left”可知，妈妈或奶奶经常在作者离开前给作者二十五美分，是确保作者能享受一次款待(treat)。
4．A.present B．unoccupied
C．inaccessible D．unavailable
D　解析：根据下文busy可推知，此处说的是当家人不在(unavailable)或忙碌时。
5．A.spare B．extra
C．additional D．necessary
A　解析：根据下文“had fallen out of someone's pockets”可知，是为了找到一些闲置的(spare)零钱。
6．A.rarely B．regularly
C．occasionally D．seldom
C　解析：根据下文even a quarter可知，此处说的是偶尔发生(occasionally)的情况。
7．A.walk B．rush
C．hesitate D．wander
B　解析：根据上文the newfound treasure可推知，作者找到了钱后非常兴奋，所以会急匆匆地跑(rush)向泳池。
8．A.cent B．dime
C．dollar D．quarter
A　解析：根据上文“not even find a”可知，此处说的是连一美分(cent)都没有发现。
9．A.seize B．bless
C．confuse D．strike
D　解析：根据下文“why I always found money in the couch cushions during summer but not in winter”可知，作者最近突然想到(strike)为什么夏天总能在沙发坐垫里找到钱而在冬天找不到。
10．A.claim B．suspect
C．acknowledge D．ignore
B　解析：根据下文“Mom, Nanna, or Dad secretly placed coins there”可知，作者猜测(suspect)是妈妈、奶奶或爸爸秘密地放了硬币在那里。
11．A.make B．ruin
C．stay D．enhance
A　解析：根据上文“Mom, Nanna, or Dad secretly placed coins there”可知，妈妈、奶奶或爸爸秘密地放了硬币在那里，是为了让作者高兴，make one's day为固定短语，意为“使某人高兴”。
12．A.suggest B．deny
C．mention D．detect
C　解析：根据下文“even after I had grown up”可知，他们从未提起(mention)过这个秘密，即使作者已经长大成人。
13．A.keep B．spot
C．share D．distribute
C　解析：根据下文“I believe that maybe an unobserved act of kindness has a special joy to it.”可知，这里指秘密太美好而不应该轻易分享(share)出去。
14．A.promotion B．award
C．feedback D．appreciation
D　解析：根据下文“Yet, it fills your heart with pure happiness.”可知，这里指不会直接得到别人的感谢(appreciation)。
15．A.eluded B．unseen
C．ignored D．hidden
B　解析：根据下文“God sees them all.”可知，这里指任何善举都不是真正不被看到的(unseen)。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·邵阳、武冈期中)Digitalisation，1.____________ is a main characteristic of the 21st century, represents a widespread use of digital technologies in various 2.____________ (area) of life.
However, experts noted that too much social media use is known to have a negative influence 3.____________ mental health. So they started a study to investigate how to improve mental health in this time of rapid digitalisation.
The results of the study 4.____________ (lead) by Dr Julia Brailovskaia of the Mental Health Research and Treatment Center clearly showed that individuals who cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day 5.____________ used this time for physical activity could 6.____________ (significant) improve their mental health.
Participants who replaced 30 minutes of social media use with exercise every day for two weeks 7.____________ (have) powerful results. They reported feeling 8.____________ (happy), more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed. The positive effects lasted for at least six months after the study had ended.
“This shows us how vital it is 9.____________ (reduce) our availability online from time to time and to go back to our human roots，” said Dr Brailovskaia. “These measures can be easily applied to people's 10.____________ (day) lives and they're completely free and, at the same time, they help us to stay happy and healthy in the digital age.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着数字化的发展，过多使用社交媒体对心理健康有负面影响，而研究表明减少使用社交媒体并将这些时间用于锻炼，可以显著改善心理健康。
1．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Digitalisation，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导。
2．areas　解析：考查名词复数。area为可数名词，其前有various修饰，应用名词复数形式。
3．on/upon　解析：考查介词。have a negative influence on/upon意为“对……有消极影响”，为固定搭配。
4．led　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语是showed，空处为非谓语动词；lead与
其逻辑主语the study之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
5．and　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，“cut their social media use by 30 minutes a day”和“used this time for physical activity”之间是并列关系，应用and连接。
6．significantly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰动词improve，应用副词形式，意为“显著地”。
7．had　解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的谓语；根据从句中的replaced并结合上下文时态可知，应用一般过去时。
8．happier　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据下文“more satisfied, less stressed and less depressed”可知，空处应用形容词比较级作表语。
9．to reduce　解析：考查非谓语动词。“it is＋adj.＋to do...”为固定句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。
10．daily　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词lives，应用形容词形式，意为“日常的”。Period 4　Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
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What's the main idea of the passage
A．The introduction to the history of three famous foods.
B．The introduction to Chinese culture.
C．The introduction to three traditional Chinese foods.
D．The introduction to Chinese tradition.
答案：C
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1．What can we infer from the first entry
A．All Chinese people like Sichuan hot pot.
B．Sichuan hot pot is also very well-known abroad.
C．Sichuan hot pot has a short history.
D．The author will not eat Sichuan hot pot again.
2．What can we know about Nanjing salted duck
A．It is Nanjing's famous food import.
B．The meat is a bit fat but juicy.
C．It takes a few days to make.
D．Its process includes salting, boiling and frying.
3．What's an important thing during Cantonese's morning tea 　
A.Conversation about business, family or pleasure.
B．The dim sum they eat.
C．The various dishes they eat.
D．The restaurant they eat in.
4．Why is Nanjing salted duck so famous
A.The countryside around Nanjing has waterways.
B．The duck is regarded to have cooling properties.
C．Every year, tens of thousands of ducks are consumed.
D．The duck has its unique flavour and tastes in particular.
答案：1～4.BCAD
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There are many famous 1.traditional(tradition) Chinese foods. One of them is Sichuan hot pot, 2.which is famous both at home and abroad. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the wet, 3.foggy(fog) climate in which they were invented. They are believed to have started 4.off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. Another 5.one is Nanjing salted duck, which is Nanjing's most famous food export. It takes several days 6.to prepare (prepare) Nanjing salted duck, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. Duck is considered 7.to have (have) cooling properties, so it is proper for the hot summer months. But now people eat salted duck all year round. The third one is Cantonese dim sum. In Guangzhou, morning tea is 8.an essential part of the daily routine. From the mid-19th century, morning tea was to serve tea together with 9.varieties(vary) of dim sum. The concept took off, and today Guangzhou's restaurants stimulate customers' appetite with over 1，000 10.offerings(offer), all of which are very delicious.
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Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1．enhance vt.　 A．味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的
2．version n. B．性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
3．filling n. C．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
4．elderly adj. D．成碎片；分开；相隔
5．bake vt.& vi. E．提高，增强
6．flour n. F．年纪较大的，上了年纪的
7．mild adj. G．不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的
8．bitter adj. H．变体，变种；说法；版本
9．damp adj. I．潮湿的，湿气重的
10．slice n. J．薄片，片；部分，份额
11．property n. K．(糕点等的)馅
12．appetite n. L．蒸；散发蒸汽
13．steam vt.& vi. M．边，边缘；刀口
14．edge n. N．烘烤；烤硬
15．apart adv. O．面粉
答案：1～5.EHKFN　6～10.OGAIJ
11～15.BCLMD
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
根据课文语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．boil noodles in the pot　 在锅里煮面条
2．your best bet 你最好的赌注/选择
3．the atmosphere is lively 气氛活跃
4．it has expanded to... 它已经扩展到……
5．served plain in thin, white slices 简单地切成白白的薄片端上来
6．it is estimated that 据估计
7．an essential part of the daily routine 日常生活中必不可少的一部分
8．the concept took off 这个观念开始流行起来
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的；令人赞叹的→impression n．印象
2．scenery n．风景，景色；舞台布景→scene n．场面；景色
3．adorable adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt.崇拜，敬重；非常喜欢
4．loose adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的→loosen vt.(使)放松；变松；松开，放开→loosely adv.宽松地；松散地；不精确地
5．foggy adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的→fog n．雾
6．multiple adj.数量多的，多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；(使)相乘；(使)大量增加；(使)繁殖
7．appropriate adj.合适的→appropriately adv.适当地
8．consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumption n．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量→consumer n．消费者
9．innovation n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法→innovate v．创新；革新→innovative adj.革新的，创新的
10．stimulate vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋→stimulating adj.趣味盎然的；激励人的，振奋人心的→stimulation n．激励；兴奋(作用)
11．delicate adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的→delicacy n．娇嫩，柔软；脆弱；仔细
12．emphasis n．强调，重视；重读→emphasise v．强调
13．wrapper n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→wrap vt.包，裹(礼物等)；用……缠绕(或围紧)
14．mixture n．混合物；混合，结合→mix vt.& vi.混合；调配
Ⅳ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Consequently, I threw myself into(投入) my work for the rest of the school year.
2．We sat outdoors and the food tasted great. The place was so pretty and relaxing that it was really out of this world(好极了)!
3．Sometimes I take life too seriously, and I want to let loose(放松) as well.
4．Low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with(被覆盖) thick grass.
5．This kind of software for English study appeals to (吸引) a lot of students who are weak in oral English.
6．Is there anything you would like in particular(尤其) for dinner
7．We want an education system that is more appropriate for(更适合) the needs of the students.
8．After the football match, I drank a cup of cola and it really hit the spot(使人满意).
9．She starred in a film and at this point she really took off(开始走红).
10．Others fall apart(崩溃) under pressure, while a few people do well despite the pressure.
Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”
The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China(名扬国内外).(Para.1)
2．现在分词(短语)作结果状语
The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends(使这顿饭成为与朋友放松的最佳方式).(Para.1)
3．what引导主语从句
What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that(我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是)they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.(Para.2)
[分析]　此句中还含有that引导的表语从句；since引导的原因状语从句。
4．“It is estimated that...”意为“据估计……”
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that(据估计) tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing！(Para.4)
5．“so/such...that...”引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that(日常生活中如此必不可少的一部分，以至于) “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”(Para.5)
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throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于；积极从事
【经典例句】
①(教材P6)In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.
在过去几周，从在锅里煮面条到在平底锅里炸牛排，我全身心投入家庭烹饪当中。
②(外研选必一U1)While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then, their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.
虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不仅可以带来快乐，还可以为解决敏感问题或情绪化问题带来新的启发。
throw oneself on　 扑倒在……上；依赖
throw light on 使……显得清楚；阐明……；照亮
throw away　　　　 扔掉；浪费(金钱等)；放过(机会等)
throw off 扔掉；摆脱；匆匆脱掉
throw out 抛出，扔掉；撵走；开除
throw up 抛起；举起；呕吐
【用throw的相关短语填空】
(1)Just the thought of eating that food makes me want to throw up．
(2)Anyone who cheats will be thrown out of the team.
(3)When he heard the news of his promotion, he threw himself on his colleague's arm and hugged him tightly.读后续写之动作描写
(4)You should throw off your addiction to computer games.[应用文写作之建议信]
(5)The new research study throws light on the causes of the environmental crisis and suggests potential solutions.
(6)Don't throw away that old photo album; it's full of precious memories.
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boil vt.& vi.用沸水煮；(使) 沸腾
【经典例句】 The soup needs to boil for another 15 minutes before it reaches the perfect consistency.
汤需要再煮15分钟才能达到完美的浓稠度。
boiled water　　　 开水；白开水；凉开水
boiling water 沸腾的水；麻烦事；纰漏
【单句语法填空】
(1)We should drink more plain boiled(boil) water in summer.[应用文写作之建议信]
(2)When the water boils(boil), add the meat and potatoes.
(3)He poured the boiling(boil) water onto the ground coffee.
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impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到；使铭记
【经典例句】
①(教材P7)As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.
只要你不怕高，市中心最新的餐厅“天空自助餐”就会给你留下深刻的印象。
②(外研选必一U1)Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks will impress Holmes.
华生对自己的回答很满意，他认为这会给福尔摩斯留下深刻印象。
(1)impress sb.with sth. 某事/某物给某人留下深刻印象
impress (sth.)on/upon sb. 使某人牢记(某事)
be impressed by/at/with... 对……印象深刻；被……感动
(2)impression n.　 印象；感想
leave/make/have a(n)...impression on sb. 给某人留下一个……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人敬佩的，令人赞叹的
【单句语法填空/语段填空/一句多译】
(1)The kids' parents try to impress on/upon them that it is very important to be honest in daily life.
(2)Hangzhou is really an impressive(impress) place.The famous West Lake always leaves a deep impression(impress) on the visitors.I was deeply impressed by/at/with its beauty the first time I saw it in the 2025 summer vacation.
(3)西安是一座历史悠久的城市，它古老宏伟的建筑一定会给你留下深刻印象。
→Xi'an, a city with a long history，will surely impress you with its ancient and grand buildings．(impress)
→Xi'an is a city with a long history, whose ancient and grand buildings will surely leave/make an impression on you．(impression；非限制性定语从句)应用文写作之推荐信
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scenery n.风景，景色；舞台布景
【经典例句】 (教材P7)Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal.
更好的是，它的整个座位区会缓慢旋转，在用餐时可以欣赏外面的风景。
scene n.　　　　　 (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
on the scene 在现场；当场
come on the scene 到场；出现；问世
【单句语法填空/补全句子】
(1)The moment the police received the call, they rushed to the scene(scenery), where a traffic accident happened.
(2)He turned up late and missed the first scene of the play(错过了戏剧的第一场).
(3)She came on the scene(到现场) the moment she heard the news.
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expand vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
【经典例句】
①(教材P11)Over time，it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.　随着时间的推移，它已经扩展到包括汤、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁在内的多种选择，吸引着不同口味的人。
②As your horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.
随着你的视野不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。
(1)expand knowledge of...　　　　　 扩大对……的了解
expand/broaden one's view/horizons 开阔某人的视野
expand to... 扩大到/扩展到……
expand on/upon 详述，进一步阐述
(2)expansion n. 扩大，扩张；扩充
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)It was at the class meeting that our teacher expanded on/upon the details of the activity.
(2)The expansion(expand) of Chinese cities has made it necessary to develop urban railway systems.
(3)Expanding(expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.[应用文写作之建议信]
(4)He hopes the trip will take place every year and expand to neighbouring countries.
(5)令我高兴的是，通过旅游我开阔了视野。
To my delight, I have expanded my view/horizons by travelling．
应用文写作之旅行心得
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appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的，适当的
【经典例句】 (教材P12)Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months.
传统上，鸭子被认为具有清凉的特性，因此适合在炎热的夏季吃。
(1)be appropriate for/to　　 适合……
It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that...(should) do... ……做……是合适的。
(2)appropriately adv. 适当地
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately(appropriate) and improve your interactions with others.
(2)It is appropriate that we(should) start(start) a campaign to protect our environment.应用文写作之倡议书
(3)(2023·天津卷6月)The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you.
(4)你在采访中问这样私人的问题是不合适的。
→It is not appropriate for you to ask such personal questions in an interview.
→It is not appropriate that you (should) ask such personal questions in an interview.
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estimate vt.估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本
【经典例句】 It is difficult to estimate how many animals lost their lives in the forest fire.
很难估计有多少动物在这场森林大火中丧生。
(1)estimate sb./sth. to be... 估计某人/某物为……
It is estimated that... 据估计……
(2)estimated adj. 估计的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Experts estimate the damage caused by the storm to be (be) $1 billion, which will significantly impact the local economy.
(2)The estimated(estimate) time of arrival for the flight is 7 p．m., although delays can occur due to weather conditions.
(3)据估计，将近3 000人将参加这次会议。
It is estimated that nearly 3，000 people will attend the conference.
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essential adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的
【经典例句】
①(教材P12)In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
在广州，早茶是人们日常生活中如此必不可少的一部分，以至于“你喝茶了吗？”已经成为当地版本的“早上好。”
②(人教选必一U5)They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.
它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水分通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。
(1)be essential to/for　 对……是不可缺少的
(2)It is essential for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是必要的。
It is essential that...(should) do sth. 做某事是必不可少的。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)It is essential that the application form (should) be submitted(submit) before the deadline.应用文写作之通知
(2)(外研选必一U1)Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour for thousands of years.
(3)(2024·浙江卷1月)Lastly, it promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is essential for overall well-being.
(4)在做出推断之前，他必须获得一些可靠的信息，这是至关重要的。
→It is essential for him to get some reliable information before making inferences.
→It is essential that he (should) get some reliable information before making inferences.
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emphasis n.(pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读；重点
【经典例句】 (教材P12)The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu.
重点是在谈生意、聊家常或消遣，当地人可以花几个小时在一起聊天、喝茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。
(1)put/place/lay emphasis on　 强调；重视
(2)emphasise v. 强调；重视
emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性；重视……
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)The examples we will look at have quite different emphases(emphasis).
(2)We should emphasise(emphasis) the importance of learning English.
(3)This high school puts great emphasis on the cultivation of students' interpersonal communication skills.
(4)我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
→We can not emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much.(emphasise v．)
→We can not put/place/lay emphasis on the importance of protecting our eyes too much.(emphasis n．)
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fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃；瓦解
【经典例句】 (教材P13)Don't overfill the dumplings, or they will fall apart when you boil them.
不要过度填充饺子，否则煮的时候它们会散开。
fall behind　　　 不能按时完成(工作)；落后
fall behind with 拖欠(付款)
fall over sth. 被某物绊倒
fall on＋日期 适逢某日
fall off 跌落；数量减少；质量下降
【用fall的相关短语填空/完成句子】
(1)The beautiful vase dropped on the ground and fell apart．
(2)I rushed for the door and fell over the cat in the hallway, making me black and blue all over.读后续写之动作描写
(3)(外研选必一U1)When a bee starts circling around Charlie's face, he falls behind with his work.
(4)元宵节在农历正月十五，标志着中国新年庆祝活动的结束。
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, marking the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.应用文写作之告知信
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“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”
【经典例句】
①(教材P11)The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in China.
四川地区令人垂涎欲滴的火锅名扬国内外。
②I am as eager as a child waiting for the Spring Festival.
我像等待春节的孩子一样兴奋。
上面两句使用了“as...as...”结构，表示同级比较。在“as＋adj.＋as”和“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as...”结构中的形容词只能是原级。
【完成句子】
(1)事实上，心理健康和身体健康一样重要。
As a matter of fact, mental health is as important as physical health．
(2)如果你想和我一样健康，你最好每天有规律地锻炼身体。
If you want to live as healthy a life as I do, you'd better take regular exercise every day.[应用文写作之建议信]
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what引导主语从句
【经典例句】
①(教材P11)What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.
我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是它们提供了一个很好的与朋友交往的机会，因为一顿饭可以持续几个小时。
②(北师大选必一U1)If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.　如果我所做的教师工作能帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
(1)在what引导的主语从句中，what常作主语、宾语或表语；
(2)what还可以引导宾语从句。
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
(1)What made me happy was(be) that she bought me a gift.
(2)Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves.
(3)The thing that I can guarantee is that I will organise some activities between universities to raise students' awareness of competition.
→What I can guarantee is that I will organise some activities between universities to raise students' awareness of competition.(主语从句)
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“so/such...that...”引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
【经典例句】
①(教材P12)In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
在广州，早茶是人们日常生活中如此必不可少的一部分，以至于“你喝茶了吗？”已经成为当地版本的“早上好。”
②(人教必修三U5)I developed such a strong interest in stage design that I realised I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it.
我对舞台设计产生了如此浓厚的兴趣，以至于我意识到我想用余生来做这件事。
(1)“so/such...that...”引导状语从句，该结构的具体形式如下：
so＋ ＋that...
such＋＋that...
(2)在“so/such...that...”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在句子要用部分倒装结构。
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) It was such an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my memory.
(2)We had so little time to catch the train that we had to run as fast as we could to make it.
(3)他是一位极其负责任的老师，以至于我们都被他深深打动，永远不会忘记他对我们的学习和个人成长产生的影响。
→He was so responsible a teacher that we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth.
→He was such a responsible teacher that we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth.
→So responsible a teacher/Such a responsible teacher was he that we were all deeply moved and we will never forget the impact he had on our learning and personal growth. (倒装)[应用文写作之人物介绍]
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Both the size and consumption(consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.
2．Effective communication is essential to/for the success of any team or organization.
3．Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore
4．No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy(fog) northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
5．This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素).
6．The bright clothes were not appropriate for a funeral.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这本书和那本一样有趣，所以我把它推荐给喜欢阅读的人。
This book is as interesting as that one, so I recommend it to anyone who enjoys reading.
2．(外研选必一U5)但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
3. 我想告诉你的是我对我父母深深的爱和尊敬。　
What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
4．不可否认，英语是非常重要的，它不仅可以帮助我们与外国人交流，而且可以提供一个向他们学习的机会。
There is no denying that English is of great importance, which can not only/not just help us communicate with foreigners, but also offer an opportunity to learn from them．
5．据估计，青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能挽救10万人的生命。
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服饰与文化
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【高频词汇】
1．style n.　　　　　　　　 风格
2．fashionable adj. 时髦的
3．elegant adj. 优雅的
4．decent adj. 得体的
5．embroider v. 刺绣
6．dye v. 给……染色
7．delicate adj. 精美的
8．display the grace and dignity 展示优雅与端庄
9．be of great cultural significance 具有重大的文化意蕴
10．be associated with... 和……联系在一起
【话题佳句】
1．Clothes are an essential part of people's life, which are formed in history and greatly influenced by climate, local lifestyle and people's belief.　衣服是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它们在历史中形成，并深受气候、当地生活方式和人们信仰的影响。
2．Most of the decorative patterns of Hanfu are based on animals, plants and geometric patterns, containing profound cultural connotations and showing the spirit of Han people in pursuing the unity of human and nature, standing aloof from worldly affairs and being generous and benevolent.
汉服的大多数装饰图案都是以动物、植物和几何图案为基础，蕴含着深厚的文化内涵，展现了汉族人民追求人与自然统一、与世无争、慷慨仁慈的精神。
3．Qipao, a traditional dress for females in China, is known as one of the symbols of traditional Chinese costumes and an irreplaceable cultural heritage in the fashion world.　旗袍，中国女性的传统服饰，被誉为中国传统服饰的象征之一，也是时尚界不可替代的文化遗产。
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Ms.Li, a Chinese Internet star famous for sharing traditional skills, made her first 1.appearance(appear) at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Her performance became one of the most exciting 2.moments(moment) of the show.
When the gala began, the camera focused on Ms.Li 3.standing(stand) on the stage. Large butterfly wings made with Weifang kite and gold-weaving skills 4.opened(open) behind her. Robotic butterflies shaped like butterflies flew around her, 5.whose designs were inspired by Ming Dynasty paintings. This mix of modern technology and traditional art created a beautiful scene, surprising the audience.
Li's dress, 6.weighing(weigh) over 6 kilograms used plant dyeing (coloring cloth with leaves), bamboo weaving, and Qiang embroidery(羌绣) 7.and showed many traditional crafts. The butterfly designs on her dress included Chengdu lacquer art and Yingshan silk flowers. In total, 13 different intangible cultural heritage (ICH) skills 8.were used (use). “Every part of this dress tells a story from the past，” Li said.
As a “Sichuan ICH Ambassador”， Li's performance taught young people about traditional arts. After the show, Li's social media followers increased by millions. Many teenagers posted, “We want to learn these skills too！” A teacher from Sichuan commented, “She has shown how traditional culture can connect generations.”
Ms.Li proved that old traditions can live in modern times. Li believes the key to 9.keeping(keep) traditions alive is to make them meaningful in daily life. Her performance reminded everyone: cultural heritage is not just history—it is 10.a treasure for the future. “If young people enjoy it, the culture will live on，” she said.
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Things to Think About as You Start Sophomore Year
Adapted from https：///
Welcome to sophomore year! Feeling overwhelmed I get it, you already have countless other things going on. Your freshman year is behind you. And college (or career) is just 3 years away.
No worries! There are some great things you can do right now to prepare for what comes after. Check them out and you'll be ahead of the game!
·Take the PSAT (preliminary scholastic assessment test, 学术评估测试预考)
Generally speaking, you are supposed to sign up to take the PSAT to help you earn scholarships for college during the fall of your sophomore year. You can find out which academic areas you're strong in, and which areas you can grow in. Your PSAT score won't be sent to colleges, making it a great opportunity to practice for when you take the real thing (the SAT) during your junior or senior year.
·Keep Participating in Your Favorite Extracurricular Activities
Sports, music, art, a job, volunteering, clubs...now is the time to focus on what vibes with you most and what brings you joy and satisfaction. Sophomore year can be a good time to dedicate more effort to the extracurricular activities you like the most. It's totally okay if this means fewer extracurricular activities for you! Leadership experience looks great on a college resume, and is great for your personal growth.
·Meet with Your Counselor
Now's a great time to get to know your counselor! Email them to set up an appointment. During this meeting, you can discuss: Course planning, Standardized tests, Upcoming college events at your school, Potential colleges and careers you're interested in.
·Continue Your Self-Discovery Journey
Now is a great time to start thinking about your potential career paths. Ask your parent/guardian or counselor. You can also try taking Scoir's (高中学生升学指导在线平台) 5-minute career assessment where you'll be presented with a list of careers that may be a good fit for you.
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1．sophomore n．(高中或大学的)二年级
2．overwhelmed adj.不堪重负的
3．countless adj.数不清的
4．career n．职业
5．no worries别担心
6．ahead of the game有优势
7．preliminary adj.初步的；预备的
8．scholastic adj.学术的
9．assessment n．评估
10．scholarship n．奖学金
11．fall (熟词生义) n．秋季
12．score n．分数
13．participate in参加
14．extracurricular adj.课外的
15．vibe with产生共鸣
16．satisfaction n．满意
17．dedicate v．奉献
18．leadership n．领导
19．resume n．简历
20．growth n．成长
21．counselor n．导师
22．standardized test标准化测试
23．upcoming adj.即将到来的
24．potential adj.潜在的
25．guardian n．监护人
26．be presented with被给予
27．fit (熟词生义) n．匹配
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Welcome to sophomore year! If you 1.feel__overwhelmed,__there are practical steps—take the PSAT, focus on your favorite extracurricular activities, meet with your counselor regularly and actively continue self-discovery—to prepare for 2.the__future．
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1.You can find out which academic areas you're strong in, and which areas you can grow in.
[分析]　句中两个which均引导宾语从句。
[翻译]　你可以发现自己擅长哪些学术领域，哪些领域可以发展。
2.Your PSAT score won't be sent to colleges, making it a great opportunity to practice for when you take the real thing (the SAT) during your junior or senior year.
[分析]　句中“making it a great...senior year”为动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
[翻译]　你的学术评估测试预考分数不会被送到大学，这是一个你在高三或高四的时候参加真正的考试(学术能力评估考试)前的绝佳的练习机会。
3.Sports, music, art, a job, volunteering, clubs...now is the time to focus on what vibes with you most and what brings you joy and satisfaction.
[分析]　句中两个what均引导宾语从句。
[翻译]　体育、音乐、艺术、工作、志愿服务、俱乐部……现在是时候专注于最能让你产生共鸣的以及能给你带来乐趣和满足的东西了。
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The Law of Club and Tooth—1
Excerpt from The Call of the Wild
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淘金潮时期，米勒法官家的爱犬巴克被贩卖到寒冷的阿拉斯加，它历经了重重磨难，最终回归到大自然。
Buck's first day on the beach was like a nightmare①. Every hour was filled with shock or surprise.② He had been suddenly removed from civilization and thrown into③ the heart of a primitive④ world. Here there was neither peace nor rest, nor⑤ a moment's safety. It was essential to be constantly alert, for these dogs and men were not town dogs and men. They were savages (野蛮人；凶狠残暴的人) who knew no law but the law of club and tooth (棍棒与犬牙法则)．
He had never seen dogs fight like these, and his first experience taught him an unforgettable lesson⑥. He was fortunate that it was Curly who was the victim, not himself. Curly, in her friendly way, tried to make friends with a husky dog (哈士奇). The dog was the size of a full-grown wolf, but not half as large as Curly was. There was no warning: only a fast jump, a metallic cut of teeth, and a jump back⑦. Curly's face was ripped open from eye to mouth.
It was wolf fighting, to strike⑧ and jump away, but there was more to it than this. Thirty or forty huskies ran to watch. They surrounded the fighters in a silent, watching circle, all licking their lips. Curly rushed at the husky, who struck again and jumped away. He met her next rush with his chest in a strange way that knocked her over. She never got up again. This was what the watching huskies had waited for. They closed in⑨ on her, snarling (龇牙低吼) and yelping. Curly was buried, screaming in pain, under the dogs' bodies.⑩
It was so sudden and unexpected that Buck was surprised. He saw Spitz watching, laughing. Francois jumped into the middle of the dogs, helped by three men with clubs and the dogs soon ran away. But Curly lay lifeless in the bloody snow.This scene often came back to Buck. This was the way of his new world. No fair play. Once you were down, that was the end. He would be careful not to go down. Spitz laughed again, and from that moment Buck hated him.
Buck soon received another shock. Francois fastened him into a harness (挽具). He had seen them before on horses when they were working. And he was set to work, pulling Francois on a sled to the forest around the valley, returning with firewood . He didn't like it, but he was too clever to rebel; he did his best although it was all new and strange. The other dogs—Spitz, the leader, and Dave, nearest the sled—with Francois and his whip, soon taught Buck how to behave when pulling the sled.
Perrault brought three more dogs to make up the team of six to pull the sled. Two brother huskies were called Billie and Joe, and an old husky who was blind in one eye was called Sol-leks, which means “angry one”. Spitz attacked the new dogs, and beat Billie, but not Joe. Sol-leks' only ambition, like Dave's, was to be left alone. Although, as Buck was to learn later, each of them had another and even more vital ambition.
That night Buck faced the problem of sleeping. He tried to sleep in the tent, but Perrault and Francois threw things and shouted at him until he ran away. A cold wind was blowing. He lay down on the snow but the frost soon made him stand up. He walked around the camp, but one place was as cold as another. He went back to see what his team-mates were doing. To his great astonishment ， they had disappeared. He wandered around unhappily, looking for them. Suddenly, as he walked round the tent, the snow gave way under his front feet and there was Billie curled up under the snow like a warm ball. It was another lesson. Buck selected a spot, and dug a hole for himself. In a moment, the heat from his body filled the small space and he was soon asleep.
Buck didn't wake up until he heard the noises of the waking camp.At first he didn't remember where he was. It had snowed in the night and he was completely buried. He was frightened and thought perhaps he was in a trap. But then he jumped straight up into the bright light of day. He saw the camp in front of him and he knew where he was.Everything came back to him from the walk with Manuel, to the hole he had dug for himself the night before.
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①此处为比喻句。
②此处为无生命名词作主语。
③本句中被动语态及动词throw显示出巴克的无措。
④primitive adj.原始的；远古的
⑤并列连词neither...nor...nor表示强调。
⑥teach sb.a lesson给某人一个教训
⑦本句中并列的名词短语增强了气氛的紧张感。
⑧strike v．袭击
⑨close in包围；逼近
⑩整段场景描写，特别关注加黑动词。
此处为“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。
此处为动词-ing形式作状语。
make up补齐
此处which引导非限制性定语从句。
to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是
wander around闲逛；徘徊
此处as引导时间状语从句。
not...until...直到……才……
frightened adj.害怕的单元过关检测(一)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who is coming for tea
A．John.
B．Mark.　　　
C．Tracy.
2．What will the man do next
A．Stay for dinner.
B．Prepare for the dinner.
C．Go to the railway station.
3．What does the man come for
A．A meeting.
B．A dinner.
C．A party.
4．How does the woman probably feel
A．Apologetic.
B．Worried.
C．Annoyed.
5．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Boss and employee.
B．Salesperson and customer.
C．Interviewer and interviewee.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the man doing
A．He is being interviewed.
B．He is making a flash.
C．He is playing computer games.
7．What do you think will happen after the conversation
A．The woman will call Mr Taylor.
B．The woman won't make the website.
C．The woman won't get in touch with Mr Taylor.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A.Waiter and customer.
B．Boss and employee.
C．Colleagues.
9．Where does the conversation take place
A．At a meeting room.
B．At a restaurant.
C．At a hospital.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What happened in the late 1970s
A．Return of the Jedi appeared.
B．Science fiction movies became popular.
C．There was a long gap in movie releases.
11．When did The Phantom Menace come out
A．In 1980.
B．In 1984.
C．In 1999.
12．What are the speakers discussing
A．When science fiction movies were released.
B．What is the plot of the Star Wars movies.
C．How Star Wars movies were made.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What does the man probably do for a living
A．He is a journalist.
B．He is a film reviewer.
C．He is a magazine editor.
14．What is the woman's favorite film ever
A．Pulp Fiction.
B．Jackie Brown.
C．Kill Bill.
15．What day is it today
A．Thursday.
B．Friday.
C．Saturday.
16．How does the man feel at the end of the conversation
A．Very grateful.
B．A little annoyed.
C．Much more calm.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the speaker's favorite place
A．Tower Bridge.
B．The Tower of London.
C．The Houses of Parliament.
18．Who took a photo for the speaker at Madame Tussaud's
A．Jean Louis.
B．The speaker's teacher.
C．Queen Elizabeth the Second.
19．What will the speaker see tomorrow
A．The lions.
B．Hamlet.
C．Big Ben.
20．What is the speaker mainly talking about
A．His blog.
B．His photos.
C．His trip in London.
答案：1～5.BCACA　6～10.ACCAB
11～15.CAAAB　16～20.BBABC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：John, is Mark coming for tea tomorrow
M：Yes，① I told you yesterday, Tracy.
W：Oh, did you？Sorry, I must have forgotten.
(Text 2)
W：What's the hurry？We'd like you to stay for dinner.
M：Well, thank you, but Helen and I have to meet my parents at the railway station.②
(Text 3)
W：Hi, Tom, we had to start the meeting without you.③
M：I know, my flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
W：But you are just in time for the discussion.③
(Text 4)
W：Excuse me. We've been waiting to play tennis since 10：30. It must be our turn now.④
M：I don't think so.We haven't finished it yet.You'll have to wait.
W：We've been standing here patiently watching you and it's time for you to stop.④
(Text 5)
W：So, Robert, how do you feel this year You've worked really hard to increase our sales.
M：It's been a bit up and down, but I'll meet my sales targets. Last year you promised that I would be promoted if I met my sales targets.⑤
(Text 6)
W：Okay, Mr Taylor, let's go ahead and begin.First of all, tell me about your last job.⑥
M：Well, I worked for five years at Hi-Tech Computers.
W：Okay. Hi-Tech. How about your website writing skills？Oh, we are looking for someone to create and manage our company's website.
M：Umm...uh, website，website. Huh...I don't think I've read that book.
W：Huh？And what about the experience with making a flash
M：Well...I think sometimes computer flash...if that's what you mean.
W：Okay, Mr Taylor, I think I have all the information I need！⑦
M：Oh, and I really like computer games. I play them every day.
W：Right，right.Thanks, Mr Taylor.We'll be in touch.
(Text 7)
M：Tonight we've planned a little gathering in this meeting room, an informal get-together, if you'd like to join us.⑨ You'd meet some other colleagues, and then we plan to go out to dinner together—a well-known restaurant.⑧ I don't know if you have any other plans this evening.
W：No, not at all. No plans. Well, that sounds like a good combination, talking and eating...
M：So, if you like, we'll meet here again at about seven and I'll take it from there.
W：Yes, that's perfect.
(Text 8)
W：You're a fan of the Star Wars movies, right When did the first one come out？
M：It came out on May 25th, 1977.
W：How do you remember that so clearly？That's more than 40 years ago!
M：I'm a huge fan! There were a lot of science fiction movies in the late 1970s because of Star Wars.⑩
W：And when did the next two movies come out
M：The Empire Strikes Back came out in 1980 and Return of the Jedi came out in 1983. But then there was a long gap until the next one. Fans had to wait for 16 years until The Phantom Menace. There were no movies from 1984 to 1998.
(Text 9)
M：Bonnie, I'm super nervous right now.
W：Why, what's up？I thought you were flying down to L．A.today.Are you afraid of flying or something
M：No, I fly all the time. It's just that I'm doing my biggest interview of my entire career tomorrow， and I don't want to mess it up.
W：Come on, you've been at the magazine for more than a year. Your editor wouldn't send you down there unless he had confidence in your abilities. Who is the interview with？
M：Quentin Tarantino.
W：Uh...what？Quentin Tarantino？The director？Are you serious
M：Yeah!
W：Oh, my God! I can't believe this! Pulp Fiction is my favorite movie of all time， and Kill Bill might be number two.And even my parents liked Jackie Brown. He's, like, A-list famous! He might be the best director of the last twenty years.
M：Do you see now why I'm nervous
W：Yes, I'd be scared out of my mind if I were you. But this will be good for your career.Hey, there is something that I still don't understand.
M：What
W：Why on earth did Quentin Tarantino agree to do an interview for your magazine, Trevor
M：What's that supposed to mean
W：Um...never mind. Good luck down there! Get a good night's sleep tonight because Saturday will be the biggest day of your life！
(Text 10)
M：Hi, everyone! Welcome to my blog.Here is the message I promised you. Last weekend we were taken around London in a bus. It was fantastic.I saw Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament, the lions in Trafalgar Square, Tower Bridge and the Tower of London. I liked the Tower of London best because it is a thousand years old. We also went to see all the famous wax figures at Madame Tussaud's.That was good fun. Jean Louis took a photograph of me standing next to Queen Elizabeth the Second. Tomorrow we're going to Stratford on Avon where Shakespeare was born. And we're going to see one of his plays. It's called Hamlet. There are three theaters in Stratford and we are going to see it in the Royal Shakespeare Theater.Our teacher told us the houses in Stratford are about five hundred years old and the countryside is beautiful, so I'll take lots of photos to show you.
第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Foods of the Future
We asked young scientists to write an advertisement that answers this question: How will food options, food availability, and individuals' food choices change in the future A selection of their suggested marketing campaigns is below. Read previous NextGen Voices survey results at http：//science.sciencemag.org/collection/nextgen-voices.—Jennifer Sills
Personalized Meal Plans
Send us your DNA, and we will predict your food preferences! Receive your personalized food basket, with a day-by-day diet program. We will send you full meals and personalized smoothies (水果奶昔) based on your genetic taste tendency.
Ada Gabriela Blidner
Twitter：@adagbb
Fresh Fruit
If you miss sweet temperate fruits, welcome to our Moon Farm. Our fruit trees are planted in hybrid—soil and artificial air that reproduce Earth's environment from 5，000 years ago. Pick fruits with your family or ship to your doorstep with MoonEx. Freshness guaranteed.
Yongsheng Ji
Email: jiyongshengkey@
Meat
Our steaks are sourced from natural grasslands, where cattle now fill the ecological roles. With FoodFootprint feeding system, we enhance natural grazing (放牧) to improve animal growth effectively while minimizing methane production and water consumption. At only $219.00/kg (including carbon taxes and ecological taxes), our steaks are affordable for the whole family.
Falko Buschke
Email: falko.buschke@
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章提供了未来食物选择的几个营销活动，以供人们做出选择。21. Which of the following needs you to provide the information of your genes
A．Meat.
B．Fresh Fruit.
C．NextGen Voices.
D．Personalized Meal Plans.
D　解析： 细节理解题。根据Personalized Meal Plans部分中的“Send us your DNA, and we will predict your food preferences！”可知，这个营销活动需要你提供自己的DNA，然后其根据DNA信息将预测出你的食物偏好。
22. Who should you contact if you want to have fun with your family
A．Jennifer Sills.
B．Yongsheng Ji.
C．Falko Buschke.
D．Ada Gabriela Blidner.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据Fresh Fruit部分中的“Pick fruits with your family”可知，参加这个营销活动可以与家人一起享受采摘水果的快乐，该营销活动提供的联系人是Yongsheng Ji。
23. Which of the following best describes the steaks in Meat
A．Fresh.　　　　 B．Green.
C．Expensive. D．Personalized.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据Meat部分中的“Our steaks are sourced from natural grasslands, where cattle now fill the ecological roles.”可知，这个营销活动的牛排来自天然草原，那里的牛吃着原生态的草。因此，这个营销活动的牛排是绿色无污染的。
B
I was walking into the office yesterday，minding my own business，when all of a sudden I turned the corner and there it was, sitting on my chair.“Oh, my God，”I said surprisedly，“Zucchini(西葫芦).”“Isn't that nice？”said Rachel，my workmate.“Somebody left zucchini for everyone！”
Have you ever noticed how somebody actually gives you zucchini？At least, not in the same way they give you corn or apples or tomatoes.I mean，if someone wants to give you a few fresh, juicy peaches off their tree, they walk right up and hand them to you. You'll be pleased.It seems that they have confidence you will like their gift.But with zucchini，they left it and went away.No note.No calling card.I thought zucchini is the abandoned orphan (被遗弃的孤儿) of the vegetable kingdom.
“Yeah，it's nice，”I said.“Who should we thank for this gift？”“I don't know，”Rachel said.“You know how it is with zucchini.”Of course I do.Nobody actually grows it.At least，not on purpose.It just grows like weeds.
“So what are you going to do with yours？”I asked.“I'll just do what I always do with zucchini，”she said.
This morning I stepped into my office area carefully，afraid of what might be there waiting for me.There was a piece of bread in a white box sitting on my desk.I picked it up.It smelled wonderful.I took a bite.It tasted wonderful.
“Who made the banana bread？”I asked.Rachel said，“It isn't banana bread.It's zucchini bread.”I stopped chewing.“It's delicious！But I hate zucchini.”
“So do I，”Rachel admitted.“But a few years ago I found this great way to cook zucchini bread，and now I actually look forward to zucchini season.”
I took another bite of the bread.I couldn't help wondering：“How could anything so tasty come from something so distasteful？”
“It's a fact of life，”Rachel said.“You mix effort with creativity and you can turn almost anything around.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者一开始并不喜欢西葫芦，但发现用西葫芦做出的面包很美味。这说明了在生活中，我们可以通过努力和创造使原本不如意的事情得到改善。
24．What happened to the author yesterday
A．She found zucchini on her office chair.
B．She shared vegetables with her workmates.
C．She made zucchini bread for Rachel.
D．She harvested the tomatoes she grew.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句中的Zucchini可知，作者在她办公室的椅子上发现了西葫芦。
25．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．The author's thoughts on zucchini.
B．A discussion between workmates.
C．The way of making zucchini bread.
D．The author's earlier memory of zucchini.
A　解析：段落大意题。根据第二段最后一句“I thought zucchini is the abandoned orphan of the vegetable kingdom.”可知，本段主要讲的是作者对西葫芦的看法。
26．What did the author think of the zucchini bread
A．Traditional.　　 B．Unhealthy.
C．Wonderful. D．Ordinary.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“It's delicious！”可知，作者认为西葫芦面包味道很可口。
27．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce ways of making zucchini bread.
B．To teach readers how to grow zucchini.
C．To encourage people to work hard.
D．To show readers a fine view of life.
D　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者通过自己一开始不喜欢西葫芦，到后来喜欢吃西葫芦面包这件事，借雷切尔之口说明了将努力和创造力结合起来就能改变一切，因此，本文旨在告诉读者一条生活哲理。
C
People tend to connect to their cultural or ethnic group through similar food patterns.Immigrants often use food as a means of maintaining their cultural identity.People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods.The ingredients, methods of preparation, preservation techniques (技巧), and types of food eaten at different mealtimes vary among cultures.The areas in which families live and where their ancestors originated influence food likes and dislikes.These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.
Nations or countries are frequently associated with certain foods. For example, many people associate Italy with pizza and pasta (意大利面食).Yet Italians eat many other foods, and types of pasta dishes vary throughout Italy.Methods of preparation and types of food in a nation vary by region. Some families in the United States prefer to eat “meat and potatoes”， but “meat and potatoes” are not eaten on a regular basis, nor even preferred, by many in the United States and would not be labeled a national cuisine.
Regional food habits do exist, but they also change over time.As people immigrate, food practices and preferences are imported and exported.Families move to other locations, bringing their food preferences with them.They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes.In addition, food itself is imported from other countries.Approximately (大约) 80 percent of Samoa's food requirements are imported from the United States, New Zealand, or Australia.Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccurate.
Even the role of conversation during mealtime varies from place to place.Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to catch__up__on the lives of family and friends. Among other families, conversation during a meal is acceptable, but the topics of conversation are limited. In some Southeast Asian countries, it is considered polite to limit conversation during a meal.
Food traditions vary widely throughout the world. However, in most parts of the world, food is associated with hospitality (好客) and expression of friendship.Therefore, sensitivity to food rules and customs is important in building and strengthening cross-cultural relationships.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。不同种族、不同背景的人有不同的饮食文化。
28．What can be learned about Italians' eating habits
A．They differ from region to region.
B．They center on meat and potatoes.
C．They mainly consist of pizza and pasta.
D．They are similar to American eating habits.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Yet Italians eat many other foods...types of food in a nation vary by region.”可知，意大利的不同地区的饮食习惯各不相同。
29．What is the author trying to reveal with the example of Samoa
A．People are forming new food preferences.
B．People can't be simply defined by their food.
C．People don't have the same food requirements.
D.People are developing a liking for international food.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because people and food are mobile...by what they eat are often inaccurate.”可知，作者举萨摩亚食物进口的例子是为了说明人们不能单纯以饮食定义一个国家或种族。
30．What does the underlined part “catch up on” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Learn about.
B．Make up for.
C．Continue with.
D．Make a difference to.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“conversation during a meal is acceptable”可知，此处指吃饭的时候与家人和朋友交流以了解他们的近况。
31．What advice is given in the last paragraph
A.Expression of friendship should be appropriate.
B.Awareness of food cultures should be developed.
C．Cross-cultural relationships should be built continually.
D．Food traditions should be passed on from generation to generation.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为饮食是建立友谊的桥梁，所以我们要培养饮食文化意识，了解不同的饮食文化。
D
We live in a sweet world. The average American kid consumes more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isn't good for us. But did we know it could be dangerous A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to conduct a study on the negative effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on people's health.
Sugar is found not only in sweets, but also in many other items like bread and noodles.
During the 58-week-long study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice produced 25% fewer offspring (幼崽) than the other mice.
Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic (基因) structure to humans. “Since most substances that are dangerous for mice are also dangerous for people, it's likely that those physical problems that cause those mice to have increased deaths also work in people，” says James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study reveal negative effects that are not as noticeable as heart problems. Sugar can contribute to long-term changes in the body that can affect development and even shorten lives.
Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nation's sugar desire will provide a truly sweeter future.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。最近美国犹他大学的研究者发现，摄入过多的糖分有害健康。
32．What did the study conducted by researchers aim at
A．Learning about the advantages and disadvantages of sugar.
B．Learning about the negative effects of sugar on people's health.
C．Learning about the genetic structure of mice.
D．Learning about Americans' eating habit.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A team of researchers...have serious effects on people's health.”可知，研究者们是为了了解糖分对人体健康造成的负面影响。
33．According to the study, which of the following statements is WRONG
A．Sugar can even shorten lives.
B．Sugar's negative effects are not noticeable.
C．Eating sugar can make mice put on weight and get high blood pressure.
D．Mice are more likely to die when fed a diet containing 25% more sugar.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，吃糖不一定会使老鼠的体重增加或引起高血压，所以C项表述不正确。
34．What can we infer from the passage
A．Sugar plays a very important role in Americans' diet.
B．Kids consume more sugar than adults in America.
C．Sugar contributes to high blood pressure.
D．The genetic structure of mice is totally different from that of people.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及最后一段第一句可推知，糖在美国人的饮食中起着非常重要的作用。
35．What's the best title for the passage
A．Living a Sweet Life
B．Kids Consume Much More Sugar
C．Genetic Structure of Humans
D．Danger of Too Much Sugar
D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了最近美国犹他大学的最新研究成果：摄入过多的糖分有害健康。D项概括了文章主旨，最适合作文章标题。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Food is part of who we are. We all need it, survive because of it and derive happiness from it. So if food matters so much, why do we let so much of it go rotten in our fridges, or get thrown out in our stores Sadly, we love food, but we don't take care of it. 36.________ Here are ways to help us love our food better and grow respect for the world behind what we eat．
·Reduce your food waste.
Buy only the food you need, store food wisely, donate excess and turn leftover food into the next day's meals. When we waste food, all the resources used for growing, processing, transporting and marketing that food are wasted too.37.________
·Support your local food producers.
Chefs get awards, stars and recognition for their creations. But what about our farmers 38.________ Shop at your local markets and get to know your farmers. Giving them your business is giving them your recognition and respect.
·Adopt a healthier, more sustainable diet.
39．________ We get energy and maintain health from good food. We normally don't care the power that food and nutrition have over our bodies. Too much of it or too much of only one kind of it, can lead to obesity, deficiencies or diet—related diseases.
·40.________
By treating each meal with pride, we respect the farmers who produced it, and the resources that went into it. Respect can be passed on. Talk to the people around and to the next generation about making informed, healthy and sustainable food choices.
Respecting food means appreciating the back-story of food. When we know the full picture, it is easier to see what our food really stands for and how precious it really is.
A. Have a conversation.
B．Learn where food comes from.
C．Our bodies consume calories and nutrients.
D.For many people on the planet, food is giving.
E．Food is so much more than what is on our plates.
F．One third of all food produced globally is lost or wasted.
G．Without them, we wouldn't have the fresh food we need on a daily basis.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了可以帮助我们更好地爱惜我们的食物，并培养我们对所吃食物背后的世界的尊重的几个方法。
36. F　解析： 上文“Sadly, we love food, but we don't take care of it.”提到我们并不珍惜食物，空处应是再次用实例证实这一观点，以增加可信度。选项F用数字举例的方式对上文观点进行了例证，符合语境。
37．E　解析： 根据上文“When we waste food...are wasted too.”可知，浪费食物所带来的是一系列的浪费，空处应总结强调食物的意义。选项E概括了上文提及的“all the resources...transporting and marketing”，上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
38．G　解析： 根据该段小标题可知，该段强调支持食品生产者；且上文“But what about our farmers？”提到农民，由此可推知，空处应解释农民的重要性。选项G用双重否定句强调了农民的重要性，符合语境。
39. C　解析： 根据该段小标题可知，该段强调健康饮食，空处为段首句，应进一步解释为何应健康饮食。选项C提出身体需要消耗热量和营养，健康的饮食才能给予这些营养，且选项中的calories、nutrients呼应下文中的energy，上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
40. A　解析：空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Talk to the people...sustainable food choices.”可知，该段强调与人谈论明智、健康和可持续的饮食，因此，空处应突出核心词汇“谈论”。选项A与下文中的Talk to相呼应，概括主题，符合语境。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we __41__ there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike __42__ its way down the hill toward us. It was neighbor called Mario, coming to __43__ us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice __44__ for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, __45__ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label on it. These can't be any __46__， we thought. But we were thankful for his kindness, so we __47__ them.
What we discovered is that it's __48__ to judge what you eat only by its appearance. Those tomatoes had __49__ that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes __50__ perfect but taste of water. Nobody's going to have a __51__ memory of those. It's a surprise they haven't managed to grow square ones so that they can __52__ them easily. Mario's wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was __53__．
It's good to eat things at the correct time, when they're __54__， and as close as possible to where they were grown. What Mario had __55__ us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的邻居马里奥送来的西红柿外观差，酒也浑浊，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，这让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。
41．A.waited　　　 B．met
C．camped D．stayed
D　解析：根据上文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住(stay)在那里。
42．A.making B．searching
C．squeezing D．feeling
A　解析：根据下文中的“It was neighbor called Mario...some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，邻居骑摩托车来给我们送东西。make one's way，意为“前往”，为固定搭配。
43．A.lend B．send
C．bring D．show
C　解析：根据下文中的“It was a very nice ______ for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来(bring)一个盒子。
44．A.choice B．comment
C．promise D．gesture
D　解析：根据上文中的“It was neighbor called Mario...some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和一瓶酒，这是善意的表示(gesture)。
45．A.simple B．real
C．shiny D．fun
C　解析：根据上文中的“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，这些西红柿根本不像超市里买到的那样外表好、圆润、有光泽(shiny)。
46．A.more B．good
C．new D．easy
B　解析：根据上文中的“And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label on it.”可知，作者一家认为这些酒都不可能好(good)。
47．A.tried B．sold
C．returned D．mixed
A　解析：根据下文中的“Those tomatoes had...grow when I was a child.”可推知，他们是尝试(try)了。
48．A.unnecessary B．uncertain
C．unwise D．unusual
C　解析：作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿并不圆润，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿更好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的(unwise)。
49．A.size B．shape
C．color D．taste
D　解析：根据下文中的“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ______ perfect but taste of water.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道(taste)让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。
50．A.smell B．look
C．become D．work
B　解析：根据上文中的“not at all like the nice, round, ______ things you get in a supermarket”可知，超市的西红柿看起来(look)很完美。
51．A.happy B．vivid
C．short D．vague
A　解析：根据上文中的“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ______ perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有人对那些有快乐的(happy)记忆。
52．A.clean B．check
C．count D．pack
D　解析：根据上文中的“It's a surprise they haven't managed to grow square ones”并结合常识可知，方形的东西易包装(pack)。
53．A.perfect B．useful
C．convenient D．familiar
A　解析：根据上文中的“Mario's wine may...an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处应是马里奥的酒可能是浑浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里倒出来的，但它是完美的(perfect)。
54．A.on view B．on sale
C．in season D．in need
C　解析：根据上文中的“It's good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季(in season)，吃当季的食物口感是最好的。
55．A.cooked B．given
C．bought D．told
B　解析：根据上文中的“It was neighbor called Mario...some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，此处应是马里奥给(give)作者一家的西红柿和酒。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station 56.____________ (make) the universe's first-ever space-baked cookies. The cookies mark a first in space cookery. They are the very first kind of food baked in space from raw ingredients. Astronauts' food is 57.____________(general) pre-made on Earth. The food, 58.____________is dehydrated (脱水的) or pre-packaged, is warmed up on the space station. The astronauts said eating freshly baked food will make 59.__________(they) happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting reminder of home. This will be important for astronauts 60.______________(go) to the moon or on the long journey to Mars.
Baking the space cookies was not as straightforward 61.____________ the astronauts thought it would be. On Earth, cookies take about 20 minutes to bake in an oven (烤箱) 62.______________ (heat) to 150℃. That was not long enough in space. The first cookie came out totally undercooked. The space bakers turned up the oven's temperature and baked the dough for longer until they were 63.______________(success). And in the end, 64.______________ took about 130 minutes to bake the fifth cookie. But the big question is—how do they taste No one knows yet. The space-baked cookies are now in a laboratory in Texas. Scientists will test the cookies to see if they are safe 65.____________ (eat).
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员第一次在太空中烤制出了饼干。
56．have made　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文的So far可知，应用现在完成时，又因为主语是astronauts，空处应用have made。
57．generally　解析：考查副词。空处作状语，表示“通常”，应用副词形式。
58．which　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代food，且在从句中作主语，应用which。
59．them　解析：考查代词。空处作make的宾语，应用宾格。
60．going　解析：考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰astronauts，且astronauts与go之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。
61．as　解析：考查固定搭配。“ (not) as...as...”意为“(不)像……一样……”。
62．heated　解析：考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰oven，且heat与oven之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。
63．successful　解析：考查形容词。空处作表语，意为“成功的”，应用形容词形式。
64．it　解析：考查形式主语。空处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。
65．to eat　解析：考查动词不定式。此处为动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友皮特(Peter)说喜欢中国的美食，尤其想品尝中国的火锅，请你给他写一封信介绍火锅这一中国传统饮食。
1.火锅在中国很受人们欢迎；
2.怎样制作火锅；
3.发出邀请。
要求：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to learn that you want to taste Chinese hotpot.Here I'll introduce it to you.
Hotpot is popular with Chinese people, especially in winter.Whenever you come to China, you can find people eating hotpots everywhere.It is very convenient for people to make a hotpot.Usually a metal pot is fixed in the middle of the table.When the soup in the pot is boiling, dishes such as meat, fish and vegetables, are put into the pot.After a while, you can enjoy the delicious dishes.
I sincerely invite you to come to taste Chinese hotpot.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A GIFT FOR GRANDPA
Summer vacation was coming. Jack and his brother Berlin were filled with excitement as they thought of visiting their grandparents again.
The big day came at last. After the happy family got ready, they set out for the grandparents' eagerly. On the way, the brothers were excitedly talking about the fun they had with grandparents.
A little blue house with a tall white chimney finally appeared. Behind the property was the forest carrying their good memories with Grandpa. They arrived at the driveway, at the end of which Grandma was waiting for them joyfully.
Jack and Berlin each gave Grandma a big hug and then swept to the living room, shouting excitedly “Grandpa, we are back！”
Seeing his grandsons, Grandpa was wild with joy and tried to get up with all his strength from the chair but in vain. A helpless expression flashed on his face. Grandma explained that his health was declining rapidly and maybe couldn't stand up on his own forever. But Grandpa declared stubbornly (倔强地), “I can！” Certainly, he was stuck in his boyish way. Mum and grandparents were happy to meet again after a long time. They sat together and chatted about what happened recently.
The brothers were soon bored with adult conversation, went out and wandered into the forest. Tall trees stretched up to the heavens with large branches crossing each other, while young ones rose straight like soldiers. Grandpa was once a great explorer full of wisdom. He could tell where the birds came from only by their calls and songs. The trees, birds, lizards, lots of bugs...How many merry moments they spent with Grandpa in the kingdom!
But now Grandpa couldn't get up. This made them worried. “We'd think out a way to cheer him up.” Jack said. “Grandpa is a bird lover, and we can catch him a bird.” Berlin suggested. “But he hates birds being caged！” Jack shook his head.
Then a bright idea came to Jack's mind. “Why not make a cane (拐杖) out of a young tree！”
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Berlin thought it was a good idea.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Berlin thought it was a good idea. When the two brothers reached an agreement, they quickly ran back to their grandfather's house, got the tools they needed to make the cane, and ran back to the woods. Jack said, “What kind of tree should we pick for the walking stick？” Berlin thought for a moment and said, “I think we should choose a straight tree, so no knots will scratch grandpa's hands.” Jack nodded his head in agreement. They found a straight tree and set to work. They cut the tree down, and with a knife they took the bark off. It was a wonderful tree, which was smooth and was just of the right size. They thought grandpa would love it.
Jack and Berlin handed the cane to Grandpa. When grandpa took the cane, his hands shook with joy, thinking, “This is made by my grandsons themselves. How precious it is！” Jack said, “Grandpa, we hope this cane will help you stand up and come with us to explore the woods.” Grandpa smiled and decided to give it a try so as not to make his grandchildren disappointed. He held the cane in his right hand and the arm of his chair in his left hand. He stood up with strength on his legs. Everyone was surprised and excited to see grandpa stand up. At that moment, Jack noticed a tear coming from the corner of his grandfather's eye.INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．The library contains many popular works of reference(refer).
2．Studies indicate that confident people tend to be healthier due to the positive effects of emotion associated(associate) with happiness and satisfaction.
3．Being back with their family should provide emotional(emotion) stability for the children.
4．The Red Cross has sent four trucks of relief (relieve) supplies to the flood-stricken areas.
5．They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security(secure).
6．The new drug, in combination(combine) with traditional therapy, has shown promising results in treating the disease.
7．Prior to leaving for France, he has been exposed to various(vary) traditional French cultures.
8．Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested(digest).
9．They gave her a lot of salty(salt) water to make her vomit.
10. The creamy(cream) white flowers are attractive in the spring.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．I'm more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family. It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
2．(人教选必一U2)Care will also be taken to combine the building and surrounding architecture together to form an effective system.
3．In other words, to maintain self, to face the reality, not greedy for profit.
4．You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance, making(make) it easy for you to adapt to the new life in Beijing.
5．When we are under stress, our body tends to tense up.
6．When it comes to Chengdu, the first thing that comes to your mind is pandas, which are native to Sichuan.
7．A nice surprise from a friend can put you in a good mood for the whole day.
8．People often associate China with the Great Wall.
9．The prices of some goods vary with the season, which is known to every businessman.
10．This company is crying out for fresh new talent.
维度三　完成句子
1．我很荣幸被邀请在贵校毕业典礼上发表演讲。
It__is__an__honour__for__me__to__be__invited__to__your__school__and__deliver__my__speech at the graduation ceremony in your school.
2．令我感到欣慰的是，他们说英语，所以至少我们可以互相交流。
To__my__relief,__they spoke English, so at least we could communicate with each other.
3．我想要预订一间窗户朝向大海的房间。
I'd like to reserve a room whose__window__looks__out__over__the__sea．
4．我无论什么时候遇到问题，都会向更有经验的编织者寻求帮助。
No__matter__when__I__encountered__a__problem,__I would seek help from more experienced knitters.
5．公共汽车被暴风雪耽搁了，导致了延误。
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing__the__delay．
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自人教选必二U3】
There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
1．What do we know about fatty food from paragraph 1
A．Fatty food is even more dangerous than sugar and other nutrients.
B．People taking in too much fatty food have a higher risk of getting heart disease.
C．Taking too much fatty food displays no influences on health.
D．Whether fatty food is dangerous or not is still highly debatable.
2．What is the main cause of ill health
A．Taking too much sugar.
B．Eating too much fat.
C．Having too many calories.
D．Taking less exercise.
3．In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A．By eating extra desserts.
B．By overeating each meal.
C．Through vegetables and sweets.
D．Through sweets and sweet drinks.
4．According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT a healthy habit
A.Consuming different kinds of fresh foods instead of processed foods.
B．Keeping a balance on different nutrients from the foods.
C.Processed foods containing diverse nutrients are also acceptable.
D．Having some protein-rich foods like meat，beans or dairy products.
答案：1～4.DADC
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It seems that the era of fancy, well-known restaurants has ended as people are now more interested in finding which hole-in-the-wall restaurant (苍蝇小馆) has the best food. Nowadays, it's more fulfilling to post hole-in-the-wall restaurants you have found on social media and be asked for addresses in the comment section.
Hole-in-the-wall restaurants are small restaurants that are not highly decorated but have many delicious local dishes. Though they have long served as the “canteen” of their surrounding neighborhoods, these hole-in-the-wall restaurants have gradually retreated from the busy streets as more high-rise structures are built.
Now, hole-in-the-wall restaurants are often found in the corners of small lanes and alleys in different parts of a city and the most popular ones usually have a history of more than 10 years and are run as family businesses.
Many hole-in-the-wall restaurant lovers desire a more natural lifestyle, with some viewing their dining habits as a protest against consumerism. A native of Wuhan surnamed Tian appreciates that these humble diners cook food with care. In contrast, some internet-famous restaurants only use pre-made food or simply stir-fry their dishes, she complained. This results in the foods having similar tastes.
A university student surnamed Zhou tried a hole-in-the-wall restaurant with her boyfriend after friends recommended it to her. She ordered three dishes, which only cost 64 yuan. “The food tastes good, and it's cheap，” she said.
Still, there are risks for both owners and fans of hole-in-the-wall restaurants. A professor at Hubei University of Economics, said that due to limitations in funds and management as well as lack of food safety awareness, there could be hygiene and food security issues at these locations.
To solve these problems, the professor suggested that the government provide training and more support for these restaurants. These restaurants should also improve their quality of service.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。如今人们更倾向于寻找不起眼但美味的苍蝇小馆，这些小餐馆因其独特的本地美食和亲民的价格受到欢迎，不过也存在一些卫生和食品安全问题，有待进一步解决。
1．What do we know about the hole-in-the-wall restaurants
A．They are often run as family businesses in the back lanes and alleys.
B．Pre-made food or simply stir-fried dishes are highly recommended there.
C.Customers can appreciate a natural and overdecorated lifestyle there.
D.Delicious and costly local specialities are served in those humble diners.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，苍蝇小馆通常以家族企业的形式在背街小巷和胡同巷里经营。
2．According to the professor at Hubei University of Economics, what is NOT one of the causes of the risks
A．Limitations in funds.
B．Imperfect management.
C．Off-the-map locations.
D．Lack of safety awareness.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A professor...food security issues at these locations.”可知，地图上未标记位置并不是造成风险的原因之一。
3．What is the author's attitude to the hole-in-the-wall restaurants
A．Approving. B．Skeptical.
C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.
C　解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者在文章中对苍蝇小馆的态度是中立的，主要是描述现象和分析问题，没有表现出明显的赞同或反对。
4．In which column do we probably find the passage
A．Economy. B．Cuisine.
C．Security. D．Management.
B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“It seems that the era of fancy...hole-in-the-wall restaurant has the best food.”可知，文章围绕苍蝇小馆展开。因此，文章主要和饮食相关，应该选自“菜肴”专栏。
B
(2025·临沂河东区期中) Is modern fruit cultivated to be sweeter than in the past The short answer is yes, though the longer answer is more complicated. Some of the most powerful evidence that fruit is sweeter than before comes from zoos.
In 2018, it was reported that Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because cultivated fruit was so sweet that it was causing tooth decay (蛀牙) and weight gain. The monkeys at the zoo were provided with a lower-sugar vegetable-based diet instead of bananas.
Among fruit cultivators, the word “quality” is now routinely used as an equal for “high in sugar” (though firmness, color and size are also considerations). In 2010, in an article looking at ways to enhance the sweetness of fruit using “molecular (分子的) approaches”， a group of plant scientists of the Republic of Korea wrote that “in general, the sugar content” of many fruits is now higher than before “owing to continuous selection and breeding”. Modern apple varieties, the scientists noted, were on average sweeter than older ones.
Cultivation isn't the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter; there's also climate change. Research from Japan found that since the 1970s, with rising temperatures, Fuji apples (which were already a sweet variety) have become significantly sweeter and softer. The lead researcher, Toshihoko Sugiura, said that “if you could taste an apple harvested 30 years ago, you would feel the difference”．
It is sometimes claimed that the sweetness of modern fruit is not due to higher sugar content so much as the fact that the bitterness and sourness of wild fruit have been steadily cultivated out of it. There's a grain—but only a grain—of truth in this. Studies of wild apples do indeed suggest that some ancient varieties were just as high in sugar as a modern Pink Lady or Honeycrisp. The difference is that there was much wider variation in sugar content across wild apples, whereas the modern supermarket apple seldom drops below a certain level of sweetness.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代农业技术使得水果比以前更甜。
5．Why did Melbourne Zoo stop giving fruit to most of its animals
A．The animals preferred a vegetable-based diet.
B．Modern fruit did great harm to animals' teeth.
C．The sugar content of modern fruit is lower than before.
D．The flavor of modern fruit was not good for the animals.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, it was reported that Melbourne Zoo...it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.”可知，现代水果对动物的牙齿有很大的危害，因此动物园停止了给动物供应水果。
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．The sugar content is not breeders' first priority.
B．Sweeter fruits are just a result of natural selection.
C．The sweetness of modern apples is equal to the average of older ones.
D．Molecular approaches are adopted to add the sweetness of modern fruit.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2010, in an article...using ‘molecular approaches’”可知，现代水果采用分子方法来提高甜度。
7．What do studies of wild apples in the last paragraph suggest
A．Apples of old species tasted less sweet.
B．The sugar content of wild apples varied greatly.
C．The sweetness of modern apples is of the same level.
D．Fruit is sweet because bitterness in it has disappeared.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The difference is that there...apple seldom drops below a certain level of sweetness.” 可知，野生苹果的含糖量变化很大。
8．What's the best title for this passage
A．Modern or Old: Which Is Better
B．Modern Fruit: Sweetness Is Quality
C．Fruit Is Sweeter: It's Not a Misconception
D．Melbourne Zoo: Animals Stop Eating Fruits
C　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并通读全文可知，文章介绍了现代农业技术使得水果比以前更甜。C项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·浏阳期中)Most Americans love Chinese food. However, the Chinese food served in most American restaurants is very different from the authentic cuisine enjoyed daily by people living in China. 1.________ Then many Chinese immigrants had trouble landing a job in America. To make a living, some of them opened restaurants. Over these years, Chinese cuisine has been adapted to reflect Western influences.
2．________ The Chinese food found in Western restaurants is mainly cooked through frying. Many dishes are cooked using various frying methods. However, traditional Chinese food is rarely cooked through frying. Instead, methods such as baking, steaming, boiling and fermenting (发酵) are more commonly used.
Another big difference between authentic and westernized Chinese food is the ingredients used. 3.________ Some ingredients—like carrots, onions and tomatoes—are not often used in authentic Chinese cooking. In addition, while you can find some Western cuisines that use strange meats like pig ears, most Western cultures are pretty conservative about the meats they consume. Authentic Chinese food, in contrast, uses a wider variety of protein sources, including tofu, snake, chicken feet, duck blood and many more that Westerners generally wouldn't choose to eat.
4．________ Sweet and Sour Chicken, for example, has no equivalent (同等物) in traditional Chinese cuisine. Similarly, the fortune cookie is a completely American invention.
Indeed, there are numerous differences between authentic and westernized Chinese cuisine, but Western palates (味觉) adapt to new flavors easily. 5.________
A.The history of westernized Chinese food started in the mid-1800s.
B．Westernized Chinese food features vegetables that are common in Western cuisines.
C.There are so many regions of China, and they all prepare their dishes a little bit differently.
D．So it may only be a matter of time before authentic Chinese food becomes popular in America.
E．Many of the most popular Chinese dishes in the West are not served in Chinese restaurants at all.
F．Deep frying food is quick, which is why you can usually get your Chinese food in just a few minutes.
G．One of the main differences between authentic and westernized Chinese food lies in cooking methods.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西化的中餐和传统中餐的不同之处。
1．A　解析：根据空后内容可知，那个时候中国移民开始开餐馆，A项提到了19世纪中期这个时间，和空后时间段相互呼应，符合语境。
2．G　解析：空后内容说明了西餐厅里的中餐和传统的中餐的烹饪方法是不同的，G项引起下文，符合语境。
3．B　解析：空前一句为本段主旨句，说明了正宗的中餐和西化的中餐的另一大区别是所用的食材。由此可知，空处内容应与食材有关，B项说明的是西化的中餐中蔬菜的选择，符合语境。
4．E　解析：空后内容说明了有的西化的中餐在传统中餐中不存在，E项引起下文，符合语境。
5．D　解析：空前内容说明西方人很容易适应新口味，由此可推知，正宗的中餐早晚会在国外受欢迎，D项承接上文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·菏泽期中)My mom is a very skilled cook, but she didn't have the time to __1__ it the way I did when she was young. Mom was the first woman in her family to __2__ outside the house, but that did not mean that her __3__ at home diminished (减少).
Mom got up early and prepared breakfast for a big family, all before 7：30 a．m., after which she would run to work. She would __4__ at 5 p.m., after which she would be busy with dinner, dishes, laying out clothes for the next day. She would fall into bed, __5__ , only to wake up the next morning and repeat the __6__ all over again.
My love for cooking __7__ when I was homesick in England, and the food of homeland made me feel __8__ to my family. My mom is living with me now. I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world because I __9__ cooking food that I have never known before. Mom's recipes (食谱) were all handed down from her parents. Mom is unhappy when she sees me __10__ anything that she considers useful. She tells me that __11__ food makes her feel ill. I know she is right and decide to change my __12__， considering her __13__—she grew up in a small village in India.
Though we have __14__ styles of cooking, I like staying in the kitchen with my mother. We are friends now and I __15__ my relationship with this amazing woman.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与母亲之间与烹饪相关的经历和情感联系。
1．A.admire　　　 B．enjoy
C．share D．learn
B　解析：根据下文内容可知，妈妈要做很多工作，所以是不能享受(enjoy)烹饪的乐趣。
2．A.work B．search
C．practice D．travel
A　解析：根据下文“after which she would run to work”可知，妈妈是家里第一个外出工作(work)的女人。
3．A.difficulties B．suggestions
C．excuses D．responsibilities
D　解析：根据下文“Mom got up early...all before 7：30 a．m.”以及“after which she would be busy with...for the next day”可知，妈妈要为家里做很多事，所以外出工作并不意味着她在家里的责任(responsibility)减少了。
4.A.train B．pack
C．return D．call
C　解析：根据上文“after which she would run to work”以及下文“after which she would be busy with dinner”可知，上文说妈妈去工作，下文说准备晚餐，所以应是在下午5点下班回来(return)。
5．A.anxious B．annoyed
C．awkward D．tired
D　解析：根据上文“Mom got up early...for the next day.”可知，妈妈一天的工作非常多，所以是疲倦的(tired)。
6．A.schedule B．question
C．method D．mistake
A　解析：根据上文的repeat和下文的all over again可知，应是重复前一天的日程(schedule)。
7．A.continued B．mattered
C．changed D．began
D　解析：根据下文“when I was homesick in England”可知，作者在英国想家的时候，开始(begin)了对烹饪的热爱，因为家乡的食物让作者觉得和家人更亲近(close)。
8．A.open B．important
C．close D．convenient
C　解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.stop B．like
C．avoid D．finish
B　解析：根据上文My love for cooking可知，作者喜欢烹饪，所以此处是喜欢(like)烹饪她以前从不知道的食物。
10．A.looking for B．cutting out
C．throwing away D．noting down
C　解析：根据上文“Mom is unhappy”和下文“that she considers useful”并结合选项可知，应是“扔掉(throw away)她认为有用的东西时，她很不高兴”。
11．A.serving B．choosing
C．preparing D．wasting
D　解析：根据上文“Mom is unhappy when she sees me______anything that she considers useful.”可知，妈妈对作者扔掉她认为有用的东西，也就是浪费(waste)食物感到不舒服。
12．A.behavior B．job
C．mind D．lifestyle
A　解析：根据上文“I know she is right”可知，作者觉得妈妈是对的，所以应是改变自己的行为(behavior)。
13．A.age B．personality
C．background D．progress
C　解析：根据下文“she grew up in a small village in India”可知，这是妈妈的背景(background)。
14．A.simple B．different
C．unique D．traditional
B　解析：根据上文“I have a lot of cookbooks from all over the world...Mom's recipes were all handed down from her parents.”可知，她们有不同的(different)烹饪风格。
15．A.treasure B．understand
C．manage D．examine
A　解析：根据上文“We are friends now”可知，作者和妈妈是朋友了，所以应是珍惜(treasure)和这个了不起的女人的关系。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课后巩固多维提能.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
维度一　单句语法填空
1．To help others is to__help(help) ourselves, so don't hesitate to offer your help when others are in trouble.
2．The goal of the project is to__examine(examine) in detail how tornadoes are formed and the kinds of damage they cause.
3．To__finish(finish) the work on time is the most important thing.
4．The solution was to__plant(plant) trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.
5．What you need is to__tell(tell) them about the difference and believe them.
6．It is not uncommon for people to__dream(dream) themselves inside another dream.
7．Her wish is to__improve(improve) the working condition.
8．How to__cure(cure) this kind of illness is still unknown.
9．To__teach(teach) you the uses of the infinitive is my job today.
10．How to__deal(deal) with such a complicated situation hasn't been known yet.
11．It is our duty to__try(try) our best to deal with these problems.
12．What squirrels can do is (to)__store(store) all kinds of food before the winter comes.
13．There is a famous saying，“To wonder is to__begin(begin) to understand.”
14．The young man is to__be__praised(praise) by the boss at the meeting tomorrow.
15．It's necessary for us to__wear(wear) suitable clothes on every occasion.
16．To take part in sports and recreation is(be) important.
17．My job is to__teach(teach) you English tomorrow.
18．To__look(look) after the safety of the community is his responsibility.
19．It is very interesting to play with snow in winter.
20．To__solve(solve) this annoying problem is really out of the question.
维度二　语法与写作
1．对我而言，要在如此短的时间里完成这项任务是困难的。
It's__hard__for__me__to__finish the task in such a short time.
2．在周五之前完成这项工作没有那么容易。
To__finish the work before Friday is not so easy.
3．我们不帮助他是个错误。
It's__a__mistake__for__us__not__to__help him.
4．何时去完成这项工作是一个问题。
When__to__finish__the__work is a question.
5．人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标和实现它的决心。
The important thing in life is to__have__a__great__aim,__and the determination to attain it.
6．教育的目的是发展儿童的优良品格。
The purpose of education is to__develop__a__fine__personality in children.
7．我今天的工作是打扫房子。
My job is to__clean__the__house today.
8．我的任务是今天下午清洁教室。
My task is to__clean__the__classroom this afternoon.
9．我们想要的是从实践中学习。
What we want is to__learn__from__practice．
10．我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。
It__takes__us__hours__to__do our homework every day.
11．明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。
The students are to__meet__at__the__school__gate tomorrow.
12．我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
What I want to do most in senior high school is (to)__improve__my__English．
维度三　语篇练习
To be kind to difficulty is 1.to__be(be) cruel to yourself.I don't remember who said that.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is 2.to__find (find) out the root of the problem.Then figure out how 3.to__solve(solve) the problem.It is not advisable 4.to__be(be) afraid of difficulties in face of them.Fear of trouble only makes it harder 5.to__move(move) forward.We can take a variety of approaches.One way is 6.to__find(find) someone to talk to.Secondly, a better way is 7.to__look(look) for experienced people to communicate.In addition, the most effective and direct way is 8.to__take(take) immediate action.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·宜昌协作体期中)Farmers are celebrating their rice harvest by singing and dancing on the farm. This is Wanbao Mozambique rice farm, China's largest rice planting project in Africa. Here, if people can speak hello in Chinese, “ni hao”， they most certainly also know another Chinese term Wanbao, the name of a Chinese rice farm project.
Through the fertile (肥沃的) area in south Mozambique, the Limpopo River is flowing into the Indian Ocean in the Xai-Xai district. Benefiting from the vast farmland, a suitable climate, enough water and the support from China, the project is creating a bright future for the people here.
Through cooperative planting methods, Wanbao is helping the local farmers develop successful rice plantations. It not only provides seeds, farm chemicals and fertilizers, but also does land leveling and water pumping (抽水).
To have good harvests, farmers work hard and learn from the Chinese. Now the local farmers' love for farming is growing and they are getting richer and richer.
“I've benefited a lot from the rice farming and learned to produce rice using Chinese technologies on one hectare (公顷) of land，” says a mother of five children. “With the money, I have improved my life a lot. I have built my house and my children are going to school.”
An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice. He is cultivating crops on over 40 hectares. “Thanks to the project, both my children and grandchildren are living a stable life. Now I go to the fields to support the other farmers with teaching. I hope, Wanbao will extend the growing areas to other corners of the country in the future to help fight poverty，” he says.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民发展农业、实现脱贫的故事。
1．Why does the author mention “ni hao” in the first paragraph
A．To show the popularity of the project in Mozambique.
B．To indicate farmers' Chinese language skills.
C．To prove the importance of Chinese in Mozambique.
D．To suggest Chinese is a requirement for working on the farm.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Here, if people can speak hello...a Chinese rice farm project.”可知，凡是能用中文“你好”打招呼的人都会知道“万宝”这个中国水稻种植项目，由此可推知，该项目在莫桑比克非常受欢迎。
2．What can we know about the Wanbao project
A．It plants trees in urban areas.
B．It teaches locals Chinese.
C．It improves the local climate.
D．It offers farming technologies for locals.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I've benefited...using Chinese technologies on one hectare of land”可知，万宝项目给当地人提供了农业技术。
3．What does the underlined word “cultivating” in the last paragraph mean
A．Preparing.　　 B．Growing.
C．Selling. D．Pulling.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“An old farmer is now even teaching other farmers how to grow rice.”和crops on over 40 hectares可推知，这位老农民在40公顷的土地上种植庄稼，cultivate意为“种植”，与grow意思一致。
4．In which section of a website is the passage likely to be found
A．Travel. B．Education.
C．Agriculture. D．Art.
C　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了万宝水稻种植项目帮助莫桑比克人民种植水稻的故事，文章内容与农业有关，所以本文最有可能出自网站上的农业板块。
B
(2025·宁波北仑中学期中) Researchers at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed historical food prices across various food categories and countries globally, looking at the impact of climatic changes on food inflation (通货膨胀) and the potential implications of future climate change. They found that annual food inflation will rise by 3.2 percent per year and overall inflation by 1.18 percent per year by 2035. And all nations will be impacted, while hot regions and summers will see the most significant consequences.
“Looking at over 27，000 observations of historical data, we found that increases in temperatures can increase food prices, particularly in hot regions and seasons，” said Max Kotz, a co-author of the study, “under future climate conditions, these impacts could become large, threatening the price stability commands of central banks, such as the ECB (European Central Bank), which aims to keep inflation below 2 percent.”
The report highlighted how rising or unstable prices endanger human welfare and economic and political stability, pointing to United Nations data showing that the cost-of-living crisis in 2021/22 resulted in 71 million more people falling into poverty globally. The study found that increases in temperatures, particularly in hot regions and during summers, lead to heightened inflation levels, which are more pronounced in lower latitudes (纬度) like Africa and South America. Regions at higher latitudes experience seasonal peaks, mostly in the summer months.
Data showed a 1℃ rise in average monthly temperatures affects prices for nearly a year, similarly to extra rainfall. However, price impacts resulting from extreme drought are only temporary. Researchers examined the extremely hot European summer of 2022, when heat and drought had far-reaching effects on agriculture and the economy. “We estimate that the 2022 summer heat extreme increased food inflation in Europe by about 0.6 percent，” said Kotz.
Researchers claimed that future warming projected for 2035 would multiply the impacts of such extremes by up to 50 percent. These effects are particularly relevant for currency unions with a 2 percent inflation target, such as the Eurozone, and will continue to increase with future global warming.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化对食品通胀的影响以及未来气候变化的潜在影响。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Natural consequences of climate change.
B．The link between food prices and climate.
C．Food prices in hot regions during summers.
D.The impact of food inflation on food prices.
B　解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“looking at the impact of climatic changes ... of future climate change”可知，第一段主要介绍的是关于粮食价格和气候之间的联系。
6．What might the rising prices lead to according to the researchers' report
A．Massive poverty.
B．Human welfare.
C．Environmental crisis.
D．Economic stability.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The report highlighted how rising or unstable...more people falling into poverty globally.”可知，价格持续的增长可能会导致大规模的贫困。
7．Why is the European summer of 2022 mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To give an example of the research findings.
B.To provide reasons for the researchers' doubt.
C．To show practical significance of the research.
D.To state researchers' methods for data analysis.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, price impacts resulting from extreme...on agriculture and the economy.”可知，提到2022年的欧洲夏季是为了举例说明极端干旱对价格的影响只是暂时的这一结论。
8．What is the researchers' attitude toward food inflation
A．Unclear.　　 B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，研究人员认为这样的影响会随着全球气温上升而成倍增强；再根据全文可知，全球变暖会导致全球粮食价格通货膨胀，从而增加人们的生活成本，威胁经济和政治的稳定，对此研究人员是非常关心且担忧的。
C
I really need a snack! Should I eat a banana or a bowl of ice cream Well, ice cream, of course..., but wait. Am I making the right choice
A snack is any food that you eat between meals. Eating a snack isn't a bad thing. But be sure to think about what you're about to put in your stomach! If you want to eat between meals, reach for something healthy. Snacks such as nuts, fruit, low-sugar yogurt and popcorn are good choices. These snacks have important nutrients. Yogurt and nuts, for example, have protein.
Snacks that contain lots of sugar, salt and fat are unhealthy. A sweet candy bar can make you feel energetic when you eat it. But after a while, your body may crash. You may feel uncomfortable or unable to focus on anything. But snacking on healthy food can keep you full of energy through the day.
Not all sugars are bad for you. Fresh fruit has natural sugars that your body needs. But snacks such as candy and chips have added sugars. Your body is in a hurry in digesting (消化) that kind of sugar. Then you get a sugar spike (糖峰值), and shortly after that you may break down. Foods with added sugar also don't have many nutrients.
You need to eat a variety of foods in order to stay healthy. As a result, when you want to eat a snack, be creative! Here is a simple recipe you can try. All you need is some Greek yogurt and some fresh fruit.
1．Cover the bottom of a pan with some parchment paper.
2．Spread some Greek yogurt on the paper.
3．Cut up some fresh fruit. Put it on the yogurt.
4．Put the pan in the freezer until it's totally hard.
5．Take out your frozen treat. Break it into pieces. Then enjoy it with your friends!
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是健康零食以及提供了一份简单的食谱制作健康零食。
9．What is a snack according to the passage
A．The fruit you have after lunch.
B．The food you eat between meals.
C．The ice cream you enjoy at noon.
D．The drink you need in the morning.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A snack is any food that you eat between meals.”可知，零食就是两餐间所吃的食物。
10．What does the underlined word “crash” mean in paragraph 3
A．Get mad.　 B．Stay calm.
C．Meet a decline. D．Have problems.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“You may feel uncomfortable or unable to focus on anything.”可知，你会感觉到不舒服，不能集中精力，因此crash指的是身体会出现问题。
11．What is the result of eating added sugars
A．A sugar spike may come out.
B．Energy will be full through the day.
C．Too many nutrients will get together.
D．The body may digest added sugar slowly.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Then you get a sugar spike, and shortly after that you may break down.”可知，吃添加糖的结果是可能会出现糖峰值。
12．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A health website.
B．A travel brochure.
C．A sports magazine.
D．A medical book.
A　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了健康零食的种类和好处以及不健康零食的种类和弊端。因此本文内容属于健康范畴。由此可推知，本文应该来自一个健康网站。
Ⅱ.七选五
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 1.________ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
2．________ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy, we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 3.________ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4.________ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5.________ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
1．G　解析：空前讲因为各种压力，我们的健康总被忽视，空后讲身体的健康可以帮助我们应对各种疾病。G项承接上文，引出下文，且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合语境。
2．B　解析：根据空后的“We need to be fit to have a．..maintaining the fitness of our body.”可知，健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项概括全段的主要内容，符合语境。
3．D　解析：空前讲我们的身体虽然没有生病，但仍很虚弱，容易被病毒侵入，空后讲生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。D项承接上文，引出下文，且空后的This指代D项中的“we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily”，符合语境。
4．F　解析：空前讲我们应该花时间去健身，空后讲我们应该每天坚持锻炼。F项介绍我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。
5．C　解析：空前讲我们应该保障充足的睡眠，空后讲充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标有好处。C项进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Having Zao Cha，a traditional breakfast tea，1.____________(be) a typical morning activity of Guangdong residents.Rich or poor, young or old, locals will go to a morning tea house either to drink tea or 2.____________(have) dim sum (点心) for breakfast.For them，Zao Cha is not only a 3.____________ (deep) rooted daily habit but also an important way of social 4.____________(communicate).
Guangdong morning tea can be traced back 5.____________over 150 years ago during the Qing Dynasty.At that time, there was a small restaurant in Guangzhou called “Yi Li Pavilion”，6.____________ served tea and dim sum.Later，more and more tea houses appeared, and the scale (规模) became 7.________________(large).Since then, the Cantonese have formed the habit of 8.____________(drink) morning tea in a tea house.
Today，morning tea in Guangdong has taken on a supporting role，but dim sum have become more delicate and diverse.Classical dim sum usually includes buns，dumplings and rice rolls in various ingredients such as beef, chicken, pork, shrimp or vegetable.Usually, they 9.______________(serve) in 3 or 4 pieces in one portion.
The traditional culture of having morning tea has now become 10.____________trend in other provinces, mainly in southern China.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了广东的早茶文化。
1．is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且句子主语为动名词短语Having Zao Cha，应用第三人称单数形式is。
2．to have　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境及空前的动词不定式短语to drink tea可知，应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。
3．deeply　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词rooted，应用副词形式deeply。deeply rooted意为“根深蒂固的”。
4．communication　解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词social可知，应用名词形式。
5．to　解析：考查介词。trace back to意为“追溯到”，为固定搭配。
6．which　解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Yi Li Pavilion，且在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。
7．larger　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知，应用形容词比较级larger。
8．drinking　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词of可知，应用动词-ing形式。
9．are served　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语Usually可知，应用一般现在时，且句子主语they和serve之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。
10．a　解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，空后的名词trend表示泛指，应用不定冠词a。INCLUDEPICTURE "读后续写1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../读后续写1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../读后续写1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../读后续写1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
百转而不退缩，少年驰梦棋盘
INCLUDEPICTURE "XB1奠基石1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../XB1奠基石1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../XB1奠基石1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../XB1奠基石1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
在读后续写这种记叙性质的文本中，恰当使用动词能够提高表达的效度和力度。但是，频繁使用谓语动词，会使整个语篇显得单调乏味。因此，灵活使用非谓语动词能够增加动词的使用数量并让句子的结构变得更加多样且复杂，从而使语篇更加生动灵活；另一方面，多层次多维度的动词能够更出色地构建情节场景、生动地刻画人物形象，从而有效地传递文本意义。
1．基本概念：非谓语动词是指在句子中不以谓语形式出现的动词。
2．形式及功能：
非谓语动词 v.-ing 充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语或状语
v．-ed 充当表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语
to do 充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语或状语
特殊结构 with复合结构 充当定语或状语
独立主格结构 充当状语
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阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Winners Never Quit
[1] There was a young boy named Jackson who had a burning desire to become a great chess player.He lived in a small town where chess was unpopular. The lack of proper coaches and training facilities nearby didn't dampen his spirits at all, for his fascination with the game knew no bounds.
[2]Every day after school, he would dash home eagerly and set up his old chessboard. For hours on end, he would study books borrowed from the library, his eyes scanning the pages attentively in an attempt to absorb new strategies. He practiced against himself religiously, moving the pieces back and forth, his mind deeply engaged in analyzing each move with care.
[3]When he took part in local chess matches, he was frequently underestimated.The tournament hall was filled with noisy people. The other players, armed with better resources and professional training, laughed at his simple techniques.
[4]In one particular tournament, as he sat at the table for his first game, he could feel the eyes on him. His opponent made quick and decisive opening moves. Jackson, though nervous, focused hard. But soon, he found himself in a difficult position as his opponent's pieces advanced aggressively. He lost the game and was very disappointed.
[5]In the next game, the situation was no better. His opponent's fingers moved swiftly over the pieces, while Jackson's hands were a bit sweaty as he tried to keep up, with his strategies easily countered (对抗). The taunts (嘲弄) of his opponents rang in his ears, but he refused to be disheartened.
[6]During the break, he sat alone in the corner, replaying the games in his mind to identify his mistakes. Realizing the need to be more creative and bold in his move, he immersed himself deeper into analyzing the games of the chess masters for inspiration. With every page he read and every move he analyzed, his determination grew like a burning fire.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
With a new-found determination, Jackson told himself that winners never quit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the final moments of the game, the pressure was intense.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 一审——审情节
[1]There was a young boy named Jackson who had a burning desire to become a great chess player.
[3]When he took part in local chess matches, he was frequently underestimated．
[4]In one particular tournament, as he sat at the table for his first game, he could feel the eyes on him.
[4]He lost the game and was very disappointed．
[5]In the next game, the situation was no better．
[6]During the break, he sat alone in the corner, replaying the games in his mind to identify his mistakes．
[6]With every page he read and every move he analyzed, his determination grew like a burning fire.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 二定——定主题：正能量原则
Eventually, Jackson won the tournament．It turned out that with unwavering determination, one can overcome any obstacle in the pursuit of the dream.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../箭头.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 三构思——QA模式：构思每段三个微情节
根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Jackson do next
[Answer] He continued the game with determination.
[Question 2] What was Jackson's opponent's reaction
[Answer] His opponent was surprised.
[Question 3] What happened then？(和第二段段首句衔接)
[Answer] Jackson was gaining advantage.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Jackson do
[Answer] He stayed calm and focused.
[Question 2] What was the result
[Answer] Jackson won the tournament.
[Question 3] What moral would the story express
[Answer] With determination, one can overcome any obstacle in the pursuit of the dream.
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特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
With a new-found determination, Jackson told himself that winners never quit.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the final moments of the game, the pressure was intense.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With a new-found determination, Jackson told himself that winners never quit. He came back with a determined look. In the next session, Jackson started with unexpected and brilliant opening moves. Then he carefully calculated each step, not allowing his previous failures to cloud his judgment. (微情节一：杰克逊的所作所为；动词-ing形式作状语) His opponents were caught off guard (猝不及防). As the game progressed, the taunts were replaced by caution and hesitation before each move. His opponent made a challenging move.(微情节二：杰克逊的对手的反应) Instead of panicking, Jackson analyzed it calmly and found a way to counter it. It was obvious that Jackson gradually gaining an advantage, with his pieces moving across the board.(微情节三：棋局的走势；with复合结构)
In the final moments of the game, the pressure was intense. Jackson stayed calm and focused, totally ignoring what was happening around him.(动词-ing形式作状语) With the final decisive move, he won the game. Immediately, thunderous applause burst out. A smile spread across his face. (微情节一：杰克逊顶住压力，赢得此局比赛) After that, Jackson continued the following games with determination and the growing confidence, overcoming one opponent after another.(动词-ing形式作状语) Eventually, he won the tournament. (微情节二：杰克逊最终赢得锦标赛) Jackson, though without rich resources and professional training, realized his dream with the spirit of never quitting. It turned out that with unwavering determination, one can overcome any obstacle in the pursuit of the dream.(微情节三：杰克逊的感悟及主旨升华)
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(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to save a few dollars？More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which meant I would be learning from one of the game's best. [I could hardly wait to meet him.]①
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him；he meant business. [In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually，to our lives.]② I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he taught me：[“The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions. On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.”]③ These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.
INCLUDEPICTURE "手.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../手.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../手.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../手.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　背铺灰语料，积续写基石
[话题]
人与自我——生活与学习——大学课程学习
[内容概要]
本文主要介绍了作者学习Think Chess课程的收获及该课程对其长远的影响。
[注释]
①描写作者的心情
②这门课程的介绍
③作者感悟到的人生哲理Period 2　Grammar and usage
动词不定式(短语)作主语和表语
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一、动词不定式(短语)作主语
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(1)(教材P3)It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.
放弃你吃着长大的食物是最难的。
(2)(教材P6)To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
外出就餐也是一种社交活动，可以增进我和朋友的关系。
(3)To master something about English is one thing; to master English is quite another.
懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。
(4)To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.
读书不思考，犹如吃饭不消化。
(5)It's very important for us to keep the water clean.
保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
(6)It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
(7)How to solve the problem has not been decided yet.
如何解决这个问题还未确定。
(8)It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。
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1．动词不定式(短语)可以作句子的主语，通常位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
2．动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式移至句末，以保持句子平衡。
it作形式主语时，有以下三种情况：
(1)常用形容词作表语。作真正的主语的动词不定式(短语)通常有逻辑主语，一般用for/of短语来表示，即“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.”，其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语。
(2)有时也接名词作表语。
(3)常用于“It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.”句型中。
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在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成动词不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind、 nice、 foolish等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写动词不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成动词不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
*It's very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
*It's difficult for him to finish the work ahead of time.
对他来说，提前完成工作太难了。
3．“疑问词＋动词不定式(短语)”结构：
动词不定式(短语)可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合，在句中作主语。
二、动词不定式(短语)作表语
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(1)(教材P6)Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
不久前，我吃饭时的第一想法是去餐馆吃饭。
(2)(外研选必一 U4)Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea.
每位艺术家的愿望都是创作出表达思想的作品。
(3)(外研选必一 U4)To listen to Tan's music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.
聆听谭的音乐，就是体验中国音乐传统和西方影响因素的融合。
(4)What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立即开始工作。
(5)All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们所需要做的就是充满激情地度过每一天。
INCLUDEPICTURE "明悉规则.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../明悉规则.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．动词不定式(短语)作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为aim、duty、hope、idea、job、plan、 problem、 purpose、 wish 等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。动词不定式(短语)作表语时，主语和表语有时可以互换位置，其意思不变。
2．动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下动词不定式(短语)中的to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句，且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式(短语)常省略to。
INCLUDEPICTURE "温馨提示A.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../温馨提示A.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
动词不定式(短语)作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下动词不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下几种情况下可省略动词不定式符号to：
(1)all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
*All we need to do is (to) keep calm when facing danger.
遇到危险时我们需要做的就是保持冷静。
(2)what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
*What I want to do is (to) take a holiday right away.
我想做的是马上去度假。
(3)(主句)主语被the only、the first、 the one、 the least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
*In the evening the only thing he did was (to) read the newspaper.
晚上他做的唯一一件事就是看报纸。
INCLUDEPICTURE "课堂微练即时检验.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../../../课堂微练即时检验.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It's careless of you to give me the wrong number.
2．It is not easy for a foreigner to__learn(learn) to speak Chinese.
3．His ambition is to__become(become) a successful scientist.
4．The duty of a doctor is to__treat(treat) the sick, to__cure(cure) the injured, and to__save(save) lives.
5．It's necessary to__discuss(discuss) the problem with an experienced teacher.
6．My suggestion is to__carry (carry) out the plan immediately.
7．It is my great honour to make a speech here.
8．To__get(get) enough protein each day is beneficial to our health.
9．To__alter (alter) our outdated teaching method is very important.
10．To__change(change) bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．To speak English fluently is not easy.
→It__is__not__easy__to__speak__English__fluently.(it作形式主语)
2．To study hard to realize our great ambition in the future is our students' job.
→Our__students'__job__is__to__study__hard__to__realize__our__great__ambition__in__the__future.[动词不定式(短语)作表语]
3．To teach the three children is my job this afternoon.
→My__job__this__afternoon__is__to__teach__the__three__children.[动词不定式(短语)作表语]
4．To become a successful entrepreneur is my dream.
→My__dream__is__to__become__a__successful__entrepreneur.[动词不定式(短语)作表语]
5．To talk with you is a great pleasure.
→It's__a__great__pleasure__to__talk__with__you.(it作形式主语)

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