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Unit 5 Culture shapes us!Lesson 3 Culture and manners知识清单
Part1核心单词
1 pronounce /pr 'na ns/ v. 发音；读音
(1)pronounce v. 发音；读音
pronounce ...correctly/incorrectly 正确 / 错误发音……
(2)pronunciation n. 发音
improve one’s pronunciation 改善某人的发音
have a good/bad/clear pronunciation 发音好/差 /清晰
the pronunciation of ... ……的发音
例：Many students pronounce “th” as “s” by mistake when speaking English. 很多学生说英语时会误把“th”发成“s”的音。
After practicing for a week, Lily can finally pronounce all the vowel sounds correctly. 练习了一周后，莉莉终于能正确地读所有元音了。
Watching English short videos and repeating after the speakers is a great way to improve your pronunciation. 看英语短视频并跟着模仿，是改善发音的好方法。
2 manner /'m n (r)/ n. 习俗；方式
(1)manner n. 方式( 常用作单数)
in a...manner 以……的方式
(2)manner n. 礼貌；礼仪(常用作复数)
with good/bad manners 有礼貌 / 没礼貌
table manners 餐桌礼仪 social manners 社交礼仪
例：This is probably because North American manners and Chinese manners are so different. 这可能因为北美的习俗和中国的习俗非常不一样。
It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。
His manner was polite but cool. 他举止有礼但很冷漠。
He greeted us in a warm manner. 他热情地迎接了我们。
3 praise /pre z/ v. & n. 称赞；表扬；赞扬
(1)praise v. 称赞；表扬；赞扬
praise sb. for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事而赞扬某人
(2)praise n. 称赞；表扬；赞扬(不可数)
win high praise for 因……赢得高度赞扬
receive/get praise 受到表扬 give praise to sb. 给予某人表扬
in(high)praise of(高度)赞扬……
例：We should praise students when they try their best. 当学生们尽力而为时，我们应该表扬他们。
She praised her friend for helping her with the project. 她称赞她的朋友帮助她做这个项目。
The cook won praise for preparing the delicious meal at the event. 这位厨师因在活动中准备了美味的餐食而得到了称赞。
The movie received a lot of praise from critics. 这部电影得到了评论家们的许多赞誉。
The teacher gave her high praise for her excellent work. 老师对她出色的作品给予了高度赞扬。
4 cost /k st/ n. & v. 花费；损失
(1)cost v. 花费；损失(过去式、过去分词都是cost)
常用句式：sth. cost (s) sb. + 金钱 某物花费某人多少钱
sth. cost (s) + 金钱 某物花费多少钱
sth. cost (s) sb. + 时间 / 精力 某物花费某人时间 / 精力
(2)cost n. 花费；损失
the cost of ... …… 的费用 / 成本
at the cost of... 以…… 为代价
cut costs 削减成本；节省开支
辨析：cost, spend, take 与pay
cost 1. sth. cost(s) sb. + 金钱 / 时间 2. sth. cost(s) + 金钱
spend sb.+ spend(s) + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. / (in) doing sth.
take It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
pay sb.+ pay(s) + 金钱 + for sth.
例：This popular storybook costs me 35 yuan. 这本畅销故事书花了我 35 元。
Organizing the class party cost us two afternoons, but everyone had a great time at last. 组织班级聚会花费了我们两个下午的时间，但最后大家都玩得很开心。
The cost of school lunches has increased by 2 yuan this term because of better ingredients.这学期学校午餐费涨了 2 元，因为食材更好了。
Our class decided to cut costs by making handmade invitations for the parents’ meeting. 我们班决定自己做家长会邀请函，以节省开支。
5 guest /ɡest/ n. 客人；宾客；嘉宾
guest n. “客人；宾客；嘉宾”，指受邀请或被接待的人。
常用短语：invite a guest 邀请客人
receive guests 接待客人
as a guest 作为客人
the guest room 客房
例：The guest from Canada brought us delicious maple syrup at the class party. 那位来自加拿大的客人在班级聚会上给我们带了美味的枫糖浆。
Our class will invite three foreign teachers as guests for the English speech contest.
我们班将邀请三位外教作为客人参加英语演讲比赛。
My aunt and uncle stayed in the guest room when they visited us last weekend. 上周末姑姑和姑父来访时，住在了客房。
Part2 核心短语
1 take turns doing 轮流做……
(1)take turns doing ... 轮流做……（侧重“持续、反复的动作”）
相近短语：take turns to do... 轮流做……（侧重“具体、一次性的动作”）
(2)turn 的其他短语/ 句式：in turn 依次
by turns 时而……时而……
it’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
例：Our group takes turns preparing English corner activities. 我们小组轮流准备英语角活动。
The students take turns to clean the classroom blackboard—one person does it before class, another after class. 学生们轮流擦教室黑板，一个人课前擦，另一个人课后擦。
2 share the cost 分摊费用
例：In Canada, however, people often share the cost of a meal.
Part3 核心句子
1 I call myself Ke Wen which is pronounced like my English name.
which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 Ke Wen
2 In China, if your guests have no food on their plates, it’s polite to put food on their plates.
长难句分析：本句是一个复合句，前面是if 引导的条件状语从句，后面是主句，属于“it’s+adj.+to do sth.”句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是“to put food on their plates”。
3 I think understanding cultural differences really helps us to understand each other, live together and work together.
长难句分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句“I think”（主谓），后接省略 that 的宾语从句，结构是：“understanding cultural differences”（动名词短语作主语）+“really”（状语）+“helps”（谓语）+“us”（宾语）；宾补是“to understand..., live... and work...”。

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