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人教版八年级下册英语·期末复习补充资料
Unit 5: Nature's Temper（自然的脾气）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
flood n./v. flooded（adj. 被淹没的）/ flooding（n. 洪水） be flooded / flash flood 被洪水淹没 / 山洪暴发
strike v. struck-struck（不规则）/ striking（adj. 引人注目的） The storm struck the city. 暴风雨袭击了这座城市。
alarm n./v. alarming（adj. 令人担忧的）/ alarmed（adj. 惊恐的） alarm clock / raise the alarm 闹钟 / 发出警报
prepare v. preparation（n. 准备）/ prepared（adj. 有准备的） prepare for / be prepared for为……做准备 / 做好……的准备
survive v. survival（n. 生存）/ survivor（n. 幸存者） survive the disaster 熬过这场灾难
injure v. injury（n. 伤害）/ injured（adj. 受伤的） be seriously injured受重伤
destroy v. destruction（n. 破坏）/ destructive（adj. 破坏性的） destroy homes / cause destruction摧毁房屋/造成毁坏
supply n./v. supplies（n. 物资）/ supplier（n. 供应商） emergency supplies / supply...with... 应急物资 / 向……供应……
补充：复合词
earthquake（地震） rainstorm（暴风雨） snowstorm（暴风雪） typhoon（台风）
tsunami（海啸） tornado（龙卷风）
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
prepare for 为……做准备 We prepared for the typhoon.
be about to 即将 The storm was about to hit.
get into an accident 出事故 We almost got into an accident.
cover the windows 封好窗户 We covered our windows.
move...off... 把……从……移开 Move things off the floor.
store food and water 储备食物和水 We stored food and water.
be in the eye of 在……中心（风眼） In the eye of a typhoon, it's calm.
三、语法精讲：过去进行时
1. 构成：was/were + doing
I was doing my homework at 8 pm yesterday.昨天晚上八点我正在写作业。
We were driving home when the strong winds started.我们正开车回家，突然刮起了大风。
2. when vs while
连词 用法 侧重
when when + 一般过去时（短动作） "当……的时候"，强调时间点
while while + 过去进行时（长动作） "在……期间"，强调时间段
We were driving home when the storm started.（风暴开始时我们正在开车回家）
While we were driving, the storm started.（我们开车期间，风暴来了）
考试高频句型：
- sb was/were doing sth when sth happened（某人正在做某事，这时突然……）
- While sb was/were doing sth, sth happened（当某人在做某事时，……发生了）
3. 过去进行时的常见时间标志词
at 8 yesterday / at that time / at this time yesterday / when / while
4.语法检测题
1. I (read) a book when the phone rang.
2. While she (cook) dinner, the lights went out.
3. We (not watch) TV at 9 pm last night.
4. What you (do) when the earthquake happened
5. They (play) basketball while it started to rain.
6. He (sleep) when his mother came in.
7. it (rain) when you left home this morning
8. The children (study) while their teacher was writing on the board.
9. I (walk) home when I saw an accident.
10. While we (have) dinner, the typhoon hit the city.
答案
was reading
was cooking
weren't watching
were; doing
were playing
was sleeping
Was; raining
were studying
was walking
were having
四、写作指导：A Story about a Day with Bad Weather
写作框架：
1. 背景铺垫：时间、地点、天气（It was a...day. / The weather was...）
2. 事件发展：正在做某事时，天气突变（I was...when... / While I was..., it started to...）
3. 高潮：面对困难的行动和感受（We were worried, but...）
4. 结局：风雨过后（Finally, ... / Luckily, ...）
5. 感悟：学到了什么（I learned that... / It made me realize...）
高分表达：
out of nowhere（突然）
everything went dark（一切都暗了下来）
to make matters worse（更糟的是）
against all odds（克服困难）
better safe than sorry（防患于未然）
It taught me the importance of being prepared.（它教会了我做好准备的重要性）
Unit 6: Crossing Cultures（跨文化交流）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
greet v. greeting（n. 问候/打招呼） greet sb with a smile / greeting cards微笑向某人致意 / 贺卡
embarrass v. embarrassed（adj. 尴尬的）/ embarrassing（adj. 令人尴尬的）/ embarrassment（n.） feel embarrassed感到尴尬
surprise v./n. surprised（adj. 感到惊讶的）/ surprising（adj. 令人惊讶的） be surprised at / to one's surprise对……感到惊讶 / 令某人惊讶的是
formal adj. informal（adj. 非正式的）/ formally（adv.） a formal dinner / formal greeting正式晚宴 / 正式问候
custom n. customs（n. 海关/习俗）/ customary（adj. 习惯的） local customs / social customs 地方习俗/社会习俗
polite adj. impolite（adj. 不礼貌的）/ politely（adv.）/ politeness（n.） be polite to sb对某人有礼貌
behave v. behavior（n. 行为）/ well-behaved（adj. 表现好的） behave well / table manners 举止得体 / 餐桌礼仪
respect v./n. respectful（adj. 尊重的）/ respectable（adj. 值得尊敬的） show respect to / respect local customs尊重当地习俗
补充词缀：
un-：unusual, uncomfortable, unhappy
im-/in-：impolite, impossible, incorrect
-ing vs -ed：surprising（令人惊讶的）vs surprised（感到惊讶的）；embarrassing vs embarrassed；interesting vs interested
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
take off one's shoes 脱鞋 Take off your shoes when entering.
stick...into... 把……插进…… Don't stick chopsticks into rice.
be used to doing 习惯于做某事 She is used to eating with chopsticks.
culture shock 文化冲击 I experienced culture shock in Japan.
table manners 餐桌礼仪 Learn about table manners.
shake hands 握手 They shake hands when they meet.
be hard on 对……苛刻 Don't be hard on yourself.
三、语法精讲：连词 so...that / unless / as soon as + -ing/-ed形容词
1. so...that...（如此……以至于……）
It was so formal that we don't do it these days.
（它太正式了，以至于我们现在不这样做了）
so...that vs so that：
- so...that：如此……以至于（结果）→
The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。
- so that：以便（目的）→
I got up early so that I could catch the bus.我起得很早，以便能赶上公交车。
2. unless（除非 = if...not）
Don't bring food unless the host asks you to.
（除非主人要求，否则不要带食物）
= Don't bring food if the host doesn't ask you to.
unless 引导的从句通常用肯定形式表示否定含义
3. as soon as（一……就……）
In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
（在日本，我们一见到老师就鞠躬）
主将从现：I will call you as soon as I arrive.
4. -ing vs -ed 形容词
surprising（令人惊讶的）→ The news is surprising.这条消息令人意外。
surprised（感到惊讶的）→ I am surprised at the news.听到这个消息我很惊讶。
embarrassing（令人尴尬的）→ The situation is embarrassing.场面十分尴尬。
embarrassed（感到尴尬的）→ I feel embarrassed.我感到很尴尬。
规则：-ing形容事物，-ed形容人的感受
语法检测题
1. The movie was so (bore) that I fell asleep.
2. I was (surprise) by the different customs.
3. You won't pass the exam you study harder.
4. I'll call you （一……就……）I get home.
5. The test was so difficult no one could finish it.
6. She was (embarrass) when she made a mistake.
7.If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. (用unless改写)
.
8. The (excite) news made everyone cheer.
9. He started to cry he saw his mother.
10. The book is so interesting I can't put it down.
答案
boring 2. surprised 3. unless 4. as soon as 5. that
embarrassed 7. Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus. 8. exciting 9. as soon as 10. that
四、写作指导：Advice on Chinese Customs（给外国朋友的中国习俗建议邮件）
写作框架：
1. 开头：问候+说明写信目的（I'm glad you're coming to China. Let me give you some advice on Chinese customs.）
2. 正文：列举2-3个习俗并解释（First, ... / Second, ... / Also, ...）
3. 结尾：鼓励+期待（Don't worry! / I'm sure you'll enjoy your stay.）
高分表达：
It's polite / impolite to...（做……是礼貌的/不礼貌的）
You are supposed to...（你应该……）
It's a custom to...（……是一种习俗）
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗）
make yourself at home（不要客气/当自己家）
Unit 7: A Good Read（好书品读）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
read v./n. reader（n. 读者）/ readable（adj. 易读的）/ reading（n. 阅读） a good read / do some reading 值得一读 / 看书、阅读
fantasy n. fantastic（adj. 极好的）/ fantastical（adj. 奇幻的） fantasy novel / fantasy classic 奇幻小说 / 经典奇幻作品
classic n./adj. classical（adj. 古典的）/ classically（adv.） a classic novel / classic literature 经典小说 / 经典文学作品
prefer v. preferred（过去式双写p）/ preference（n. 偏好） prefer A to B / prefer doing to doing比起B更偏爱A / 比起做某事更愿意做另一件事
describe v. description（n. 描述）/ descriptive（adj. 描写的） describe...as... / give a description of 把……描述为…… / 对……作出描述
summary n. summarize（v. 总结） a summary of the book 这本书的概要
interest n./v. interesting（adj. 有趣的）/ interested（adj. 感兴趣的） be interested in / show interest in 对……感兴趣 / 表现出对……的兴趣
magic n./adj. magical（adj. 魔法的）/ magician（n. 魔术师） magic cake / magical world 魔法蛋糕 / 奇幻世界
补充——名词和动词同形的词：
record（录音/记录）、answer（回答）、dream（做梦/梦）、wish（愿望/祝愿）、water（浇水）、land（着陆/土地）
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
hear of 听说 Have you ever heard of this book
prefer...to... 比起……更喜欢…… I prefer the book to the movie.
grow up 长大 The story is about growing up.
do a book report 做读书报告 We need to do a book report.
can't put it down 爱不释手 The book is so good I can't put it down.
by heart 记住/背诵 Learn the poem by heart.
come across 偶然发现 I came across a great book yesterday.
三、语法精讲：现在完成时（一）—— ever / never / just / already / yet
1. 构成：have/has + 过去分词
人称 肯定 否定 疑问
I/You/We/They have done haven't done Have you done
He/She/It has done hasn't done Has he done
2. 副词用法
副词 含义 位置 例句
ever 曾经 疑问句中 Have you ever read this book
never 从不 肯定句中表否定 I've never heard of it.
just 刚刚 have/has后 I've just finished it.
already 已经 肯定句have/has后 She's already borrowed it.
yet 还（没） 否定/疑问句末 Has she read it yet / I haven't read it yet.
易错点：
- already 用于肯定句，yet 用于否定句和疑问句
- never 虽然含义否定，但用在肯定句式：I have never been there. / I haven't never been there. （双重否定）
- just 位置在have/has和过去分词之间
3. 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
时态 用法 时间标志词
现在完成时 过去的动作对现在有影响 already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, so far
一般过去时 过去某个时间发生的事 yesterday, last week, in 2023, two days ago
4.语法检测题
1. — you ever (read) Harry Potter — Yes, I have.
2. I just (finish) my book report.
3. She never (hear) of this author.
4. — Have you chosen a book — Yes, I've chosen one.
5. He (decide) to read more books last month.
6. I already (read) twenty books this year.
7. They (begin) reading the novel yesterday and (not finish) it yet.
8. you (try) reading a classic novel before
9. She (buy) the book three days ago.
10. We (learn) a lot from reading since this term started.
答案
Have; read 2. have; finished 3. has; heard 4. yet; already 5. decided
6.have; read 7. began; haven't finished 8. Have; tried 9. bought 10. have learned
四、写作指导：Book Report（读书报告）
写作框架：
1. 基本信息：书名、作者、类型（The book I read is... by... It is a...）
2. 内容概要：主要人物和情节（The main character is... / The story is about...）
3. 个人评价：最喜欢部分+推荐理由（My favourite part is... / I think this book is... because...）
4. 推荐：推荐给谁（I would recommend this book to anyone who...）
高分表达：
a must-read（必读之作）
I can't put it down（爱不释手）
It tells the story of...（它讲述了……的故事）
What I like most about this book is...（我最喜欢这本书的是……）
It's not just a story about..., but also about...（它不仅是关于……的故事，更是关于……）
I would highly recommend it.（我强烈推荐它）
Unit 8: Making a Difference（做出改变/志愿服务）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
volunteer n./v. voluntary（adj. 志愿的）/ voluntarily（adv. 自愿地） volunteer to do sth / volunteer work自愿做某事 / 志愿工作
shelter n. shelter（v. 庇护） animal shelter / homeless shelter 动物收容所 / 流浪者收容所
serve v. service（n. 服务）/ servant（n. 仆人） serve in the army / serve the community 服兵役 / 服务社区
organize v. organization（n. 组织）/ organizer（n. 组织者）/ organized（adj. 有组织的） organize an event / charity organization筹办一场活动 / 慈善机构
train v./n. training（n. 训练）/ trainer（n. 教练）/ trainee（n. 学员） train sb to do sth / in training 训练某人做某事 / 在受训中
offer v./n. offer to do sth（主动提出做某事） offer help / offer sb sth 提供帮助 / 向某人提供某物
difference n. different（adj. 不同的）/ differ（v. 区别）/ differently（adv.） make a difference带来改变；有所作为；产生影响
apply v. application（n. 申请）/ applicant（n. 申请人） apply for / application email 求职申请/申请邮件
补充：
make a difference = 有影响、起作用
make no difference = 没有影响
make a difference to sb/sth = 对……有影响
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
volunteer at 在……做志愿者 She volunteers at a nursing home.
make a difference 产生影响 Even small actions can make a difference.
apply for 申请 I'd like to apply for the volunteer position.
be around 存在/成立 The shelter has been around for 10 years.
help out 帮忙 I help out at sports events.
nursing home 养老院 She volunteers at a nursing home.
provide...with... 为……提供…… They provide the elderly with care.
join the organization 加入组织 I joined the Red Cross.
三、语法精讲：现在完成时（二）—— for / since
1. for + 时间段
She has volunteered here for a long time.她已经在这里做志愿者很久了。
I have been a volunteer for a few months.我做志愿者已经有几个月了。
2. since + 时间点/从句
She has been a volunteer since last August.她从去年八月起就一直做志愿者。
He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.暑假一开始，他就来这里做志愿者了。
用法 搭配 举例
for + 时间段 for two years / for a long time / for three months I've lived here for 5 years.
since + 过去时间点 since 2023 / since last Monday / since yesterday He's worked here since 2020.
since + 过去时从句 since I was a child / since he came here We've been friends since we met.
易错点：
- for + 一段时间（for two years / for 2023 ）
- since + 具体时间点（since 2023 / since two years ）
- 对for/since时间段提问用 How long...
- 与现在完成时连用，不能用一段时间前的时间词：I have lived here for 3 years. / I have lived here since 3 years ago. / I have lived here for 3 years ago.
3. 延续性动词 vs 瞬间动词
现在完成时+for/since，谓语动词必须是延续性的：
buy → have（I have had this book for 2 years. / I have bought this book for 2 years. ）
borrow → keep（I have kept it for a week. ）
join → be in/be a member of（I have been in the club for 3 years. ）
die → be dead（He has been dead for 10 years. ）
leave → be away（She has been away for 2 days. ）
6.语法检测题
1. She has worked here 2020.
2. I have been a member of the club three years.
3. He has lived in Beijing he was born.
4. They (volunteer) at the shelter for six months.
5. have you been a volunteer （你做志愿者多久了？）
6. The organization has trained over 6,000 people it began in 2023.
7. I have (know) her since last year.
8. She has kept the book two weeks.
9. He joined the team in 2022. He (be) in the team for four years.
10. We (not see) each other since we graduated.
答案：
since 2. for 3. since 4. have volunteered 5. How long
6. since 7. known 8. for 9. has been 10. haven't seen
四、写作指导：Application Email（申请邮件）
写作框架：
1. 主题行：Application for Volunteer Position
2. 开头：说明写信目的+自我介绍
3. 正文：相关经历和优势（I have volunteered at... / I am good at... / I have been doing...for/since...）
4. 结尾：表达热情和期待回复
高分表达：
I am writing to apply for...（我写信申请……）
I would like to volunteer at...（我想在……做志愿者）
I have experience in...（我在……方面有经验）
I am available on...（我在……时间有空）
I look forward to hearing from you.（期待您的回复）
I believe I can make a difference.（我相信我能做出贡献）
附录：八大单元语法对比速查表
单元 语法主题 核心结构
U1 不定式作状语/宾补 to do / sb do / sb to do
U2 should/could + 反身代词 should do / oneself
U3 连词(although/until/so that/if) 让步/时间/目的/条件
U4 比较级和最高级 -er/-est / more/most / as...as
U5 过去进行时 was/were doing / when/while
U6 连词(so...that/unless/as soon as) + -ing/-ed形容词 结果/条件/时间 / 情感形容词
U7 现在完成时(一) have/has done + ever/never/just/already/yet
U8 现在完成时(二) have/has done + for/since

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