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2026年人教版英语八年级下册期末复习
专题04阅读理解
（一）细节理解题
解题策略：
1.读题干，找到其中的关键词
2.根据关键词，定位到原文中的有效信息
3.正确答案是原文有效信息的同义改写
（二）词义猜测题
解题策略：
1、根据定义、构词法 、 同义词 、 反义词 、 生活常
识 、 上下文等猜测词义。
2、一词多义
（三）推理判断题
解题策略：
做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章的字面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意。找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。
主旨大意题
解题策略：
1、抓住主题句，锁定文章中心。
2、抓段落主题，概括文章大意。
3、留心关键词，串联细节，推断文章主旨。
（一）
How do people greet visitors In most countries, people shake hands when they meet. However, the world is made up of many different cultures. Other cultures have special customs. Read on to find out!
France France is famous for its people’s romantic (浪漫的) way of greeting. They touch their face and make a kissing sound. Brazil Come and take a bath! Indians in Brazil(巴西) love bathing very much. When you visit them, they will invite you to take a bath in a river with them.
Thailand People in Thailand press their hands together and bow to greet each other. If you hold your hands higher or take a lower bow, you show more respect to others. New Zealand The custom of welcoming someone is called the “hongi”. People touch their noses together when they meet. They are sharing their breath with their guests.
1．How many ways of greeting are there in the passage
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
2．Which country greets people by touching noses
A．France. B．Brazil. C．Thailand. D．New Zealand.
3．Which part of the newspaper is the passage taken from
A．Science. B．Culture. C．Travel. D．Business.
（二）
How do you greet your friends or visitors In most countries, people shake hands when they meet. But others are different. How do they greet Read on to find out!
Aloha (你好), Hawaii Flowers are everywhere in Hawaii. People use them to welcome visitors. They put a flower lei (夏威夷花环) around your neck. They say “aloha” to you!
Take a bath together Come and take a bath! Indians in Brazil love bathing very much. When you visit them, they will invite you to take a bath in a river with them. What a fun way of greeting!
Cheek kissing in France This country is famous for its romantic (浪漫的) way of greeting. They touch your cheeks and make a kissing sound.
Bowing In Thailand, people there press their palms together and bow to greet each other. If you hold your hands higher or take a lower bow, you show more respect to others.
4．How do Indians greet others in Brazil
A．They bow to greet each other.
B．They touch their cheeks and make a kissing sound.
C．They put a flower lei around your neck.
D．They invite you to take a bath in a river with them.
5．Which of the following countries is not talked about in the text
A．France. B．Brazil. C．New Zealand. D．Thailand.
6．When greeting friends in different countries, ________.
A．people in Hawaii like to kiss each other B．you should greet them in different ways
C．you will take a bath in a river in Tailand D．people don’t shake hands
（三）
Li Ming reads a book about rivers, and then he makes some notes.
The Yellow River ·5,464 kilometers long ·A mother river of China ·Goes into the Bohai Sea The Liaohe River ·1,345 kilometers long ·Goes into the Bohai Sea
The Zhujiang River ·2,320 kilometers long ·Runs through Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and so on ·Goes into the South China Sea The Nile River ·6,650 kilometers long ·Runs through eastern Africa ·Goes into the Mediterranean (地中海)
7．How long is the Liaohe River
A．1,345 kilometers. B．2,320 kilometers.
C．5,464 kilometers. D．6,650 kilometers.
8．The Zhujiang River goes into _________.
A．the Bohai Sea B．the Yellow Sea
C．the South China Sea D．the Mediterranean
9．What is the theme (主题) of the text
A．Travel. B．History. C．Health. D．Nature.
（四）
Song Hui is from Tianjin. Now he studies at an international school in Beijing. Today, Song Hui’s English teacher, Miss White, asked everyone in her class to finish a questionnaire (问卷). Here is Song Hui’s questionnaire.
QuestionnaireName: Song Hui Age: 13 1. What are your hobbies □Reading Playing sports □Watching films/TV shows Drawing Cooking Playing musical instruments □Gardening □ Taking photos 2. How often do you enjoy the hobbies □Less than twice a week □Three times a week More than four times a week 3. How long do you spend on the hobbies each time □1 hour 2 hours □3-4 hours 4. Who do you enjoy the hobbies with Parents □Friends Classmates □Teachers 5. Did you join any clubs for the hobbies at school Yes □No 6. Do you want to keep the hobbies Yes □No
10．What can we know about Song Hui
A．He comes from Beijing. B．His Chinese teacher is Miss White.
C．He is a fourteen-year-old boy. D．He studies at an international school.
11．What does Song Hui like doing
A． B． C． D．
12．Miss White wants to know________ from the questionnaire.
A．students’ hobbies B．students’ school clubs
C．students’ favorite sports D．students’ school life
（五）
The Uyuni Salt Flat (乌尤尼盐沼), located in southwestern Bolivia, is known as the “Mirror of the Sky”. After the rain, this place looks like a mirror. It reflects the sky so perfectly that you can’t tell where the ground ends and where the sky begins. The amazing mirror effect doesn’t come out of thin air. It is made probably by three key factors (因素).
The first and most important factor is the flat ground. The ground of the Uyuni Salt Flat is one of the flattest on Earth. The salt flat (盐沼) was formed when ancient lakes dried up over time. When the water of these lakes evaporated (蒸发), a thick and flat layer (层) of salt was left behind. This made the ground almost perfectly flat. Therefore, when it rains, the water doesn’t collect in water holes. Instead, it forms an even (平滑的) layer of water on the top of the salt. This is what creates the huge natural mirror.
The rainfall also plays an important role. It can’t be a storm. Just enough rain to cover the layer of salt is perfect. If the rain is heavy, water holes will form and the mirror effect will be lost.
Besides, calm weather is necessary for the clear mirror effect. Even a small wind can make waves on the water. These waves will break up the clear reflection and take away the magical experience.
The mirror effect mainly appears during the rainy season, which runs from December to March. If you want to see the beautiful view, you need to know that the effect doesn’t last long. When the water evaporates under the sun, the “mirror” disappears and the ground turns back into hard, white salt.
13．What does the underlined part “come out of thin air” in Para. 1 mean
A．Appear in a clear sky. B．Happen for no reason. C．Be planned carefully.
14．What do we know about the Uyuni Salt Flat from Para. 2
A．Wind makes the salt flat flat little over time.
B．The flat ground lets rainwater become a smooth water layer.
C．Water holes are often found across the surface of the salt flat.
15．What does Para. 3 mainly talk about
A．The importance of wind in forming the “mirror”.
B．The influence of storms on the Uyuni Salt Flat.
C．The role of rainfall in creating the mirror effect.
16．Which best shows the right structure of the passage
A．①/②③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①②/③④/⑤
（六）
①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening.
②For weeks, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They burned down a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe a fire would leave trees safe. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes ” they asked. The answer is no. As many pictures show, trees can and do catch fire.
③But it’s true that some didn’t burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that.
④It’s all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology teacher. “Trees are filled with plenty of water. Clearly, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree.”
⑤Besides, the tree type also matters. Certain trees catch fire more easily. Deciduous (落叶的) trees, for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for coniferous trees (针叶树), things are different.
⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They are a symbol of the city. But palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So the government advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and put the people nearby in danger.
17．What does the underlined word “moisture” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Environment. B．Height. C．Temperature. D．Wetness.
18．What can you infer from the passage
A．All trees remained unchanged in Los Angeles during the fires.
B．The fire may go around the tree because the nearby dry things will burn first.
C．Comparing to other trees, coniferous trees are harder to catch fire.
D．People in Los Angeles like Palm trees and give proper care to them.
19．Which of the following shows the best structure of this text
A． B． C． D．
20．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text
A．To warn people not to use fires in the wild.
B．To suggest Los Angeles stop planting palm trees.
C．To ask people to help control the fires in Los Angeles.
D．To explain why some trees can stay safe from wildfires.
（七）
Do you know mountains that look like huge stone pillars (石柱) Many people feel surprised when they first see the special mountains in Zhangjiajie. How did these mountains form Let’s travel through time to discover their story.
Long ago, Zhangjiajie was under water. Rivers brought sand to the seabed. Year after year, new sand fell on the old sand. The sand layers (层) grew thicker (更厚的) and thicker like a giant cake baking in the oven, with each new layer pressing the old ones tighter. The heavy new sand pushed the old sand together. After millions of years, the sand became hard rock.The hard rock was sandstone.
Then, something amazing happened. The seabed slowly ascended and became dry land.The sandstone started breaking into big pieces.
Now came nature’s artists—wind and water. Strong winds blew against the sandstone, while rainwater made small holes (洞) in the stones. Like a knife cutting cakes, rivers flowed (流淌) through these holes and made them deeper. These two natural artists slowly changed the sandstone into beautiful stone pillars.
But this story isn’t over. Even now, wind and rain keep making the stone pillars smaller. Every year, these pillars lose a tiny bit of their height, like candles melting slowly. And then new cracks (裂缝) appear. Scientists say that after millions more years, these stone pillars will completely disappear. So we’re ▲ to see this natural wonder before it’s all gone.
21．What was Zhangjiajie like long ago
A．A dry desert. B．A big forest. C．A wide grassland. D．A water world.
22．What does the underlined word “ascended” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Moved up. B．Warmed up. C．Came around. D．Turned around.
23．Which of the following can we put in the “ ▲ ” in the last paragraph
A．worried B．sorry C．confident D．lucky
24．What’s the purpose of the text
A．To tell us what makes the mountains disappear.
B．To advise where visitors should go in Zhangjiajie
C．To show us how the stone pillars grew over the years.
D．To tell us why we need to look after the mountains.
（八）
The Little Prince—An adventure of love and life
The Little Prince tells a story about a lonely, sad child. He lives on a small planet. One day, he left his planet, and started to travel. He passed through all kinds of planets, and later he arrived at the Earth. Finally, he returned to his planet. This book is more popular with adults than children.
Robinson Crusoe—A story of adventure
Because the ship was broken, Robinson drifted (漂泊) to an island where there was nobody on it. He lived by his hard-working hands and perseverance (毅力). It was not until 28 years later that Robinson returned to his own country—England. This is a book that boys like to read.
The Wizard of Oz—A tale of dangerous experiences
Dorothy, the main character, is an ordinary girl. She lives in the countryside with her uncle and aunt. She has few friends and her life is boring. In a tornado, she came to a magical land. Her adventure experience is wonderful and interesting. Many girls like to read this book.
Charlotte’s Web—A story of friendship and courage (勇气)
Wilbur, a weak young pig, is worried about being killed for dinner. His friend Charlotte, a clever spider (蜘蛛), promises to save him. She writes words like “Some Pig” and “Terrific” in her web to make Wilbur famous. With Charlotte’s help and Wilbur’s own kindness, the pig becomes a special animal on the farm. Both boys and girls love this heartwarming story about friendship and hope.
25．Which of the following can best describe Robinson
A．Kind and shy. B．Wise and friendly.
C．Caring and funny. D．Strong and hard-working.
26．Where did Dorothy go after a tornado
A．To a wonderful place full of magic. B．To a nice place with many books.
C．To a lovely world with a lot of girls. D．To the countryside with her uncle and aunt.
27．Which book is about friendship and hope
A．Charlotte’s Web. B．Robinson Crusoe. C．The Wizard of Oz. D．The Little Prince.
28．In which part of a newspaper can you find the text
A．Society. B．Natural Wonder. C．Literary World. D．Health & Medicine.
（九）
Tom Sawyer is a naughty boy who lives in a small town on the Mississippi River. He doesn’t like going to school or doing homework. He likes playing tricks on his friends and having adventures.
One day, Tom and his friend Huck Finn go to the graveyard at night. They see three men: Injun Joe, Muff Potter and Dr. Robinson. The three men are fighting, and Injun Joe kills Dr. Robinson. Then he blames Muff Potter for the murder. Tom and Huck are very scared, so they run away and promise not to tell anyone what they saw.
Muff Potter is put in prison. Tom feels very guilty because he knows Muff is innocent. He decides to tell the truth in court. At the trial, Tom tells everyone that Injun Joe is the real killer. Injun Joe jumps out of the window and runs away.
Later, Tom and Huck go to an old house looking for treasure. They find Injun Joe there, and he has a box of gold. But Injun Joe doesn’t see them. The boys run away and decide to come back later.
A few days later, Tom and his friend Becky get lost in a cave. They are lost for three days and are very hungry and tired. Finally, Tom finds a way out. The people in the town are very happy to see them.
After that, Tom and Huck go back to the cave and find the treasure. They become rich. Huck is adopted by the Widow Douglas, and they live happily ever after.
29．Who killed Dr. Robinson
A．Tom Sawyer. B．Huck Finn. C．Injun Joe. D．Muff Potter.
30．What does Tom do at the trial
A．He runs away.
B．He tells the truth.
C．He blames Muff Potter.
D．He says he didn’t see anything.
31．Where do Tom and Becky get lost
A．In a cave. B．In an old house. C．In the graveyard. D．In the forest.
32．What do Tom and Huck find in the cave
A．A box of gold. B．A dead body. C．Some books. D．Some food.
（十）
On a cold winter morning, a little girl was selling matches on the street. She was wearing old and thin clothes and her feet were bare. She had no shoes and no socks. She was very cold and hungry, but she couldn’t go home because she hadn't sold any matches all day. Her father would beat her if she went home without any money.
The little girl sat down in a corner between two houses. She lit a match to warm her hands. Suddenly, she saw a warm stove in front of her. She reached out her hands to the stove, but the match went out and the stove disappeared.
She lit another match. This time, she saw a beautiful table with a big turkey on it. The turkey was so delicious that she could almost taste it. But just as she was about to eat, the match went out and the table disappeared.
She lit a third match. Now she saw a Christmas tree. It was decorated with colorful lights and beautiful presents. Under the tree, there were many toys and candies. The little girl smiled happily. But again, the match went out and the Christmas tree disappeared.
She lit a fourth match. This time, she saw her grandmother. Her grandmother was the only person who had ever been kind to her. She had died a few years ago. “Grandmother!” the little girl cried. “Take me with you! I know you will leave me when the match goes out.”
Her grandmother smiled and held out her arms. The little girl lit all the remaining matches to keep her grandmother with her. The matches burned brightly, and her grandmother took her hand. They flew up into the sky together, where there was no cold, no hunger and no pain.
The next morning, people found the little girl lying dead in the corner. Her face was smiling and there were still some burnt matches in her hand.
33．Why couldn’t the little girl go home
A．Because she lost her way. B．Because she didn’t want to go home.
C．Because she hadn’t sold any matches. D．Because her parents didn’t want her to come back.
34．What did the little girl see when she lit the first match
A．A warm stove. B．A big turkey. C．A Christmas tree. D．Her grandmother.
35．Who was the only person who had ever been kind to the little girl
A．Her father. B．Her mother. C．Her grandmother. D．Her teacher.
36．What can we learn from the story
A．We should be kind to poor people. B．Matches are very useful.
C．We should not sell matches on the street. D．Christmas is a happy time.
（十一）
If you are looking for somewhere special to visit in London, we may have the answer for you: Sir John Soane’s Museum. The museum is one of London’s best-kept secrets, and it’s well worth a visit. Sir John, a great architect, lived in London during the 18th century (1753—1837), and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it. In fact, visiting the house is just like stepping back in time.
There are three floors which are open to the public. You can start on the first floor. This was Sir John’s work area. You can ask the guards about the paintings on the walls as they tell you something about his family and life. And don’t worry about the guards as they are really nice and helpful. Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor. Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series of interesting paintings about 18th-century life in London. Now comes the last part, the underground floor. It’s full of thousands of valuable objects, such as sculptures and models of famous buildings from all over the world. Walking around this part of the house is a bit like being on a treasure hunt, as you can find things hidden away in secret corners. Anyway, you’ll have to go there yourself to see.
Sir John Soane’s Museum is a very small place. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk from the British Museum. There is a free hour-long guided tour every Saturday at 2:30 p.m., but the best thing is just to walk about by yourself. So now you know where to go next time you’re in London. We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!
37．Why is Sir John Soane’s Museum special according to Paragraph 1
A．It is the oldest museum in London. B．There is a time machine in it.
C．It is kept the same as Sir John left it. D．There are lots of secret boxes in it.
38．In which order does the writer advise people to visit the museum
①the underground floor ②the ground floor ③the first floor
A．①②③ B．②①③ C．①③② D．③②①
39．What can be seen on the ground floor of the museum
A．A series of interesting paintings. B．Pictures of Sir John and his family.
C．A valuable collection of sculptures. D．Models of famous buildings in the world.
40．What does the underlined word “guarantee” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Hear. B．Decide. C．Promise. D．Remember.
（十二）
From Fear to Understanding: Studying Volcanic Activity
Volcanic eruptions are one of the most shocking forces of nature. For centuries, human beings feared volcanoes because sudden eruptions could bury towns under lava and volcanic ash, destroy farmland and pollute air for hundreds of kilometers. With the development of geological science, scientists no longer only fear volcanoes but study them carefully to discover their hidden value.
Volcanoes form when high-temperature magma under the earth’s crust breaks through weak rock layers on the surface. Active volcanoes may erupt at any time, while dormant volcanoes have not erupted for hundreds of years but still have potential risks, and extinct volcanoes will never erupt again. Geologists use temperature sensors, gas detectors and ground vibration monitors to track active volcanoes. They can forecast possible eruptions weeks or even months ahead, giving local residents enough time to evacuate safely.
Though volcanic eruptions bring short-term destruction, they create long-term natural advantages. Volcanic rock weathers into extremely fertile soil rich in minerals. Many famous agricultural regions around the world are built on volcanic soil, producing high-quality fruits, grapes and grains. Volcanic hot springs carry dissolved minerals, which are good for human skin and physical relaxation. In Iceland, people even use volcanic geothermal heat to warm houses and generate clean electricity, greatly reducing fossil fuel consumption.
In our Unit 11 project task, we were divided into groups to make posters about volcanoes. My group focused on volcanic disaster prevention measures, including staying away from low-lying lava flow areas, covering mouths and noses with wet cloth against ash smoke, and following official evacuation routes instead of running blindly. This project changed my old view: nature’s powerful forces are not just enemies of humans. If we learn scientific knowledge, observe natural rules and make reasonable preparations, we can live in harmony with volcanoes and other natural phenomena.
41．Why did ancient people fear volcanic eruptions
A．Volcanoes produced terrible loud noises continuously.
B．Eruptions would destroy living areas and pollute wide areas.
C．Volcanic magma could change local climate permanently.
D．No plant could grow on land affected by volcanoes forever.
42．What equipment do scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions
A．Weather balloons and rainfall gauges.
B．Ground vibration monitors and gas detectors.
C．Telescope cameras and seawater testers.
D．Wind speed meters and soil moisture sensors.
43．What benefit does volcanic soil bring
A．It can stop flood water from spreading.
B．It is highly fertile for crop planting.
C．It can be made into building bricks directly.
D．It absorbs harmful gases in the air.
44．Which safety measure is correct during a volcanic eruption
A．Run down to low valleys to avoid volcanic ash.
B．Breathe fresh air without any covering on the face.
C．Leave dangerous areas along official evacuation paths.
D．Stay at home and watch lava flows through open windows.
45．What is the theme of the passage
A．The formation, influence and human coping methods of volcanoes.
B．Different types of natural geological disasters on Earth.
C．How students finish English project posters at school.
D．Clean energy developed from all natural forces.
（十三）
Volunteer Work After a Landslide
Last month, a heavy week-long rainfall caused a landslide in Green Hills Village, a small mountain village two hours away from our city. Rocks and mud rushed down the hillside, blocking the main road, burying several farm fields and damaging twelve wooden houses. Our school organized a volunteer team of thirty Grade Eight students to offer help last weekend.
Before setting off, our geography teacher gave us a 90-minute training course. He taught us how to move small fallen stones safely without getting hit by rolling rocks, how to pack clean drinking water and instant food for homeless villagers, and basic first-aid skills for minor cuts and bruises. He stressed that we must follow adult volunteers’ orders strictly and never walk alone on the slippery hillside.
When we arrived at the village, we divided ourselves into three groups. Group One cleared small stones and branches on the temporary walking path to make it passable for rescue vehicles. My group, Group Two, visited homeless families staying in community tents. We handed out blankets, disinfectant wipes and kids’ stationery. I talked with an old grandma whose vegetable garden was completely buried. She did not complain too much; she said she was thankful that no one in her family was injured. Group Three worked with firemen to check hidden risks of secondary landslides after rainfall.
We worked from 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. with only a one-hour lunch break. We felt tired with sore arms and legs when we returned home, but none of us regretted the activity. This volunteer experience taught me two important lessons. First, forces of nature can destroy people’s living environments quickly, so disaster prevention education is vital for every community. Second, small efforts from teenagers can bring warmth and practical help to people in trouble. Next month, our school will set up a long-term disaster volunteer club, and I plan to sign up right away.
46．What directly led to the landslide in Green Hills Village
A．A powerful earthquake.
B．Non-stop heavy rain for seven days.
C．Excessive tree cutting on mountains.
D．Sudden melting mountain snow.
47．What did students learn in the pre-volunteer training
A．How to rebuild damaged wooden houses.
B．Professional medical treatment for serious wounds.
C．Safe rock clearing and simple first-aid knowledge.
D．How to drive rescue transport vehicles.
48．What was the duty of Group Two
A．Clearing the blocked main highway of the village.
B．Distributing supplies to villagers living in tents.
C．Checking potential secondary geological disasters.
D．Planting new trees on the bare hillside.
49．What can we learn about the old grandma
A．She lost all her family members in the landslide.
B．She was grateful that her family stayed safe and sound.
C．She refused the supplies offered by student volunteers.
D．She planned to move away from the mountain village forever.
50．Why does the writer want to join the school volunteer club
A．To earn extra scores for geography courses.
B．To gain more experience in disaster volunteer service.
C．To take free professional driving lessons from firemen.
D．To rebuild the buried vegetable gardens for villagers.
（十四）
How Thunderstorms Shape Our World
Thunderstorms are one of the most common forces of nature, yet few people fully understand how they form and influence human life. A thunderstorm begins when warm, wet air rises quickly into the cold upper sky. As the air cools down, water drops gather together to form clouds. Inside the clouds, ice pieces rub against each other and build up electric charges. When the charges become too strong, lightning flashes, and the rapid heating of air around lightning creates thunder.
Most thunderstorms only last 30 to 45 minutes, but strong ones can turn into severe storms that bring heavy rain, strong winds and even hail. Every year, thunderstorms cause billions of dollars in damage around the world. They can knock down power lines, flood low-lying streets and damage farm crops. However, thunderstorms are not all bad. The heavy rainfall they bring supplies fresh water to lakes, rivers and farmlands, especially in dry inland areas. Lightning also helps fix nitrogen in the soil, which works as a natural fertilizer for plants.
For teenagers, learning thunderstorm safety rules is necessary. If you are outdoors during a thunderstorm, never stand under tall trees or metal fences. Do not swim in open water because water easily carries electricity. When staying indoors, avoid touching wired electronic products like desktop computers and wired telephones. Many students make the mistake of opening windows to watch lightning; strong wind and flying broken things may hurt them.
Scientists use weather satellites and radar machines to watch thunderstorms these days. They can send warnings 1 to 3 hours before a bad thunderstorm arrives, giving people time to get ready. As we study forces of nature more deeply, we can reduce harm and make good use of natural events.
51．What is the first step of thunderstorm formation
A．Ice pieces rub inside clouds.
B．Warm wet air rises rapidly upwards.
C．Lightning produces loud thunder.
D．Water drops fall down as rain.
52．What good influence do thunderstorms have
A．They cut down human daily costs.
B．They produce natural fertilizer for soil.
C．They clear waste water in cities.
D．They cool down seawater in summer.
53．Which action is safe during a thunderstorm
A．Standing under a big oak tree.
B．Making calls with a wireless mobile phone indoors.
C．Swimming in the community outdoor pool.
D．Standing beside open bedroom windows.
54．How do scientists predict thunderstorms in advance
A．By watching cloud changes with telescopes.
B．By checking daily temperature records.
C．By using satellites and radar equipment.
D．By collecting reports from local villagers.
55．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The formation, effects and safety knowledge of thunderstorms.
B．Different kinds of natural disasters and their damage.
C．Ways for scientists to study all forces of nature.
D．Daily bad weather and its influence on students
参考答案
1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍不同国家问候习俗的说明文，以表格形式列举了法国、巴西、泰国、新西兰这四个国家的特色问候方式，展现了不同文化背景下独特的社交礼仪，让读者了解到除握手外，世界各地还有许多有趣的问候传统。
【详解】1．根据文章表格内容可知，文中分别介绍了France（法国）、Brazil（巴西）、Thailand（泰国）、New Zealand（新西兰）这四个国家的问候方式，以及文章开头中“ In most countries, people shake hands when they meet.”，因此共计五种。
2．定位到表格中New Zealand部分，根据句子“People touch their noses together when they meet.（人们见面时鼻子碰在一起），可知新西兰人通过碰鼻来问候。
3．文章主要介绍了不同国家独特的问候习俗和文化差异（customs and cultures），属于风俗文化范畴，而非科学、旅游或商业内容，因此最可能出自报纸的“文化（Culture）”板块。
4．D 5．C 6．B
【导语】本文介绍了不同国家人们问候朋友或访客的不同方式。
【详解】4．在“Take a bath together”段落“Indians in Brazil love bathing very much. When you visit them, they will invite you to take a bath in a river with them.”明确表明巴西的印第安人非常喜欢洗澡，当你拜访他们时，他们会邀请你和他们一起在河里洗澡，这证明了D选项“They invite you to take a bath in a river with them.”是巴西印第安人的问候方式。
5．文中分别提及了Hawaii（夏威夷）、Brazil（巴西）、France（法国）、Thailand（泰国）的问候方式。没有提到New Zealand（新西兰），所以C选项“New Zealand”是未被谈论到的国家。
6．文章开头提到“In most countries, people shake hands... But others are different.”，随后列举了不同国家不同的问候习俗，旨在说明在不同国家问候朋友应该采用不同的方式。A项夏威夷是送花环，C项洗澡是在巴西而非泰国，D项与原文“大多数国家握手”不符。
7．A 8．C 9．D
【导语】本文是一篇读书笔记，介绍了黄河、辽河、珠江和尼罗河的长度、流经区域和注入水域等信息。
【详解】7．表格中“The Liaohe River”部分显示“1,345 kilometers long”，所以辽河长度为1345公里，选项A“1,345 kilometers.”正确。
8．表格中“The Zhujiang River”部分显示“Go into the South China Sea”，所以珠江注入南海，选项C“the South China Sea”正确。
9．表格汇总了四条河流的长度、流经区域和注入水域，属于地理/河流主题，选项中D“Nature” (自然) 最接近。
10．D 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了13岁男孩宋辉在北京一所国际学校的老师Miss White发放的一份关于学生爱好的问卷及其填写情况。
【详解】10．第一段明确指出：“Song Hui is from Tianjin. Now he studies at an international school in Beijing.”，说明他来自天津，在北京的国际学校就读。A项“来自北京”错误，B项Miss White是英语老师而非语文老师，C项年龄为13岁而非14岁，只有D项“在国际学校学习”正确。
11．从问卷第1题可知，宋辉勾选的爱好为：Playing sports（运动）、Drawing（绘画）、Cooking（烹饪）、Playing musical instruments（演奏乐器）。D项应为包含这些内容的选项，因此选D。
12．问卷第1题问的是“What are your hobbies ”，第2至6题均围绕爱好的频率、时长、同伴、是否加入俱乐部、是否想继续等展开，说明Miss White发放问卷的目的是了解学生们的爱好，因此选A。
13．B 14．B 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文介绍了乌尤尼盐沼“天空之镜”的形成原因，包括平坦的地面、适量的降雨和静稳的天气。
【详解】13．第一段中“come out of thin air”所在句为：“The amazing mirror effect doesn’t come out of thin air. It is made probably by three key factors.”，说明这种效果不是“凭空”产生的，而是由三个关键因素造成的，因此意为“happen for no reason”。
14．第二段指出：“This made the ground almost perfectly flat...when it rains, the water doesn’t collect in water holes. Instead, it forms an even layer of water on the top of the salt.”，说明平整的地面让雨水形成平滑水层。
15．第三段指出：“The rainfall also plays an important role...Just enough rain to cover the layer of salt is perfect. If the rain is heavy, water holes will form and the mirror effect will be lost.”，说明降雨量在形成镜面效果中的作用。
16．文章结构为：第一段引出话题，第二至四段分别介绍三个成因，第五段介绍观赏季节，符合“①/②③④/⑤”的结构。
17．D 18．B 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文以洛杉矶山火中房屋烧毁但部分树木完好的奇特现象为切入点，从树木含水量和树种两个角度，解释了有些树木能在野火中安然无恙的科学原理，并举例说明当地棕榈树极易助燃。
【详解】17．第四段指出“Trees are filled with plenty of water.”，树木含有大量水分。后文反复讲树木含水多少影响是否燃烧，moisture是“潮湿、水分”，与Wetness同义。
18．第四段指出“But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree.”，含水量充足的树木旁，干燥物会先燃烧，改变火势路径，使火绕开树木。
19．本文的结构按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”展开。第①②段提出疑问（为何有些树没被烧）；第③④⑤段分析树木耐火的原因；第⑥段提出减少种植易燃棕榈树的解决措施，对应“①②→③④⑤→⑥”。
20．全文围绕“为何有些树木在野火中幸存”，从水分、树种等方面解释原因。
21．D 22．A 23．D 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了张家界石柱状山脉的形成过程，从海底沉积到地壳上升，再到风和水的侵蚀作用，并指出这些石柱最终会完全消失。
【详解】21．文章第二段指出“Long ago, Zhangjiajie was under water.”，说明很久以前张家界是水下世界，即a water world。
22．文章第三段指出“The seabed slowly ascended and became dry land.”，海底变成干地，说明是上升了，因此“ascended”意为“Moved up”。
23．文章最后一段指出石柱最终会完全消失，而我们能在它们消失前看到这一自然奇观，这是一种幸运，因此填入“lucky”最合适。
24．文章开篇提问“How did these mountains form ”，随后详细解释了石柱从海底沉积到砂岩形成，再到风和水侵蚀变成石柱的整个过程，因此写作目的是展示石柱是如何逐年形成的。C项中的“grew over the years”准确概括了这一过程。
25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了作者分别介绍《小王子》、《鲁滨逊漂流记》、《绿野仙踪》、《夏洛的网》四本经典名著的故事梗概、主题内涵以及各自受欢迎的读者群体。
【详解】25．根据Robinson Crusoe段落中“He lived by his hard-working hands and perseverance” 可知，Robinson的特点是勤劳且意志坚强。选项D“Strong and hard-working”与此描述最相符。
26．根据The Wizard of Oz段落中“In a tornado, she came to a magical land.”可知，龙卷风后她去了一个充满魔力的地方。选项A“To a wonderful place full of magic”与之对应。
27．根据Charlotte’s Web段落最后一句“Both boys and girls love this heartwarming story about friendship and hope.”可知，《夏洛的网》的主题是友谊和希望。
28．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了四本经典文学作品（《小王子》、《鲁滨逊漂流记》、《绿野仙踪》、《夏洛的网》）的情节及适合人群，属于文学范畴。因此，这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的“文学世界”板块。
29．C 30．B 31．A 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了《汤姆·索亚历险记》的故事梗概。汤姆是一个淘气的男孩，他和朋友哈克在墓地目睹了印第安·乔杀死罗宾逊医生并嫁祸给莫夫·波特。汤姆在法庭上说出真相，后来和贝基在洞穴中迷路，最终找到宝藏并过上了幸福的生活。
【详解】29．第二段指出“The three men are fighting, and Injun Joe kills Dr. Robinson”，这直接说明杀死罗宾逊医生的人是“Injun Joe”。
30．第三段指出“He decides to tell the truth in court. At the trial, Tom tells everyone that Injun Joe is the real killer”，这直接说明汤姆在审判中的做法是“说出真相”。
31．第五段指出“Tom and his friend Becky get lost in a cave”，这直接说明汤姆和贝基迷路的地点是“in a cave”。
32．第四段指出“They find Injun Joe there, and he has a box of gold”，第六段指出“Tom and Huck go back to the cave and find the treasure”，结合上下文可知他们在洞穴中找到的是“a box of gold”。
33．C 34．A 35．C 36．A
【导语】本文讲述《卖火柴的小女孩》的故事，小女孩饥寒交迫，点燃火柴幻想温暖与美好，最终在幻想中离世。
【详解】33．根据第一段中“she couldn’t go home because she hadn’t sold any matches all day.”可知，小女孩没卖掉火柴不敢回家。
34．根据第二段中“She lit a match to warm her hands. Suddenly, she saw a warm stove in front of her.”可知，第一根火柴让她看到了火炉。
35．根据第五段中“Her grandmother was the only person who had ever been kind to her.”可知，祖母是唯一善待她的人。
36．通读全文可知，文章通过讲述卖火柴小女孩在寒冷中冻死的悲惨故事，反映了穷苦人民的苦难，旨在呼吁人们关爱弱势群体，善待穷人。
37．C 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍伦敦的约翰·索恩爵士博物馆，讲述该博物馆的独特之处、三层对外开放展区的参观顺序与馆藏展品，还说明了博物馆地理位置、参观贴士，并向读者推荐此处景点。
【详解】37．第一段“and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it.”说明这座博物馆的特别之处是保留了索恩爵士离开时的原貌。
38．第二段“You can start on the first floor... Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor... Now comes the last part, the underground floor.”说明先参观一楼，然后下楼去到底层，最后参观地下层，对应③②①。
39．第二段“Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series of interesting paintings about 18th-century life in London.”说明底层能看到一系列有趣的画作。
40．最后一段“We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!”及结合全文推荐博物馆的语境，表明作者在此向读者作出保证，这个游览经历令人难忘。guarantee意为“保证、承诺”，与Promise同义。
41．B 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火山的形成原理、带来的影响以及人类如何科学监测和应对火山活动。
【详解】41．根据第一段“For centuries, human beings feared volcanoes because sudden eruptions could bury towns under lava and volcanic ash, destroy farmland and pollute air for hundreds of kilometers.”可知，火山爆发会掩埋城镇、破坏农田并污染方圆数百公里范围内的空气，即破坏生存区域并污染广泛区域。
42．根据第二段“Geologists use temperature sensors, gas detectors and ground vibration monitors to track active volcanoes.”可知，地质学家使用温度传感器、气体探测器和地面振动监测器。
43．根据第三段“Volcanic rock weathers into extremely fertile soil rich in minerals. Many famous agricultural regions around the world are built on volcanic soil, producing high-quality fruits, grapes and grains.”可知，火山岩风化成的土壤极其肥沃，富含矿物质，适合农作物种植。
44．根据第四段“...following official evacuation routes instead of running blindly.”可知，应遵循官方疏散路线而不是盲目奔跑。
45．文章第一段引出火山话题，第二段介绍火山形成及监测设备，第三段介绍火山的益处，第四段介绍应对措施及总结。“火山的形成、影响及人类应对方法”涵盖了全文主要内容。
46．B 47．C 48．B 49．B 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者所在学校组织八年级学生志愿者团队，在山体滑坡灾害后前往绿山村进行援助的经历。文章介绍了灾害成因、志愿者培训内容、分组任务以及作者的感悟和未来计划。
【详解】46．根据第一段第一句“Last month, a heavy week-long rainfall caused a landslide in Green Hills Village...”可知，持续一周的强降雨直接导致了山体滑坡。选项B与文中“heavy week-long rainfall”意思一致。
47．根据第二段第二句“He taught us how to move small fallen stones safely... and basic first-aid skills for minor cuts and bruises.”可知，学生在培训中学习了如何安全移动落石以及基本的急救技能。选项C“安全清理落石以及基础急救知识”符合文意。
48．根据第三段第三、四句“My group, Group Two, visited homeless families staying in community tents. We handed out blankets, disinfectant wipes and kids'stationery.”可知，第二组的任务是探访住在帐篷里的无家可归者并分发物资。选项B“分发供给给住在帐篷里的村民”与此相符。
49．根据第三段最后一句“She did not complain too much; she said she was thankful that no one in her family was injured.”可知，老奶奶虽然菜园被埋，但很感激家人没有受伤。选项B“她很感激她的家人安全无事”符合文意。
50．根据最后一段作者提到的感悟“small efforts from teenagers can bring warmth and practical help to people in trouble”以及计划“Next month, our school will set up a long-term disaster volunteer club, and I plan to sign up right away.”可知，作者认识到志愿服务的意义，希望继续参与灾害志愿服务。选项B“为了收获更多的在灾难中志愿服务的经验”最符合作者加入俱乐部的初衷。
51．B 52．B 53．B 54．C 55．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述雷暴的形成过程、利弊影响、雷雨安全注意事项以及科学家监测预警雷暴的方式。
【详解】51．原文第一段：A thunderstorm begins when warm, wet air rises quickly into the cold upper sky. 句中begins对应the first step，说明雷暴形成的第一步是温暖潮湿的空气快速上升。
52．原文第二段：Lightning also helps fix nitrogen in the soil, which works as a natural fertilizer for plants. 这句话表明闪电可为土壤制造天然肥料，是雷暴带来的益处。答案选B。
53．原文第三段：户外不能站树下、不能露天游泳；室内不要触碰有线电器、不要开窗看闪电。无线手机不连接有线线路，在室内使用是安全行为。答案选B。
54．原文第四段：Scientists use weather satellites and radar machines to watch thunderstorms these days. 说明科学家依靠卫星和雷达设备提前监测、预判雷暴。答案选C。
55．文章依次介绍雷暴形成、雷暴的好坏影响、雷雨安全准则、科学家监测雷暴，整体围绕雷暴的形成、影响与安全知识展开。答案选A

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