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2025-2026学年上海市徐汇区位育中学高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、选词填空-短文：本大题共1小题，共10分。
1.Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.anchoring B.chorus C.cooperative D.documenting
E.enhance F.essentially G.host H.randomly
I.recognizable J.shoots K.vocabulary
Distant Diplomacy
When danger approaches，many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb that"the enemy of my enemy is my friend."Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of (1) defense treaty.
For example，Nature Ecology & Evolution carries a recent study (2) more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical"whining（哀鸣）"calls when they spot brood parasites（寄生繁殖） such as cuckoos.That call is (3) the word for 'cuckoo，'"says study co-lead author James Kennerley at Cornell University."And it's recruiting individuals to come together against this common enemy."
Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds' nests，manipulating the (4) parents into raising their chicks for them.At a field site in Australia，Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to whining calls in (5) .These mobs can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the specimen used in their experiments to protect it.Otherwise the attacking birds would have"just completely torn it to pieces，"Kennerley says.
Many birds also share a common (6) for predators.Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce (7) "seet"calls to warn of a raptor（猛禽） in flight.The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well，so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival (8) through the forest.If the raptor settles，songbirds switch to"mobbing"calls，a distinct sound that，as Greene puts it，"draws in the troops to drive that raptor off."
Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication.Among other things，it may help birds migrate and (9) food intake.A recent study found that when seabirds with good vision search for food with seabirds with strong senses of smell，they both have far greater success at catching krill.Unlike with the seet and whining calls，however，it's unclear whether they' re deliberately signaling to one another or"just (10) following other birds，"says study lead author Jesse Granger，a biophysicist at Duke University.
But clearly，"very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive，"Greene says."It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another."
(1)
(2)
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(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
二、阅读理解：本大题共11小题，共22分。
A
In December 2022，I began keeping a diary in English，my second language.This，I came to learn，makes me an outside observer of my own emotions，providing clarity that is lost in the proximity（亲近） of my native tongue.
During graduate school，a diary in Spanish helped me fill the emptiness of time that seemed devoid of meaning.But looking back，I realize how much of what I wrote then was shaped by writing in a language too close to my heart to allow me to think clearly.In January 2021，I wrote a long，unstructured passage in Spanish，full of phrases like"ese manto gris perenne que es el cielo de enero"（"ever-grayJanuary sky"）.The diary entry read as if it were rushed to the page unfiltered，straight from the brain.Writing a diary in English，however，forced me to dig for precise words，slowing down my thinking and taming my thoughts.
Through English，navigating life's concerns became more bearable，and what started as a way to record my life turned into a therapeutic practice of self-analysis.Last summer，I was caught in an identity crisis：I felt emotionally stuck between A Coru a，my hometown in Spain，and New York，where I currently live.Neither place felt like a true fit，and writing about that despair in English gave me the space for deeper introspection（内省）."Is it possible to feel settled somewhere，"I wrote，"when part of who you are depends on constantly leaving？"By detaching from the rawness of my native tongue，I finally came to understand myself.
Ismael Ramos，a writer from my hometown，disagrees.He believes his work，much of which is intimate poetry，comes alive in his native Galician—a language related to Spanish and Portuguese.Decoupling his language from his experience is inherently challenging，especially while dealing with his emotions."There is a language of your body，"Mr.Ramos told me.He is right：Writing in English feels unnatural，and it will never be as close to my heart as Spanish.Yet precisely because it feels unnatural，it frees me from the linguistic habits that often limit how I understand myself.
Other writers have embraced the practice of keeping a diary in a second or third language.Jhumpa Lahiri learned Italian as a way to find herself."I don't recognize the person who is writing in this diary，"she wrote a decade ago."But I know that it's the most genuine，most vulnerable part of me."Keeping a diary in a foreign language was humbling，a process full of mistakes that nevertheless allowed me to re-examine my identity from a fresh，distant perspective.It made who I am clearer to me.
2.According to Paragraph 2，why did the author feel that writing in Spanish during graduate school was ineffective for clear thinking？______
A. Because Spanish was too difficult to express complex emotions.
B. Because writing in Spanish required her to slow down her thoughts excessively.
C. Because Spanish was too emotionally close to her to allow for objective reflection.
D. Because she lacked sufficient vocabulary in Spanish to describe her feelings.
3.What was the main outcome of the author's identity crisis in the summer mentioned in Paragraph 3？______
A. She decided to permanently return to her hometown in Spain.
B. She realized that writing in English provided space for deeper self-understanding.
C. She concluded that living in New York was not suitable for her at all.
D. She began writing poetry in Galician like Ismael Ramos.
4.Based on the passage，what can be inferred about the author's view on using a second language for personal writing？______
A. It is only useful for professional writers like Jhumpa Lahiri.
B. It creates emotional distance that helps uncover hidden truths about oneself.
C. It ultimately fails to capture the raw authenticity of human experience.
D. It should be avoided because it feels unnatural and uncomfortable.
5.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage？______
A. The Challenges of Learning English as a Second Language
B. A Comparison of Spanish and English Poetry Styles
C. How Writing in a Foreign Language Became My Path to Self-Knowledge
D. Why Keeping a Diary Is Essential for Emotional Health
B
Welcome to the"Chicken Soup"Family The first Chicken Soup for the Soul book was released in 1993 and quickly became a holiday favorite.Thereafter，more than 250 books have been published containing inspiring stories submitted by readers.On this part of the website，you will find a list of our new book topics，our writing guidelines and our submission form.We welcome your stories，written in English，from all over the world!
Guidelines for a Chicken Soup for the Soul story
1.Tell an exciting，heartwarming，or funny story about something that has happened to you or someone you know.Your story should be written in the first person.
2.Don't be afraid to speak from the heart.We do let you use a pen name for your story.
3.Keep your story to 1，200 words or less.
4.We love poems that tell a story，but we do not publish poems that seem overly focused on rhyming or those which read more like greeting cards.
What happens after you submit your story？
1.Please complete all fields in the submission form.After you press the SUBMIT button，wait for the next screen to come up with a message that says："Thank you!Your information has been received."This is the only confirmation that your story has been entered into our database.
2.We do not send rejection letters，and we occasionally will save a submission for consideration for a future book.But in general，if you have not heard from us 60 days prior to the book's on-sale date，that probably means we have decided not to use your story.
3.If we choose your story for a future book，we will notify you by e-mail and request your permission to print it.You will be paid ＄200 one month after the publication of the book and receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in.You will also be entitled to buy books from us at half price.
A few more tips about submitting your stories
The only way to submit your stories is via our website.If you have any problems when trying to fill out the form to submit your work，please contact us at：webmaster@.
Please submit stories that have not been previously published.The only exception to this is if your work has only been published in a small local publication with limited circulation or on your own blog.Please do not send us any book manuscripts，unless through a literary agent，as they will be automatically discarded.
"We love our writers，and we look forward to reading your stories.Thanks for sharing!"
—Amy Newmark，editor-in-chief of the book series
6.Your writing won't be taken into consideration by Chicken Soup for the Soul's editors if______ .
A. you don't submit it on your own
B. you don't use your real name in the story
C. it has already been published on a large scale
D. it is a poem that tells a true story about yourself
7.You' ll hear from Chicken Soup for the Soul's editors ______ .
A. as soon as you submit your story on its website
B. after your story has been published in a new edition
C. when your story has been chosen for a future edition
D. 45 days before its new edition is available for purchase
8.Which of the following statements is TRUE if your story is published by Chicken Soup for the Soul？______
A. You will stand a chance of being a staff writer at the publishing house.
B. You will be paid ＄200 every month after the publication of your story.
C. You will get a 40% discount when buying books from the company.
D. You will receive ten copies of every publication from the company for free.
C
One of the universe's most fascinating wonders is the variability of timekeeping：seconds pass slightly faster on a mountain than in a valley；a free-falling clock on the moon，compared to Earth，runs about 56 microseconds faster each day，a small but significant divide over time.NASA and its international partners are now working to establish a new "time scale" for the moon，accounting for these differences，rather than simply creating a lunar time zone.
Humans have long relied on natural timekeepers like sundials and lunar phases.However，since the appearance of mechanical clocks in the 14th century，precision has become vital.Albert Einstein's theories of relativity further complicated timekeeping by revealing that gravity slows time.General relativity explains that massive objects，like Earth，bend space-time，causing time to pass more slowly closer to their surface.This phenomenon has been confirmed by atomic clocks，which measure time using atomic oscillation （振荡） and tick slower near Earth's surface.
To manage these complexities，scientists use a global network of atomic clocks to create Coordinated Universal Time （UTC），averaging readings to ensure accuracy.However，time behaves even more unpredictably far from Earth，where gravity weakens and motion affects its passage，according to Einstein's special relativity.
Spacecraft already navigate these challenges using onboard oscillators to maintain their own time while correlating with Earth's UTC．For example，missions to Pluto or the Kuiper Belt rely on ground stations but also use their own time scales for navigation.GPS satellites，orbiting 12，550 miles above Earth，have provided valuable data by comparing the atomic clocks to Earth-bound ones，helping scientists refine timekeeping for lunar missions.
Creating a lunar time scale involves accurately measuring time on the moon while ensuring it can be related back to Earth time.To achieve precision，scientists plan to use a network of clocks on the moon，potentially combining atomic clocks for long-term stability and crystal oscillators for short-term accuracy.These clocks could be placed in lunar orbit or on the surface，with costs ranging from millions of dollars to hundreds of millions of dollars.
This network will support LunaNet，a lunar navigation and communication system similar to Earth's internet and GPS.Establishing this framework requires international collaboration，with NASA and the European Space Agency leading efforts.However，gaining agreement from non-allied nations remains a challenge.
Precision timekeeping is crucial not only for scientific understanding but also for mission infrastructure.By applying lessons from Earth，scientists aim to create a reliable lunar time scale，paving the way for future missions to Mars and beyond.As Cheryl Gramling of NASA noted，mastering lunar timekeeping will prepare humanity for deeper exploration of the solar system.
9.According to the article，why do seconds pass slightly faster on a mountain than in a valley？______
A. Because the closer to massive objects，the stronger gravity's effect on time is.
B. Because atomic clocks are less accurate when they are near Earth's surface.
C. Because Earth's rotation squeezes gravity more intensely at lower altitudes.
D. Because atmospheric pressure extends gravitational bending of time at higher altitudes.
10.The author mentions GPS satellites in paragraph 4 to ______ .
A. highlight what the limitations of atomic clocks in space are
B. argue that GPS technology will be directly used for lunar missions in the future
C. illustrate that lunar timekeeping will be even simpler than the earth's GPS system
D. give an example of how timekeeping challenges in space were addressed
11.What challenge may scientists encounter when they set up LunaNet？______
A. The accuracy of placing the clocks in lunar orbit.
B. The correlation of atomic clocks with crystal oscillators.
C. The difficulty of reaching an agreement among all countries.
D. The high cost of a lunar navigation and communication system.
12.What does the article suggest about lunar timekeeping？______
A. It is an ultimate goal shared by NASA and its allied nations.
B. It is a significant pursuit but with few practical applications.
C. It will establish a lunar time zone different from that on Earth.
D. It is an important step towards future space exploration.
三、阅读六选四：本大题共4小题，共8分。
Directions：Read the following passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Starting an adventure can bring immediate and big happiness benefits.
B.People can suffer when there aren't enough external stimuli and new experiences.
C.An adventure need not always be physical—mental challenges can offer similar rewards.
D.There is no guarantee that whatever adventure you choose will turn out the way you hope，of course.
E.Research has provided evidence about why materially comfortable humans would be drawn to difficult，even dangerous tasks.
F.But Melville perhaps knew something we' ve forgotten：When life is getting you down，the answer is not more comfort but less.
Why You Might Need an Adventure
In Moby-Dick，Herman Melville's narrator Ishmael offers a surprising way to lift spirits：When the"hypos（情绪低落）"struck，he took to the sea and forgot his troubles.
Since whaling was an exhausting and dangerous job，this advice might seem counter-intuitive in today's era of self-care. (13) If you' re troubled by your own case of the"hypos，"the cure may be a tough challenge.
This idea has been confirmed by emerging research.A 2013 study found that experienced climbers tend to derive unusual spiritual inspiration，experience a greater sense of flow，and feel happier when climbing.A 2023 analysis of research on outdoor adventures showed that participants in these experiences benefit in multiple ways.These included physical and mental balance，personal growth，a sense of belonging，and deep，transformative experiences.
(14) Indeed，learning new things with a spirit of curiosity and exploration has been shown to boost mood.This raises an interesting paradox（悖论） that appears in this field of happiness research.People derive a lot more happiness from high-skill activities that require learning than they do from low-skill ones that don't，yet we typically settle for the latter.The obvious explanation is that the latter takes a lot less learning effort and mental focus.Although the happiness benefits of high-skill activities will probably be greater，they are deferred （延迟的） and seem abstract compared with the instant satisfaction of low-skill ones.
Just as more demanding physical and mental adventures boost happiness，their absence can harm well-being. (15) Those who often report better moods tend to have an"adventure-based mindset"—purposely seeking out new，interesting，and challenging experiences.
If you find yourself a bit down like Ishmael，you don't necessarily need to risk your life chasing a great white whale around the world.Choose a challenge that is worthwhile and hard.If the knowledge in your head feels outdated or uninspiring，it might be time to explore a new field.For a physical challenge，sign up for a marathon or set out to walk a few hundred miles.
(16) And that is the point.If it were safe，it wouldn't be heroic；if it were predictable，it wouldn't be an adventure.The object is not to win in a conventional way；it is to wake up and be fully alive.
13.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
14.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
15.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
四、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共18分。
Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
As a rule，friendship is considered an unalloyed good，like flowers and fresh fruit.Most people can name at least half a dozen people they (17) as reasonably good friends.Yet researchers who explore the deep nature of friendship (18) the bond can have its thorns（刺）.
Take the new evidence that people choose friends who (19) themselves.The tendency toward homophily（同质性），toward flocking together with birds of your inner and outer feather，gives rise to a harmonious sense of (20) .
But homophily，researchers said，is also the basis of tribalism and xenophobia（仇外心理），the (21) to"otherize"those who differ from you and your beloved friends in one or more ways.
"Why must it be the case that we love our own and hate the other？"Nicholas Christakis of Yale University said."I have struggled with this，and read and studied a tremendous amount，and I have mostly (22) news.It's awful.Xenophobia and in-group bias go hand-in-hand.It's like，in order to (23) together，we need a common enemy."
Fortunately，he added，no model insists that the out-group must be exterminated or otherwise (24) from the scene."It's possible to treat the out-group with mild dislike or even grudging respect，"he said."Cultivating in-group distinctiveness does not require that the other must be killed."
(25) ，even the ordinary business of making friends is an exclusionary act and a judgement call，therefore threaded with the potential for pain.
"A friendship is always a little bit of a conspiracy（阴谋），"said Alexander Nehamas，a professor of philosophy at Princeton."We two are here，they are over there，and we' re going to do our thing whether they want us to or not.And if they try to join us，we can say，no，sorry，that seat is (26) .We' re saving it for a friend."
Who may not return the favor.Abdullah Almaatouq of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his colleagues recently showed that people are poor (27) of who their friends are.When the researchers asked 84 college students to identify which of their classmates (28) as friends，the researchers found that in half the cases，those labeled friends failed to repay the title.
Friendships are also surprisingly fragile.Based on a detailed survey of 540 participants，researcher at Oxford University determined that people had a falling out with a member of their social circle about once every 7.2 months，or nearly two times annually，and that a year later 40 percent of those broken relationships remained (29) .
The overall rates of friendship conflict did not differ between men and women，but women were more likely to argue with close friends，to express feelings of great suffering over the breakup，and to be more (30) of evidence of regret before settling differences.
Sure，love may mean never having to say you' re sorry.But friendship is (31) ，and sorry may not be enough.
17.A. appear B. know C. name D. view
18.A. admit B. adopt C. ensure D. hope
19.A. defend B. distance C. familiarize D. resemble
20.A. achievement B. belonging C. confidence D. control
21.A. ability B. chance C. freedom D. urge
22.A. dispiriting B. popular C. positive D. untrustworthy
23.A. band B. head C. live D. put
24.A. collected B. eliminated C. hidden D. transferred
25.A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Meanwhile
26.A. covered B. locked C. removed D. taken
27.A. candidates B. judges C. listeners D. models
28.A. disguised B. qualified C. remained D. served
29.A. unattached B. unprepared C. unhealed D. unproven
30.A. demanding B. deserving C. trusting D. understanding
31.A. harder B. rarer C. stricter D. stronger
五、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共10分。
32.Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.
Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee
Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China.That's no ordinary price.But this is no ordinary coffee shop. (1) distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views.
The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the (2) （tower） 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high—along a via ferrata route（铁索攀道） with metal steps secured to the rock face，while a coach guided her along the way."I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me，"Ye recalled days later."But my fear faded away (3) the coach went first and led me."
It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot， (4) a sign on the cliffside reads"Gushi Cliff Coffee."The café (5) （name） after the town it's located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou，the capital of southeastern Fujian province.
The village—a previously (6) （famous） place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— (7) （see） bubble tea shops，home-stays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism.
Once at the spot，Ye's climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench，coffee in hand，legs hanging over the sharp drop.
Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media，as adventurous visitors share their thrilling experiences online."Not my cup of tea，but respect those who dare—No way I (8) ever go up there!"wrote one Chinese online commenter.
(9) mixed opinions online，thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café.Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. (10) （back） by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan，the village café is expected to support China's rural revival efforts.In one of Xue's Xiaohongshu videos，a villager was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
六、句子翻译：本大题共4小题，共7分。
33.上周爆发的新流感袭击了整个社区，迫使当地政府关闭了所有的学校。（strike）
34.为了维护交通秩序，市政府决定对那些违章停车的人处以高额罚款。（impose）
35.这家百年老店因其出色的工艺而享有盛誉，这使得它即使在竞争激烈的市场中也能脱颖而出。（reputation）
36.有人主张"为达目的不择手段"，但这种做法通常会弄巧成拙，注定最终导致一个消极的结果。（justify）
七、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
37.Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Crown-of-Thorns Starfish and the Great Barrier Reef（大堡礁）
Native to the Indo-Pacific，crown-of-thorns starfish can serve as important predators（捕食者） in healthy reef ecosystems feeding on fast-growing corals and allowing time for slower ones to develop instead.But problems arise when starfish populations explode.The animals typically have a regular rise and fall cycle，but since the 1960s，scientists have noted an alarming increase in the size and frequency of outbreaks of the predators，which can grow up to half a meter wide.A 2012 study looking at the 27-year decline of coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef blamed crown-of-thorns for about 40% of coral mortality.
Over the years，several outbreaks have significantly damaged the Great Barrier Reef.In response，scientists launched a killing program in 2012 to try and control starfish numbers across vast reef areas.Despite critics，studies have shown some positive outcomes.Recent research indicates that coral cover increased in regions where the killing starfish took place，suggesting it may have been effective in supporting reef recovery.In certain areas，the coral cover grew by up to 44% from 2016 to 2022.
Some experts，however，are unconvinced that the killing offers a long-term solution.Concerns have been raised about the approach's effectiveness in the face of more significant challenges，such as climate change and global warming.Crown-of-thorns starfish，though damaging in large numbers，play a natural role in controlling coral growth，and their population booms are often linked to human activity like agricultural pollutants.
Though the program has shown some success，experts emphasize that addressing the root causes of starfish population boom，like pollution and climate change，is essential for the long-term survival of coral reefs.Researchers are also exploring alternative methods such as using natural predators and early detection systems to provide sustainable solutions.
_________
1.【答案】【小题1】
C
【小题2】
D
【小题3】
F
【小题4】
G
【小题5】
B
【小题6】
K
【小题7】
I
【小题8】
J
【小题9】
E
【小题10】
H
2~5.【答案】C、B、B、C
6~8.【答案】C、C、D
9~12.【答案】A、D、C、D
13~16.【答案】F、C、B、D
17~31.【答案】C、A、D、B、D、A、A、B、B、D、B、C、A、B、A
32.【答案】【小题1】
What
【小题2】
towering
【小题3】
as
【小题4】
where
【小题5】
is named
【小题6】
unfamous
【小题7】
has seen
【小题8】
will
【小题9】
Despite
【小题10】
Backed
33.【答案】The new flu that broke out last week struck the whole community，forcing the local government to close all the schools.
34.【答案】In order to maintain traffic order，the municipal government has decided to impose high fines on those who park illegally.
35.【答案】The century-old shop has a good reputation for its excellent craftsmanship，which enables it to stand out even in a competitive market.
36.【答案】Some people claim that the end justifies the means，but such practices usually backfire and are destined to lead to a negative outcome in the end.
37.【答案】 The crown-of-thorns starfish，native to the Indo-Pacific，plays a crucial role in healthy reef ecosystems by controlling coral growth.However，population explosions since the 1960s have caused significant damage to the Great Barrier Reef，contributing to 40% of coral mortality.A 2012 killing program showed some success in reef recovery，but experts argue it is not a long-term solution.Addressing root causes like pollution and climate change，along with exploring alternative methods，is essential for the reef's survival.
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