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Unit 4 A good read
Grammar知识点清单
本节课两大核心考点
疑问词 + to do 不定式结构（what/who/when/where/how/which + to-infinitive）
must & have to 表必须；mustn’t /don’t have to 表禁止、不必
一、考点 A：疑问词 + to-infinitive（疑问词 + 动词不定式）
1. 核心本质
疑问词 + to do 整体相当于一个名词短语，可放在 动词、动词 + 宾语、形容词 后面作宾语。
可用疑问词：what, who/whom, when, where, how, which, how many, how much
注意：why 不能加 to do，无 why to do 结构
2. 四类固定句式结构（课本 abcd 四类）
a) 形容词 + 疑问词 + to do
形容词：sure /certain/clear 等
例句：
I am not certain what to write.
Gulliver was not sure who to ask for help.
b) 动词 + 宾语 + 疑问词 + to do
动词：show /tell/teach /advise （后接人作宾语）
例句：
Millie showed us what to write in a review.
Mr Wu advised us which book to choose.
c) 动词 + 疑问词 + to do
动词：decide /forget/wonder /know/say /learn
例句：
Millie has decided what to read.
Simon forgot when to return books.
d) 动词 + 疑问词 + 名词 + to do
疑问词后接名词：which book /how many pages
例句：
They are discussing which book to read next.
You can decide how many books to take.
3. 课本填空分类标准答案
c 动词直接加疑问词 to do：decided what to read; forgot when to return…
d 疑问词 + 名词 + to do：which book; how many books
a 形容词后接：not sure; not certain
b 动词 + 人宾语 + 疑问词 to do：advised us which; showed us what; taught himself how; tell your classmates where
4. Work out the rule 填空答案
adjective
object（宾语，人）
noun
5. 配套习题答案
A1
which
how many
what
how
when
A2
what to read
when to hand in
how to create
who to ask
where to meet
6. 同义句转换（写作高分技巧）
疑问词 + to do = 宾语从句（主语一致）
I don’t know where I should go.
= I don’t know where to go.
She hasn’t decided which she will choose.
= She hasn’t decided which to choose.
7. 易错提醒
who/whom to talk to：介词 to 不能丢
I don’t know who to talk to.（√） I don’t know who to talk.（×）
how to do 后必须加宾语；what to do 不加
I don’t know how to do it.
I don’t know what to do.
why 不适用此结构
二、考点 B：must & have to 用法辨析
1. 肯定句：表 “必须”
① must
说话人主观认为有必要（内心自觉、个人想法）
例句：
I must check my grammar.
Gulliver thought, “I must run away.”
② have to
客观环境、规则、外界要求不得不做（受外部条件约束）
时态变化：have to → has to（三单）→ had to（过去式）
例句：
I have to hand in the review on Friday.
Gulliver had to pull his hand out of the ropes.
2. 否定形式（两大完全不同含义）
① must not = mustn’t 禁止，不准（绝对不允许）
例句：
You mustn’t give away the ending.
You mustn’t shout loudly in library.
② do not have to = don’t have to 不必，不需要（无强制要求）
例句：
I don’t have to love this book.
You don’t have to stay in the library all day.
3. 时态对比表
时态 must（无时态变化） have to（随时态变形）
现在 must have / has to
过去 must（不变） had to
否定 mustn’t 禁止 don’t /doesn’t /didn’t have to 不必
4. 图书馆短文 B1 标准答案
must
must
must not / mustn’t
must
must not / mustn’t
do not have to / don’t have to
5. 答题区分口诀
主观必须用 must，客观被迫 have to；
mustn’t 是严禁，don’t have to 没必要。
三、单元通用写作句型（两类语法融合）
I haven’t decided which novel to read, and I have to finish my reading task this week.
You must know how to write a book review, but you don’t have to hand it in today.
We are not sure where to find classical fiction, so we must ask the librarian for help.
四、学生高频易错汇总
疑问词 to do 易错
how to do 缺宾语 it；what to do 多余 it
介词遗漏：who to talk to /which book to choose
混淆结构：形容词后用 a 类，带人物宾语用 b 类
must & have to 易错
过去时态只能用 had to，不能用 must
He had to run away that day.
He must run away that day.
否定含义混淆：mustn’t 禁止 ≠ don’t have to 不必
must 无三单、过去式变形；have to 有人称时态变化

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