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(共22张PPT)
语法突破
专题四　介词与连词
过重难 · 解惑释疑
介词
★★★★★(8年22考)
考点一
表示时间和方位的介词
类别 介词 用法
表示 时间 at、in、on ① at表示时间点
② in表示时间段，与表示较长一段时间的词搭配
③ on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日，也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上
in、after 两者均可接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但“in＋时间段”常与将来时连用，“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用
类别 介词 用法
表示 时间 for、since、from ① “for＋时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了一段时间
② “since＋时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今
③ “from＋时间点”表示行为或状态的起始点
before、by 两者均可表示“在……之前”，但 by 表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内
类别 介词 用法
表示 方位 on、above、over ① on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath
② above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below
③ over指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under
类别 介词 用法
表示 方位 across、through、past、over、along、by、beside ① across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”
② through指从人群或物体内部“穿过，贯穿”
③ past表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边
④ over表示从上方越过
⑤ along表示“沿着”
⑥ by与beside 均表示“在……旁边”，by含有“倚，凭靠”的意思
⑦ beside指两者位置关系，表示“在……旁边”
at、in、on ① at后接较小的地方　② in后接较大的地方　③ on一般指与面或线接触
in、on、to、off ① in表示在某一范围之内　② on表示与某一地区“毗邻，接壤”　③ to表示在某范围之外　④ off表示“(时空上)离，距”
考点二
其他常用介词
介词 用法
against ① 反对，违反，与……相反　② 碰，撞　③ 紧靠　④ 与……相比　⑤ 以……为背景　⑥ 对……不利
beyond ① 在(或向)……较远的一边　② 晚于，迟于　③ 超出，除……之外　④ 非……所能及
with ① 和……一起，和，同，跟　② 有，具有，带有　③ 由于，因为　④ (表示方式)用
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅰ)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ____ no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.
2. (2025新Ⅱ)Nothing in my life before prepared me _____ this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
3. (2025浙1)Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead _________ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
4. (2024新Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands ____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route.
by
for
on/upon
as
5. (2023乙)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
6. (2022乙)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
7. (2021浙江)In 1844 they bought it _____ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
8. (2020Ⅰ)Museums must compete _____ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
to
by
for
for
考点三
介词短语
类型 示例
at＋名词 at sea茫然　at peace处于和平状态　at work在工作　at a loss不知所措
beyond＋名词 beyond compare无与伦比　beyond description 难以形容
beyond doubt 无疑　beyond one's reach够不着
beyond recognition 认不出来
by＋名词 by accident偶然　by chance 碰巧　by mistake 错误地
by hand 用手工　by nature天生地　by coincidence 碰巧
类型 示例
in＋名词 in trouble在困境中　in advance 事先，提前　in common 共有，共同
in detail详细地　in general 通常，大体上　in need需要，在危急中
in turn轮流　in order整齐，井然有序
in＋名词＋of in need of需要　in terms of 就……而言　in search of 寻找
in favour of支持，赞成　in case of 假使　in place of 代替
in spite of尽管　in honour of 为了纪念　in charge of 负责，掌管
on＋名词 on purpose故意地　on leave 在休假　on fire 着火
on holiday/vacation在度假　on sale出售　on time 准时
on business出差　on exhibition 在展出
类型 示例
out of＋名词 out of sight看不见　out of reach够不着　out of order 出故障
out of date过期　out of breath 喘不上气　out of control失去控制
其他常考短语 as a result of由于　far from 远非　for fear of 唯恐
instead of 代替　regardless of不管，不顾　in return for作为回报
in no time立刻
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2024新Ⅱ)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ____ Romeo and Juliet.
2. (2023新Ⅱ)I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. And who do they speak English ______
3. (2023新Ⅰ)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____ hand rather than rolled.
4. (2022新Ⅰ)Giant pandas also serve ____ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
to
with
by
as
5. (2020江苏)Taking on this challenge will bring you ____ contact with someone who shares your interests.
6. (2019浙江)But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ____ this question is not clear.
7. (2018江苏)China's soft power grows in line ______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
8. (2017江苏)Determining where we are in relation ____ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
in
to
with
to
连词
★★★(8年13考)
考点一
连词的分类
1. 并列连词
(1) 表示平行或对等关系：and(和)、or(或者)、both...and(两者都)、neither...nor(既不……也不)、not only...but (also)(不但……而且)、as well as(也)等。
My father never smokes or drinks. 我父亲从不抽烟或喝酒。
Not only you but also she has to clean the classroom. 不但你而且她得打扫教室。
(2) 表示转折关系：but(但是)、however(然而)、yet(然而)、while(然而)等。
(2025新Ⅰ)My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking he should call first. 我妻子建议我和我弟弟联系，但我拒绝了，认为他应该先打电话。
(3) 表示选择关系：or(或者，否则)、not...but(不是……而是)、either...or(或者……或者)。
Either he or I am going to the movie. 不是他就是我去看电影。
2. 从属连词
(1) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when、while、as、after、before、until/till、since、as soon as等。
(2025新Ⅰ)Then we hugged—something we hadn't done since his wife passed away.
然后我们拥抱了一下——自从他妻子去世后，我们就再也没有这样做过了。
I arrived at the airport after the plane had taken off. 我在飞机起飞后到达了机场。
(2) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because、since、as等。
She isn't going with us because she has a bad headache. 她不和我们一起去，因为她头痛得厉害。
(3) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if、unless、once、as long as等。从句中用一般现在时表将来。
The sports meet will continue unless it rains this afternoon.
如果今天下午不下雨，运动会将继续举行。
(4) 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有than、as等。在as...as...中，第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。
It was much better than I'd expected. 这比我预料的要好得多。
(5) 引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though、although、while，但while从句一般不放在主句后。
Though/Although/While the work is very hard, I can manage to finish it on time.
尽管此工作很难，但我能设法准时完成。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅰ)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, _____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
2. (2025新Ⅱ)But it's amazing how you can adapt _____ learn in a new environment.
3. (2024新Ⅱ)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language _____ see how Tang's play was being performed.
4. (2024浙1)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
and
and
and
or
5. (2023新Ⅱ)It's been an honour to watch the panda programme develop _____ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
6. (2023新Ⅰ)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), ____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
7. (2022乙)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _____ cultural exchanges.
and
or
and
8. (2020浙江)It's also that they are on average healthier _____ more productive for longer.
9. (2015北京)He is a shy man, _____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
10. (2013四川)Read this story, _____ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
and
but
and
when可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”，用来表示对比。
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。
He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她喜欢茶。
考点二
when和while作连词的用法

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