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人教版八年级下册英语Unit7 A Good Read重点语法讲义
语法：现在完成时（already,yet,never,ever,just)
现在完成时态的结构：“have/has+过去分词”
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词十其他
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词十其他
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语十过去分词+其他？
肯定回答：Yes,主+have/has.否定回答：No，主+haven't/hasn't.
意义：
1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。常和just(刚刚））already(已经））yet(已经）,never(从不)）ever（曾经））before(以前））so far（迄今为止）等时间状语连用。
2.表示从过去的某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，通常和for+时间段，since+时间点）since+时间段+ago）since+从句（过去式）连用。
①使用的动词通常是延续性动词。
②使用表示时间段的状语，通常由for或since引导。
注意：
already常用肯定句（have之后）过去分词之前，也可放在句末
yet疑问句（已经）否定句（还，仍然）放在句末
动词的过去分词的变化规则：
1.规则动词
①一般在动词词尾直接加-ed(work-worked-worked)
②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，直接加-d（like-liked-liked)
③以“辅音字母加y”结尾的动词，将y变为酒加-ed（study-studied-studied)
④重读闭音节，结尾，未尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-ed（drop-dropped-dropped)
2.不规则动词come-came-come
重点句子语法考点
Section A
share your thoughts about great books you have read
explore classic literature and develop an interest in reading (p 61)
考点：
classic：adj. 经典的（文艺、书籍）→ classic novels 经典小说
classical：adj. 古典的（音乐、艺术）→ classical music 古典音乐
develop an interest in...培养对…… 的兴趣
share thoughts about… 畅谈关于…… 的看法
二．The types of novels : (p 62)
romance novel 爱情小说 science fiction (sci-fi)科幻小说 detective novel 侦探小说detective story 侦探短篇 mystery fiction 悬疑小说 horror fiction 恐怖小说
historical novel历史小说 fantasy奇幻小说 realistic fiction 现实主义小说
三． In The Three-Body Problem, aliens are planning to attack the earth.
Yaming has read all of the Harry Potter books.Yaming has chosen Journey to the West for his book report.Around the World in Eighty Days is about adventures in different countries
How did you find it / Have you heard of... (p 62)
考点：
choose … for one’s book report选《....》做读书报告。
choose sth for… 选某物用来做……（choose–chose–chosen ）
hear of：听说（间接知道）
hear from：收到…… 来信
attack sth/sb.攻击某人
under attack 受到攻击
四．type of novel小说类型； cover art 封面艺术 main subject(s) of the book本书的主要主题（或多个主要主题） the book cover 这本书的封面(p 63)
五．a classic historical fiction novel
a classic social novel
Three kingdoms fought one another for over 100 years.A young boy is forced to steal things.
In the end, the bad people are punished, and the boy has a better life. (p 63)
考点：
①historical /h st r kl/ adj. 历史的；与历史有关的→historic /h st r k/ adj. 有历史意义的；历史性的→historian /h st ri n/ n. 历史学家
②social / s l/ adj. 社会的；社交的→society /s sa ti/ n. 社会；社团→socially / s li/ adv. 在社交方面；在社会上→sociable / s bl/ adj. 善于交际的；合群的
常用搭配social life 社交生活social problem 社会问题in society 在社会中
③fight →fought→fought
fight one another 互相争斗
fight for 为…… 而战；fight against 对抗
④force
1. n. 力量；武力;体力
by force 靠武力；强行air force 空军
2.v. 强迫，迫使
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
例：Don't force kids to learn. 别强迫孩子学习。
be forced to do sth. 被迫做某事（被动语态）
例：The boy is forced to steal. 这个男孩被迫偷窃。
语法考点：被动语态： be 动词+V.过去分词
六．What have you read recently, Fu Xing It's a fantasy classic about a girl who gets lost in a magical world.I’ve always preferred the book to the movie.She drinks from a bottle and grows smaller...And this story is about growing up. I find it interesting.(p 64)
考点：
①get lost 迷路；走失
例：The girl gets lost in a magical world. 女孩在魔法世界里迷了路。
②prefer v..较喜欢
1. prefer A to B比起 B，更喜欢 A
例句：I prefer tea to coffee. 比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。
2. prefer doing A to doing B：比起做 B 事，更喜欢做 A 事
to 是介词，后面必须接 doing（动名词）
例句：He prefers walking to riding bikes. 比起骑车，他更喜欢步行。
3. prefer to do sth.宁愿 / 更喜欢做某事（单一动作）
例句：I prefer to stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。
4. prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做 A，也不愿做 B
例句：She prefers to read rather than watch TV. 她宁愿看书也不愿看电视。
③drink from... 从…… 中饮用
④grow smaller 变小
拓展：grow + 形容词 变得……（表状态变化）
同类：grow tall 长高，grow old 变老
⑤a story about doing sth. 一个关于做某事的故事
⑥find it + adj. (+ to do) 发现（做某事）……
原句：I find it interesting. 我觉得它很有趣。
（it 作形式宾语，真正宾语可后置补充）
七．It's such a simple story, but you can learn a lot from it!At the start of this year, I decided to read books from as many countries as possible. In the past, I only knew the names of different countries, but now I understand them a little bit better. This experience has been amazing so far. read all four Chinese literary classics watched a movie based on a novel (p 65)
考点：
①such a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词
如此…… 的一个……
例：such a simple story 如此简单的一个故事
辨析考点：such / so
such + (a/an) + adj. + n.
so + adj./adv. + (a/an) + n.
例：so simple a story = such a simple story
②at the start of 在…… 开始时=at the beginning of（常考替换）
③decide to do sth. 决定做某事派生词：decision n. 决定；make a decision 做决定
④as many + 复数名词 + as possible 尽可能多的……
结构：as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as possible 尽可能……
⑤in the past 在过去（时态标志词，常搭配一般过去时）
⑥a little bit 一点儿；稍微（修饰形容词 / 副词）
⑦so far 到目前为止（现在完成时标志词）
⑧Chinese literary classics 中国四大文学名著
⑨be based on 以…… 为基础；
短语：a movie based on a novel 由小说改编的电影
Section B
一．(A summary of Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden)
In this story, Mary Lennox, a spoiled and selfish 10-year-old girl goes to live with her uncle, Mr Craven, after her parents pass away. At night she often hears crying coming from somewhere.(p 66)
考点：pass away （委婉语）去世；离世
spoiled /sp ld/adj. 被宠坏的→spoil v. 溺爱；破坏；
selfish / self /adj. 自私的→selfless adj. 无私的
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事（强调动作全过程 / 经常性）
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事（本句考点）
二．One day, Mary hears about a beautiful garden. It belonged to her uncle's wife .After she died, the garden became a painful memory for him, so he locked it up When it unlocks a half-hidden door, she discovers the secret garden inside! Unfortunately, nobody has taken care of the plants, and therefore, much of it is in a bad state.(p 66)
考点：belong to 属于
例：It belonged to her uncle's wife. 它曾属于她婶婶。
lock up 锁起来；把…… 锁住→反义词组：unlock v. 打开锁
in a bad state 状态糟糕；情况很差→in a good state 状态良好
unfortunately / n f t n tli/adv. 不幸地→fortunate adj. 幸运的；→fortunately adv. 幸运地
三．Later, Mary tells her secret to a new friend, Dickon .Over time, Colin grows stronger. The fresh air and beautiful garden are good for him, and he proves that he is not ill when he gets to his feet for the first time in years! in the garden and grow happier day by day.(p 66)
考点：tell sth to sb = tell sb sth 把某事告诉某人
over time 久而久之；随着时间流逝
grow stronger 变得更强壮
grow + 形容词比较级：变得更……
get to one’s feet 站起身
for the first time 第一次
day by day 一天天；逐日（表逐渐变化）
四．In the end, Mary's uncle returns home. To his great surprise, he sees Colin walking and running, and he discovers that the secret garden has become as alive and beautiful as it ever was!(p 66)
考点： in the end 最后，最终=：at last /finally
区分：at the end of + 时间 / 地点 在…… 末尾
to one’s great surprise 令某人非常惊讶的是
拓展同类结构：
to one’s joy 令某人开心；to one’s sadness 令某人难过
return home 回到家（
as…as… 和…… 一样
ever was 曾经那般（用于对比过去的状态）
五．A plot is a list of events that happen in a story.A plot usually has five parts. These parts combine to create a story that keeps the readers interested.(p 67)
考点：a list of …… 的清单 / 一系列
a list of events 一系列事件
keep sb + 形容词 使某人保持某种状态
keep the readers interested 让读者保持兴趣
六．Mary goes to live with her uncle after her parents' death
One day, she finds an old key to a secret garden. It looks bad because no one has taken care of the plants.Build-up
She works hard with Dickon to make the garden beautiful again. Later, she meets Colin who is unhappy and weak..(p 67)
考点：
▲after one’s death 在某人死后
death /deθ/n. （名词）死亡；去世→die /da / v. 死亡；去世→dead /ded/adj. 死的；无生命的→dying / da /adj. 垂死的；即将枯萎的
例：a dead tree 一棵枯树
例：a dying plant 快要枯死的植物
▲a key to …… 的钥匙（固定介词用 to，不用 of）
a key to the garden 花园的钥匙
同类短语：
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the reply to the letter 信件的回复
the solution to the problem 难题的解决办法
the way to school 去学校的路
the ticket to the concert 音乐会门票
▲make sth + 形容词 使某物变得……
make the garden beautiful 让花园变漂亮
七..(p 67)
Causes
Mary's parents pass away.
The garden reminds Mary's uncle of his dead wife,
Colin has lived alone since his mother's death.
Effects
The garden is in bad condition.
Colin never tries to walk.
Mary's uncle locks up the garden.
考点：
①cause /k z/
1. n. 原因，起因（对应 effect 结果）
搭配：the cause of …… 的起因
例：What’s the cause of the accident 事故的起因是什么？
2. v. 造成，导致
结构：cause sth /cause sb sth /cause sb to do sth
例：The rain caused many problems.
②▲effect / fekt/n. 结果；影响
常用短语：have an effect on sb/sth 对…… 有影响 bad effects 坏影响
▲affect / fekt/v. 动词，影响；使悲伤
直接加宾语：affect our health 影响我们的健康
Eg.The weather affects our mood.
= The weather has an effect on our mood.
▲influence v. 潜移默化地影响（长期、思想性格）
Parents influence children deeply.
n. 影响；有影响力的人
have a great influence on… 对…… 有巨大影响
区别：
affect：短期、客观、外界干扰（天气、疾病影响身体）
influence：长期、思想、三观熏陶
③remind /r ma nd/v. 使想起；提醒
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某物（课文原句）
The garden reminds him of his dead wife.
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
My mum reminds me to finish homework.
④pass away 委婉短语：去世
His parents passed away when he was young.
同义替换：die（普通）；lose one’s life（遇难）
⑤in bad condition 状况糟糕
condition n. 状态、条件
短语：
in good condition 状况良好
in poor condition 破旧、状态差
⑥lock up ：锁起来，封存
lock v. 锁；n. 锁
lock the door 锁门
⑦since 三大核心用法
用法 1：介词 + 名词 / 名词短语，“自从……”
Colin has lived alone since his mother's death.
用法 2：连词 + 完整过去时从句
主句：现在完成时；since 从句：一般过去时
He has lived here since his mother died.
用法 3：副词，单独使用，since then 从那以后
We met in 2020 and have been friends ever since.
八．Vocabulary in Use .(p 68)
▲后缀 -al
含义：名词→形容词，表 “…… 的；与…… 有关的”
nation n. 国家 → national adj. 国家的
culture n. 文化 → cultural adj. 文化的
person n. 人 → personal adj. 个人的
nature n. 自然 → natural adj. 自然的
education n. 教育 → educational adj. 有教育意义的
tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的
medicine n. 药 → medical adj. 医学的
globe n. 地球 → global adj. 全球的
特殊：少数 -al 作名词
arrive v. 到达 → arrival n. 到达；survive v. 幸存 → survival n. 生存
▲后缀 -ous
含义：名词→形容词，表 “充满…… 的；多…… 的”
danger n. 危险 → dangerous adj. 危险的
fame n. 名声 → famous adj. 著名的
humour n. 幽默 → humorous adj. 幽默的
courage n. 勇气 → courageous adj. 勇敢的
poison n. 毒药 → poisonous adj. 有毒的
mystery n. 神秘 → mysterious adj. 神秘的
care n. 小心 → cautious adj. 谨慎的
▲后缀 -ful
名词 + -ful → 形容词：充满…… 的（褒义）
care n. 小心 → careful adj. 仔细的
hope n. 希望 → hopeful adj. 充满希望的
help n. 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的
pain n. 痛苦 → painful adj. 疼痛的
power n. 力量 → powerful adj. 强大的
thank n. 感谢 → thankful adj. 感恩的
反义词后缀 -less（无…… 的）
careful careless；hopeful hopeless；helpful helpless
▲后缀 -y
含义：名词→形容词，表 “多…… 的；有点…… 的”（多修饰天气、感官）
rain n. 雨 → rainy adj. 下雨的
wind n. 风 → windy adj. 刮风的
cloud n. 云 → cloudy adj. 多云的
sun n. 太阳 → sunny adj. 晴朗的（双写 n）
snow n. 雪 → snowy adj. 下雪的
luck n. 运气 → lucky adj. 幸运的
noise n. 噪音 → noisy adj. 吵闹的
health n. 健康 → healthy adj. 健康的
taste n. 味道 → tasty adj. 美味的
sleep n. 睡觉 → sleepy adj. 困倦的
变形规则：重读闭音节辅元辅双写尾字母；不发音 e 去掉加 y
noise → noisy；sun → sunny
▲后缀 -ive
含义：动词 / 名词→形容词，表 “有…… 性质的；起…… 作用的”
effect（n.）n.影响 → effective（adj. 有效的；起作用的）
act v. 行动 → active adj. 积极的
create v. 创造 → creative adj. 有创造力的
attract v. 吸引 → attractive adj. 吸引人的
protect v. 保护 → protective adj. 保护的
impress v. 留下印象 → impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
talk v. 说话 → talkative adj. 健谈的
▲ 名词 + -ish → 形容词：略带…；有点…；带贬义 “傻、蠢”
fool 傻瓜 → foolish 愚蠢的
self 自我 → selfish 自私的
child n. 孩子→childish adj. 幼稚的
九．attack report force state base (p 68)
★attack / t k/
动词用法
attack sb/sth 袭击 / 攻击某人 / 某物
The dog attacked the stranger.
被动：be attacked by… 遭到…… 袭击
名词用法
an attack on sb/sth 对…… 的攻击
a surprise attack 突袭
heart attack 心脏病发作
★report /r p t/v. & n. 报道；报告；举报
动词搭配
report sth to sb 向某人报告 / 举报某事
Please report the accident to your teacher.
It is reported that… 据报道（写作万能句型）
名词
a school report 成绩单；news report 新闻报道
变形：reporter n. 记者
★force /f s/v. ；强迫
动词:force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事（to 不能省）
Don’t force children to study all day.
名词n. 力量；武力
by force 靠武力；强行
air force 空军；labour force 劳动力
形容词：forceful 强有力的
★state /ste t/
n. 状态，状况
in a good/bad state 状况良好 / 糟糕（和 in good condition 同义）
The garden is in a poor state.
n. 国家；州（the United States 美国）
v. 陈述，说明；声明
state one’s opinion 陈述观点
It is stated that… 据称、声明
变形：statement n. 声明，陈述
★base /be s/n. & v. 基础；基地；以…… 为依据
名词
the base of …… 的底部 / 基础
the base of the tree 树根
动词核心搭配
base A on B 把 A 建立在 B 之上
被动：be based on 以…… 为基础
The story is based on real life. 这个故事基于真实生活。
形容词：basic adj. 基础的；basically adv. 基本上
十．Many people consider Journey to the West to be one of the greatest Chinese classic novels of all time. The story has been the base of many TV dramas, films, and plays. In the story, Tang Sanzang and three other characters are on a(n) adventure Sun Wukong is the most powerful of them all, and he uses his powers to stop their enemies' attacks. (p 68)
考点：
consider A (to be) B 认为 A 是 B
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
be considered to be… 被认为是……名词所有格
enemies' attacks 敌人的攻击（复数名词所有格：s 后直接加’）
be on an adventure 踏上一场冒险之旅
the most powerful of them all 所有人当中本领最强的
use one’s powers to do sth. 运用能力去做某事
stop one’s attacks 抵挡 / 阻止某人的攻击
十一．However, he was also very naughty at the start of the story. This forced the kind and gentle Tang Sanzang to punish him. The second character, Zhu Bajie, is lazy but kind, And the last character, Sha Wujing, is quiet and hard-working. The four characters experience many difficulties on their journey. Although they have their own weakness when they work together, nobody can defeat them! Together,they achieve their final goal and prove themselves to be a good team.(p 68)
考点：at the start of … 在…… 开始时
force sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
work together 齐心协力，合作
one’s own weaknesses 某人自身的缺点
achieve one’s final goal 实现最终目标
prove oneself to be … 证明自己是……
on their journey 在他们的取经路上
▲defeat v. 击败；战胜（人、队伍、敌人、对手）
固定结构：defeat + 人 / 团队 / 敌军
defeat sb. 打败某人
Nobody can defeat them. 没人能打败他们。
被动：be defeated 被打败
They were defeated in the match. 他们在比赛中输了。
n. [C/U] 失败；挫败
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
accept defeat 接受失败
十二．It was written in 1952 by the American writer.In 1953, it won the Pulitzer Prize.The main character is a fisherman who hasn't caught anything for months. One day he catches a huge fish, but he has to fight for days to kill it.He finally succeeds, but he can't pull the fish onto his boat. When the fisherman is on his way back,sharks eat the fish, leaving nothing but bones.(p 69)
考点：
be written by… 由…… 撰写
win the Pulitzer Prize 获得普利策奖
main character 主人公
catch fish 捕鱼；catch a huge fish 捕到一条大鱼
for months 长达数月
fight for days 搏斗好几天
succeed (in doing sth.) 成功（做某事）
pull…onto… 把…… 拉到…… 上面
on one’s way back 在某人回去的路上
nothing but 只有，仅仅（= only）
十三．This book has taught me not to give up or doubt myself. I'm inspired by how hard the fisherman fights, even though he loses the fish in the end. As Hemingway said,"Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated."(Even though I've already read the book three times, I'm not tired of it yet. If you've never read Ernest Hemingway, I recommend this book.(p 69)
考点：be inspired by… 被…… 所鼓舞
recommend sth. (to sb.) 向某人推荐某物
give up 放弃
doubt oneself 自我怀疑
in the end 最后，最终
be made for… 生来为…… 而生；注定承受……
be tired of… 对…… 感到厌倦
three times 三次（次数表达）
recommend this book 推荐这本书
as sb. said 正如某人所说
Man is not made for defeat.人生来不是为了被打败的。
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.一个人可以被毁灭，但绝不会被打败。
十四．(p 69)
Book title（开头）
The book I choose is The Old Man and the Sea. It was written by Hemingway.
Introduction（简介）
The main character is an old fisherman. He catches a big fish but loses it to sharks in the end.
Opinion（感悟）
This book teaches me not to give up. As Hemingway said, a man can be destroyed but not defeated. I recommend this book to everyone.
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