资源简介 沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 TUnit 1 Water 时间状语从句时间状语从句考题形式:通常放在选择题中考查引导词、句型转换中考查保持句意不变。考频分析:近 3 年状语从句考频占比统计时间状语从句13% 、目的状语从句13%、结果状语从句17%、让步状语从句18% 、原因状语从句 9% 、条件状语从句 30%时间状语从句的含义解析:时间状语从句就是充当时间状语的句子例:We will pick apples in autumn. (时间状语)We will pick apples when it is autumn.(时间状语从句) When it is autumn,we will pick apples.时间状语从句的位置:放句末,无逗号;放句首,逗号隔开时间状语从句的引导词:时间状语从句常用引导词:when/while/ before /as / after / until / till / since / as soon as 等1)when 当...时,表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生,时间状语从句的动词可 以用延续性动词,也可以用短暂性动词We will pick apples when it is autumn. 在秋天,我们将采摘苹果。When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.当你正在过马路时,必须小心。He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进来的时候,他正在桌子旁工作。Alice saw a dog when she was walking on the street. 当 Alice 正在街上走的时候,看到了一条狗。2)while 当...时,引导的时间状语从句的动词常用延续性动词They arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们正在吃晚饭的时候,他们到了。3)before 在...之前We will buy some snacks before the movie starts. 在电影开始之前,我们会买些零 食。4)after 在...之后We can go for a walk after the rain stops.雨停后,我们可以去散步。根据句子的含义,选择合适的时间状语从句的引导词是关键一步。除了理解引导词的含义,还需要注意引导词在从句中的时态时间状语从句的时态We will pick apples when it is autumn.主句 从句We will buy some snacks before the movie starts.第 1 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T主句 从句We can go for a walk after the rain stops.主句 从句从例句能够发现:当主句是“一般将来时或含有情态动词”时,从句的时态为“一般现在时”, 【总结】时间状语从句通常遵循“主将从现/主情从现”的原则。I saw a cat when I was walking in the park. 主句 从句The plane had taken off before I arrived at the airport. 主句 从句She would go swimming after she finished her homework. 主句 从句 从例句能够发现:当主句时态为“过去的时态”,从句需要根据动作的先后顺序、动词的类型,选择 过去的相应时态。【总结】当主句为“过去的时态”,从句需要根据主从句动作发生的先后顺序以 及动词的类型,选择合适的过去的相应时态。例:1.Kitty snow before her family moved to Canada.A.has never seen B.had never seen C.would never seen D.did never seen【答案】B【解析】根据从句 before her family moved to Canada 中,谓语动词 moved 为一般过去时,主句应该用相应的过去时态,“没有看过雪”是发生在 moved 之前的动作,因此用过去完成时。2.When I went to visit him yesterday,he in his garden.A.played B.was playing C.would play D.had played【答案】B【解析】根据从句的动词 went 知,从句的时态为一般过去时,那么主句需要用过去的相应时态,根据时间状语从句的引导词 when 当...时,可知主从句的动词是同时发生的,因此主句用“过去进行时”。when/while 引导的时间状语从句的时态when/while 引导的时间状语从句的时态是考试的易考点,也是易错点,需要重点作比较。When 的用法:I was sleeping when the phone rang. 主句 从句 rang 为短暂性动词She saw a cat when she was riding her bike.主句 从句ride her bike 为延续性动词when 引导的时间状语从句可以用短暂性动词,也可以用延续性动词第 2 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 Twhile 的用法:My phone rang while I was doing my homework. 主句 从句Her friends were dancing while she was singing. 主句 从句while 引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词 注意:当表示两个动作同时进行,只能用 while.例题:1.Tim was playing football while his friends (run)on the playground. 【答案】were running【解析】while后边的动词必须为延续性动词,根据主语中谓语动词为was playing,为过去进行时,因此从句的时态也用过去的相应时态,while+延续性动词,因此while 从句用过去进行时。2.A five-minute rest will refresh your mind,when you stressed withschoolwork.A.feel B.feels C.are feeling 【答案】A【解析】主句 will refresh 为一般将来时,根据 when 引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,因此从句用一般现在时,主语 you 为第二人称,因此谓语动词用“动词原形”。3. waiting for the bus,I met an old friend.A.After B.While C.Since D.Before 【答案】B【解析】after 在...之后,while 当...时,since 自从...以来,before 在...之前,根 据句意,当我正在等公交车时,我遇见了一位老朋友,因此选 while.时间状语从句的简化当主从句的主语都是同一个人 ,这时从句的主语可以省略,直接用引导词+现在 分词的形式,这也是时间状语从句简化的必要条件。 While I was waiting for the bus,I met an old friend.While waiting for the bus,I met an old friend.While he is doing his homework,he sees a bird.While doing his homework,he sees a bird.【总结】时间状语从句的简化条件:1.主句和从句的主语为同一个人 2.结构用“引导词+现在分词”形式例题:Tom returned to China after he graduated from the university.(同义句)【答案】Tom returned to China after graduating from the university. 【解析】主句和从句的人称都是同一个人,因此从句可以用引导词+现在分词形第 3 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T式。除了 when /while /after /before 这些引导词外,时间状语从句的引导词还有 as/ till /until /since / as soon as/by the time5)as 的用法:as 引导时间状语从句表示“正当,一边...一边...,随着”的含义 →表示某一件事一发生,另一件事随即发生As the sun rose ,the fog disappeared. 太阳一出来,雾就散了。→表示某事发生的过程中另一件事发生I heard his voice as I crossed the hall. 我走过大厅的时候听到他说话的声音。→表示两个动作同时发生She smiled as she passed. 她路过的时候笑了一下。She listened to music as she washed clothes. 她一边洗衣服一边听音乐。6)as soon as 一...就...I will call you as soon as I arrive home. 我一到家就给你打电话。He jumped with joy as soon as he heard the good news. 他一听到这个好消息就开心地跳了起来。as soon as 用法总结:遵循“主将从现”“主过从过”的原则例题:Don’t worry.I (contact)you as soon as our manager (come)back.【答案】will contact ; comes【解析】根据 Don’t worry,表明经理还没回来,因此遵循“主将从现”的原则7)since 自从She has worked as a doctor since she moved to Beijing. 自从她搬到北京以来就一 直当医生。since 用法总结:since 引导的时间状语从句,需要注意:since 从句用“一般过去时”,主句用“现在 完成时”8)by the time 到...为止He had travelled to more than four countries by the time he was twelve years old. 到 他十二岁为止,他去过的国家已经超过四个。by the time 用法总结:by the time 引导的时间状语从句,by the time 从句用“一般过去时”,主句用“过去 完成时”9)until 直到.......He will stay at home until/till the rain stops. 他会一直待在家里,直到雨停。 We were waiting until/till she came back. 我们一直等,直到她回来。第 4 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 Tuntil 引导的时间状语从句,时态遵循:“主将从现,主过从过”。主句的动词必须 为“延续性动词”,并且这时可以和 till 相互转换。当主句的动词为“短暂性动词”或“延续性动词”时,否定形式只能用:not...until... 直到...才... (till 不可以用于否定)We didn’t leave until he came. 直到他回来,我们才离开。短暂性动词She doesn’t study until the teacher reminds her. 直到老师提醒她,她才开始学习。延续性动词总结:时间状语从句的全部知识点含义:句子充当时间状语放句末,无逗号位置:放句首,逗号隔开1) when 当...时,+瞬间动词(一般过去时)/ +延续性动词(过去进行时)2)while 当...时,+延续性动词(过去进行时)3)before 在...之前4)after 在...之后5)as soon as 一...就... (主将从现;主过从过)引导词 6)since 自从... (主现完从过) 时间状语从句7)by the time 直到...为止 (主过完从过)8)until 直到... →主将从现;主过从过 →肯定句:主句动词为延续性动词 →否定句:主句动词为短暂性动词/延续性动词9)as 当...时,一边...一边...时间状语从句的简化:1)条件:从句主语和主句主语是同一个人 2)结构:引导词+现在分词第 5 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T专项练习:一、选择题( )1.He was just falling asleep there was a loud knock on the door.A.while B.when C.then D.until 【答案】B 【解析】句意:他正要入睡,听到了很重的敲门声。从句表示“当...时”,并且从 句的动作为短暂性动词,只能用 when .( )2.Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A.arrives B.arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive【答案】A【解析】as soon as 引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”,主句 will give 为一般将来时,从句用“一般现在时”,主语 he 为第三人称单数,实意动词用三单形式。( )3.--What is your sister going to be she grows up --She is going to be a doctor.A.before B.although C.when D.unless 【答案】C【解析】根据句意表示“当她长大的时候”,when 当...时候,符合句意( )4.Walk along this road you reach the end.You’ll find the bank on your left.A.after B.when C.as soon as D.until【答案】D【解析】until “直到”,句意:沿着这条路一直走到尽头。在你的左边将会找到银 行。( )5. Mrs Li was washing clothes,her husband was cooking.A.After B.Till C.While D.Because【答案】C 【解析】主从句的动作都是延续性动词,表示两个动作同时发生,while 当...时, 从句必须用延续性动词Unit 2 Digital life 复合不定代词:some-/any-/ every- / no-由 some/ any / every /no 与-one / -body / -thing 构成的代词称为“复合不定代词”。这些词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等;作主语时,谓语动词用“单数”1)某...:someone 某人、somebody 某人、something 某事/某物2)任何:anyone 任何人、anybody 任何人、anything 任何事3)每个/所有:everyone 每个人、everybody 每个人、everything 每件事4)没有:no one 没有人、nobody 没有人、nothing 没有物/没有事补充:no one 与 none 、nothing 的用法区别:no one none nothing中文释义 没有一个人 没有一个 没有物指代对象 只可指人 指人、指物 只指物是否与 of 连用 不能与 of 连用 常与 of 连用 不与 of 连用 对其提问用? 回答 who 的问句 回答 how 回答 what 问句many/how much 的第 6 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T问句作主语时,谓语动 单数 单复数都可 单数词的形式 (强调整体用单数;强调个体用复数)none 需要有明确的范围(如前文提到“三个选项”)--How many books did you choose ---None.(强调三个中一个没选)nothing 与 no one 无范围限制--Who chose the right answer --- No one. (泛指没有人选对)复合不定代词的用法1)-one/-body 构成的复合不定代词可以互换使用,-body 常用于口语中Someone/Somebody has left his book. 有人把书落下了。2)some 类复合不定代词与 any 类复合不定代词的区别some 类,一般用在“肯定句”,也可以用在“希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句、否定句、条件句”中;any 类主要用在“否定句、疑问句、条件句”中,在肯定句中表 “任何”之意。总结:some 类复合不定代词与 any 类复合不定代词的区别,基本等同于 some/any的用法。If you don’t know the answer,ask someone/somebody else. 如果你不知道答案,就 问问别人。If anybody calls,tell him I’m out. 如果有人来电话,告诉他我出去了。Why don’t you do something for the family 你为什么不为这个家做点什么呢?(提建议的表达)3)复合不定代词的所有格形式:在词尾加’sI can do the work without anyone’s help. 我可以做这份工作,不需要任何人的帮 助。4)复合不定代词常和 else 连用,表示:另外...的,所有格形式 else’sHe got this job because nobody else wanted it. 他得到这份工作是因为没有其他人想要这份工作。补充:else 还可以和特殊疑问句连用,放在特殊疑问句后,表示“别的...” what else 别的什么 who else 别的谁5)复合不定代词和形容词的位置,形容词放在复合不定代词之后,即:复合不 定代词+形容词We are trying to do everything possible to help him. 我们尽力做每一件可能的事去 帮助他。6)everyone 与 every one 区别第 7 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 Teveryone 指“每个人,人人”,只能指“人”,后边不能跟 of 短语;every one 指“每个”,既可以指人,也可以指物,后边可以加 of 短语。补充:anyone 与 any one 的区别类似 everyone 与 every oneEvery one of us agreed to this new plan. 我们每一个人都同意这个新计划。Has any one of you been to Italy before 你们中有人以前去过意大利吗?To everyone’s surprise,the plan succeeded. 令所有人惊讶的是,这个计划成功了。专项练习:选择题:( )1.As the lights in the room went out,it was very dark and could be seen clearly.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】D【解析】根据 it was very dark,得知,表示什么也看不到,因此用 nothing.( )2. needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.A.Someone B.No one C.None D.Everyone【答案】D 【解析】句意:每个人都需要一到二个亲密的朋友去分享开心和难过。everyone 表示“每个人”( )3.--Why do you come here --Because I have to tell you.A. anything important B.important anythingC.something important D.important something【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词与形容词的位置,形容词放在不定代词的后边,because Ihave to tell you 为肯定句,因此用 something,所以选 C( )4.--Did you go last summer holiday --Yes.I went to Shanghai Disney.A. somewhere special B.anywhere specialC.special somewhere D.special anywhere【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词与形容词的位置,形容词放在不定代词的后边,因为在疑问句中,因此用 anywhere ,所以答案选 BUnit 3 Curious minds动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语的用法(1)动词不定式作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法(2)动词不定式的构成基本形式:to do,to 有时可以省略,to 是不定式的符号,本身没有词义,动词不 定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语动词。动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。第 8 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T1)动词不定式作主语 不定式作主语,谓语动词“单数”。To learn English is very important. 学英语是非常重要的。不定式可以和疑问代词 who / whom /what / which 或疑问副词 when /how / where 连用,在句中作主语。What to do is an important question. 要做什么是一个重要的问题。当作主语的不定式短语较长时,常用 it 做形式主语,把真正的主语放在后边。It is important for students to learn English well. 对学生来说学好英语是重要的。it 做形式主语的句型,真正的主语是 to do ...(中考必考的句型):→1.It is +adj.(形容词修饰物)+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是...样的高频必考修饰物的形容词:important / easy / hard / difficult / possible / necessary/dangerous / useful例:It is difficult for him to finish the work in one hour. 对他来说一个小时完成这项 工作是困难的。→2. It is +adj.(形容词修饰人)+of sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是...样的。高频必考修饰人的形容词:kind / nice / clever / foolish / silly / stupid / careful /brave例:It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。→3.It is +名词短语 + to do sth.高频名词短语:a pity / a pleasure 荣幸/ a mistake / a good idea / a good habit 例:It is a good habit to get up early. 早起是一个好习惯。→4.It is +adj. +that 从句 (这种结构多用于正式表达、书面作文) 例:It is clear that she likes swimming. 很明显,她喜欢游泳。→5. It +不及物动词 +that 从句 (注意:固定句式,无 be 动词) It seems that ... 似乎...It turns out that ... 结果证明... It happens that ... 碰巧...例:It seems that it will rain soon. 似乎马上要下雨了。其他句型:1)It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例:It’s his turn to tell a story. 轮到他讲故事了。2)it takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事例:It takes him two hours to finish his homework. 他花两个小时的时间完成作 业。第 9 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T3)it’s time to do sth. / it’s time for sth. 到了该做某事的时间 例:It’s time to get up. 到了该起床的时间。4)It is no use/good+ doing sth. 做某事是没有用/没好处的。(唯一动名词作真正 主语的固定句型)例:It is no use crying. 哭是没有用的。2)动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作动词的宾语→动词不定式 to do 作宾语时,其逻辑主语也是全句的主语。 句子结构:主语+及物动词+to doHe promised to come here at eight o’clock. 他答应八点来这。 I have decided to learn English. 我已经决定学习英语。常见的后跟不定式的动词:begin to do 开始做某事 choose to do sth. 选择做某事continue to do sth.继续做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事expect to do sth.期待做某事 fail to do sth. 失败做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 try to do sth. 尝试做某事wait to do sth. 等待做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事start to do sth. 开始做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 would like to do sth. 想要做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事→当不定式(短语)较长时,即主语与宾语的距离过远,为了避免句子结构失衡,常用 it 作形式宾语,将真正的宾语放在句末,此时 it 无实际语义,只起到语法作 用。句子结构:主语 +及物动词+it +宾语补足语(adj./n.)+to do I find it easy to learn English. 我发现学习英语是很容易的。形式宾语 真正的宾语He considers it a pity to miss the concert.他认为错过这场音乐会很遗憾。形式宾语 真正的宾语常见的用 it 作形式宾语的动词:find 发现 、think 认为、feel 感觉/觉得、consider 考虑,认为、make 使、regard 认为、see 看见、believe 相信、suppose 假设、understand 理解→不带 to 的不定式作宾语第 10 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T句子结构:主语+及物动词+doMy mother let me watch TV for thirty minutes. 我妈妈让我看 30 分钟电视。宾语The teacher made him rewrite the composition. 老师让他重写这篇作文。宾语常见的不带 to 的动词(即动词原形作宾语),这类动词多为感官动词、使役动词(let 让、make 使,让、have 使,让、see 看见、watch 看、notice 注意到、hear听见、feel 感觉、observe 观察...) 注意:这类动词用于被动语态时,后边的不定式需要还原 to (即:be +过去分 词+ to do)例:He was made to finish the work before dark. 他被迫在天黑前完成这项工作。动词不定式作介词的宾语一般介词后加名词、代词、动名词作宾语,介词后也可以跟不定式作宾语,但是只能作介词 but / except 的宾语,并且需要遵循“前有 do 后无 to,前无 do 后加 to” 的原则;句子结构:主语+谓语+介词+to doHe has no choice but to accept the offer. 他别无选择,只能接受这个提议。作介词 but 的宾语He did nothing but watch TV all day. 他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。作介词 but 的宾语疑问词/连接词+不定式,作宾语句子结构:what/how/when/where/which/who//whom/whether... +to do ,用来表达“疑问、选择、不确定”的含义。这种句子结构也可以转换→疑问词/连接词+主语+谓语注意:表示“是否”时,if 不可以用此种结构,只能用 whether He doesn’t know what to do next. 他不知道接下来要做什么。作宾语She hasn’t decided whether to go to the party. 她还没有决定是否去参加派对。作宾语He taught me how to repair this machine. 他教我如何修理这台机器。作宾语Did you remember where to buy this pen 你记得在哪里买的这支笔吗?作宾语常 用 的 这 种 结 构 的 动 词 : know / decide /learn /understand /forget /remember /wonder/ ask /show /explain /teachthere to be+名词/代词作宾语可以直接作及物动词的宾语第 11 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T这种结构是特殊的不定式的复合结构可作介词 for 的宾语含义:表示存在某种人/物,语气正式,常用于书面语。→1)直接作及物动词的宾语句子结构:主语+及物动词+there to be +名词/代词(短语)I want there to be more opportunities for young people. 我希望给年轻人更多的机会。 作宾语She expects there to be a party tomorrow. 她期待明天有一个派对。作宾语He doesn’t allow there to be any mistakes in the report. 他不允许报告中有任何错 误。作宾语常用这种结构的动词:want/expect/wish/like/prefer/hate/allow/permit...→2)作介词 for 的宾语句子结构:主语+谓语+for there to be +名词/代词(短语)We are waiting for there to be a reply from the school. 我们正在等待学校的回复。作介词 for 的宾语He hopes for there to be a chance to study abroad. 他希望有一个出国留学的机会。作介词 for 的宾语常用于这种结构的词:wait for / hope for / arrange for / long for (渴望)...3)动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语,主要用来说明主语的性质、目的、意图、内容。 句子结构:主语+系动词(be /seem /appear/prove...) +to do对主语进行补充说明,表示目的、计划或未来实现的意图动词不定式作表语时,主语的特征:主语多为抽象名词(dream /goal /plan /purpose /duty /task...)或 what 引导的主语 从句My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。作表语Her goal seems to win the competition. 她的目标似乎是赢得这场比赛。作表语What I want is to travel around the world. 我想要的是环游世界。作表语动词不定式作表语与动名词作表语的区别:动名词作表语,动作更具过程性、反复性,不表示某一次具体的动作。第 12 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T动词不定式作表语,侧重表示目的、计划、未来实现的意图。His job is to teach English. 他的工作是教英语 →强调目标任务 His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语 →强调日常的状态动词不定式 to do 与主语的关系: 动词不定式需要与主语在逻辑上等同,即主语、表语可互换位置,并且不改变句意。His job is to teach English. → To teach English is his job. 教英语是他的工作。动词不定式 to do 的否定形式:直接在不定式前加 not.My goal is to finish the task. 我的目标是完成这项任务。→否定形式:My goal isnot to finish the task.动词不定式 to do 省略 to 的情况:在口语中,当主语含有 do 的某种形式时,表语不定式 to 可以省略。What he wanted to do was (to)become a doctor. 他想做的事情是成为一名医生。4)动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时,必须后置,也就是放在被修饰的名词/代词之后。→修饰序数词/限定词 (the first /the second / the last /the next / the only),表示“第几个做某事的”the first/second/last/next/only... to do sth.He is always the first one to leave here. 他总是第一个离开这里的人。He is the only student to solve the difficult problem. 他是唯一一个解出这道题的学生。→修饰抽象名词,说明其具体的内容,这些名词多表示:能力、意愿、机会、计划、决定... 常见的这些名词有:the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力the opportunity/chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 courage to do sth.做某事的勇气 decision to do sth. 做某事的决定 plan(s) to do sth. 作某事的计划one’s dream/desire/wish to do sth. 某人做某事的梦想/渴望/愿望 one’s invitation to do sth. 做某事的邀请the right to do sth. 做某事的权利例:She has the ability to learn languages quickly. 她有快速学习语言的能力。Her dream to become a doctor finally came true. 她成为医生的梦想终于实现 了。→修饰不定代词(something /anything / nothing /everything...)时,需要放在不定 代词的后边。Do you have something to eat 你有什么吃的吗第 13 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 TThere’s nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。→与被修饰的名词有动宾关系当不定式的动词与被修饰的名词,在逻辑上是动宾关系,则常用不定式作后置定语。He has a lot of work to do. 他有很多工作要做。 do work,work 作 do 的宾语 注意:如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,则需加上介词He is a good man to work with. 他是一个可以一起工作的好男人。 work with him,a good man 是 with 的逻辑宾语5)动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语,主要用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表目的、结果、原因等。→表目的(高频)结构:to do / in order to do (更正式) / so as (not) to do (多用于否定句):为了做某 事He studies hard to pass the exam. 他努力学习为了通过考试。He left early so as not to miss the bus. 他早早离开为了不错过公交车。注意:目的状语也可置于句首,来强调目的。To improve his English,he practices every day. 为了提高他的英语,他每天都练习。→表结果结构:only to do (表出乎意料的结果)、so...as to do 、such...as to do (如此...以至于...)、too...to do (太...而不能做...)、enough to do (足够...能做...)He rushed to the bus station,only to find the bus had left. 他冲到公交车站,结果发现公交车已经开走了。The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了搬不动。→表原因结构:常用于修饰形容词(glad/happy/sad/surprised/interested...),来说明产生情绪 的原因。He is glad to see you. 他见到你很高兴。注意:为了避免重复,不定式可以省略动词原形后的内容,只保留 to. You can go with me if you want to go with me.=You can go with me if you want to.6)动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征,动词不定式作宾补时,能明确宾语的具体动作或目的,使句义更完整。 句子结构:主语+谓语动词+宾语+to doThe teacher asks us to finish homework on time. 老师要求我们按时完成作业。 He wants his sister to help him do the homework. 他想让他的姐姐帮他做作业。第 14 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T常见的可接动词不定式作宾补的动词:ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 表“命令、要求、希望” want sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事 表“邀请、建议、帮助” advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 表“允许、禁止” permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事其他高频动词:expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事省略 to 的不定式作宾补:“一感二听三让四看半帮助” 结构:主语+谓语+宾语+dofeel ...do / hear...do / listen to... do / let...do /make...do / have...do / see...do /watch...do / notice ...do / observe...dohelp sb. (to)do sth. ,to 介词 to 可省略也可不省略 注意:这类动词变为被动语态时,需要还原 tosb. make sb. do... →sb. be made to do ... 某人被迫做某事sb. let sb. do sth.→sb. made to do sth.某人被允许做某事sb. have sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth. 某人被要求做某事sb. see sb. do sth.→sb. be seen to do sth.某人被看见做某事sb. watch sb. do sth.→sb. be seen to do sth.某人被看见做某事sb. hear sb. do sth.→sb. be heard to do sth.某人被听见做某事不定式作宾补的否定形式:直接在 to 前加 not tell sb. to do sth. →否定形式:tell sb. not to do sth.不定式作宾语 vs 不定式作宾补: 作宾补时,句子结构:主语+谓语+宾语(人/物)+to doHe wants me to buy a pen.宾语 宾补He wants to buy a pen.作 want 的宾语第 15 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T动词不定式用法综合练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空1.It’s important for us (learn)from our mistakes. 【答案】to learn【解析】 it 做形式主语的句型:it is +adj. for sb. to do sth.,真正的主语是不定式 to do sth.2.The teacher asked the students (not make)any noise. 【答案】not to make 【解析】动词不定式作宾语补足语,在这里考察的否定形式,否定词 not 加在介词 to 前边,即:ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人不做某事3.I have a meeting (attend)this afternoon.【答案】to attend 【解析】不定式作后置定语,修饰 meeting,表示将来。4.She was too young (understand)the difficult problem.【答案】to understand 【解析】考察不定式作状语,在这里表结果状语,too...to do... 太...而不能...5.My dream is (become)a doctor.【答案】to become 【解析】不定式作表语,来解释说明主语 my dream 的内容6.Let me (show)you around our campus.【答案】show【解析】使役动词 let 后加省略 to 的不定式作宾补,let sb. do...7.I heard him (sing)a song in the room.【答案】sing【解析】感官动词 hear 后接省略 to 的不定式作宾补,hear sb. do ...听见某人做某 事(表做某事的全过程)8.She promised (help)us with the project. 【答案】to help【解析】不定式作宾语,promise to do sth.承诺做某事9.My teacher encourages me (finish)the task.【答案】to finish【解析】不定式作宾补,encourage sb. to do ...鼓励某人做某事10.It’s very kind of you (help)me.【答案】to help【解析】it 作形式主语的句型:it is +adj.+of sb. to do sth. ,真正的主语是不定式 to do...Unit 4 Then and now让步状语从句让步状语从句的含义:让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管...但是...”,用来说明主句动作发生的背景或 条件,强调主句动作的发生不受其影响。常用的引导词:第 16 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 Tthough/although 虽然、even though/if 尽管、疑问词+ever 无论... (whoever 无论谁、whatever 无论什么...)、no matter+疑问句:无论...(no matter how 无论怎样、no matter what 无论什么)、whether...or not 不管、whether...or 不管1)although/though 的用法→although 语气较重,多置于句首→although 一般指事实,though 既可以指事实,也可以指设想→although 与 though 意义相同,都表示“虽然、即使”,一般情况下可以互相转换。→though 与 although 引导的从句都不可以与 but 连用,但是可以和 yet 同时出现。They are happy though they are very poor. 虽然他们很穷,但是他们很快乐。Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. 虽然他是日本人,但是他的大半生是在中国度过的。2)even though /even if 尽管,即使,语气比 though/although 更强We will make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要来一次旅行。3)no matter +疑问词=疑问词+ever no matter what =whatever 无论什么 no matter when = whenever 无论何时no matter who = whoever 无论谁no matter where = wherever 无论哪里 no matter how = however 无论怎样No matter what happens,I will be with you. =Whatever happens,I will be with you.无 论发生什么事,我都会和你在一起。No matter who you are,you must obey the law. = Whoever you are,you must obey the law. 不论你是谁,你都要遵守法律。注意:no matter +疑问词,只能引导让步状语从句;疑问词+ever,既可以引导让步状语从句,也可以引导名词性从句Whatever you said is right.你说的都是对的。主语从句4)whether...or not / whether...or “不管”Anyway,it’s a good story whether or not it’s true. 反正不管是否是事实,这个故事 不错。All the nations should be equal whether they are strong or not. 所有国家都应平等, 不管它们是否强大。You’ll have to attend the meeting whether you are free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要 参加这个会议。专项练习:一、选择题1. he is young,he knows a lot about history.A.Because B.Although C.If D.Since【答案】B第 17 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T【解析】句意:虽然他很年轻,但他懂很多历史。Although 尽管,引导让步状 语从句。2. it rained heavily,we still went to the park.A.Even though B.Because C.So D.As long as【答案】A 【解析】句意:虽然下很大,我们仍然去公园。even though 即使,引导让步状语从句。3.You must finish the work on time difficult it is.A.no matter B.even if C.no matter what D.no matter how【答案】D 【解析】根据句意:无论多么困难,你必须按时完成工作。no matter how 无论如何.4. she is very busy,she always finds time to read.A.As B.Though C.Because D.Since【答案】B【解析】句意:虽然她很忙,但是她总能找时间阅读。though 表“尽管”,可以放在句首,as 引导让步状语从句时,需要倒装,即:Busy as she is .5. you don’t like him,you can’t deny his abilities.A.Even if B.So that C.As soon as D.Because of【答案】A【解析】even if “即使”,so that 表目的,as soon as 表时间,because of+短语, 句意:即使你不喜欢他,你也不能否认他的能力。Unit 5 Teamwork原因状语从句原因状语从句的含义:原因状语从句用来说明主句动作或状态发生的原因、理由。原因状语从句的引导词:because/since/as/for /now(that) / seeing (that)/ considering (that)... ,引导词用来 表达“因果关系”,解释“为什么” 引导词在句中的位置:一般既可以放在主句前(需要用逗号与主句隔开),也可以放在主句后(不需要加逗号);for 引导的从句只能放在主句之后(前边需要用逗号与主句隔开)。 →1)because 的用法:because 是因果关系中语气最强的,引出的原因往往是听话者不知道的或最感兴趣的,表示“直接的、明确的因果关系”用来回答 why 的问句(只能用 because 来回答),because 与 so 不能同时出现在一句话中。because 引导的从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,位于句首时,需 要用逗号与主句隔开。区分 because of : because+句子(主语+谓语动词),because of +短语(名词、代词、动名词),because of 引导的短语可以放在主句前、后都可以。He didn’t go to school because he was ill.= Because of his illness,he didn’t go to school. 因为他生病了没有去学校。第 18 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T区分 for : for+句子(主语+谓语),只能放在主句之后,并且用“逗号”与主句隔开。for 表示的原因是“间接的、推断性的或补充说明的理由”The day breaks,for the birds are singing. 天亮了,因为鸟儿在叫。(鸟叫不是天亮的原因,只是用来推断天亮的依据)We should be more careful,for it is already dark. 天黑了,我们应该更小心一些。在强调句型中(It is ...that...),只能用 because,即 :It is because +句子 +that +句 子。It was because he was ill that he was absent. 正是因为他生病了才缺席的。→2)since 的用法:since “既然”,表示人们已知的事实,不需要强调的原因,通常放在“句首”, 用“逗号”与主句隔开。Since everyone is here,let’s get started. 既然大家都来了,我们就开始吧!→3)as 的用法:as“由于”,语气比 since 弱,较正式,位置灵活:as 引导的从句表明所引出的理由在说话者看来已经很明显,或者已为说话者所熟悉的,as 引导的从句和主句同样重要。He didn’t hear us come in as he was asleep. 由于他睡着了,没有听到我们进来。→4)now (that)的用法:now (that) “既然,由于”,表示微弱的原因,多用于口语中,主从句因果关 系不明显。He is going to relax now (that)the school year is over. 这一学年结束了,所有他打 算放松一下。Now (that)we have finished the exam,we can relax. 既然考试结束了,我们可以放松 了。原因状语从句的时态:1)原因状语从句的时态与主句的时态保持一致。如果主句是一般现在时,从句 可根据实际情况使用任何时态。2)如果主句是一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。3)如果从句表示的是“客观真理、普遍事实”,不受主句时态的影响,永远都是一般现在时专项练习:一、选择题:1.He didn’t go to school yesterday he was ill.A.because B.since C.as D.for【答案】A【解析】because 因为,since 既然,as 由于,for 因为,根据句意:他生病了是 没有上学的直接原因,因此用 because.第 19 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T2. you are free today,why not go shopping with me A.Because B.Since C.For D.As soon as【答案】B【解析】since 既然,表示已知的事实,because 因为,句意不合适,for+句子不能放句首,as soon as 一...就,引导的是时间状语从句。3.She must be very tired, she has been working all day.A.because B.since C.as D.for【答案】D【解析】根据句意,这句子中表示“因为”的含义,因此从 A/D 判断,空处需要用 for 来补充说明推断性的理由。4. it was getting dark,we decided to stay at the hotel for another night.A.Because B.For C.As D.So【答案】C【解析】as “由于,随着”,引出显而易见的原因,语气比 because 弱,because 表直接原因,在此处不合适。5.I didn’t buy that dress it was too expensive.A.since B.because C.as D.for【答案】B【解析】because 强调直接原因,(太贵是不买裙子的直接原因),since/as 语气较 委婉,for 表补充.Unit 6 Life in the future条件状语从句条件状语从句是中考的核心考点,需要重点掌握。条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的前提条件,不能单独成句,需要用从属连词来引导。条件状语从句常用的引导词:if 如果、unless 除非(=if not)、as long as 只要、on condition that 条件是(比 较正式,强调约定)、in case 以防,万一条件状语从句的时态:(中考必考点)主句为一般将来时、含有情态动词(can/may/must/should)、祈使句时,从句用一 般现在时(表示将来,但是绝对不能出现 will)【核心考点】 句子结构:主句:(主语+will/can/may/must...)+do 或“祈使句”+if /unless /as long as +主语+be(am/is/are) / 实意动词(原形/三单). 注意:主从句的位置也可以互换,从句可以放在句首,这时需要用“逗号”与主 句隔开) 当主句为一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态1)if 的用法:最常用的引导词,表示“如果”We will make a snowman if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我们将堆雪人。 = If it rains tomorrow,we will make a snowman. (主将从现)Call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助,给我打电话。(主祈从现)第 20 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 TYou can make progress if you keep studying hard. 你能取得进步,如果你一直努力 学习。(主情从现)2)unless 的用法:表示“除非,如果不”,=if not,unless 的语气更强一些,更正 式。You will fail unless you work hard. = You will fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不 努力工作,你就会失败。We will go for a picnic unless it rains.= We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain. 如果 不下雨,我们将去野餐。Don’t come unless I call you. = Don’t come if I don’t call you . 如果我不给你打电 话,就不要过来。3)as long as 的用法:表示“只要”,用来强调条件的唯一性。As long as you try your best,you will succeed. 只要你尽全力,你将成功。4)in case 的用法:表示“万一,如果”,用来强调预防某种情况的发生。 Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞以防下雨。I will stay here in case she comes. 我将待在这里,万一她来了。专项练习:一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.If you (feel) tired, you (have) to have a rest. 【答案】feel ,will have2.Where he (see) the film if he (have) time 【答案】will;see;has3.If there (be) fewer trees, there ( be) more pollution. 【答案】are;will be4.He (dress) more casually if he ( not work) on weekends. 【答案】will dress;doesn’t work5.If Marcia (live) alone, she ( keep) a pet dog. 【答案】lives;will keep6.Lana (buy) a new dress if the old one (be) out of style. 【答案】will buy;is7.The twins (fight) if they (argue). 【答案】will fight;argue8.I (sell) my paintings if I (need) money for education. 【答案】will sell;need9.Peter ( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he (tour) Spain.【答案】will send;tours10.If Mr. Green (say) I am hard-working, my parents (feel) glad.【答案】says;will feel11.I (go) to the beach if it (not rain) this week. 【答案】will go;doesn’t rain12. they (have) a match if the P.E. teacher (be) busy 第 21 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 T【答案】Will;have;is13.He (write) a letter to his grandparents if he (get) his report card thisweek.【答案】will write;gets14.If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the early bus. 【答案】 gets;won’t catch15.Peter (major) in English if he (pass) the exams in Peking University. 【答案】will major;passes 二、选择题1.—I really want to pass the exam for further study.—Believe in yourself, dear! Your dream will come true you put your heartinto it.A.even if B.as long as C.as soon as 【答案】B【解析】句意:——我真的想通过考试,继续深造。——相信你自己,亲爱的!只要你用心去做,你的梦想就会成真。考查连词辨析题。A. even if 即使,表让步;B. as long as 只要,表条件;C. as soon as 一…就…。本句是条件状语从句,需用as long as 连接。根据句意语境,可知选 B。2.You will never achieve success you devote yourself to your work.A.after B.if C.because D.unless【答案】D 【解析】句意:除非你把自己专心于你的工作,否则你将永远不会成功。句意: after 在……之后; if 如果,because 因为,unless 除非,如果不;if 或unless 引 导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时,主句用一般将来时。结合句意, 你如果不专心工作,你就不会获得成功,故此处为 unless。故选 D。3.Chuck will go swimming with us tomorrow afternoon he can finish hishomework by then.A.so B.but C.if D.or 【答案】C【解析】句意:明天下午 Chuck 将和我们一起去游泳,如果到那时他能完成他的作业的话。so 所以;but 但是;if 如果;or 或者。If 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,故选 C。第 22 页 共 22 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 SUnit 1 Water 时间状语从句时间状语从句考题形式:通常放在选择题中考查引导词、句型转换中考查保持句意不变。考频分析:近 3 年状语从句考频占比统计时间状语从句13% 、目的状语从句13%、结果状语从句17%、让步状语从句18% 、原因状语从句 9% 、条件状语从句 30%时间状语从句的含义解析:时间状语从句就是充当时间状语的句子例:We will pick apples in autumn. (时间状语)We will pick apples when it is autumn.(时间状语从句) When it is autumn,we will pick apples.时间状语从句的位置:放句末,无逗号;放句首,逗号隔开时间状语从句的引导词:时间状语从句常用引导词:when/while/ before /as / after / until / till / since / as soon as 等1)when 当...时,表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生,时间状语从句的动词可 以用延续性动词,也可以用短暂性动词We will pick apples when it is autumn. 在秋天,我们将采摘苹果。When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.当你正在过马路时,必须小心。He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进来的时候,他正在桌子旁工作。Alice saw a dog when she was walking on the street. 当 Alice 正在街上走的时候,看到了一条狗。2)while 当...时,引导的时间状语从句的动词常用延续性动词They arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们正在吃晚饭的时候,他们到了。3)before 在...之前We will buy some snacks before the movie starts. 在电影开始之前,我们会买些零 食。4)after 在...之后We can go for a walk after the rain stops.雨停后,我们可以去散步。根据句子的含义,选择合适的时间状语从句的引导词是关键一步。除了理解引导词的含义,还需要注意引导词在从句中的时态时间状语从句的时态We will pick apples when it is autumn.主句 从句We will buy some snacks before the movie starts.第 1 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S主句 从句We can go for a walk after the rain stops.主句 从句从例句能够发现:当主句是“一般将来时或含有情态动词”时,从句的时态为“一般现在时”, 【总结】时间状语从句通常遵循“主将从现/主情从现”的原则。I saw a cat when I was walking in the park. 主句 从句The plane had taken off before I arrived at the airport. 主句 从句She would go swimming after she finished her homework. 主句 从句 从例句能够发现:当主句时态为“过去的时态”,从句需要根据动作的先后顺序、动词的类型,选择 过去的相应时态。【总结】当主句为“过去的时态”,从句需要根据主从句动作发生的先后顺序以 及动词的类型,选择合适的过去的相应时态。例:1.Kitty snow before her family moved to Canada.A.has never seen B.had never seen C.would never seen D.did never seen2.When I went to visit him yesterday,he in his garden.A.played B.was playing C.would play D.had playedwhen/while 引导的时间状语从句的时态when/while 引导的时间状语从句的时态是考试的易考点,也是易错点,需要重点作比较。When 的用法:I was sleeping when the phone rang. 主句 从句 rang 为短暂性动词She saw a cat when she was riding her bike.主句 从句ride her bike 为延续性动词when 引导的时间状语从句可以用短暂性动词,也可以用延续性动词while 的用法:My phone rang while I was doing my homework. 主句 从句Her friends were dancing while she was singing. 主句 从句while 引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词 注意:当表示两个动作同时进行,只能用 while.第 2 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S例题:1.Tim was playing football while his friends (run)on the playground.2.A five-minute rest will refresh your mind,when you stressed withschoolwork.A.feel B.feels C.are feeling3. waiting for the bus,I met an old friend.A.After B.While C.Since D.Before时间状语从句的简化当主从句的主语都是同一个人 ,这时从句的主语可以省略,直接用引导词+现在 分词的形式,这也是时间状语从句简化的必要条件。 While I was waiting for the bus,I met an old friend.While waiting for the bus,I met an old friend.While he is doing his homework,he sees a bird.While doing his homework,he sees a bird.【总结】时间状语从句的简化条件:1.主句和从句的主语为同一个人 2.结构用“引导词+现在分词”形式例题:Tom returned to China after he graduated from the university.(同义句)除了 when /while /after /before 这些引导词外,时间状语从句的引导词还有 as/ till /until /since / as soon as/by the time5)as 的用法:as 引导时间状语从句表示“正当,一边...一边...,随着”的含义 →表示某一件事一发生,另一件事随即发生As the sun rose ,the fog disappeared. 太阳一出来,雾就散了。→表示某事发生的过程中另一件事发生I heard his voice as I crossed the hall. 我走过大厅的时候听到他说话的声音。→表示两个动作同时发生She smiled as she passed. 她路过的时候笑了一下。She listened to music as she washed clothes. 她一边洗衣服一边听音乐。6)as soon as 一...就...I will call you as soon as I arrive home. 我一到家就给你打电话。He jumped with joy as soon as he heard the good news. 他一听到这个好消息就开心地跳了起来。as soon as 用法总结:遵循“主将从现”“主过从过”的原则第 3 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S例题:Don’t worry.I (contact)you as soon as our manager (come)back.7)since 自从She has worked as a doctor since she moved to Beijing. 自从她搬到北京以来就一 直当医生。since 用法总结:since 引导的时间状语从句,需要注意:since 从句用“一般过去时”,主句用“现在 完成时”8)by the time 到...为止He had travelled to more than four countries by the time he was twelve years old. 到 他十二岁为止,他去过的国家已经超过四个。by the time 用法总结:by the time 引导的时间状语从句,by the time 从句用“一般过去时”,主句用“过去 完成时”9)until 直到.......He will stay at home until/till the rain stops. 他会一直待在家里,直到雨停。We were waiting until/till she came back. 我们一直等,直到她回来。until 引导的时间状语从句,时态遵循:“主将从现,主过从过”。主句的动词必须为“延续性动词”,并且这时可以和 till 相互转换。当主句的动词为“短暂性动词”或“延续性动词”时,否定形式只能用:not...until... 直到...才... (till 不可以用于否定)We didn’t leave until he came. 直到他回来,我们才离开。短暂性动词She doesn’t study until the teacher reminds her. 直到老师提醒她,她才开始学习。延续性动词总结:时间状语从句的全部知识点含义:句子充当时间状语放句末,无逗号位置:放句首,逗号隔开1) when 当...时,+瞬间动词(一般过去时)/ +延续性动词(过去进行时)2)while 当...时,+延续性动词(过去进行时)3)before 在...之前第 4 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S4)after 在...之后5)as soon as 一...就... (主将从现;主过从过)引导词 6)since 自从... (主现完从过) 时间状语从句7)by the time 直到...为止 (主过完从过)8)until 直到... →主将从现;主过从过 →肯定句:主句动词为延续性动词 →否定句:主句动词为短暂性动词/延续性动词9)as 当...时,一边...一边...时间状语从句的简化:1)条件:从句主语和主句主语是同一个人 2)结构:引导词+现在分词专项练习:一、选择题( )1.He was just falling asleep there was a loud knock on the door.A.while B.when C.then D.until( )2.Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A.arrives B.arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive( )3.--What is your sister going to be she grows up --She is going to be a doctor.A.before B.although C.when D.unless( )4.Walk along this road you reach the end.You’ll find the bank on your left.A.after B.when C.as soon as D.until( )5. Mrs Li was washing clothes,her husband was cooking.A.After B.Till C.While D.BecauseUnit 2 Digital life 复合不定代词:some-/any-/ every- / no-由 some/ any / every /no 与-one / -body / -thing 构成的代词称为“复合不定代词”。这些词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等;作主语时,谓语动词用“单数”1)某...:someone 某人、somebody 某人、something 某事/某物2)任何:anyone 任何人、anybody 任何人、anything 任何事3)每个/所有:everyone 每个人、everybody 每个人、everything 每件事4)没有:no one 没有人、nobody 没有人、nothing 没有物/没有事补充:no one 与 none 、nothing 的用法区别:第 5 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 Sno one none nothing中文释义 没有一个人 没有一个 没有物指代对象 只可指人 指人、指物 只指物是否与 of 连用 不能与 of 连用 常与 of 连用 不与 of 连用 对其提问用? 回答 who 的问句 回答 how 回答 what 问句many/how much 的 问句作主语时,谓语动 单数 单复数都可 单数词的形式 (强调整体用单数;强调个体用复数)none 需要有明确的范围(如前文提到“三个选项”)--How many books did you choose ---None.(强调三个中一个没选)nothing 与 no one 无范围限制--Who chose the right answer --- No one. (泛指没有人选对)复合不定代词的用法1)-one/-body 构成的复合不定代词可以互换使用,-body 常用于口语中Someone/Somebody has left his book. 有人把书落下了。2)some 类复合不定代词与 any 类复合不定代词的区别some 类,一般用在“肯定句”,也可以用在“希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句、否定句、条件句”中;any 类主要用在“否定句、疑问句、条件句”中,在肯定句中表 “任何”之意。总结:some 类复合不定代词与 any 类复合不定代词的区别,基本等同于 some/any的用法。If you don’t know the answer,ask someone/somebody else. 如果你不知道答案,就 问问别人。If anybody calls,tell him I’m out. 如果有人来电话,告诉他我出去了。Why don’t you do something for the family 你为什么不为这个家做点什么呢?(提建议的表达)3)复合不定代词的所有格形式:在词尾加’sI can do the work without anyone’s help. 我可以做这份工作,不需要任何人的帮 助。4)复合不定代词常和 else 连用,表示:另外...的,所有格形式 else’sHe got this job because nobody else wanted it. 他得到这份工作是因为没有其他人想要这份工作。补充:else 还可以和特殊疑问句连用,放在特殊疑问句后,表示“别的...” what else 别的什么 who else 别的谁第 6 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S5)复合不定代词和形容词的位置,形容词放在复合不定代词之后,即:复合不 定代词+形容词We are trying to do everything possible to help him. 我们尽力做每一件可能的事去 帮助他。6)everyone 与 every one 区别everyone 指“每个人,人人”,只能指“人”,后边不能跟 of 短语;every one 指“每个”,既可以指人,也可以指物,后边可以加 of 短语。补充:anyone 与 any one 的区别类似 everyone 与 every oneEvery one of us agreed to this new plan. 我们每一个人都同意这个新计划。Has any one of you been to Italy before 你们中有人以前去过意大利吗?To everyone’s surprise,the plan succeeded. 令所有人惊讶的是,这个计划成功了。专项练习:选择题:( )1.As the lights in the room went out,it was very dark and could be seen clearly.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing( )2. needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.A.Someone B.No one C.None D.Everyone( )3.--Why do you come here --Because I have to tell you.A. anything important B.important anythingC.something important D.important something( )4.--Did you go last summer holiday --Yes.I went to Shanghai Disney.A. somewhere special B.anywhere specialC.special somewhere D.special anywhereUnit 3 Curious minds动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语的用法(1)动词不定式作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法(2)动词不定式的构成基本形式:to do,to 有时可以省略,to 是不定式的符号,本身没有词义,动词不 定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语动词。动词不定式的句法功能 动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。1)动词不定式作主语 不定式作主语,谓语动词“单数”。To learn English is very important. 学英语是非常重要的。不定式可以和疑问代词 who / whom /what / which 或疑问副词 when /how / where第 7 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S连用,在句中作主语。What to do is an important question. 要做什么是一个重要的问题。当作主语的不定式短语较长时,常用 it 做形式主语,把真正的主语放在后边。It is important for students to learn English well. 对学生来说学好英语是重要的。it 做形式主语的句型,真正的主语是 to do ...(中考必考的句型):→1.It is +adj.(形容词修饰物)+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是...样的高频必考修饰物的形容词:important / easy / hard / difficult / possible / necessary/dangerous / useful例:It is difficult for him to finish the work in one hour. 对他来说一个小时完成这项 工作是困难的。→2. It is +adj.(形容词修饰人)+of sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是...样的。高频必考修饰人的形容词:kind / nice / clever / foolish / silly / stupid / careful /brave例:It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真是太好了。→3.It is +名词短语 + to do sth.高频名词短语:a pity / a pleasure 荣幸/ a mistake / a good idea / a good habit 例:It is a good habit to get up early. 早起是一个好习惯。→4.It is +adj. +that 从句 (这种结构多用于正式表达、书面作文) 例:It is clear that she likes swimming. 很明显,她喜欢游泳。→5. It +不及物动词 +that 从句 (注意:固定句式,无 be 动词) It seems that ... 似乎...It turns out that ... 结果证明... It happens that ... 碰巧...例:It seems that it will rain soon. 似乎马上要下雨了。其他句型:1)It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例:It’s his turn to tell a story. 轮到他讲故事了。2)it takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事例:It takes him two hours to finish his homework. 他花两个小时的时间完成作 业。3)it’s time to do sth. / it’s time for sth. 到了该做某事的时间 例:It’s time to get up. 到了该起床的时间。4)It is no use/good+ doing sth. 做某事是没有用/没好处的。(唯一动名词作真正 主语的固定句型)第 8 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S例:It is no use crying. 哭是没有用的。2)动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作动词的宾语→动词不定式 to do 作宾语时,其逻辑主语也是全句的主语。 句子结构:主语+及物动词+to doHe promised to come here at eight o’clock. 他答应八点来这。 I have decided to learn English. 我已经决定学习英语。常见的后跟不定式的动词:begin to do 开始做某事 choose to do sth. 选择做某事continue to do sth.继续做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事expect to do sth.期待做某事 fail to do sth. 失败做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 try to do sth. 尝试做某事wait to do sth. 等待做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事start to do sth. 开始做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 would like to do sth. 想要做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事→当不定式(短语)较长时,即主语与宾语的距离过远,为了避免句子结构失衡,常用 it 作形式宾语,将真正的宾语放在句末,此时 it 无实际语义,只起到语法作 用。句子结构:主语 +及物动词+it +宾语补足语(adj./n.)+to do I find it easy to learn English. 我发现学习英语是很容易的。形式宾语 真正的宾语He considers it a pity to miss the concert.他认为错过这场音乐会很遗憾。形式宾语 真正的宾语常见的用 it 作形式宾语的动词:find 发现 、think 认为、feel 感觉/觉得、consider 考虑,认为、make 使、regard 认为、see 看见、believe 相信、suppose 假设、understand 理解→不带 to 的不定式作宾语 句子结构:主语+及物动词+doMy mother let me watch TV for thirty minutes. 我妈妈让我看 30 分钟电视。宾语The teacher made him rewrite the composition. 老师让他重写这篇作文。宾语第 9 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S常见的不带 to 的动词(即动词原形作宾语),这类动词多为感官动词、使役动词(let 让、make 使,让、have 使,让、see 看见、watch 看、notice 注意到、hear听见、feel 感觉、observe 观察...) 注意:这类动词用于被动语态时,后边的不定式需要还原 to (即:be +过去分 词+ to do)例:He was made to finish the work before dark. 他被迫在天黑前完成这项工作。动词不定式作介词的宾语一般介词后加名词、代词、动名词作宾语,介词后也可以跟不定式作宾语,但是只能作介词 but / except 的宾语,并且需要遵循“前有 do 后无 to,前无 do 后加 to” 的原则;句子结构:主语+谓语+介词+to doHe has no choice but to accept the offer. 他别无选择,只能接受这个提议。作介词 but 的宾语He did nothing but watch TV all day. 他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。作介词 but 的宾语疑问词/连接词+不定式,作宾语句子结构:what/how/when/where/which/who//whom/whether... +to do ,用来表达“疑问、选择、不确定”的含义。这种句子结构也可以转换→疑问词/连接词+主语+谓语注意:表示“是否”时,if 不可以用此种结构,只能用 whether He doesn’t know what to do next. 他不知道接下来要做什么。作宾语She hasn’t decided whether to go to the party. 她还没有决定是否去参加派对。作宾语He taught me how to repair this machine. 他教我如何修理这台机器。作宾语Did you remember where to buy this pen 你记得在哪里买的这支笔吗?作宾语常 用 的 这 种 结 构 的 动 词 : know / decide /learn /understand /forget /remember /wonder/ ask /show /explain /teachthere to be+名词/代词作宾语可以直接作及物动词的宾语这种结构是特殊的不定式的复合结构可作介词 for 的宾语含义:表示存在某种人/物,语气正式,常用于书面语。→1)直接作及物动词的宾语句子结构:主语+及物动词+there to be +名词/代词(短语)第 10 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 SI want there to be more opportunities for young people. 我希望给年轻人更多的机 会。 作宾语She expects there to be a party tomorrow. 她期待明天有一个派对。作宾语He doesn’t allow there to be any mistakes in the report. 他不允许报告中有任何错 误。作宾语常用这种结构的动词:want/expect/wish/like/prefer/hate/allow/permit...→2)作介词 for 的宾语句子结构:主语+谓语+for there to be +名词/代词(短语)We are waiting for there to be a reply from the school. 我们正在等待学校的回复。作介词 for 的宾语He hopes for there to be a chance to study abroad. 他希望有一个出国留学的机会。作介词 for 的宾语常用于这种结构的词:wait for / hope for / arrange for / long for (渴望)...3)动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语,主要用来说明主语的性质、目的、意图、内容。 句子结构:主语+系动词(be /seem /appear/prove...) +to do对主语进行补充说明,表示目的、计划或未来实现的意图动词不定式作表语时,主语的特征:主语多为抽象名词(dream /goal /plan /purpose /duty /task...)或 what 引导的主语 从句My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。作表语Her goal seems to win the competition. 她的目标似乎是赢得这场比赛。作表语What I want is to travel around the world. 我想要的是环游世界。作表语动词不定式作表语与动名词作表语的区别:动名词作表语,动作更具过程性、反复性,不表示某一次具体的动作。动词不定式作表语,侧重表示目的、计划、未来实现的意图。His job is to teach English. 他的工作是教英语 →强调目标任务 His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语 →强调日常的状态动词不定式 to do 与主语的关系:第 11 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S动词不定式需要与主语在逻辑上等同,即主语、表语可互换位置,并且不改变句意。His job is to teach English. → To teach English is his job. 教英语是他的工作。动词不定式 to do 的否定形式:直接在不定式前加 not.My goal is to finish the task. 我的目标是完成这项任务。→否定形式:My goal isnot to finish the task.动词不定式 to do 省略 to 的情况:在口语中,当主语含有 do 的某种形式时,表语不定式 to 可以省略。What he wanted to do was (to)become a doctor. 他想做的事情是成为一名医生。4)动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时,必须后置,也就是放在被修饰的名词/代词之后。→修饰序数词/限定词 (the first /the second / the last /the next / the only),表示“第几个做某事的”the first/second/last/next/only... to do sth.He is always the first one to leave here. 他总是第一个离开这里的人。He is the only student to solve the difficult problem. 他是唯一一个解出这道题的学生。→修饰抽象名词,说明其具体的内容,这些名词多表示:能力、意愿、机会、计划、决定... 常见的这些名词有:the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力the opportunity/chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 courage to do sth.做某事的勇气 decision to do sth. 做某事的决定 plan(s) to do sth. 作某事的计划one’s dream/desire/wish to do sth. 某人做某事的梦想/渴望/愿望 one’s invitation to do sth. 做某事的邀请the right to do sth. 做某事的权利例:She has the ability to learn languages quickly. 她有快速学习语言的能力。Her dream to become a doctor finally came true. 她成为医生的梦想终于实现 了。→修饰不定代词(something /anything / nothing /everything...)时,需要放在不定 代词的后边。Do you have something to eat 你有什么吃的吗 There’s nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。→与被修饰的名词有动宾关系当不定式的动词与被修饰的名词,在逻辑上是动宾关系,则常用不定式作后置定语。第 12 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 SHe has a lot of work to do. 他有很多工作要做。 do work,work 作 do 的宾语 注意:如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,则需加上介词He is a good man to work with. 他是一个可以一起工作的好男人。 work with him,a good man 是 with 的逻辑宾语5)动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语,主要用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表目的、结果、原因等。→表目的(高频)结构:to do / in order to do (更正式) / so as (not) to do (多用于否定句):为了做某 事He studies hard to pass the exam. 他努力学习为了通过考试。He left early so as not to miss the bus. 他早早离开为了不错过公交车。注意:目的状语也可置于句首,来强调目的。To improve his English,he practices every day. 为了提高他的英语,他每天都练习。→表结果结构:only to do (表出乎意料的结果)、so...as to do 、such...as to do (如此...以至于...)、too...to do (太...而不能做...)、enough to do (足够...能做...)He rushed to the bus station,only to find the bus had left. 他冲到公交车站,结果发现公交车已经开走了。The box is too heavy to carry. 这个箱子太重了搬不动。→表原因结构:常用于修饰形容词(glad/happy/sad/surprised/interested...),来说明产生情绪 的原因。He is glad to see you. 他见到你很高兴。注意:为了避免重复,不定式可以省略动词原形后的内容,只保留 to. You can go with me if you want to go with me.=You can go with me if you want to.6)动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征,动词不定式作宾补时,能明确宾语的具体动作或目的,使句义更完整。 句子结构:主语+谓语动词+宾语+to doThe teacher asks us to finish homework on time. 老师要求我们按时完成作业。 He wants his sister to help him do the homework. 他想让他的姐姐帮他做作业。常见的可接动词不定式作宾补的动词:ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 表“命令、要求、希望”第 13 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 Swant sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事 表“邀请、建议、帮助” advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 表“允许、禁止” permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事其他高频动词:expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事warn sb. to do sth.警告某人做某事省略 to 的不定式作宾补:“一感二听三让四看半帮助” 结构:主语+谓语+宾语+dofeel ...do / hear...do / listen to... do / let...do /make...do / have...do / see...do /watch...do / notice ...do / observe...dohelp sb. (to)do sth. ,to 介词 to 可省略也可不省略 注意:这类动词变为被动语态时,需要还原 tosb. make sb. do... →sb. be made to do ... 某人被迫做某事sb. let sb. do sth.→sb. made to do sth.某人被允许做某事sb. have sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth. 某人被要求做某事sb. see sb. do sth.→sb. be seen to do sth.某人被看见做某事sb. watch sb. do sth.→sb. be seen to do sth.某人被看见做某事sb. hear sb. do sth.→sb. be heard to do sth.某人被听见做某事不定式作宾补的否定形式:直接在 to 前加 not tell sb. to do sth. →否定形式:tell sb. not to do sth.不定式作宾语 vs 不定式作宾补: 作宾补时,句子结构:主语+谓语+宾语(人/物)+to doHe wants me to buy a pen.宾语 宾补He wants to buy a pen.作 want 的宾语动词不定式用法综合练习:用所给单词的适当形式填空1.It’s important for us (learn)from our mistakes.2.The teacher asked the students (not make)any noise.3.I have a meeting (attend)this afternoon.第 14 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S4.She was too young (understand)the difficult problem.5.My dream is (become)a doctor.6.Let me (show)you around our campus.7.I heard him (sing)a song in the room.8.She promised (help)us with the project.9.My teacher encourages me (finish)the task.10.It’s very kind of you (help)me.Unit 4 Then and now让步状语从句让步状语从句的含义:让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管...但是...”,用来说明主句动作发生的背景或 条件,强调主句动作的发生不受其影响。常用的引导词:though/although 虽然、even though/if 尽管、疑问词+ever 无论... (whoever 无论谁、whatever 无论什么...)、no matter+疑问句:无论...(no matter how 无论怎样、no matter what 无论什么)、whether...or not 不管、whether...or 不管1)although/though 的用法→although 语气较重,多置于句首→although 一般指事实,though 既可以指事实,也可以指设想→although 与 though 意义相同,都表示“虽然、即使”,一般情况下可以互相转换。→though 与 although 引导的从句都不可以与 but 连用,但是可以和 yet 同时出现。They are happy though they are very poor. 虽然他们很穷,但是他们很快乐。Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. 虽然他是日本人,但是他的大半生是在中国度过的。2)even though /even if 尽管,即使,语气比 though/although 更强We will make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要来一次旅行。3)no matter +疑问词=疑问词+ever no matter what =whatever 无论什么 no matter when = whenever 无论何时no matter who = whoever 无论谁no matter where = wherever 无论哪里 no matter how = however 无论怎样No matter what happens,I will be with you. =Whatever happens,I will be with you.无 论发生什么事,我都会和你在一起。No matter who you are,you must obey the law. = Whoever you are,you must obey the law. 不论你是谁,你都要遵守法律。注意:no matter +疑问词,只能引导让步状语从句;疑问词+ever,既可以引导让步状语从句,也可以引导名词性从句Whatever you said is right.你说的都是对的。第 15 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S主语从句4)whether...or not / whether...or “不管”Anyway,it’s a good story whether or not it’s true. 反正不管是否是事实,这个故事 不错。All the nations should be equal whether they are strong or not. 所有国家都应平等, 不管它们是否强大。You’ll have to attend the meeting whether you are free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要 参加这个会议。专项练习:一、选择题1. he is young,he knows a lot about history.A.Because B.Although C.If D.Since2. it rained heavily,we still went to the park.A.Even though B.Because C.So D.As long as3.You must finish the work on time difficult it is.A.no matter B.even if C.no matter what D.no matter how4. she is very busy,she always finds time to read.A.As B.Though C.Because D.Since5. you don’t like him,you can’t deny his abilities.A.Even if B.So that C.As soon as D.Because ofUnit 5 Teamwork原因状语从句原因状语从句的含义:原因状语从句用来说明主句动作或状态发生的原因、理由。原因状语从句的引导词:because/since/as/for /now(that) / seeing (that)/ considering (that)... ,引导词用来 表达“因果关系”,解释“为什么” 引导词在句中的位置:一般既可以放在主句前(需要用逗号与主句隔开),也可以放在主句后(不需要加逗号);for 引导的从句只能放在主句之后(前边需要用逗号与主句隔开)。 →1)because 的用法:because 是因果关系中语气最强的,引出的原因往往是听话者不知道的或最感兴趣的,表示“直接的、明确的因果关系”用来回答 why 的问句(只能用 because 来回答),because 与 so 不能同时出现在一句话中。because 引导的从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,位于句首时,需 要用逗号与主句隔开。区分 because of : because+句子(主语+谓语动词),because of +短语(名词、代词、动名词),because of 引导的短语可以放在主句前、后都可以。He didn’t go to school because he was ill.= Because of his illness,he didn’t go to school. 因为他生病了没有去学校。第 16 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S区分 for : for+句子(主语+谓语),只能放在主句之后,并且用“逗号”与主句隔开。for 表示的原因是“间接的、推断性的或补充说明的理由”The day breaks,for the birds are singing. 天亮了,因为鸟儿在叫。(鸟叫不是天亮的原因,只是用来推断天亮的依据)We should be more careful,for it is already dark. 天黑了,我们应该更小心一些。在强调句型中(It is ...that...),只能用 because,即 :It is because +句子 +that +句 子。It was because he was ill that he was absent. 正是因为他生病了才缺席的。→2)since 的用法:since “既然”,表示人们已知的事实,不需要强调的原因,通常放在“句首”, 用“逗号”与主句隔开。Since everyone is here,let’s get started. 既然大家都来了,我们就开始吧!→3)as 的用法:as“由于”,语气比 since 弱,较正式,位置灵活:as 引导的从句表明所引出的理由在说话者看来已经很明显,或者已为说话者所熟悉的,as 引导的从句和主句同样重要。He didn’t hear us come in as he was asleep. 由于他睡着了,没有听到我们进来。→4)now (that)的用法:now (that) “既然,由于”,表示微弱的原因,多用于口语中,主从句因果关 系不明显。He is going to relax now (that)the school year is over. 这一学年结束了,所有他打 算放松一下。Now (that)we have finished the exam,we can relax. 既然考试结束了,我们可以放松 了。原因状语从句的时态:1)原因状语从句的时态与主句的时态保持一致。如果主句是一般现在时,从句 可根据实际情况使用任何时态。2)如果主句是一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态。3)如果从句表示的是“客观真理、普遍事实”,不受主句时态的影响,永远都是一般现在时专项练习:一、选择题:1.He didn’t go to school yesterday he was ill.A.because B.since C.as D.for2. you are free today,why not go shopping with me A.Because B.Since C.For D.As soon as3.She must be very tired, she has been working all day.第 17 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 SA.because B.since C.as D.for4. it was getting dark,we decided to stay at the hotel for another night.A.Because B.For C.As D.So5.I didn’t buy that dress it was too expensive.A.since B.because C.as D.forUnit 6 Life in the future条件状语从句条件状语从句是中考的核心考点,需要重点掌握。条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的前提条件,不能单独成句,需要用从属连词来引导。条件状语从句常用的引导词:if 如果、unless 除非(=if not)、as long as 只要、on condition that 条件是(比 较正式,强调约定)、in case 以防,万一条件状语从句的时态:(中考必考点)主句为一般将来时、含有情态动词(can/may/must/should)、祈使句时,从句用一 般现在时(表示将来,但是绝对不能出现 will)【核心考点】 句子结构:主句:(主语+will/can/may/must...)+do 或“祈使句”+if /unless /as long as +主语+be(am/is/are) / 实意动词(原形/三单). 注意:主从句的位置也可以互换,从句可以放在句首,这时需要用“逗号”与主 句隔开) 当主句为一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态1)if 的用法:最常用的引导词,表示“如果”We will make a snowman if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我们将堆雪人。= If it rains tomorrow,we will make a snowman. (主将从现)Call me if you need help. 如果你需要帮助,给我打电话。(主祈从现)You can make progress if you keep studying hard. 你能取得进步,如果你一直努力学习。(主情从现)2)unless 的用法:表示“除非,如果不”,=if not,unless 的语气更强一些,更正 式。You will fail unless you work hard. = You will fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不 努力工作,你就会失败。We will go for a picnic unless it rains.= We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain. 如果 不下雨,我们将去野餐。Don’t come unless I call you. = Don’t come if I don’t call you . 如果我不给你打电 话,就不要过来。3)as long as 的用法:表示“只要”,用来强调条件的唯一性。As long as you try your best,you will succeed. 只要你尽全力,你将成功。第 18 页 共 19 页沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期 U1-U6 语法讲练 S4)in case 的用法:表示“万一,如果”,用来强调预防某种情况的发生。 Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞以防下雨。I will stay here in case she comes. 我将待在这里,万一她来了。专项练习:一、用所给词的适当形式填空1.If you (feel) tired, you (have) to have a rest.2.Where he (see) the film if he (have) time 3.If there (be) fewer trees, there ( be) more pollution.4.He (dress) more casually if he ( not work) on weekends.5.If Marcia (live) alone, she ( keep) a pet dog.6.Lana (buy) a new dress if the old one (be) out of style.7.The twins (fight) if they (argue).8.I (sell) my paintings if I (need) money for education.9.Peter ( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he (tour) Spain.10.If Mr. Green (say) I am hard-working, my parents (feel) glad.11.I (go) to the beach if it (not rain) this week.12. they (have) a match if the P.E. teacher (be) busy 13.He (write) a letter to his grandparents if he (get) his report card thisweek.14.If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the early bus.15.Peter (major) in English if he (pass) the exams in Peking University.二、选择题1.—I really want to pass the exam for further study.—Believe in yourself, dear! Your dream will come true you put your heartinto it.A.even if B.as long as C.as soon as2.You will never achieve success you devote yourself to your work.A.after B.if C.because D.unless3.Chuck will go swimming with us tomorrow afternoon he can finish hishomework by then.A.so B.but C.if D.or第 19 页 共 19 页 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期U1-U6语法讲练 沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期U1-U6语法讲练S.docx 沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期U1-U6语法讲练 沪教版(五四制)八年级英语上学期U1-U6语法讲练T.docx