资源简介

[先讲解]
foundation /fa n'de n/ n. 创建；基础；地基
① lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
without foundation 无根据的
② found vt. 创立；建立(过去式：founded　过去分词：founded)
found...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础上
③ founder n. (组织、机构等的)创建者，发起人
【写作金句】　[人教选必四U3P28]Zac grew up on a boat and learnt how to sail when he was four,which formed the foundation of his success. 扎克在船上长大，四岁时便学会了航海，这奠定了他成功的基础。
political /p 'l t kl/ adj. 政治的
① for political reasons 由于政治原因
political power 政权
political career/centre 政治生涯/中心
② politics n. 政治
a politics teacher 一个政治老师
major in politics 主修政治
③ politician n. 政治家；政客
【写作金句】　Firstly,Beijing is the capital of China. Besides,Beijing is not only the political centre but also the cultural centre of our country. 首先，北京是中国的首都。此外，北京不仅是我国的政治中心，也是我国的文化中心。(推荐信)
entitle / n'ta tl/ vt. 给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利；使符合资格
① be entitled＋n. 被命名为……
be entitled to do sth. 被赋予做某事的权利
be entitled to sth. 被给予……权利/资格
② title n. 标题；称号
【写作金句】　This exhibition,entitled “Picasso Sculptor: Matter and Body”， brings together 61 sculptures he made between 1909 and 1964—a span of more than 50 years. 这场名为《雕塑家毕加索：物质与身体》的展览汇集了他在1909年至1964年间创作的61件雕塑，时间跨度超过50年。
sponsor /'sp ns (r)/ vt. 倡议；赞助；主办
n. (法案等的)倡议者；赞助者
① sponsor sb./sth. 赞助某人/某事
sponsor sb. to do sth. 赞助某人做某事
be sponsored by 由……赞助
② a sponsor of the Olympic Games 奥运会赞助商
【写作金句】　The exhibition sponsored by several famous companies turned out to be a great success. 这场由几家著名公司赞助的展览非常成功。
distribution / d str 'bju n/ n. 分布；分配；分发；(商品)经销，分销
① distribute vt. 分发，分配；分销；使分布，分散
distribute...to... 把……分发/分配给……
distribute...among... 在……中分发/分配
② distributor n. 经销商；分销商
【写作金句】　It is obvious that an equal distribution of the educational resources is what the public need badly nowadays. 很明显，教育资源的平等分配是当今公众迫切需要的。(倡议书)
violence /'va l ns/ n. 暴力；暴行
① domestic violence 家庭暴力
answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
② violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
violent behaviour/crime 暴力行为/犯罪
③ violently adv. 激烈地；猛烈地
【写作金句】　[外研选必三U3P33]A good soldier is not violent. A good fighter is not angry. A good winner is not vengeful. 善为士者，不武；善战者，不怒；善胜敌者，不与。
[再练习]
考点1　foundation的相关用法
① [人教选必四U3P26]Trade and curiosity have often formed the (found) of mankind's greatest achievements.
② Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is one of the best universities in China.
③ [写作迁移]四年的大学生活为他的工作奠定了坚实的基础。
Four years' college life .
考点2　political的相关用法
① He had a talent unmatched by any other (politics) of this century.
② Many people consider (political) irrelevant to their lives.
③ [人教选必四U2P22]Constructed as part of a larger (politics) plan,the market was established to improve the city's overall economy and prosperity.
考点3　entitle的相关用法
① [人教选必四U2P22]Special tiger reserves with fences have greatly improved the distribution of the wild tiger population across India,and local police are now (entitle) to give longer prison sentences to hunters.
② All children are entitled a high-quality education regardless of their race,gender,or family income.
考点4　sponsor的相关用法
① [译林选必四U1P7]The clothes she was wearing in those photos (sponsor) by companies.
② [北师选必二U6P59]Over the last decade,the government (sponsor) advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS,saving water,helping the poor,giving up smoking etc.
③ The protest comes on the eve of two days of talks, (sponsor) by the United Nations.
考点5　distribution的相关用法
① [外研选必四U4P52]After I went on TV,a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its (distribute)．
② You can get the book through your local (distribute)．
③ (distribute) to the students at home,the textbooks enabled them to study more efficiently.
考点6　violence的相关用法
① [北师选必三U8P36]The crash was so (violence) that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.
② [北师选必三U8P38]The professor was thrown from the boat when it (violence) crashed.
③ [外研选必三U3P35]But even in the depths of war,few could have been prepared for the (violent) and horror they would experience there.
joint /d nt/ n. 公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节　adj. 联合的，共同的
【对点微练】　赏句猜义
① [译林选必二U2P16]For over a century,people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertin's dream.
② [人教选必四U2P14]Bakeries,fast-food joints,butcher shops,cafes,and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
③ [北师必修一U2P45]It's great for beginners or people recovering from an injury because of its low impact—that means it won't hurt your joints.
getaway /'ɡet we / n. 短假；适合度假的地方；(尤指犯罪后的)逃跑，逃走
【对点微练】　赏句猜义
① Weekend tours are ideal for families who want a getaway.
② They made their getaway along a pavement on a stolen motorcycle.
③ [人教选必四U2P16]Consisting of 77 provinces that stretch all the way down to Malaysia in the south,the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway.
session /'se n/ n. —场，一节；一段时间；会议；(法庭的)开庭，开庭期
【对点微练】　赏句猜义
① After two late night sessions,the Security Council has failed to reach agreement.
② The dancers can earn anything between ￡20 and ￡30 for each session.
③ He collapsed following a vigorous exercise session at his home.
④ The court is now in session.
hatch /h t / vi. 孵化，孵出　vt. 使孵出；策划，(尤指)密谋
【对点微练】　赏句猜义
① The female turtle must find a warm place to hatch her eggs.
② [北师选必一U3P53]They protected Old Blue's eggs,helped them to hatch,and took care of the chicks.
③ Have you been hatching up a deal with her
wherever 引导让步状语从句
【课本原句】 They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life,and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. 他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。
① 此句中的wherever意为“无论哪里”，引导让步状语从句。此处的wherever可以用no matter where代替。
② “no matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”引导让步状语从句时可以互换。
③ “疑问词-ever”还可以用来引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”只能用来引导让步状语从句。
【写作迁移】 　完成句子
① 不管他何时再来，他都会受到欢迎。
,he'll be welcome.
② 一个有决心的人总是努力完成这项工作，不管它有多难。
A determined person always tries to finish the job, .
③ 无论谁触犯了法律都应该受到惩罚。
should be punished.
For one thing,... For another,...
【课本原句】 For one thing,there are the wide plains in the interior of the country,which are home to millions of grazing animals. For another,there is Australia's long coastline,which is next to all the riches of the sea. 一方面，澳大利亚内陆有广阔的平原，那里是数以百万计食草动物的家；另一方面，它有很长的海岸线，拥有丰富的海洋资源。
① “For one thing,... For another,...”主要用来补充说明、列举两方面具体内容，整体是为前一句所提出的观点、态度、现象、做法等补充具体原因、事例或措施。
② 类似的表达还有：on the one hand... on the other hand...、to begin with/firstly... next...等。
【写作迁移】 　完成句子
① 一方面，他们想要孩子。另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
they'd love to have kids. On the other hand,they don't want to give up their freedom.
② 一方面，我坚信阅读能增加我们的知识。另一方面，当我们感到沮丧时，阅读帮助我们平静下来。
For one thing,I firmly believe that reading can increase our knowledge. ,reading helps us calm down when we feel upset.
应用文 话题：标志性风物【好词记忆】1. iconic features 标志性特征　　　　　　　　　2. an iconic tourist city 标志性的旅游城市3. iconic animals in China 中国的标志性动物　 4. a unique cultural atmosphere 独特的文化氛围5. iconic landmarks 标志性景观　　　 6. popular tourist destinations 热门旅游胜地7. modern skyscrapers 现代摩天大楼　 8. peak season 旅游旺季9. historic landmark 历史地标　　　 10. take one's breath away 令人惊叹【好句背诵】1. when it comes to... 谈到……When it comes to the iconic animals in China,the first thing that comes to my mind is definitely the giant panda. 当谈到中国的标志性动物时，我首先想到的肯定是大熊猫。2. 过去分词短语作状语Described as the lung of the city,the mountain is a perfect destination for visitors who want to experience the beauty of nature. 此山被誉为城市的绿肺，是游客体验自然之美的绝佳去处。3. wherever引导让步状语从句Moreover,the friendliness and warmth of the local people will make you feel at home wherever you go.此外，无论你走到哪里，当地人的友好和热情都会让你有宾至如归的感觉。4. 现在分词短语作状语Serving as ambassadors of peace,pandas have been sent to many countries,where they are always warmly welcomed. 作为和平使者，大熊猫被送到许多国家，所到之处，无不受到热烈欢迎。
读后续写 【修辞手法】暗喻(metaphor)：不用明显的比喻词，而是将某事物直接说成另一事物。1. a heart of stone 铁石心肠　　　　　　　　2. a bridge between two sides 双方之间的桥梁3. a mountain of problems 堆积如山的问题　 4. a storm of emotions 情感的风暴5. a sea of people 人山人海　　　 6. a cloud of doubt 一团疑云7. life is a journey 人生是一场旅行　　 8. hope is a light in the dark 希望是黑暗中的一束光9. kindness is a seed 善良是一粒种子 10. history is a mirror 历史是一面镜子
应用文(演讲稿：标志性景点)Iconic Attractions: Windows to Culture　　Iconic attractions are more than scenic spots; they carry a region's history and spirit. 1. .Take China's Great Wall for example. Stretching across vast landscapes,it was once a defensive barrier against invaders. Today,it attracts millions of visitors yearly,not only for its grandeur but also because it symbolizes the perseverance of the Chinese nation. Such is the magic of these sites—they connect past and present.As the saying goes,“To know a country,visit its icons.” 2. . It is our duty to cherish and preserve them for future generations. 1. 正是通过这些地标，我们才能更好地理解一个地方的文化2. 探索它们不仅拓宽我们的视野，还加深对多样性的尊重
读后续写(修辞手法：暗喻)3. 当她考试失利后感到迷茫时，奶奶拍着她的手说：“人生是一场旅行，(其间)不仅有崎岖的路，前方也有美丽的风景”，这话让她重新振作起来。When she felt lost after failing the exam,her grandma patted her hand and said,“ ”， which cheered her up.4. 他站在火车站，在人山人海中找他的朋友，直到看见她在人群里挥舞着红围巾。He stood at the train station, ,until he saw her waving a red scarf in the crowd.5. 当最好的朋友承诺帮她准备演讲，之后却不接她电话时，她心里升起一团疑云——忍不住怀疑朋友是不是改变主意了。When her best friend promised to help her prepare for the speech but then stopped answering her calls, —she couldn't help wondering if her friend had changed her mind.选择性必修　第四册
Unit 1　Science fiction
核心词汇
1. ① appointment; to pick　② Appointed　③ have a temporary appointment with
2. ① guilty　② Out of guilt, I apologized to my teacher and promised this would never happen again.
3. ① on/against　② was declared　③ to be/was
4. ① take on　② took down　③ take up
5. ① fall behind　② fall away　③ fell apart　④ falls on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar
6. ① urgent; urgency　② to make　③ The public urged that the government (should) take measures
一词多义
1．① 悬，挂　② 暂停，暂缓　③ 推迟　④ 使暂时停职(或停学等)
2. ① 解雇　② 不予考虑，对……不屑一提　③ 把(某人)打发走
3．① adj. (在品质上)更好的，占优势的　② n. 级别(或地位、职位)更高的人，上司　③ adj. 有优越感的，高傲的　④ adj. (在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
4．① 结果是　② 关掉，熄灭　③ 出席，在场　④ 生产，制造
重难句式
① held　② to be given　③ being discussed　④ some old maps borrowed from the library
实战演练
1. The reason why I enjoy it so much is that it allows me to escape into different worlds and explore the possibilities of the future/I enjoy it so much because it allows me to escape into different worlds and explore future possibilities
2. It has broadened my perspective on what the future might hold and inspired me to think creatively
3. In conclusion, science fiction is not only entertaining, but also meaningful and inspiring
4. she dashed to the backyard as fast as lightning
5. she became as happy as a lark, jumping up and down and clapping her hands
6. Mum was as busy as a bee
Unit 2　Iconic attractions
核心词汇
1. ① foundation　② founded　③ laid a solid foundation for his work
2. ① politician　② politics　③ political
3. ① entitled　② to
4. ① were sponsored　② has sponsored　③ sponsored
5. ① distribution　② distributor(s)　③ Distributed
6. ① violent　② violently　③ violence
一词多义
1. ① adj. 联合的，共同的　② n. 公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)　③ n. 关节
2. ① 短假　② (尤指犯罪后的)逃跑，逃走　③ 适合度假的地方
3. ① 会议　② —场，一节　③ 一段时间　④ (法庭的)开庭，开庭期
4．① vt. 使孵出　② vi. 孵化，孵出　③ vt. 策划，(尤指)密谋
重难句式
1. ① No matter when/Whenever he comes again　② no matter how/however hard it is　③ Whoever breaks the law
2. ① On the one hand　② For another
实战演练
1. It is through these landmarks that we can better understand a place's culture
2. Exploring them not only broadens our horizons but also deepens respect for diversity
3. Life is a journey where there are rough roads, but also beautiful views ahead
4. looking for his friend in a sea of people
5. a cloud of doubt rose in her heart/settled over her
Unit 3　Sea exploration
核心词汇
1. ① extended　② extension　③ extend my heartfelt thanks/gratitude to all the people
2. ① negotiating　② negotiable　③ negotiation　④ I will negotiate with their coach
3. ① withdrew　② withdrawal　③ from
4. ① handed down　② in hand　③ handed out　④ at hand
5. ① on　② merciful　③ at the mercy of many unexpected things
6. ① possessed; possession; possession　② possessions
③ possess the house; take/be in possession of; in the possession of
一词多义
1. ① 联赛，联合会　② 等级，水平
2. ① 渠道　② 方法，手段　③ 海峡　④ 水渠
3. ① 新闻报道　② 信息范围　③ 覆盖范围
4．① 利用　② 开发　③ 剥削
重难句式
① what is called　② what it used to be 10 years ago
实战演练
1. To arouse our interest in marine science and broaden our horizons
2. The ocean, covering over 70% of the Earth's surface, holds countless mysteries waiting to be explored
3. The lecture is particularly valuable because it not only highlights the importance of protecting marine ecosystems but also inspires us to care about the ocean's future
4. The moon hides behind clouds tonight
5. Opportunity knocks only for those who work hard and stay prepared
Unit 4　Sharing
核心词汇
1. ① a; privileged　② It is a privilege for me/I am privileged to
2. ① disabled　② disability　③ to treat the disabled with respect
3. ① making　② from　③ resignation　④ resign my position as chairman of the Students' Union
4. ① because everyone's ideas deserve consideration/considering/to be considered　② because everyone's ideas are worth considering　③ because everyone's ideas are worthy of consideration
5. ① take them for granted　② take it easy　③ Take your time　④ take it for granted that
6. ① consultation　② consultant　③ Don't consult/refer to a dictionary
一词多义
1. ① 药片　② 平板电脑　③ (固定于墙上作纪念的)牌，匾，碑
2. ① n. 阴凉处　② n. 阴影部分　③ vt. 把……涂暗
④ n. 灯罩　⑤ vt. 给……遮挡(光线)
3．① n. 塞子　② vt. 封堵　③ n. 插头
4. ① n. 合同，合约　② vt. 感染(疾病)　③ vt. 与……订立合同(或契约)　④ vt. (使)收缩
重难句式
① I noticed him sitting alone　② I found myself facing a difficult situation
实战演练
1. It is through sharing that we turn individual joys into double happiness and ease each other's sorrows
2. When sharing a book with a friend, you not only pass on knowledge but also start a meaningful conversation
3. As the old saying goes, “Shared joy is double joy; shared sorrow is half sorrow.”
4. Don't be discouraged when you face failure; Don't be proud when you face success
5. Behind every book is a man; behind the race
Unit 5　Launching your career
核心词汇
1. ① into　② off　③ in
2. ① accusing　② Accused　③ He was accused of cheating in the maths exam
3. ① priorities　② to　③ If a person places money prior to anything else
4. ① financial　② financially　③ be financed
5. ① acquiring　② to acquire　③ In order to acquire a better understanding of
一词多义
1. ① n. 弹性　② vi. 弹起　③ vi. 上下晃动
2. ① n. 简介，概述　② n. 形象　③ vt. 扼要介绍，概述，写简介
3．① vt. 突然看见，发现　② n. 密探，间谍　③ vi. 搜集情报
重难句式
1. ① talking　② sleeping　③ saying　④ waiting to see the famous actor
2. ① I wish I would live up to the expectations of my parents and teachers　② I wish I had followed my heart
实战演练
1. Illnesses always bring pains to us, but doctors can help us get rid of them
2. But I have faith in realizing my dream and overcoming all the difficulties
3. Though sometimes doctors may be misunderstood, they deserve to be respected
4. cry her eyes out in the dark cinema
5. ran the athlete like the wind
6. is highway robbery

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