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语法突破
专题一　名词、数词和主谓一致
名词
考点一　名词的数
1. afternoons　2. times　3. favourites/favorites　4. themes
5. treasures　6. interviews　7. Activities　8. chopsticks
9. seasons　10. causes　11. dishes
考点二　词性转换
1. guidance　2. strategic/strategical　3. central　4. absence
5. solution　6. engineering　7. richness　8. visibility
9. criticism　pletion　11. arrival　12. protection　13. development　14. curiosity　15. interest
考点三　名词所有格
1. people's　2. son's　3. hours'　4. country's　5. China's
主谓一致
1. tries　2. is　3. is　4. walks　5. were　6. were
7. means; is constructed　8. are
专题二　冠词与代词
冠词
1. the　2. a　3. the　4. the　5. a　6. the　7. A　8. the
9. the　10. a　11. the　12. a
代词
考点一　人称、物主、反身代词
1. myself　2. its　3. their　4. its　5. mine　6. them
考点二　不定代词
1. ones　2. neither　3. both　4. either
考点三　it的用法
1. it　2. it　3. it　4. It
专题三　形容词与副词
考点一　形容词
1. functional　2. tasty　3. confident　4. meaningful
5. daily　6. wealthy　7. traditional　8. energetic
考点二　副词
1. digitally　2. Basically　3. rarely　4. eventually
5. extremely　6. finally　7. Recently
考点三　形容词/副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1. largest　2. highest　3. higher　4. longer　5. loudest
6. worse
专题四　介词与连词
介词
考点二　其他常用介词
1. by　2. for　3. on/upon　4. as　5. to　6. by　7. for
8. for
考点三　介词短语
1. to　2. with　3. by　4. as　5. in　6. to　7. with　8. to
连词
考点一　连词的分类
1. and　2. and　3. and　4. or　5. and　6. or　7. and
8. and　9. but　10. and
专题五　动词的时态和语态
考点一　现在时
1. have started　2. has walked　3. suits　4. have been practising　5. have made
考点二　过去时
1. wished　2. addressed　3. was painted　4. touched　
5. had discovered　6. was driving
考点三　将来时
1. will be rewarded　2. will be refused　3. will be writing　4. will have saved
考点四　动词的语态
1. are revealed　2. was built　3. be offered　4. was amazed
5. were invited　6. had been trapped
专题六　非谓语动词
考点一　非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. closed　2. to walk　3. Learning　4. Travelling
考点二　非谓语动词作宾语
1. to present　2. returning　3. to bite　4. recording
5. spending　6. noting　7. looking
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. to be lifted　2. decorated　3. walking　4. recognizing
5. to stay
考点四　非谓语动词作状语
1. to give　2. to find　3. Recalling　4. to benefit
5. Having visited　6. planning　7. To strengthen
8. to plant　9. to promote　10. To enjoy
考点五　非谓语动词作定语
1. to discover　2. left　3. inspired　4. designed　5. visiting
6. to journey　7. held　8. fried　9. to retire　10. spent
专题七　名词性从句
考点一　主语从句
1. What　2. whether　3. how　4. whoever　5. Whatever
考点二　宾语从句
1. what　2. whether
考点三　表语从句
1. what　2. why　3. how　4. that　5. what
考点四　同位语从句
1. that　2. that　3. that
专题八　定语从句
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句
1. which　2. which　3. that/which　4. who　5. that/which
6. as　7. which/that　8. who　9. which　10. whose
11. who/that　12. which　13. which/that　14. who/that　15. that
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
1. where　2. where　3. where　4. when　5. where
6. when　7. where　8. where
专题九　并列句与状语从句
并列句
1. and　2. but/yet　3. or　4. but
状语从句
考点一　时间状语从句
1. When/As　2. until　3. As　4. before
考点二　地点状语从句
1. where　2. wherever
考点四　条件状语从句
1. unless　2. If
考点五　让步状语从句
1. although/though　2. However
考点六　目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1. so that　2. so　3. so that
专题十　虚拟语气与特殊句式
考点一　虚拟语气
1. wouldn't be　2. would have had　3. had　4. Were　
5. had told
考点二　倒装句
1. should　2. did　3. lies　4. came
考点三　强调句
1. that　2. that　3. that
考点四　省略句
1. feeding　2. so考点一　非谓语动词作主语和表语★★(8年5考)
1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和动词不定式
(1) 动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 勇敢面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最佳方法。
To complete the programme needs much effort. 要完成这个项目需要很多努力。
(2) it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。
It was no use sending him to a hospital. 送他去医院没有用。
It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期更新数字是很重要的。
2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和动词不定式。
My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是进入北京大学。
Please describe a dog that is frightening. 请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened. 请描述一只受惊的狗。
注意：get、become、look、seem、appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。
We shouldn't get discouraged right after failures. 我们不应该在失败后马上就气馁。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2024新Ⅰ)In cold weather,the structure stays (close) to protect the plants.
2. (2021甲)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometres.
3. (2019天津) (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
4. (2018北京) (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
考点二　非谓语动词作宾语★★★★(8年10考)
类型 示例
后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语) admit、advise、allow、dislike、appreciate、avoid、doubt、enjoy、envy、can't help、delay、escape、can't stand/bear、deny、excuse、consider、fancy、favour、mind、miss、figure、finish、oppose、pardon、resist、forgive、permit、imagine、postpone、risk、involve、practise、prevent、suggest、keep、quit、keep on、insist on、look forward to、feel like、get down to、object to、devote oneself to、be used to(习惯于)、set about、put off等。
后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语) attempt、afford、agree、aim、arrange、enable、choose、neglect、demand、long、mean、expect、appear、determine、manage、pretend、desire、wish、offer、beg、fail、plan、bother、care、happen(碰巧)、prepare、decide、learn、hesitate、claim、hope、promise、want、refuse、seek、refuse、threaten、would like等。
既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词(短语) forget、remember、stop、regret、go on、mean、start、begin、try等，但意义上有区别。
后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式 need、require、want作“需要”讲；deserve作“应受，应得”讲。
it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词 We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅰ)We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context,and initiate dialogues with minimalist art,conceptual art and expressionism.
2. (2025浙1)“I really want to make this work for people's lives today,and I know that doesn't always mean
(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.
3. (2023新Ⅰ)To eat one,you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
4. (2023乙)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered.
5. (2021甲)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
6. (2019Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.
7. (2018Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语补足语★★(8年5考)
1. 感官动词(短语)，如see、watch、observe、notice、hear、feel，后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表示主动和完成(被动句需补上不定式符号to)，doing表示主动或正在进行，done表示被动或完成。
The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 失踪的男孩最后被看见是在河边玩耍。
She was often heard to sing this song. 经常听见她唱这首歌。
2. 使役动词后面的宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make、leave、keep、have、get等。
(1) 宾语和宾语补足语之间表示主动关系的结构
make/have/let sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使得某人开始做某事(强调使/让……开始行动起来)
have/leave/keep...doing sth. 使……(持续)做某事/保持某种状态
(2) 宾语和宾语补足语之间表示被动关系的结构
make/get/have sth. done使/让某事被做
3. 常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise、allow、ask、beg、encourage、expect、forbid、force、get、intend、invite、like、order、persuade、prefer、require、teach、remind、tell、want等。
The patient was warned not to eat oily food. 病人被警告不要吃油腻的食物。
They encourage readers to use the library. 他们鼓励读者使用图书馆。
4. with复合结构
with eq \b\lc\{\rc\ ()
With everything done,I went home happily. 因为一切都做完了，我开心地回家了。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2023新Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside,the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
2. (2020Ⅱ)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
3. (2020新Ⅰ)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk) through a rainforest.
4. (2019江苏)China's image is improving steadily,with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.
5. (2018Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me (stay) and watch.
考点四　非谓语动词作状语★★★★(8年20考)
1. 动词不定式作状语
(1) 通常表示目的，相当于in order to或so as to，以示强调。
I saved every cent (in order) to buy a car. 为了买车，我存下每一分钱。
(2) 表示结果时常用于too...to、only to...、never to等结构中。
The boy is too young to dress himself. 这个男孩太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。
He hurried home only to find his money stolen. 他急忙赶回家，却发现自己的钱被偷了。
He left his hometown in 1938, never to be heard from again. 他于1938年离开家乡，之后再也没有他的消息。
(3) 可用在某些形容词的后面
I am overjoyed to hear the news. 听到这个消息我太高兴了。
They are sure to win the match. 他们一定会赢得这场比赛。
2. 分词作状语
分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式和结果等。
Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. (时间状语) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
Given more time,I can do the work better. (条件状语) 如果多给一点时间，我能做得更好。
Not knowing his address,I can't send this book to him. (原因状语) 由于不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
He put a finger in his mouth,tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.(伴随状语) 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。
注意：现在分词和only to do sth.都可以表示结果，但是现在分词作状语表示自然而然的结果，而only to do sth.表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)结果。
Her parents died, leaving her an orphan. 她父母双亡，留下她一个孤儿。
I ran all the way to the post office, only to find it closed. 我一路跑到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2024新Ⅰ)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2. (2024新Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers.
3. (2024新Ⅱ) (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
4. (2024浙1)However,if you're shopping for one,buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense.
5. (2023乙) (visit) several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
6. (2022甲)He flew 4，700 kilometres from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
7. (2022乙) (strengthen) the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
8. (2021浙江)Mary's sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over (plant) flowers in the front yard.
9. (2020天津)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection
(promote) economic growth.
10. (2019江苏) (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smartphones.
考点五　非谓语动词作定语★★★★(8年16考)
1. 动词不定式作定语
(1) 动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
将在会议上讨论的那个问题是非常重要的。
(2) 被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next、last、only和not a、the等限定词时，只能用动词不定式。
Mr Peterson is always the first person to arrive at the training centre.
皮特森先生总是第一个到达训练中心的人。
What is the best way to teach English 什么是教英语的最好方法？
(3) 动词不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等的抽象名词，如ability、movement、effort、need、failure、opportunity、chance、courage、intention、reason、decision、method、determination、wish、time(时间)、promise、way等。
He has the ability to do the work. 他有能力做这项工作。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
2. 分词作定语
(1) 现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义。
The child standing over there is my brother. 站在那儿的小孩是我弟弟。
The frightened child stood still there. 那个吓坏了的小孩站在那里一动不动。
(2) 现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示状态或完成。
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
A broken cup is lying on the ground. 地上有一只破碎的杯子。
动词不定式的被动式强调的是一个即将要发生的被动动作；现在分词的被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作；过去分词表示发生在过去的被动动作。
The building to be built next year will be a hotel. 明年即将要建造的大楼将会是一个宾馆。
The building being built now will be a hotel. 正在建造的大楼将会是一个宾馆。
The building built last year is a hotel. 去年建造的这座大楼是一个宾馆。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅱ)Growing up,my family and our neighbours never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
2. (2025新Ⅱ)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day,well,you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
3. (2024新Ⅱ)Two years later,a six-metre-tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,was built at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
4. (2024浙1)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
(design) with two halves containing separate portions(份)．
5. (2023新Ⅱ)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.
6. (2022甲)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an,as a first step
(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
7. (2022甲)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
8. (2020Ⅰ)I like eating (fry) tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook.
9. (2019Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans
(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10. (2017北京)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.

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