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人教版八年级下册英语·期末复习补充资料
Unit 1: Time to Relax（放松时刻）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
relax v. relaxing（adj. 令人放松的）/ relaxed（adj. 感到放松的） relax oneself / take it easy 放松自己/放轻松
hobby n. hobbies（复数） take up a hobby / develop a hobby 培养一项爱好 / 养成一项爱好
achieve v. achievement（n. 成就）/ achievable（adj. 可实现的） achieve one's goal / a sense of achievement 实现目标 / 成就感
decide v. decision（n. 决定）/ decisive（adj. 果断的） decide to do sth / make a decision 决定做某事 / 做出决定
instruct v. instructor（n. 教练/指导者）/ instruction（n. 指导/说明） instruct sb to do sth指示某人做某事
paint v./n. painting（n. 绘画/画作）/ painter（n. 画家） paint a picture / oil painting 作画 / 油画
challenge n./v. challenging（adj. 有挑战性的） face a challenge / challenge oneself 迎接挑战 / 挑战自我
stress n./v. stressful（adj. 有压力的）/ stressed（adj. 感到压力的） reduce stress / be stressed out 缓解压力 / 压力过大
补充易错点：
relaxing vs relaxed：-ing形容事物（The book is relaxing），-ed形容人（I feel relaxed）
decide to do / decide doing （决定做某事只用不定式）
take up doing sth（开始从事某事，后接v-ing）
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
take up 开始从事 She took up painting last year.
give it a go 试一试 I decided to give it a go.
give up 放弃 Don't give up so easily.
push oneself 逼迫自己 Don't push yourself too hard.
once in a while 偶尔 Take a break once in a while.
to relax 为了放松（目的状语） I read to relax.
a great way to... 做……的好方式 It's a great way to learn.
三、语法精讲：不定式作状语和宾语补足语
1. 不定式作目的状语
I play the flute to relax.（我吹长笛是为了放松）
I went to the sports centre to ice skate.（我去运动中心滑冰）
结构：主语 + 谓语 + to do（表示目的）
否定形式：not to do → I came here not to argue, but to help.
2. 不定式作宾语补足语
I saw my mother paint.（我看到妈妈画画）→ 感官动词+宾语+省略to的不定式
She told me not to give up.（她叫我不要放弃）→ tell sb (not) to do sth
It made me decide to try.（这让我决定尝试）→ make sb do sth（被动时用to do: be made to do）
关键区别：
动词类型 结构 含义
感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice) sb do sth 看到全过程
感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice) sb doing sth 看到正在做
使役动词(make/let/have) sb do sth 让某人做某事
tell/ask/want/advise sb to do sth 要求/告诉某人做某事
考试高频： make sb do → 被动语态变 be made to do（to必须还原！）
3.语法检测题（10题）
1. My mother tells me (not stay) up too late.
2. I saw him (cross) the road just now.
3. She was made (clean) the room again.
4. He decided (take) up a new hobby.
5. The teacher asked us (not talk) in class.
6. I often watch them (play) basketball after school.
7. Let me (help) you with the work.
8. They went to the park (relax) on Sunday.
9. The funny story made everyone (laugh).
10. I heard someone (knock) at the door when I was sleeping.
答案
1. not to stay
2. cross
3. to clean
4. to take
5. not to talk
6. play
7. help
8. to relax
9. laugh
10. knocking
四、写作指导：My Hobby
写作框架：
1. 开头：引出爱好（I'd like to share my hobby with you...）
2. 发展：描述爱好的内容、开始时间、原因
3. 感受：爱好带来的收获（It helps me to... / It makes me feel...）
4. 结尾：总结和建议（I hope you can also find a hobby that...）
高分短语：
take up...（开始从事）
It's a great way to...（这是……的好方法）
Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）
make a difference to my life（改变我的生活）
develop a sense of achievement（培养成就感）
写作模板：
Everyone has a hobby, and mine is ___. I took it up __ (when什么时间/where在哪里). At first, I found it __ (challenging挑战/difficult困难/interesting有趣的), but my instructor told me not to give up. Now, it has become an important part of my life. It helps me to __ and makes me feel ___. I believe a good hobby can make a difference to our lives.
Unit 2: Stay Healthy（保持健康）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
healthy adj. health（n. 健康）/ healthily（adv. 健康地）/ unhealthy（adj. 不健康的） keep healthy / stay healthy 保持健康 / 维持健康
medicine n. medical（adj. 医学的） take some medicine / medical care服用药物/医疗护理
ache n./v. headache / stomachache / toothache / backache have a stomachache肚子疼
hurt v. hurt-hurt-hurt（不规则） hurt oneself / get hurt 弄伤自己/受伤
care v./n. careful（adj. 仔细的）/ careless（adj. 粗心的）/ carefully（adv.）/ carelessly take care of / be careful with 照顾好/小心对待
fever n. feverish（adj. 发烧的） have a fever / run a fever发烧
press v. pressure（n. 压力） press down / blood pressure 按压 / 血压
protect v. protection（n. 保护）/ protective（adj. 保护的） protect sb from sth 保护某人免受某物伤害
补充词缀知识：
-self / -selves：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
-less：careless（粗心的）, useless（无用的）, hopeless（无望的）
-ache：headache, stomachache, toothache, backache, earache
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
have a fever / run a fever 发烧 She has a high fever.
take one's temperature 量体温 Let me take your temperature.
sore throat 喉咙痛 I have a sore throat.
see a dentist 看牙医 You should see a dentist.
take medicine 吃药 Take some medicine and rest.
hurt oneself 伤到自己 I hurt myself when I fell.
by oneself 独自 She did it by herself.
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 Did you enjoy yourselves
take care of 照顾 Take good care of yourself.
be careful with 小心 Be careful with the knife.
pass...to... 把……传给…… It stops us from passing the virus to others.
三、语法精讲：情态动词should/could + 反身代词
1. should / shouldn't 表建议
You should see the dentist.（你应该看牙医）
You shouldn't eat so much next time.（下次你不该吃这么多）
You could eat some soft food.（你可以吃些软食——表建议，语气更委婉）
should vs could：
should：应该，语气较强，表示最佳选择
could：可以，语气更委婉，表示建议或可能性
2. 反身代词
人称 反身代词
I myself
you yourself / yourselves
he himself
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
they themselves
常见搭配：
hurt oneself（伤到自己）
enjoy oneself = have a good time（玩得开心）
by oneself = alone（独自）
teach oneself = learn by oneself（自学）
help oneself to（随便吃/用）
易错： "by + 反身代词" = alone，但 alone 不等于 lonely！
- She lives by herself.（她独自居住）→ 客观状态
- She feels lonely.（她感到孤独）→ 主观感受
3.语法检测题
1. Be careful! Don't cut (you) with the knife.
2. The little girl can dress (she) now.
3. You (should) look at your phone when you cross the road.
4. We enjoyed (we) at the party last night.
5. He taught (he) to play the guitar.
6. You (could) try some honey water for your sore throat.
7. The children are too young to look after (they).
8. I did the homework all by (I).
9. You (should) eat so much junk food.
10. Help (you) to some fruit, children.
答案：
1. yourself
2. herself
3. shouldn't
4. ourselves
5. himself
6. could
7. themselves
8. myself
9. shouldn't
10. yourselves
四、写作指导：问候病情或者陈述自己的病情
写作框架：
1. 描述症状（I have a... / I feel... / My... hurts）
2. 询问细节（How long have you... / Let me... / Does it hurt when... ）
3. 给出建议（You should... / You shouldn't... / You could...）
4. 感谢并确认（祝福）（Thank you, Doctor. / Should I... ）
高分表达：
I'm suffering from...（我正受……之苦）
What seems to be the problem （怎么了？）
I'll give you a prescription.（我给你开个处方）
Take the medicine three times a day.（每天服药三次）
Your health is in your hands.（健康掌握在你自己手中）
Unit 3: Growing Up（成长）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
argue v. argument（n. 争论）/ argumentative（adj. 好争辩的） argue with sb about sth 与某人就某事争辩
apologize v. apology（n. 道歉） apologize to sb for sth / make an apology 因某事向某人道歉 / 致歉
forgive v. forgiveness（n. 原谅）/ forgiving（adj. 宽容的） forgive sb for sth 原谅某人做了某事
upset adj./v. upsetting（adj. 令人心烦的）/ upset（过去式同形） be upset about sth 对某事感到心烦/因某事不快
embarrass v. embarrassed（adj. 尴尬的）/ embarrassing（adj. 令人尴尬的）/ embarrassment（n.） feel embarrassed 感到尴尬
communicate v. communication（n. 交流）/ communicative（adj. 善于交流的） communicate with sb 与某人交流
stress n./v. stressed（adj. 压力大的）/ stressful（adj. 有压力的） be stressed about / reduce stress为……感到压力 / 缓解压力
advise v. advice（n. 建议，不可数）/ advisable（adj. 明智的） advise sb to do sth / a piece of advice 建议某人做某事 / 一条建议
补充：
argue → argument（e去掉加ment）
apologize → apology（动词变名词时去ize加y）
advice（n. 不可数）vs advise（v.）：a piece of advice / an advice
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
argue with 与……争吵 I argued with my best friend.
say sorry to 向……道歉 He said sorry to me.
clear the air 消除误会 They talked to clear the air.
on purpose 故意地 I didn't do it on purpose.
put oneself in sb's shoes 换位思考 Try to put yourself in her shoes.
mean a lot to 对……很重要 The gift means a lot to me.
speak to 与……说话 You should speak to someone you trust.
shut oneself away 自我封闭 Don't shut yourself away.
care about 在意/关心 He didn't care about the fight.
in future 以后 I'll be more careful in future.
in future vs in the future：
in future = from now on（从今以后）
in the future = in the time ahead（将来）
三、语法精讲：连词 although / until / so that / if
1. although（虽然）—— 让步状语从句
Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
（虽然你们吵了架，但你们仍是亲密的朋友）
中文习惯说"虽然……但是"，英语中 although 和 but 不能同时使用！
- Although he is tired, he keeps working.
- He is tired, but he keeps working.
- Although he is tired, but he keeps working.
2. until（直到……才）—— 时间状语从句
You won't know how he feels until you talk to him.
（直到你和他谈话，你才会知道他的感受）
not...until... 直到……才……
主句用否定形式，表示"直到……才发生"
- I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
3. so that（以便/为了）—— 目的状语从句
You can write to your parents so that they'll know how you feel.
（你可以给父母写信，以便他们了解你的感受）
so that = in order that，后常接 can/will/may
区别：so...that...（如此……以至于）→ Unit 6 学到
4. if（如果）—— 条件状语从句
If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
（如果你做错或说错了什么，你应该道歉）
主将从现：主句用将来时，if从句用一般现在时
- If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
- If it will rain tomorrow, I stay at home.
5.语法检测题
1. he is young, he knows a lot about the world.
2. I won't leave the rain stops.
3. Speak louder everyone can hear you.
4. you feel upset, you should talk to someone.
5. it was raining, we still went out for a walk.
6. She studied hard she could pass the exam.
7. Don't cross the road the light turns green.
8. you heat ice, it turns into water.
9. He didn't stop working it was midnight.
10. We'll have a picnic tomorrow it doesn't rain.
答案
1. Although / Though
2. until
3. so that
4. When / If
5. Although / Though
6. so that
7. until
8. If / When
9. until
10. if
四、写作指导：Thank-you Letter（感谢信）
写作框架：
1. 开头：表达感谢（I'm writing to thank you for...）
2. 正文：具体说明感谢的原因（Thank you for helping me... / I really appreciate...）
3. 感受：表达感受（It made me feel... / I was so moved...）
4. 结尾：再次感谢并祝福（Thank you again. / Best wishes.）
高分表达：
I'm writing to express my gratitude for...（我写信表达对……的感激）
It means a lot to me.（这对我意义重大）
Without your help, I couldn't have...（没有你的帮助，我不可能……）
I appreciate your kindness and support.（我感谢你的善意和支持）
I will always remember what you did for me.（我会永远记得你为我做的事）
Unit 4: The Wonders of Nature（大自然的奇迹）
一、核心词汇与变形考点
单词 词性 考点变形 常见搭配
nature n. natural（adj. 自然的）/ naturally（adv. 自然地） the wonders of nature / natural wonder 大自然的奇观 / 自然奇观
amazing adj. amaze（v. 使惊奇）/ amazed（adj. 感到惊讶的）/ amazement（n.） be amazed at / to one's amazement对……感到惊讶/令某人惊讶的是
achieve v. achievement（n. 成就） achieve one's dream / a great achievement 实现某人的梦想 / 一项伟大的成就
explore v. explorer（n. 探险家）/ exploration（n. 探索） explore nature / space exploration 探索自然 / 太空探索
dangerous adj. danger（n. 危险）/ dangerously（adv.）/ endanger（v. 危及） in danger / out of danger 处于危险中 / 脱离危险
deep adj./adv. deeply（adv. 深深地）/ depth（n. 深度） 100 meters deep / the depth of 100米深 / ……的深度
wide adj. widely（adv. 广泛地）/ width（n. 宽度） 5 meters wide / the width of 5米宽/……的宽度
high adj./adv. highly（adv. 高度地）/ height（n. 高度） 8,848 meters high / the height of 海拔8848米 / ……的高度
补充——度量表达：
长度：long → length（The river is 100 km long. / The length of the river is 100 km.）
宽度：wide → width
高度：high → height
深度：deep → depth
二、重点短语搭配
短语 含义 例句
be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 I was amazed at the view.
in danger 处于危险中 The animals are in danger.
compare...with... 把……与……比较 Compare this mountain with that one.
as...as 和……一样 This river is as long as that one.
not as/so...as 不如…… It's not as hot as yesterday.
bit by bit 一点一点地 The mountain erodes bit by bit.
above sea level 海拔 Qomolangma is 8,848 meters above sea level.
三、语法精讲：形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 比较级和最高级构成规则
类型 构成方式 举例
一般单音节 加-er / -est tall → taller → tallest
以e结尾 加-r / -st large → larger → largest
辅+元+辅 双写加-er / -est big → bigger → biggest
辅音+y结尾 变y为i加-er / -est heavy → heavier → heaviest
多音节 前加more / most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
不规则 特殊变化 good→better→best; bad→worse→worst; far→farther→farthest
2. 常见句型
比较级：A is bigger than B.
最高级：Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
同级比较：This river is as long as that one.
不及比较：It is not as hot as yesterday.
3. How + 形容词/副词
How amazing!（多么令人惊叹！）
How beautiful the mountain is!（这座山多美啊！）
How fast he runs!（他跑得真快！）
How vs What 感叹句：
- How + adj/adv + 主语 + 谓语！→ How tall the building is!
- What + a/an + adj + n + 主语 + 谓语！→ What a tall building it is!
语法检测题
1. Qomolangma is (high) mountain in the world.
2. This river is much (long) than that one.
3. The Sahara is (big) desert on Earth.
4. She runs as (fast) as her brother.
5. This is one of (amazing) places I have ever seen.
6. The weather today is not as (cold) as yesterday.
7. beautiful the waterfall is!
8. China has made great (achieve) in mountain climbing.
9. Of the three lakes, this one is (deep).
10. He jumped (far) than any other student in his class.
答案：
1. the highest
2. longer
3. the biggest
4. fast
5. the most amazing
6. cold
7. How
8. achievements
9. the deepest
10. farther
四、写作指导：Nature Wonder Advertisement（自然奇观广告/推介文）
写作框架：
1. 引人注目的开头（Have you ever seen... / Imagine a place where...）
2. 描述奇观（It is...meters high/deep/wide. / It is the...est...in the world.）
3. 推荐理由（You will be amazed at... / It's a great place to...）
4. 号召行动（Come and visit...! / Don't miss the chance!）
高分表达：
one of the most...in the world（世界上最……之一）
take your breath away（让你叹为观止）
a must-see destination（必看之地）
It's worth visiting.（值得一看）
You'll be amazed at its beauty.（你会被它的美所惊叹）

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