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2025-2026学年第二学期高三单元考（五）英语科试题
二、阅读理解
A
The Maya (玛雅人) were good at math. They counted in groups of 20, not 10. They wrote numbers in columns going up. The bottom row was the “1s” column, the next row up was 20s, then 400s, and so on. For digits, they used a dot for 1, a line for 5, and a shell shape to show zero. Numbers 1 to 19 were written with a combination of lines and dots.
The number 1209 (three 400s + no 20s + nine 1s) would look like this: A Maya village might keep a record of the pumpkins they harvested like this:
The Maya also kept three different calendars. The first divided the year into 18 months of 20 days each, plus a short month of 5 days. The short month was believed to be unlucky, a time when spirits walked.
The second calendar repeated every 260 days. This was used to plan celebrations and predict future. This calendar counted 13 months of 20 days each. Each date had its own set of 3 symbols (day, month, and year).
When talking about events long ago, they used a calendar called the “long count.” This covered about 5,125 years. Year 1 on this calendar was 3114 BCE on our calendar.
Each city and village had a calendar keeper, who was in charge of saying when to celebrate holidays and when to expect rain or plant crops. But farmers could probably also tell the time of the year from the sun and stars.
21. How many pumpkins did the Maya village harvest according to Figure 3
A．114.
B．409.
C．414.
D．439.
22. What could the “long count” calendar be used for
A．Marking the unlucky days.
B．Recording ancient events.
C．Dividing the year into 18 months.
D．Predicting and making future plans.
23. Which learning project would this text be most suitable for
A．Design a travel plan to the Maya ruins
B．Write a report on the Maya agriculture
C．Give a presentation on Maya artistic symbols
D．Make a poster of Maya scientific achievements
B
When Mia Woods retired at 61, she knew she needed a plan. “I was worried about losing my identity as a professional. What else can I be ” she thought.
The year before, she had been told she had a mild memory problem. “I was trying to show myself that I could still think and be creative,” she says. So she decided to do — rather than be — something new: bake a pie every day for a year and give each pie away. “It made me reach out every day to somebody, so I wouldn’t be alone. And it gave me a routine,” she says.
She baked her first pie and gave it to her 88-year-old aunt, Carol. As a teenager, Mia had moved in with her aunt’s family when her mother became ill. “They gave me stability... It was the perfect first pie,” she says. She went on giving pies to former colleagues, grocery clerks, even a homeless man. As word spread, she got known as “the pie lady”.
For more than 30 years, Mia had worked as a city planner. “I’m a planner by nature, training and profession. What I really liked about it was that planning takes time, chaos, many different components, puts them all together and makes them into something manageable.” She sees the same in baking pies: “You take a bunch of ingredients and create something out of them.”
Twelve years on, Mia has continued to invent new projects, including writing a letter a day, and painting pictures of her local sky. She is writing a book about the pie experience. But she has learned more than baking. “What really came out of it was the understanding that I was someone who could do new things,” she reflects. “And my professional identity wasn’t critical to who I am.”
“Even now, after I have an encounter with somebody, I think: ‘There’s a person I wish I could give a pie to.’” says Mia.
24. What was Mia’s worry when she retired
A．Her serious mental problem.
B．Her being cut off from others.
C．Having no identity beyond career.
D．Having to change her daily routine.
25. Why did Mia give her first pie to her aunt
A．She had given Mia a home.
B．She had cared for Mia’s mum.
C．She was the oldest in the family.
D．She had built Mia’s stable character.
26. What do city planning and baking pies have in common according to Mia
A．Both require professional training.
B．Both make sense of mixed elements.
C．Both create something out of nothing.
D．Both connect people with one another.
27. What is Mia’s reflection on her experience
A．Everyone in the world deserves a pie.
B．New challenges redefine who we are.
C．Opening up to changes takes courage.
D．Simple acts can bring people together.
C
People might not realize that one basic life necessity has slipped from their control: meals. With the rise of online platforms, people enjoy the freedom to get anything quickly and at a reasonable price. However, food writer Chen Yuhui argues in her book Who Decides What to Eat that this convenience has robbed people of their autonomy over food, reflecting a greater loss of community life in a result-driven society that prioritizes efficiency.
“Many people don’t realize how often their dining choices are made for them,” Chen says. For instance, a boss’s request for overtime changes their dinner plans; or a restaurant discount offer influences where they eat. These, she explains, are passive choices.
Chen cites another common complaint: tomatoes that taste plain compared to childhood memories. This reveals a deeper loss — commercially dominant, hard-skinned varieties are “more fitting for long-distance transportation,” sacrificing flavor and the community life once built around fresh markets.
Chen also worries about the decline of people’s ability to choose food wisely. Young people buy ingredients online without market experience and may think plain food is just how it’s supposed to be. Chen further notes that online food images are “zombie-like” — they show lifeless food, unlike the fresh produce in markets, and this limits people’s imagination about food. However, when she shares tips on selecting fresh produce in markets, she often gets requests for shopping links instead.
Chen connects these attitudes to a broader mindset: “Buying groceries and cooking involve a certain level of acceptance of mistakes. Yet many today seem to have little patience with them.” The focus on results makes delivery appealing, as people believe it guarantees a better outcome.
Beyond the loss of autonomy, Chen sees something deeper in food — it’s a microcosm for understanding the world. “If you love tomatoes but find them plain, do you complain or invest effort to find flavorful ones Searching for the right variety shows different problem-solving abilities, which is what I mean by food being the smallest unit for understanding the world,” she concludes.
28. What does the first paragraph mainly introduce
A．Advances in food technology.
B．The hidden cost of food convenience.
C．Changing habits of dining out.
D．The popularity of online food shopping.
29. What does Chen mean by describing online food images as “zombie-like”
A．They look too perfect to be real.
B．They discourage interest in cooking.
C．They push people to order takeout.
D．They fail to show real and lively food.
30. What does people’s preference for delivery reveal
A．Their desire to avoid uncertainty.
B．Their over-reliance on technology.
C．Their view of cooking as a burden.
D．Their separation from food sources.
31. What message does the text want to convey
A．Returning to markets can restore food autonomy.
B．The loss of food flavor is unavoidable nowadays.
C．Online platforms have changed people’s lifestyle.
D．Our relationship with food mirrors our world view.
D
Chinese scientists have developed a new refrigeration method that solves a long-standing challenge in cooling technology. Published in Nature, the study responds to rising energy demands in applications ranging from food preservation to data center cooling.
Traditional vapor-compression systems consume vast amounts of electricity and rely on harmful refrigerants. In China, refrigeration accounts for nearly 20% of the nation’s electricity use and 7.8% of its carbon emissions (碳排放). While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application.
Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. They used a common, non-toxic salt whose dissolution (溶解) in water absorbs large amounts of heat. Conversely, applying pressure causes the salt to come out and release heat. Cycling this pressure achieves continuous cooling.
“Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid,” Li said. “This solves the ‘impossible triangle’ — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once.”
Lab tests showed a temperature drop of nearly 30°C in just 20 seconds at room temperature, and up to 54°C at higher temperatures — significantly outperforming existing solid coolers. A prototype cycle achieved a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with nearly 77% efficiency. The system also proved stable, reversible, and instantly responsive to pressure changes.
“This technology moves beyond traditional refrigeration principles,” Li added. “By turning the coolant into a fluid, it opens the door to high-performance, zero-emission cooling for homes and industry.”
He noted the method’s strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. While engineering challenges remain, especially in achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles, the principle could be adapted to other materials for diverse cooling needs.
32. What is the main problem with traditional solid-state cooling systems
A．They transfer heat poorly.
B．They produce harmful gases.
C．They fail at high temperature.
D．They use too much electricity.
33. What is the key innovation of the new cooling method
A．Using salt instead of chemical refrigerants.
B．Increasing pressure inside traditional systems.
C．Replacing pressure cycles with continuous flow.
D．Combining solid cooling with liquid heat transfer.
34. Why does the author mention the “impossible triangle” in the text
A．To highlight the value of the new system.
B．To illustrate the design of the new system.
C．To explain why old systems are still in use.
D．To show the limitations of previous systems.
35. What does Li Bing see as a promising application of the new technology
A．Preserving food in supply chains.
B．Replacing traditional home refrigerators.
C．Cooling future AI data centers.
D．Achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles.
七选五
Confidence is infectious. Someone who speaks with total certainty is more likely to inspire than someone who is hesitant. ____36____ It found that more confident letters were associated with more successful commercial co-operations.
Confidence — even overconfidence — can also lead to higher status. In a 2012 study, MBA students were asked to take an online survey. The questionnaire asked them if they knew certain names, events and works of art. ____37____ At the end of the term, classmates rated the overly confident students — those who had picked the most fictional entries — as the most influential.
____38____ One study found that overconfident bosses were more likely to buy other companies. These purchases were also more likely to fail. Another paper looked at the link between CEOs’ confidence and their earning forecasts. Researchers found that bosses with too much self-belief were slower to adjust their forecasts when they were wrong. ____39____
This leads to two broad suggestions for managers to reflect on. First, overconfident people need clear rules. A newspaper found that puffed-up bosses at high-tech firms had a better record of making breakthrough innovations if they were watched by powerful and expert boards. Second, self-doubters need encouragement to fulfil their potential. ____40____ Studies showed that when people were reminded of their own power, they performed better in interviews and presentations. Confidence can be natural. It can also be stimulated.
A．They didn’t know that some of the choices were made up.
B．A study analysed the language used in letters from investors.
C．Simply put, overconfident bosses stayed wrong for a longer time.
D．Overconfident people tend to be promoted to leadership positions.
E．As much as confidence brings rewards, however, it also brings danger.
F．Therefore, experts suggest creating a more relaxing work environment.
G．This support can come from managers, advisors, or even from themselves.
三、完形填空
Despite my successful career, performance anxiety has been my constant companion. It first struck during an exam at university. For thirty minutes, my mind went completely blank, unable to ___41___ a single word from the paper. Although I ___42___ recovered and achieved a decent result, the regret remained: what if I hadn’t ___43___
Years later, as a professional, I frequently gave ___44___. Usually, a few deep breaths would calm my nerves. However, one day, while heading to address students on how to improve learning efficiency, I ___45___ the subway exit. The mistake ___46___ me precious time, and I rushed into the hall just five minutes before the start.
Seeing the audience already ___47___, I felt a wave of terror washing over me. This time, the breathing technique ___48___. When I finally began to speak, my voice shook uncontrollably. In that ___49___ moment, I made a sudden decision. I admitted my fear to the students. Immediately, their eyes filled with ___50___ instead of judgment.
For the next ten minutes, I shared my story, explaining that everyone has weaknesses that may never be fully ___51___. I told them that no one is perfect, but ___52___ ourselves can make us better. The two-hour session ended with unexpected warmth. Later, a friend mentioned how ___53___ the students were to try the methods I shared. I explained that the success lay in my ___54___ interaction. Sometimes, what truly touches hearts is not a perfect speech, but the ___55___ to share our real selves.
41. A．take in B．bring up C．look for D．send out
42. A．actually B．eventually C．quickly D．suddenly
43. A．passed B．recovered C．panicked D．finished
44. A．advice B．feedback C．lectures D．performances
45. A．forgot B．found C．changed D．misjudged
46. A．cost B．won C．bought D．spared
47. A．bored B．seated C．chatting D．leaving
48. A．helped B．mattered C．responded D．failed
49. A．surprising B．desperate C．magical D．unforgettable
50. A．anger B．doubt C．curiosity D．sympathy
51. A．overcome B．forgiven C．understood D．neglected
52. A．behaving B．describing C．accepting D．loving
53. A．eager B．hesitant C．proud D．confused
54. A．meaningful B．inspiring C．casual D．honest
55. A．motivation B．courage C．technique D．determination
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Architecture studio Penda has released visualizations of its “Yin-Yang House” — a home designed for a tiny plot near the German city of Kassel. Founded by architects Chris Precht and Dayong Sun, the studio created this home for a young family ___56___ (target) a self-sufficient lifestyle in the countryside.
Given the site’s compact (紧凑的) nature, the only space available ___57___ (grow) fruit, vegetables and herbs is the roof. Penda therefore designed the roof as a series of terraces (露台) that create a ___58___ (function) garden. “Whenever architects design a building, they take ___59___ area away that used to belong to nature,” said the studio, “and we try to give this space back.”
The building’s form consists of two interlocking sections based on the symbol for Yin-Yang — a Chinese philosophy that describes how ___60___ (seeming) opposing forces can combine to create a ___61___ (balance) and strong whole. The unique roof features stepped levels going up from the center, like the way mountains rise on either side of a valley.
The sloping (倾斜的) roof ensures that rainwater ___62___ (channel) towards a tank below for ___63___ (store) to water the plants. Throughout the year, the plants will change ___64___ the seasons, varying the building’s appearance.
The “Yin-Yang House” integrates living and working spaces, architecture and nature, creating a truly self-sufficient home, ___65___ timeless wisdom meets the future of green design.
五、书信写作
66. 假定你是李华。你的外国笔友 Mark 在邮件中说，学校摄影比赛中有幅作品因使用AI技术生成而被取消参评资格。请你回复邮件谈谈你对这一事件的看法及理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
Thanks for sharing the disqualified photo case with me.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。词数150左右。
Last summer, we moved into a beautiful house where sunlight flooded the kitchen every morning. The only downside was the backyard: behind tall, messy bushes lay an old pond, dry and smelly. “Let’s bring it back to life!” I suggested. My parents smiled and agreed.
It became our family’s summer project. We cleaned out the mud and lined the edge with pretty stones. At the garden shop, I chose cattails and water lilies. “They float like little umbrellas,” Mum said. “Yes,” I replied proudly, “and they keep the water cool and clean.” Then came the best part: two tiny goldfish — Spotty and Sparkly.
I also asked about a pond heater. I’d read that if the pond froze solid in winter, the fish would run out of oxygen. They needed a small hole in the ice to breathe, which a heater could keep open. But they were sold out. As we left, I noticed a poster listing clever ideas to prevent ice from sealing (封住) the pond — for example, keeping the water moving, since flowing water doesn’t freeze easily. I thought we’d get a heater long before winter, so I didn’t think much of them.
Soon, baby fish appeared! Frogs and butterflies often visited too. Our pond felt like a living ecosystem.
Then one evening, the weather report warned of an early freeze — colder and sooner than usual. My stomach dropped. We still didn’t have a heater! Dad immediately ordered one online. “It’ll arrive before the ice forms,” he promised.
Early the next morning, I woke to a world covered in white. I threw on my coat and ran to the pond. It was frozen with clear ice — no open water! Yet I could still see the fish moving slowly beneath.
I rushed back inside. Dad had already called the delivery company, but they said it wouldn’t arrive today because of the icy roads. “The fish can only last half a day without fresh air!” I cried.
“Let’s think of something now,” Mum said.
So we started brainstorming ideas together.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
By nine o’clock, we had built a simple device to keep a hole open in the ice.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
二、阅读理解
21.C 22.B 23.D
24.C 25.A 26.B 27.B
28.B 29.D 30.A 31.D
32.A 33.D 34.A 35.C
36.B 37.A 38.E 39.C 40.G
三、完形填空
41.A 42.B 43.C 44.C 45.D
46.A 47.B 48.D 49.B 50.D
51.A 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.B
四、语法填空
56.targeting
shtur grow
58.functional
59.an
60.seemingly
61.balanced
62.is channelled
63.storage
64.with
65.where
五、书信写作范文
Dear Mark,
Thanks for sharing the disqualified photo case with me. I think the school’s decision is reasonable.
Photography competition values original creation based on real shooting. AI works lack real shooting experience and personal feelings. Besides, it’s unfair to other participants who spent much time taking photos.
However, AI art can be held in separate themed contests. What’s your opinion
Best wishes,
Li Hua
六、读后续写范文
So we started brainstorming ideas together. We recalled the poster’s tips about flowing water. Dad got a small water pump from the garage, while Mum fetched a bucket and several thick foam boards to block ice around the hole. I took a soft hammer to carefully break a small opening without hurting the fish below. We worried the hole would freeze again quickly once we left.
By nine o’clock, we had built a simple device to keep a hole open in the ice. The pump circulated water constantly around the opening, stopping new ice from covering it. We checked the pond every hour the whole day. The goldfish swam actively near the gap, breathing fresh oxygen. We felt so relieved. That cold day taught us simple homemade solutions could protect little lives, and the pond stayed lively all winter long.

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