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2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级期中英语试卷
一、语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are you afraid of getting old ____1____ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures ____2____ (counter) many of them.
____3____ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks.
A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that ____4____ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78.
The study, published in Nature Medicine, reveals that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than ____5____, and which age-related diseases your body is more likely to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age.
Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s ____6____ therapeutic treatments can be devised to counter their onset while there’s still time.
Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that ____7____ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular (心血管的) health, for example. But it ____8____ (not appreciate) that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at — change markedly with advancing age.”
This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally ____9____ (represent) in the study, age differently.
Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help ____10____ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s You never know.
二、选词填空
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accidentally B. alert C. curiosity D. critical E. defensive F. disproved G. documented H. immediate I. initiating J. stimulus K. typically
Wanted: Volunteers who can throw new light on “photosneezia” mystery
Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze” — a reflex (反射动作) that causes people to sneeze, in response to bright light — and they need help from the public.
“It ____11____ follows a tickling sensation (痒感). The sneeze is not ____12____, and it will take a few seconds,” said Manuel Spitschan, an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford, who is launching a study into the phenomenon.
Much as photic sneezing is a(n) ____13____, it can have serious consequences, particularly for ophthalmologists (眼科医生). “And you have other safety ____14____ professions in which sneezing in response to bright light isn’t helpful, like fighter pilots or truck drivers, anywhere you can’t really lose control of something.”
Reports of photosneezia have been ____15____ throughout the ages. The Greek philosopher Aristotle wondered in his Book of Problems: why does the heat of the sun cause sneezing His assumption was that sweat inside the nose caused it, but the 17th century English philosopher Francis Bacon ____16____ this theory by facing the sun with his eyes closed and finding that it did not make him sneeze. His theory was that the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose, ____17____ a sneeze.
Various modern theories have also been put forward, but none is easily testable. One theory is that optic (视觉的) nerve fibers could ____18____ activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain. Curiously, the reflex can also be started during eye surgery, meaning needle-bearing anesthetists (麻醉师) must be ____19____ to sneezes to avoid damaging patients’ eyes.
The goal of the Oxford Photic Sneeze Survey, which Spitschan is coordinating, is to better understand what drives the photic sneeze reflex. “There are approximately 110 papers in the scientific literature that discus this phenomenon, but there’s very little empirical (实证的) data,” he said. “We are hoping to find the ideal ____20____ to cause the sneeze.”
三、完形填空
I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide ____21____ information that’s extremely valuable to our clients.
But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you ____22____ the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always ____23____.
Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them:
1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants.
“How well do you think we delivered on your project ” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, ____24____ to ask, “How did we deliver on your project ” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias.
2. Balance the options from which participants can choose.
Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the ____25____ is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work:
Extremely satisfied
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Somewhat unsatisfied
Unsatisfied
As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) ____26____ option in the middle of the scale.
3. Don’t lead the witness or participant.
Again, if you’re seeking ____27____ and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to ____28____ in a certain way.
____29____, my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think ” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think.
4. Avoid double-barrel questions.
Be mindful about including two questions in one and ____30____ how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers ” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question.
They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The ____31____ of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together.
5. Don’t write coercive questions.
These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer ____32____ surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you ” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right ” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided ____33____.
Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that ____34____ biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) ____35____ way for your participants to answer.
21. A．quantitative B．controversial C．mysterious D．proper
22. A．craft B．pave C．tempt D．anchor
23. A．delightful B．dominant C．accurate D．independent
24. A．repeat B．rephrase C．restore D．refresh
25. A．portion B．category C．thread D．scale
26. A．random B．informative C．sacred D．neutral
27. A．instinct B．gratitude C．truth D．harmony
28. A．reverse B．respond C．deny D．compete
29. A．In addition B．For instance C．After all D．Above all
30. A．limiting B．spilling C．inserting D．distracting
31. A．integrity B．endurance C．exploitation D．highlight
32. A．discrimination B．satisfaction C．transition D．perseverance
33. A．on good terms B．by no means C．at all costs D．to some extent
34. A．conserves B．entitles C．seals D．includes
35. A．isolated B．objective C．selected D．reflective
四、阅读理解
A
In winter, Hammerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks.
I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Oslo in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts.
Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Bryson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation.
“This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.”
The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.”
But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.”
“No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.”
“It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at the two l’s. Miss, please,”
But she wouldn’t have it.
“If I miss this bus, when does the next one go ”
“Next week at the same time.”
Oh, splendid.
“Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.”
“No, it doesn’t.”
“Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.”
“He’s in Stavanger.”
“Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat ”
“Sure.”
Why don’t I think of these things in the first place
“Thank you,” I said.
36. What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest
A．It is located in the South of the city of Oslo.
B．It is where the Northern Lights can be seen.
C．It is known as a town without sufficient power supply.
D．It remains in the darkness from November till next March.
37. The writer got to the station just two minutes before the bus departed because he spent much time ________.
A．cashing his traveler’s cheques
B．packing everything into his luggage
C．waiting for a taxi to send him there
D．choosing suitable clothes to wear
38. By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________.
A．puzzled
B．amazed
C．worried
D．relieved
39. Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager
A．To tell the girl what he really wanted to do.
B．To show the girl how angry he was with her.
C．To warn the girl of the potential consequences.
D．To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus.
B
Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed as opposed to ordinary zoos Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals We are revealing for you:
1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada
Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay.
Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island, St. Andrews, Grand Manan Island, and Deer Island.
2. Grizzly bears, Alaska
Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms.
Planning: Most fishing sites are reached by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Swart-Cassiar Highway.
3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico
Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyalmel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Michoacán. They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighbouring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.
Planning: Chincua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March.
4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia
Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard—the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91 kg, the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10 ft (3 m) long.
Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores).
5. Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania
Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.
Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September.
40. The underlined word gregarious is closest in meaning to ________________.
A．being able to climb
B．preferring group living
C．migrating in small numbers
D．moderate in temper
41. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features.
B．Viewing spots for grizzly bears are accessible by air and on foot.
C．Komodo Island is located east of Flores and west of Sumbawa
D．Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favourable food conditions.
42. Li Hua is an adventurous visitor longing for closer look at animals. He is taking a gap year and doing voluntary work now in Indonesia. He will go back to China and further his study next fall. Which of the following will be the most reasonable wildlife-watching route after he finishes his voluntary work this winter
A．Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti
B．Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua
C．Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska
D．Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy
C
Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, points out that if the dangers from bacterially polluted chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.”
Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides. He says: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens—a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”
Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people are subject to the small amounts of pollutants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.
To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, enhance its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less risky alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.
43. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food
A．They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry.
B．They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.
C．They overestimate the risk of the food they eat.
D．They overlook the potential danger caused by the food.
44. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______.
A．no food is free from pollution in the environment.
B．pesticides are widely used in agriculture.
C．many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.
D．almost all foods have hazardous additives.
45. What is implied in what Bruce Ames says
A．Plants produce certain chemicals to resist pests and diseases.
B．Plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth.
C．Farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.
D．Farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases.
46. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage
A．Eating and drinking have become more dangerous than before due to additives.
B．Sweeping measures must be taken immediately to ensure safety in food industry.
C．Healthy food is a distant dream in the modern society, remaining to be realized.
D．There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.
六选四
Flower power
Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. ____47____
Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. ____48____
Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. ____49____ In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware.
Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. ____50____ The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.”
These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves.
A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉).
B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants.
C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness.
D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it.
E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence.
F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence.
五、书面表达（概要写作）
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety
Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions.
Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life.
“These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively.
Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
六、翻译
52. 无糖口香糖有助于减少口腔疾病。(contribute)
______________________________________________________________________
53. 你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么 (take)
______________________________________________________________________
54. 不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough)
______________________________________________________________________
55. 食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment)
______________________________________________________________________
七、书面表达（开放性作文）
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
假如你是明启中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。
(相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、语法填空
1. When
2. to counter
3. Although/Though/While
4. instead of
5. others
6. so that
7. measuring
8. has not been appreciated
9. represented
10. whoever
二、选词填空
11.K 12.H 13.C 14.D 15.G 16.F 17.I 18.A 19.B 20.J
三、完形填空
21.A 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.D 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.B 30.A 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.B
四、阅读理解
阅读单选
36.B 37.A 38.C 39.D
40.B 41.C 42.D
43.C 44.C 45.A 46.D
六选四
47.F 48.D 49.A 50.C
五、概要写作参考范文
A Cincinnati university study finds mindfulness therapy like yoga and meditation eases kids’ anxiety. Nine anxious children received 12-week related treatment. The more they practiced, the less anxious they became, offering a drug-free alternative for patients unwilling to take medicine.
六、翻译参考译文
52. Sugar-free chewing gum contributes to reducing oral diseases.
53. What do you think it takes to get a high school diploma
54. Whichever sofa you choose, wooden or leather, make sure it is big enough to hold eight of us.
55. Diners complimented the baker on his superb skills. The soft, sweet pastries melted in their mouths, bringing them a strong sense of happiness.
七、作文参考范文
Unique Human Skills to Beat ChatGPT
As AI like ChatGPT develops rapidly, high school students need to cultivate skills that machines cannot replace.
First, creative thinking matters most. ChatGPT only produces content based on existing data, while humans can create original art, innovative ideas and unique stories. Second, emotional communication is irreplaceable. We can sense others’ feelings and offer sincere comfort, which cold AI fails to do. Besides, practical hands-on abilities and moral judgment are vital. AI lacks real-life experience and independent value standards.
In short, creativity, empathy and practical competence help us stand out from AI in the future.
(Word count:128)

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