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(共36张PPT)
https://book.21cnjy.com/studio/detail id=2032
Unit 8 Making a Difference
What can we do to help
(Section A Grammar)
人教版（2024） 八年级下册
通过本节课学习，我能够：
1. 区分 for + 时间段、since + 时间点 / 从句 的用法。
2. 通过短文填空、小组访谈训练逻辑梳理与语篇整合能
力，提升辨析式思维。
3. 了解国内外志愿服务（动物收容所、红十字、乡村支
教、体育赛事志愿），树立奉献、互助的公益意识，
理解志愿服务文化价值。
Learning objectives
Do you remember Teng Fei’s volunteer experience
Review
What did Teng Fei do there
exercise with
the elderly
play
Chinese chess
teach some of the how
to use a mobile phone
What are Teng Fei’s and Ella’s thoughts
Many of the elderly are ________ because their families don’t ____________ often.
We must _________ the elderly. We will all _________ one day too.
We can learn from their ___________________________.
lonely
visit them
care for
be old
life stories and experiences
Do you remember the conversations in 1b and 2c
How long have the three volunteers in 1b volunteered
Volunteer 1 has been a volunteer ______________.
Volunteer 2 has been a volunteer ______________.
Volunteer 3 has been a volunteer ____________________.
since last year
for two weeks
for about seven years
How long has Rose been a volunteer at an animal shelter How about Robert
Rose has been a volunteer ______________.
for two years
Robert has ________ volunteered.
never
Lead-in
Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently
Have you been to our animal shelter before No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
4a
如何区分时间段和时间点呢？
But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。
for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。
试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！
5:30
five years
three minutes
2015
May 5
two months
时间点
时间点
时间段
时间点
时间段
时间段
时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月；
时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。
Have you been to our animal shelter before No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
观察句中动词，你能发现什么？
这些动词都是延续性动词。
一、for 和 since 的用法：
现在完成时
现在完成时的“未完成”用法表示某一动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可能继续下去。since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since意为“自从......”，for意为“持续了......”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。
Grammar
1. 现在完成时+ for +一段时间
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
2. 现在完成时 + since +表示过去的时间点 /一段时间+ago
Mr. Smith has worked here since 2004.
自2004年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。
3. 现在完成时 + since +从句（一般过去时）
He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college.
自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。
=22 years ago.
自22年前起
Complete the sentences with for or since.
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.
2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.
3. My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
4. We haven’t used our car ______ a long time .
5. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _______ years.
6. Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years old.
for
for
for
since
since
since
小试牛刀
小试牛刀
【难点】【易错】
1. 对“for + 一段时间、since + 表示过去的时间点或since + 从
句”的提问用how long。
2. 若现在完成时的句子中有如上三种时间状语，则谓语动词必
须用延续性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响，如learn, work, live, know, walk等。
二、延续性动词与非延续性动词
非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止，如open, close, die, begin, come, go, borrow等。
延续性动词可以在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用，如“for+一段时间”“since+过去的时间点” “since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）”或“since +一段时间+ago”等。
My sister has kept these postcards since she was five.
我妹妹从五岁起就留着这些明信片了。
非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
The old man has moved to India for two years.
The old man has moved to India.
在否定句中，非延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
I haven’t heard from my friend for three days.
我已经三天没有收到朋友的消息了。
非延续性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词之间的转化
1. 直接转换成延续性动词：
buy → have
borrow → keep
put on → wear
2. 转换成be + 名词：
join the army → be a soldier
come /go /become → be
join → be a member of
go to school → be a student
catch a cold → have a cold
come → stay
move to → live in
go to sleep → sleep
make friends → be friends
3. 转换成be + 形容词/副词：
die → be dead
finish → be over
begin /start → be on
4. 转换成be + 介词短语：
go to school → be in school
leave → be away
join the army → be in the army
fall asleep → be asleep
close → be closed
go out → be out
open → be open
fall ill → be ill
get up → be up
get to /arrive in /reach → be in
marry → be married
同义句转换，每空一词。
1. His father died three years ago.
His father _____ _____ _____ for three years.
2. You are too late. The film began half an hour ago.
You are too late. The film ______ ______ _____ since half an
hour ago.
3. They came to this school in 2015.
They _____ ______ _____ this school for eleven years.
has
been
dead
has
been
on
has
been
in
小试牛刀
小试牛刀
4. Li Ming borrowed my dictionary the day before yesterday.
Li Ming _____ _____ my dictionary since two days ago.
5. Mary left the company in 2005.
Mary _____ ______ ______ _____ the company for
twenty-one years.
has
kept
has
been
away
from
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since.
This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She __________ (teach) English to the soldiers _________ three years.
I ___________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends _________ I joined the organization.
Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ______ two years now. ___________ he started working there, he ___________ (help) many students.
The organization ____________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers ________ it began to offer classes three years ago.
has taught
for
have been
since
4b
for
Since
has helped
has trained
since
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
I love being a volunteer! I ____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ___________ (make) many new friends and I _______ even _______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _______ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ________
(be) so big that they ______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and
they _________ (smile) and _________ (thank) me warmly.
I am proud to be a volunteer.
4c
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
I love being a volunteer! I ____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ___________ (make) many new friends and I _______ even _______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _______ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ________
(be) so big that they ______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and
they _________ (smile) and _________ (thank) me warmly.
I am proud to be a volunteer.
have worked
have helped
have made
4c
have
met
met
was
got
smiled
thanked
Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class.
4d
How long have you known your best friend/...
had your favourite toy/...
lived in your neighbourhood/...
I ....
How long have you ...
A: How long have you known your best friend
B: I have known my best friend since we were six years old.
A: How long have you had your favourite toy
B: I have had my favourite toy for about 6 months.
A: How long have you lived in your neighbourhood
B: I have lived in my neighbourhood since 2020.
Possible version
1. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ...
primary adj. 小学教育的；首要的
Language points
My father teaches in a village primary school.
我父亲在一所乡村小学教书。
His primary concern is the safety of his family.
他首要关心的问题是家人的安全。
The primary reason for his success is his hard work.
他成功的主要原因是他的努力工作。
The primary stage of the project is very important.
项目的最初阶段非常重要。
2. ... I have helped out at over ten different sports events.
help out 分担工作；帮忙做
Thanks for helping out! 谢谢你帮忙！
She helped out with the charity sale. 她帮忙做慈善义卖。
He helped out by donating money to the cause.
他为这项事业捐款相助。
Can you help me out with this math problem
你能帮我解决这道数学题吗？
He always helps out his parents by fixing things around the house.
他总帮父母修理家里的东西。
其他与out相关的短语:
work out 解决；锻炼；计算出
give out 用完；耗尽
find out 查明，发现
sort out 理顺；(从.....中)区分出来
3. They were at a stadium for a charity match.
charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善事业
The charity provides food for homeless people.
慈善组织为无家可归的人们提供食物。
He often donates for charity. 他经常为慈善事业捐款。
She often does charity work with her group.
她经常和小组成员一起做慈善工作。
There will be a charity performance next week. 下周将有一场义演。
The runners in the marathon raise money for charity.
马拉松运动员为慈善募捐。
4. I gave them directions and they smiled and thanked me warmly.
warmly adv. 热情地；温暖地
I warmly thank all the people at the party. 我热情地感谢晚会上所有的人。
When we got to the farm, they welcomed us warmly.
当我们到达农场的时候，他们热情地欢迎我们。
The sun is shining warmly on the earth. 太阳温暖地照耀着大地。
She smiled warmly at me and I felt relaxed.
她热情地朝我微笑，我感到很放松。
The weather is warm today. Let's go for a walk.
今天天气很温暖，我们去散步吧。
They gave us a warm welcome. 他们热情地欢迎我们。
Section A (Grammar Focus)
Grammar:
1. for 和 since 的用法
2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词
Summary
1. Gina ____________ (own) the car for two years.
2. Linda first ________ (meet) Susan three months ago.
3. It is five years since Mary ___________ (come) back to her
hometown.
4. The cinema ____________ (be) here for over 20 years.
5. Jenny ____________ (miss) her grandparents very much and
wants to visit them next week.
has owned
met
came
has been
misses
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
Exercise
1. Linda bought the house last year.（改为同义句）
Linda ______ _______ the house for one year.
2. His brother joined the army three years ago.（改为同义句）
His brother ______ ________ in the army for three years.
3. Mark left his country when he was twelve.（改为同义句）
Mark ____ _____ ______ from his country since he was 12.
has had
II. 按要求完成下列各题，每空一词。
has been
has been away
4. The film began five minutes ago.（改为同义句）
The film ______ ________ ______ for five minutes.
The film ______ ________ ______ since five minutes ago.
5. Mary has kept this book for a week.（对画线部分提问）
_______ ________ _______ Mary ________ this book
6. John has owned the pet dog since he was seven years old.
（对画线部分提问）
_______ _______ _______ John _________ the pet dog
has been on
How long has kept
has been on
How long has owned
Homework
Memorize the example sentences in 4a and finish organizing the exercises 4b and 4c.
Write 5 original sentences about your volunteer work or life experience with durations.
Must do:
Interview your family members, write down 3 pairs of questions and answers, and share them in the next class.
Try to do:
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