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(共22张PPT)
语法突破
专题二　冠词与代词
过重难 · 解惑释疑
冠词
★★★★(8年16考)
考点一
不定冠词★★★(8年4考)
用法 示例
用在人名前，表示“一个叫……的人” a Johnson(一个叫约翰逊的人)
用在序数词前，表示“另一个，又一个” a second foreign language(另一门外语)
用于物质/抽象名词具体化，表示具体的人或事物 a drink(一杯酒)　a great success(巨大成功)
修饰动词转化来的名词，表示“一次，一番” go for a walk(去散步)
用法 示例
a(n)＋形容词＋不可数名词＋of，表示“一种……” a wide knowledge of painting(广博的绘画知识)
表示数量的短语 a few(一些)　a great deal of(大量的)
a couple of(一对，几个)
a most表示“一个非常……的” in a most pleasant atmosphere(在非常愉快的气氛中)
quite/such/what a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词 in such a hurry(如此匆忙地)
考点二
定冠词★★★★(8年12考)
用法 示例
表示特指，双方已知或上文提过的事物 There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman.
窗边有一把椅子。在这把椅子上坐着一位年轻女子。
表示独一无二的事物，如天体、方位、发明物等 the sun(太阳)　the moon(月亮)　the Internet(因特网)
注意：space(太空)、nature(自然)、man(人类)一般不加冠词
用在西洋乐器前 play the violin(拉小提琴)
用法 示例
用在序数词/最高级前，表示顺序或最高程度 the first day(第一天)　the largest supermarket(最大的超市)
用在姓氏复数/形容词前，表示一家人/一类人 the Smiths(史密斯一家/夫妇)　the rich(富人)　the injured(伤员)
用在世纪/年代前，表示特定时期 in the 1990s(在20世纪90年代)
用在计量单位前 by the hour(按小时)　by the dozen(按打)
特殊：by weight/length/width/depth(按照重量/长度/宽度/深度)
用在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句型中，表示“越……，就越……” The more, the better. 越多越好。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅰ)Go is one of _____ earliest binary-based(基于二元的) games.
2. (2025浙1)The price of fashion—economically and environmentally—has led to the rise of ___ new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too.
3. (2024新Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for _____ first time.
4. (2024浙1)Then, when you use one section, _____ other stays fresh.
5. (2023新Ⅰ)The meat should be fresh with ___ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
the
a
the
the
a
6. (2023新Ⅱ)And who do they speak English with Not the pandas, even though _____ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
7. (2022甲)___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
8. (2022乙)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate _____ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
9. (2021乙)Due to _____ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
the
A
the
the
10. (2021新Ⅰ)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ___ must to visit!
11. (2020Ⅱ)The plum trees are _____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
12. (2019Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ___ joke.
a
the
a
代词
★★★(8年10考)
考点一
人称、物主、反身代词★★★(8年8考)
类型 用法 要点 示例
人称 代词 主格 作句子主语 He is a student.
宾格 作动词宾语 I saw her yesterday.
作介词宾语 Give the book to him.
并列顺序 第二人称→第三人称→第一人称 You, she and I are good friends.
类型 用法 要点 示例
物主 代词 形容词性物主代词 后面接名词，起修饰限定作用 my book
their bags
名词性物 主代词 后面不接名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词” This cup is mine.＝This is my cup.
反身 代词 作宾语 在介词后 She finished the work by herself.
在动词后 He teaches himself advanced mathematics.
作同位语 强调“本人亲自或事物本身” You should ask the manager himself.
The plan itself is good.
作表语 表示身体或精神状态 I'm not quite myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
【特别提醒】　含有反身代词的固定搭配有enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself to(请自用……)、devote/adapt/accustom oneself to(致力于/适应/习惯于)、behave oneself(守规矩)、come to oneself(苏醒)、make oneself at home(别拘束)、teach oneself(自学)、bury oneself in(专心致志于)
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅱ)Over time, I've found ________(I) feeling extremely at home here.
2. (2024甲)This area, with _____(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3. (2023新Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _______(they) contents.
4. (2022乙)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
myself
its
their
its
5. (2021新Ⅰ)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ______(I)．
6. (2018Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ______(they) alive.
mine
them
考点二
不定代词(8年1考)
不定代词 用法 示例
both/either/ neither both(两者都)：作主语，谓语用复数 either(两者中任何一个)：作主语，谓语用单数 neither(两者都不)：作主语，谓语用单数或复数 Neither of the two boys has/have passed the geography examination.
all/none all(全部都)：作主语，谓语单复数形式取决于其所指代的人或事物 none(没有一点儿)：作主语且后有复数名词时，谓语可用单数或复数 None of us enjoy staying up late.
不定代词 用法 示例
some/any some(一些)：多用于肯定句 any常用于否定句或疑问句，表示 “一些”，在肯定句中表示“三者及以上中任何一个” Are there any stamps in that drawer？
many/much many修饰或指代可数名词复数 much修饰或指代不可数名词 She has many interesting stories to share about her trip to Beijing.
few/a few/ little/a little few(不多，很少)：修饰或指代可数名词复数 little(不多的)：修饰或指代不可数名词 a few(有些)：修饰或指代可数名词复数 a little(一些)：修饰或指代不可数名词 He can speak a little French, but he knows little English.
不定代词 用法 示例
the other/ other/another /others the other(两者中的另一个)：常用于one...the other...，表示“一个……另一个……” other(另外的、其他)：不能单独使用，仅修饰名词 another(三者及以上中另一个)：可单独使用，也可修饰名词 others(其他的人或事物)：只能单独用，表泛指 He has two hobbies. One is playing basketball, and the other is reading novels.
复合不定 代词 复合不定代词由some-、any-、no-、every-与-one、-body、-thing、-where组合而成，指代不确定的人、事物或地点。作主语时谓语用单数形式，形容词、不定式等修饰语需后置。 There's something wrong with the TV—it won't turn on.
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2024浙1)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ______(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
2. (2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _________ contained any useful suggestions.
3. (2013Ⅱ)It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ______.
4. (2013山东)I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
ones
neither
both
either
考点三
it的用法★★(8年1考)
用法 具体场景 示例
指代用法 天气、时间、距离、环境 It's early spring, but it is already very hot.
代替前文提到的事物 Although he didn't like the movie, he decided to see it anyway.
指人(用于婴儿或身份确认) Is it a boy or a girl？
用法 具体场景 示例
形式主语 It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth. It is difficult for him to finish the task.
It＋be＋adj.＋(of sb.)＋to do sth. It is kind of you to help me.
It is no good/no use doing sth. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It's (well) worth doing sth. It is worth reading this book.
It＋be＋名词＋that从句 It is a fact that he passed the exam.
It＋be＋adj.＋that从句 It is important that we (should) be honest.
It seems/appears...＋that从句 It seems that he is lying.
It takes (sb.) time to do sth. It took me an hour to finish the homework.
用法 具体场景 示例
形式宾语 动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do/从句 He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
动词＋it＋useless/worth...＋doing I find it worth trying again.
动词＋it＋important...＋that从句 I think it necessary that we (should) start early.
强调句型 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分 It was David that/who bought a cell phone yesterday. (强调主语)
It was from a store nearby that David bought a cell phone.(强调状语)
判断方法：去掉It is/was和that/who，句子结构仍完整 原句：It was David that bought a cell phone.
去掉后：David bought a cell phone.
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2020Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures ____ contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
2. (2018浙江)Many Westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____ can be to eat out.　
3. (2015浙江)How would you like ____ if you were watching your favourite TV programme and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you
4. (2014全国)—Who's that at the door
—____ is the milkman.
it
it
it
It

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