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语法突破
专题一　名词、数词和主谓一致
名词
考点一　名词的数
1. afternoons　2. times　3. favourites/favorites　4. themes
5. treasures　6. interviews　7. Activities　8. chopsticks
9. seasons　10. causes　11. dishes
考点二　词性转换
1. guidance　2. strategic/strategical　3. central　4. absence
5. solution　6. engineering　7. richness　8. visibility
9. criticism　pletion　11. arrival　12. protection　13. development　14. curiosity　15. interest
考点三　名词所有格
1. people's　2. son's　3. hours'　4. country's　5. China's
主谓一致
1. tries　2. is　3. is　4. walks　5. were　6. were
7. means; is constructed　8. are
专题二　冠词与代词
冠词
1. the　2. a　3. the　4. the　5. a　6. the　7. A　8. the
9. the　10. a　11. the　12. a
代词
考点一　人称、物主、反身代词
1. myself　2. its　3. their　4. its　5. mine　6. them
考点二　不定代词
1. ones　2. neither　3. both　4. either
考点三　it的用法
1. it　2. it　3. it　4. It
专题三　形容词与副词
考点一　形容词
1. functional　2. tasty　3. confident　4. meaningful
5. daily　6. wealthy　7. traditional　8. energetic
考点二　副词
1. digitally　2. Basically　3. rarely　4. eventually
5. extremely　6. finally　7. Recently
考点三　形容词/副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1. largest　2. highest　3. higher　4. longer　5. loudest
6. worse
专题四　介词与连词
介词
考点二　其他常用介词
1. by　2. for　3. on/upon　4. as　5. to　6. by　7. for
8. for
考点三　介词短语
1. to　2. with　3. by　4. as　5. in　6. to　7. with　8. to
连词
考点一　连词的分类
1. and　2. and　3. and　4. or　5. and　6. or　7. and
8. and　9. but　10. and
专题五　动词的时态和语态
考点一　现在时
1. have started　2. has walked　3. suits　4. have been practising　5. have made
考点二　过去时
1. wished　2. addressed　3. was painted　4. touched　
5. had discovered　6. was driving
考点三　将来时
1. will be rewarded　2. will be refused　3. will be writing　4. will have saved
考点四　动词的语态
1. are revealed　2. was built　3. be offered　4. was amazed
5. were invited　6. had been trapped
专题六　非谓语动词
考点一　非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. closed　2. to walk　3. Learning　4. Travelling
考点二　非谓语动词作宾语
1. to present　2. returning　3. to bite　4. recording
5. spending　6. noting　7. looking
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. to be lifted　2. decorated　3. walking　4. recognizing
5. to stay
考点四　非谓语动词作状语
1. to give　2. to find　3. Recalling　4. to benefit
5. Having visited　6. planning　7. To strengthen
8. to plant　9. to promote　10. To enjoy
考点五　非谓语动词作定语
1. to discover　2. left　3. inspired　4. designed　5. visiting
6. to journey　7. held　8. fried　9. to retire　10. spent
专题七　名词性从句
考点一　主语从句
1. What　2. whether　3. how　4. whoever　5. Whatever
考点二　宾语从句
1. what　2. whether
考点三　表语从句
1. what　2. why　3. how　4. that　5. what
考点四　同位语从句
1. that　2. that　3. that
专题八　定语从句
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句
1. which　2. which　3. that/which　4. who　5. that/which
6. as　7. which/that　8. who　9. which　10. whose
11. who/that　12. which　13. which/that　14. who/that　15. that
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
1. where　2. where　3. where　4. when　5. where
6. when　7. where　8. where
专题九　并列句与状语从句
并列句
1. and　2. but/yet　3. or　4. but
状语从句
考点一　时间状语从句
1. When/As　2. until　3. As　4. before
考点二　地点状语从句
1. where　2. wherever
考点四　条件状语从句
1. unless　2. If
考点五　让步状语从句
1. although/though　2. However
考点六　目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1. so that　2. so　3. so that
专题十　虚拟语气与特殊句式
考点一　虚拟语气
1. wouldn't be　2. would have had　3. had　4. Were　
5. had told
考点二　倒装句
1. should　2. did　3. lies　4. came
考点三　强调句
1. that　2. that　3. that
考点四　省略句
1. feeding　2. so考点一　主语从句★(8年1考)
主语从句是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而真正的主语从句放在句子末尾。
引导词 作用和含义 示例
that 起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，没有具体意义，但不可以省略 That you don't like him is none of my business.
whether 起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，意为“是否” Whether the sports meet will be put off is still under discussion.
when/where/why/how 在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，分别表示“什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎样” How it was done was a mystery.
what/which/who(m)/whose 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 What she couldn't understand was why her students disliked her. (what作宾语)What puzzled him was that none of his classmates was in the classroom. (what作主语)
whatever/whoever/whichever 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，分别表示“任何事物、……的任何人、……的那个(些)” Whoever leaves the room last must turn off the lights.
【特别提醒】
1. it作形式主语
(1) 主语从句作主语往往比较长，所以有时为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放到句末。主语从句作主语，句子谓语用单数形式。
(2) 用it作形式主语的句型有：
① It is＋名词＋主语从句
It is a fact/a pity/no wonder that从句 事实是……/遗憾的是……/难怪……
② It is＋形容词＋主语从句
It is natural/strange/important/clear that从句 ……是自然的/奇怪的/重要的/清楚的
③ It＋不及物动词＋主语从句
It seems/happens/appears/turns out that从句 似乎/碰巧/似乎/结果是……
④ It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句
It is reported/said/believed/proved that从句 据报道/据说/人们认为/被证实……
2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is important/necessary/vital that从句和It is suggested/required/requested/demanded that从句中，主语从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2021新Ⅰ)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song The Long and Winding Road. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2. (2020江苏)It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
3. (2018浙江)Many Westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize cheap it can be to eat out.
4. (2017北京)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
5. (2016北京)Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
考点二　宾语从句★(8年1考)
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
引导词 作用和含义 示例
that 起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，没有具体意义，一般可以省略 He wrote me a letter,saying that he would pay a visit to China next week.Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams.
if/whether 起连接作用，不在从句中作成分，意为“是否” I wonder if/whether you could spare me a few minutes.
when/where/why/how 在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，分别表示“什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么样” I don't know when the meeting will be held.Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
what/which/who(m)/whose 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.
whatever/whoever/whichever 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，分别表示“任何事物、……的任何人、……的那个(些)” Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
1. 宾语从句中不能省略that的几种情况
(1) and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外，后面从句中的that不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
He said (that) he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand.
(2) 动词think、make、feel、consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句。
We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day.
They consider it their duty that they should keep the classroom clean all the time.
(3) 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语或者状语从句时，that不能省略。
We decided,considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
He said that even if it rained,he would be able to come.
2. 否定前移：在think、believe、suppose、expect等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。
I don't suppose he cares about my health,does he 我想他不在意我的健康，是吗？
3. 引导词whether和if的选用
二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用whether而不能用if。
(1) 用if表示“是否”容易产生歧义时
Please let me know whether you need help. 请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请告诉我。/请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
(2) 在作介词宾语时
It depends on whether the building can be completed in time. 那要看大楼是否能及时竣工。
(3) 与or not直接连用时
I don't care whether or not he finished the task. 我不在乎他是否完成了任务。
(4) 后加不定式时
Tom doesn't know whether to go there. 汤姆不知道是否去那里。
4. that从句作介词的宾语时常用的结构
(1) in/except/but＋that从句
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在了读书上。
He is a good student except that he is a little bit lazy.
他是个好学生，就是有点懒。
(2) 其他介词＋it＋that从句
You may depend on it that I will help you.
你要相信我会帮助你的。
Will you see to it that this letter get mailed today
你能保证这封信今天寄出吗？
5. 形容词后接宾语从句
We are not sure whether we can persuade him out of smoking.
我们不确定我们是否能说服他不吸烟。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2020天津)The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said.
2. (2017天津)She asked me I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn't.
考点三　表语从句★(8年2考)
在复合句中放在系动词之后作表语的从句称为表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be、look、remain、seem等。
引导词 作用和含义 示例
that 起连接作用，在句中不作成分，没有具体意义，一般不可以省略 The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus. But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
whether/because 起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，分别表示“是否”和“由于，因为” The question is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time.I failed in the exam. It is because I hadn't prepared for it.
when/where/why/how 在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，分别表示“什么时候、什么地方、为什么、怎么样” The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
what/which/who(m)/whose 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语 See the flags on top of the building That was what we did this morning. (what作宾语)The output is now six times what it was twenty years ago.(what作表语)
1. reason后的表语从句要用that引导，不用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他不理解我。
2. 一般不用if引导表语从句，而用whether。
The problem is whether we can get there on time. 问题是我们是否能按时到达那里。
3. where可表示抽象意义，表示“……的地方”。
A harmonious community is where neighbours support each other,share kindness,and nurture dreams together. 和谐的社区是邻里互相支持、分享善意、共同培育梦想的地方。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2024浙1)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that's they'll promote.
2. (2023新Ⅱ)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer.
3. (2018江苏)By boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived.
4. (2016北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
5. (2014江苏)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame,Mum. I am you have made me.
考点四　同位语从句★(8年1考)
同位语从句用于对前面名词的内容做进一步的解释和说明。
1. 由从属连词that、whether引导，从属连词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分。that没有具体意义，whether意为“是否”。
My family now accepts the fact that I don't eat sugar or bread.
我的家人现在都接受了我不吃糖和面包这件事。
2. 由连接代词what、which、who等引导，连词代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
I have no idea what he is doing now. (what作宾语) 我不知道他现在在做什么。
The question who should do the work requires consideration. (who作主语) 谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
3. 由连接副词when、where、why、how等引导，连接副词在从句中可作时间、地点、原因、方式状语等。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our vacation. (where作地点状语)
我们还没有解决到什么地方去度假的问题。
The child helping the stray dog has no idea how that small act of kindness will inspire others to spread kindness. (how作方式状语) 那个帮助走失的狗的孩子并不知道，这个小小的善举将如何激励他人传递善意。
1. 后接同位语从句的名词有news、idea、fact、promise、hope、question、message、belief、possibility、chance、wish、thought、conclusion、evidence、doubt、suggestion、story、saying等。
The question who was to blame has not been settled.
谁该受责备的问题尚未解决。
2. 名词doubt后可跟同位语从句，若用于肯定句中，用whether引导；若用于否定句中，则用that引导。
There is some doubt whether they will come to help us. 他们是否能来帮助我们还不确定。
I have no doubt that he will win the game. 我相信他会赢得这场比赛。
3. 同位语从句在句中的位置
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词后面；有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分，而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。另外，同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容做进一步的解释和说明，而定语从句是对先行词进行修饰或限定。
The news came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed. (同位语从句，从句说明the news的具体内容) 在约下午两点有消息说会议将被推迟。
The news that you told us last night made us very happy. (定语从句，从句对the news进行限定)
昨晚你告诉我们的那个消息让我们很高兴。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2019Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2. (2018天津)The possibility there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
3. (2016天津)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.

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