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2025-2026学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷
I. Grammar (语法填空)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Feel Happy, Even When You’re Not
Norman Rockwell created some of the most iconic images of 20th-century America. His paintings, such as the Four Freedoms series from World War II and The Problem We All Live With from the civil rights movement, ___1___ (intend) to arouse the best in people who saw them: hope, courage, justice. But much of his work also inspired happiness, capturing scenes of lighthearted joy. ___2___ (consider) Shiner, which portrays a young girl with a black eye ___3___ (sit) outside the principal’s office with a smile that tells you she has just been the victor in a fight.
And yet Rockwell himself struggled with happiness. In 1953, he moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, a rural town in the Berkshires — not for its natural beauty and peace ___4___ because it happened to be the home of a mental health hospital ___5___ he and his wife could receive treatment for chronic depression. There, he was a patient of the world-famous psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, with whom Rockwell ran up a therapy bill so large that he had to accept commissions for Kellogg’s Corn Flakes magazine ads.
___6___ a man with such significant happiness problems would be known for painting images of undeniable happiness might seem contradictory. In truth, it’s not strange at all. Research shows not only that you can bring joy to others even if you’re unhappy but also ___7___ doing so is a reliable way to improve your own well-being too.
The key is to act like a happy person would, even if you don’t feel like it. Last year, researchers at the University of California at Riverside asked people to behave in ___8___ outgoing or reserved ways for one week. Those who purposely acted outgoing — which decades of research have shown is one of the most common characteristics of happy people — ___9___ (see) a significant increase in well-being. (Meanwhile, acting reserved led to a decrease.) Similarly, spending money on others and volunteering have been shown to raise one’s own happiness levels.
One reasonable explanation is that prosocial behaviors induce a cognitive conflict — I feel unhappy, but I am acting happy! — which people resolve subconsciously by feeling happier. In other words, if you want to feel a certain way, act ___10___ you already do, and your brain will grant you that feeling, at least for a while. In common language, “Fake it till you make it.”
1. ____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________
6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________
II. Vocabulary (选词填空)
Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. oversold B. properties C. forcefully D. dot E. enduring F. capital G. agenda H. authentic I. profoundly J. dampen K. substitutes
The Myth of Sustainable Fashion
Few industries boast about their sustainability achievements more ___11___ than the fashion industry. Products ranging from swimsuits to wedding dresses are marketed as carbon positive, organic, or vegan while yoga mats made from mushrooms and sneakers from sugar cane ___12___ retail shelves. New business models including recycling, resale, rental, reuse, and repair are sold as environmental life savers. The sad truth, however, is that all this experimentation and supposed “innovation” in the fashion industry over the past 25 years have failed to lessen its planetary impact.
To fully understand just how ___13___ the market has failed the planet in the fashion industry, let’s look more closely at why sustainable fashion is anything but sustainable.
The precise negative environmental impact of the fashion industry remains unknown, but it is sizeable. The industry’s boundaries spread globally and its multi-tiered supply chain remains complex. Thanks to trade liberalization, globalization, and ___14___ cost pressures, very few brands own the assets of their upstream factories, and most companies outsource final production.
It’s not as if “sustainability” isn’t on the ___15___ for fashion companies. But several common steps that companies are taking are not having their desired effect:
Recycling: Recycling is ___16___. This is due to a host of reasons including the inability to plan design at scale due to the variability of supply; limits to recycling technology; limited infrastructure; and shorter, lower-quality fibers resulting from recycled inputs and high cost. As a result of these obstacles, less than 1% of all clothing is truly recycled into new clothing.
Bio-Based Materials: Another response to address the growing environmental footprint of fashion is the “next-gen materials industry.” Innovators are now cultivating and growing bio-based ___17___ for conventional livestock obtained materials (e.g., leather) and fossil fuel-based synthetics. Some of these new bio-based textiles can be engineered to deliver performance features alongside ___18___ such as biodegradability.
Unfortunately, these innovations are burdened by high initial costs (relative to well-established alternatives that benefit from scale economies), large requirements for ___19___ (to fund new production sites), and resistance to change. Fashion is often said to both reflect and lead culture — the industry has a once-in-history opportunity to demonstrate that creativity and respect for boundaries can lead to ___20___ sustainability.
11. ________ 12. ________ 13. ________ 14. ________ 15. ________
16. ________ 17. ________ 18. ________ 19. ________ 20. ________
III. Cloze (完形填空，选项横排，原文空下划线)
Before the age of the smartphone, aspiring photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Not everyone had cameras, and it took skill and a good eye to capture and create a great photograph. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we are all ___21___ photographers. And pretty good ones, too: The quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.
The new ease of photography has given us a huge appetite for capturing the magical and the ___22___. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat — or our cat’s breakfast.
Cameras are now everywhere. When there are major social events or natural disasters, it is ordinary citizens with cellphones — not photojournalists — who often provide the first news images. Quality still matters, but it’s less important than what’s ___23___ shared.
As people embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards seem to be ___24___. In the past, most people trusted photojournalists to accurately represent reality. Today, however, digital images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Any image can be altered to create a(n) “___25___” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer.
The question of the accuracy of images gets even ___26___ when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps which encourage the use of filters. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more ___27___, or to give them an antique look. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images — and also ___28___. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war while ___29___ us from those who fight in them.
Yet, photography has always been more ___30___ than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions — where to stand, what lens to use, and what to leave in or out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true
There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment that the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories, and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on governments, wars, and disasters. In the process, they miss out on the less ___31___ images of daily life that can be just as revealing and relevant.
Who knows Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a(n) ___32___ visual language. It’s one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce ___33___ and those who make shopping lists.
It’s not clear whether this ___34___ of image-making will lead to a public that better appreciates and understands images. Or will it simply numb us to the profound effects a well-made image can have ___35___, the change is irreversible. Let’s hope the millions of new photographs made today help us see what we all have in common, rather than what sets us apart.
21. A. outstanding B. amateur C. new D. inexperienced
22. A. extraordinary B. rare C. ordinary D. unique
23. A. instantly B. appropriately C. habitually D. occasionally
24. A. appearing B. persisting C. stabilizing D. shifting
25. A. shaped B. improved C. clarified D. anticipated
26. A. trickier B. smaller C. clearer D. simpler
27. A. functional B. artistic C. factual D. technical
28. A. improvement B. appreciation C. applause D. controversy
29. A. excluding B. freeing C. distancing D. preventing
30. A. objective B. factual C. subjective D. scientific
31. A. peaceful B. dramatic C. important D. chaotic
32. A. universal B. temporary C. specific D. permanent
33. A. poetry B. calligraphy C. journalism D. reports
34. A. seeding B. fruiting C. fading D. flowering
35. A. Consequently B. Alternatively C. Conditionally D. Regardless
IV. Reading Comprehension (阅读理解，选项分行)
Section A
Passage 1
When I was young, a single summer could feel like an entire epoch. Those endless July afternoons of our youth stretched out in a haze of heat and boredom, where the rhythmic sound of a lawn mower or the distant sound of an ice-cream truck seemed to vibrate in a world that possessed all the time in the world. Now, as an adult, the seasons flip by like the pages of a thumbed-through magazine. I blink, and it is autumn; I blink again, and the year has disappeared into nothing. This common experience raises a profound psychological question: why does time speed up as we age
Current cognitive theory suggests that our perception of duration is closely tied to the density of new experiences. To a child, whose world is an unfolding tapestry of “firsts” — the initial sight of a jellyfish or the crisp scent of a new textbook — every encounter is a vivid landmark. The brain, confronted with this constant shock of novelty, processes information with daunting intensity, creating a detailed mental map that makes time feel “thick” and expansive.
For the adult, however, life is often reduced to a series of predictable routines. When the mind knows precisely what to expect, it essentially stops recording. The “logbook” of our days is full of repetitive tasks, where Tuesday is indistinguishable from Thursday. In this state of cognitive autopilot, the brain shortens time, discarding the seemingly extra data of our habitual lives. It is a cruel irony: the more efficiently we manage our routines, the more rapidly our lives seem to slip through our fingers.
If time is measured not by the ticking of a clock but by the footprints of memory, then a life lived in autopilot is fundamentally shorter, regardless of its chronological length. To reclaim our time, we must intentionally reintroduce the “new” — to break the rhythm of the expected and force the mind to once again become a conscious observer of its own existence. As ancient philosophers suggested, we do not need more years; we need more moments that are worth the brain's effort to remember.
36. The word “epoch” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. a memorable event from the past
B. a period characterized by significant events
C. an era that seems to last for a long time
D. a short moment of childhood memories
37. Why do children perceive time as “thick”
A. Because they possess a superior biological capacity for sensory processing.
B. Because the lack of routine allows them to ignore the passage of time.
C. Because their brain's engagement with novelty demands exhaustive mental effort.
D. Because endless memories enable them to recall every detail of their youth.
38. What can be inferred from the “cruel irony” mentioned in the third paragraph
A. Professional efficiency is often achieved at the cost of personal happiness.
B. The mastery of daily habits unconsciously speed up one's psychological aging.
C. A well-organized life eventually leads to a total loss of memory for the past.
D. High productivity reduces the subjective richness of the time we have lived.
39. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage
A. The Logbook of Days: Why Routines Help Us Manage Time.
B. Footprints of Memory: Redefining the Duration of Life.
C. Breaking the Rhythm: The Art of Living in the Digital Age.
D. First Encounters: Why Childhood Memories Last Longer.
Passage 2
Guinea pig care
Guinea pigs are hardy little animals, and their easy care makes them especially affordable pets!
Medical needs
While guinea pigs do not require routine vaccinations, an annual exam and parasite check is recommended. Seek out a veterinarian who is experienced in treating guinea pigs and is familiar with medical conditions such as: colds, bladder stones, and infections. If a guinea pig seems sleepy, eats very little or nothing, or is otherwise acting abnormally, consult a veterinarian immediately. Avoid using any medications intended for dogs or cats.
Sterilizing guinea pigs carries risks and must only be done by a veterinarian with guinea pig knowledge and experience. If you choose not to sterilize your pet, we discourage pairing male and female guinea pigs together.
Diet
Guinea pigs require unlimited amounts of fresh green grass hay. Most guinea pig tablets are alfalfa based, which is fairly high in calcium. Feeding additional alfalfa hay or treats may provide too much calcium and lead to bladder stone problems in some guinea pigs.
Feed tablets are made specifically for guinea pigs. Feed approximately cup of fresh tablets per animal daily. Avoid brands that contain lots of seeds and nuts, because the fat content of these foods is often too high for adult guinea pigs and they may choke on large or whole seeds. Fresh water must always be available, preferably in an easy-to-reach water bottle. Food bowls and water bottles should be cleaned and refilled with fresh food and water daily.
Fresh greens and vegetables can be fed in moderation. Too large a quantity or variety can cause digestive or nutritional problems. Vegetables belonging to the cabbage family should be very limited (or avoided) as they can cause a serious condition. Fresh foods should always be thoroughly cleaned.
Housing needs
The best guinea pig cages are usually wire cages with a solid bottom (metal or plastic) that are easily removed for cleaning. Wire cage bottoms are not recommended as they can easily injure your pet’s toes or feet. A cage for a single guinea pig should be at least 24” wide x 24” long and at minimum 15” high. For two or more guinea pigs, a minimum 24” x 36” floor size is recommended. Add a small house inside the cage so the guinea pig has a private refuge when stressed or tired. This can be a small cardboard box or a commercially produced house available at your local pet store. Aquariums and plastic tubs are not recommended. They are usually not large enough, do not offer proper ventilation, and isolate the guinea pig from its surroundings by preventing sight, sound, and smell.
40. If you want to take care of a guinea pig, you should _______.
A. provide unlimited vegetables for its nutrition
B. use medicines which are also suitable for dogs when it doesn’t feel well
C. find a mate for it rather than sterilize it
D. avoid food which are big in size and contain too much fat
41. Which of the following statements is true about housing needs
A. A commercially produced house is the best choice because it provides better protection.
B. Any container that provides enough air and clear sight can be used as the cage.
C. A cage which is at 24” wide x 28” long and at 15” high can only be used for one guinea pig.
D. A house made of wire is recommended because it allows the guinea pig to see its surroundings.
42. According to the passage, which person is the most responsible owner of a guinea pig
A. Linda keeps it in a plastic tub and feeds it with cabbage every day.
B. David puts it in a wire cage with a solid bottom, and does not pair males with females unless they are sterilized.
C. Emily lets her mother shoulder the full responsibility of taking care of it.
D. Tom feeds it with fresh green grass but refuses to take it to the veterinarian.
Passage 3
When Kōnosuke Matsushita, the founder of Panasonic, was asked what quality he valued most in job candidates, his answer confused everyone: whether they were lucky. Not their certificates, or their intelligence, but luck. While this sounds odd, neuroscience reveals that luck, far from being a roll of cosmic dice, operates through identifiable patterns of brain chemistry and behavior. The consistently lucky are not blessed by fate; they are running different neurological “software”.
Consider the declaration “I am a lucky person”. It sounds like wishful thinking. But brain imaging shows that this shift in self-narrative activates the prefrontal cortex, moving the brain from threat-detection to opportunity-recognition mode. A self-described lucky individual notices possibilities that others, scanning the same environment, simply overlook. Over weeks and months, these perceptual micro-advantages compound. The lucky person encounters more openings, seizes more of them, and build up a track record that reinforces the original belief.
The foundation of good fortune is also surprisingly biological. Our emotional resilience depends on serotonin, a neurotransmitter whose production follows a strict daily rhythm triggered by morning sunlight and a regular sleep-wake cycle. Those with irregular routines elevate cortisol, the stress hormone, which narrows attention to immediate threats and turn a blind eye to the place where valuable discoveries live. In many cases, the long-term unlucky are merely chronically sleep-deprived.
Furthermore, lucky people possess an unusually clear awareness of their own fascinations. The brain’s dopamine system, which drives engagement, responds most powerfully to genuine interest rather than social conformity. By following their “fascination compass,” lucky individuals enter a cognitive state where they are more likely to encounter openings. They also score high on novelty-seeking — trying unfamiliar routes or talking to strangers — which acts as a lottery ticket careful individuals never buy.
You might expect that people so devoted to their own desires would be fundamentally self-centered. Yet the opposite is true. Authentic acts of helping others activate the striatum — the brain’s deepest reward center — more powerfully than receiving a benefit oneself. By giving freely, lucky people build social capital that opens doors they didn’t even know existed. Ultimately, luck is not just a matter of chance; it is a set of daily habits. It comes from a healthy daily routine, the courage to genuine curiosity, and the persistence to remain in play. None of these require exceptional talent or privilege. They require only the recognition that luck is not something that happens to you. It is something you practise quietly, daily and with more neuroscience behind it than most people imagine.
43. Which of the following is true about the saying “I am a lucky person”
A. It is nothing more than wishful thinking.
B. It helps the brain filter out environmental stimuli more efficiently.
C. It shifts individuals’ focus from threat to opportunity.
D. It provides an immediate fix for one’s bad fortune.
44. According to the passage, biological factors also contribute to one’s luck because _______.
A. serotonin production is out of human control
B. high cortisol levels are required to sharpen the brain’s focus on unexpected luck
C. healthy lifestyle habits create the chemical basis for finding opportunities
D. morning sunlight is the most important determinant of an individual's emotional resilience
45. What can we infer from the “selfishness” of lucky people
A. Their focus on personal interests is a strategy to maximize dopamine-driven engagement.
B. They are self-centered individuals who usually pursue personal gain.
C. Their dopamine system is activated only when they prioritize desires over others’ needs.
D. Following one’s fascination is a method to avoid social responsibilities.
46. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The decisive role of luck in achieving career breakthroughs.
B. The potential of positive thinking in reshaping one’s destiny.
C. A neurological and behavioral approach to practicing luck.
D. Biological limitations that determine an individual's fortune.
Section B (六选四，横线填空)
On October 5th, Katmai National Park & Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when the park’s brown bears compete with each other in a bracket challenge much like college basketball’s March Madness tournament. Fans use before and after photos to vote for the bear they think has gained the most weight over summer to prepare for hibernation. ___47___
Fat Bear Week began in 2014 as Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park ranger at Katmai, noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated a lot of online comments. He and the other rangers let people vote for the favourite fat bear on Facebook. The one-day event attracted just 1,700 votes in 2014. Last year’s week-long contest gathered nearly 800,000. Like basketball matches, fans join office bracket pools and gather to watch the live bear cams set up around the park. Some go further. For example, Jean Gross is hosting a bear-themed potluck. Guests must bring foods that appeal to both bears and humans, such as salmon and honey butter.
The contest serves two purposes besides merely praising these bears. America’s national parks are often in remote, undeveloped areas. They can be difficult and costly to travel to. ___48___ “The webcams help to democratize the experience,” says Mr Fitz, now a naturalist for explore.org, which operates the bear cams. “It’s not limited to the fortunate few who can go to the river any more.”
Second, Fat Bear Week heaps attention upon the bears, and the ecosystems they inhabit. The 2,200 bears of Katmai are so strong because they feed from one of the healthiest salmon runs in the world, says Sara Wolman, a former park ranger. ___49___ Brooks River, where Katmai’s bears like to fish, has so far avoided these threats.
___50___ Lasting for one week, it helps make feelings of doom about habitat loss and climate change go away. “Maybe things aren’t super great all the time in the world,” says Felicia Jimenez, a current Katmai ranger, “but there’s some really fat bears in Alaska.”
A. Creators and fans of Fat Bear Week argue the contest has gone viral because it is a conservation success story.
B. But what began as a specialized contest for conservationists has become a global campaign.
C. The one who gains the highest votes will be awarded endless honey butter and salmon.
D. Fat Bear Week brings Alaska’s pure wilderness to fans’ computer screens.
E. These dedicated rangers are also responsible for identifying which bears have gained the most weight.
F. Salmon in the Pacific Northwest have suffered due to overfishing, dam construction and warming rivers due to climate change.
47. ________ 48. ________ 49. ________ 50. ________
V. Summary Writing (概要写作，≤60词)
Passage
Do you share too much online
It’s good to share, right Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But with new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media
Oversharing has become connected with social media, but isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they have given away intimate details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to get close to someone. Besides, a painful developmental story lies behind the behaviour. People share too much because they have been too lonely. But they fail to understand the risks resulting from it.
Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that more negative experiences will be attracted if shared more. It seems that “sadfishing”, the idea of seeking sympathy by oversharing, is generally perceived as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.
However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post online, the more socially attractive we become on condition that the posts we share are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said we should avoid complaining too much and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense — if your date is going “that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text
So, how can you know if you are oversharing Well, why not ask your friends in real life They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your gripes about your lack of money really are too much.
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VI. Translation (汉译英)
52. 尽管缺乏经验，这位年轻教师依然全身心投入教育事业。(absence)
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53. 我忽然意识到，没有家人的陪伴，再成功的人生也会显得有些空虚。(strike)
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54. 这座古老的图书馆始于19世纪，馆藏从经典文学作品到学术著作应有尽有。(date)
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55. 那些对历史复杂性一无所知的人，往往倾向于将自己狭隘的价值观强加于整个社会。(ignorant)
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VII. Guided Writing (书信 120-150词)
假设你是明启中学高二学生李华。好友Alex沉迷读小说，随时随地阅读，挤占上课和睡眠时间，他十分困扰，写信求助。请回信谈谈你的看法并给出建议。
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参考答案
I. Grammar
1. were intended
2. Consider
3. sitting
4. but
5. where
6. That
7. that
8. either
9. saw
10. as if
II. Vocabulary
11. C 12. D 13. I 14. K 15. G
16. A 17. K 18. B 19. F 20. E
III. Cloze
21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.A 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.C 31.B 32.A 33.A 34.D 35.D
IV. Reading
Section A
36.C 37.C 38.D 39.B
40.D 41.C 42.B
43.C 44.C 45.A 46.C
Section B (六选四)
47.B 48.D 49.F 50.A
V. Summary Writing (范文)
Oversharing exists both online and offline, mainly caused by loneliness and the wish for closeness. It brings bad results like less sympathy for sad posts. Yet positive online sharing makes people more popular. Ask friends for advice to avoid oversharing.
VI. Translation
52. Despite the absence of experience, the young teacher devoted himself entirely to the cause of education.
53. It suddenly struck me that without the company of family, even the most successful life would feel somewhat empty.
54. The ancient library dates from the 19th century, whose collections range from classic literary works to academic writings.
55. Those ignorant of the complexity of history tend to impose their narrow values on the whole society.
VII. Guided Writing (范文)
Dear Alex,
I’m sorry to hear you’re troubled by your addiction to novels. It’s enjoyable to read fictions, but occupying class and sleeping time will do great harm.
First, classes are vital for knowledge learning; missing key points will affect your grades. Lack of sleep also makes you tired and unfocused all day. Here are my suggestions. Set fixed reading time only after finishing homework. Choose weekends for longer reading instead of weekdays. Also, balance reading with outdoor exercise to relax your brain.
Reading is a nice hobby, but we should arrange our time reasonably. Hope my advice helps you solve the problem.
Yours,
Li Hua

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