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语法突破
专题一　名词、数词和主谓一致
名词
考点一　名词的数
1. afternoons　2. times　3. favourites/favorites　4. themes
5. treasures　6. interviews　7. Activities　8. chopsticks
9. seasons　10. causes　11. dishes
考点二　词性转换
1. guidance　2. strategic/strategical　3. central　4. absence
5. solution　6. engineering　7. richness　8. visibility
9. criticism　pletion　11. arrival　12. protection　13. development　14. curiosity　15. interest
考点三　名词所有格
1. people's　2. son's　3. hours'　4. country's　5. China's
主谓一致
1. tries　2. is　3. is　4. walks　5. were　6. were
7. means; is constructed　8. are
专题二　冠词与代词
冠词
1. the　2. a　3. the　4. the　5. a　6. the　7. A　8. the
9. the　10. a　11. the　12. a
代词
考点一　人称、物主、反身代词
1. myself　2. its　3. their　4. its　5. mine　6. them
考点二　不定代词
1. ones　2. neither　3. both　4. either
考点三　it的用法
1. it　2. it　3. it　4. It
专题三　形容词与副词
考点一　形容词
1. functional　2. tasty　3. confident　4. meaningful
5. daily　6. wealthy　7. traditional　8. energetic
考点二　副词
1. digitally　2. Basically　3. rarely　4. eventually
5. extremely　6. finally　7. Recently
考点三　形容词/副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1. largest　2. highest　3. higher　4. longer　5. loudest
6. worse
专题四　介词与连词
介词
考点二　其他常用介词
1. by　2. for　3. on/upon　4. as　5. to　6. by　7. for
8. for
考点三　介词短语
1. to　2. with　3. by　4. as　5. in　6. to　7. with　8. to
连词
考点一　连词的分类
1. and　2. and　3. and　4. or　5. and　6. or　7. and
8. and　9. but　10. and
专题五　动词的时态和语态
考点一　现在时
1. have started　2. has walked　3. suits　4. have been practising　5. have made
考点二　过去时
1. wished　2. addressed　3. was painted　4. touched　
5. had discovered　6. was driving
考点三　将来时
1. will be rewarded　2. will be refused　3. will be writing　4. will have saved
考点四　动词的语态
1. are revealed　2. was built　3. be offered　4. was amazed
5. were invited　6. had been trapped
专题六　非谓语动词
考点一　非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. closed　2. to walk　3. Learning　4. Travelling
考点二　非谓语动词作宾语
1. to present　2. returning　3. to bite　4. recording
5. spending　6. noting　7. looking
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. to be lifted　2. decorated　3. walking　4. recognizing
5. to stay
考点四　非谓语动词作状语
1. to give　2. to find　3. Recalling　4. to benefit
5. Having visited　6. planning　7. To strengthen
8. to plant　9. to promote　10. To enjoy
考点五　非谓语动词作定语
1. to discover　2. left　3. inspired　4. designed　5. visiting
6. to journey　7. held　8. fried　9. to retire　10. spent
专题七　名词性从句
考点一　主语从句
1. What　2. whether　3. how　4. whoever　5. Whatever
考点二　宾语从句
1. what　2. whether
考点三　表语从句
1. what　2. why　3. how　4. that　5. what
考点四　同位语从句
1. that　2. that　3. that
专题八　定语从句
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句
1. which　2. which　3. that/which　4. who　5. that/which
6. as　7. which/that　8. who　9. which　10. whose
11. who/that　12. which　13. which/that　14. who/that　15. that
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
1. where　2. where　3. where　4. when　5. where
6. when　7. where　8. where
专题九　并列句与状语从句
并列句
1. and　2. but/yet　3. or　4. but
状语从句
考点一　时间状语从句
1. When/As　2. until　3. As　4. before
考点二　地点状语从句
1. where　2. wherever
考点四　条件状语从句
1. unless　2. If
考点五　让步状语从句
1. although/though　2. However
考点六　目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1. so that　2. so　3. so that
专题十　虚拟语气与特殊句式
考点一　虚拟语气
1. wouldn't be　2. would have had　3. had　4. Were　
5. had told
考点二　倒装句
1. should　2. did　3. lies　4. came
考点三　强调句
1. that　2. that　3. that
考点四　省略句
1. feeding　2. so在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句由关系词引导。关系词分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose、as等)和关系副词(when、where、why)两类。关系词既起着连接从句和主句的作用，又代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的语法成分，如主语、宾语、定语和状语等。
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句★★★★(8年14考)
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
that 人或物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
1. that既可指物，相当于which，又可指人，相当于who(主语或宾语)/whom(宾语)，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
He's the man that/who lives next door to us. (作主语，指人)
他就是住在我们隔壁的人。
This is the place (that/which) he can live in. (作宾语，指物)
这是一个他能居住的地方。
注意：当that作宾语且介词提到其前面时，不用that，指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom。
This is the place in which he can live. 这是一个他能居住的地方。
2. which用于限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句中，指物或主句的(部分)内容，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时常可省略，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略。
He likes to read books which/that are written by foreign writers. (作主语，指物)
他喜欢看外国作家写的书。
Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry. (作主语，指代句子)
汤姆回来迟了，这使得他的父母很生气。
注意：在限制性定语从句中，which可用that代替。
关系代词that与which的用法区别
1. 只用that不用which的情况
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all、much、little、something、everything、anything、nothing、none、the one等时。
Do you have anything (that) you want to say for yourself 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？
(2) 当先行词被the only、the very、any、few、little、no、all等词修饰时。
The only thing (that) we can do is give you some money. 我们能做的唯一一件事就是给你一些钱。
(3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting film (that) I've ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
(4) 当先行词是序数词或先行词的前面有序数词修饰时。
What is the first American film (that) you have seen 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？
(5) 当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the persons and things (that) they are talking about 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
(6) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭的那个女孩是谁？
Which is the bike (that) you lost 哪一辆自行车是你丢的？
(7) 当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be. 玛丽不再是她过去的样子了。
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1) which可引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句的部分内容，that则不能。
He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry. (指代前面整个句子)
他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。
(2) 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。
This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。
3. who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. (作主语)
想去博物馆的人必须在明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。
The man (who/that/whom) you met just now is my brother.(作宾语)
你刚刚遇到的那个人是我哥哥。
注意：在限制性定语从句中who作主语时，可用that代替；作宾语时，可用that或whom代替。
Do you know the girl who/that lives in the house 你认识住在这所房子里的那个女孩吗？
4. whom指人，是who的宾格，在定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语。
The girl (who/that/whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor. (作动词宾语)
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
The man with whom she was travelling was her boyfriend. (作介词宾语)
和她一起旅行的那个人是她的男朋友。
注意：
(1) 在限制性定语从句中whom作宾语时，可用that或who代替。
(2) who/whom/that在从句中作动词宾语时，常可省略。
The boy (who/whom/that) I mentioned is his son. 我提到的那个男孩是他的儿子。
(3) 在限制性定语从句中，介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom。
The engineer with whom my father works is about 50 years old.
和我父亲一起工作的那个工程师大约50岁。
5. whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。
This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country. (指人)
这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。
He lives in a room whose window faces north. (指物) 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
注意：whose通常可用“the＋n.＋of which或of which＋the＋n.”替换，以上句子可以替换成：
He lives in a room, the window of which/of which the window faces north.
6. 关系代词as引导的定语从句
(1) as引导限制性定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，既可以指人，也可以指物，常用于the same...as、such...as、so...as等结构中。
He is such a man as is always ready to help others. (作主语，指人)
他是这样一个总是乐于帮助别人的人。
They have never read so many books as I read last year. (作宾语，指物)
他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那么多书。
注意：
① the same...as表示相似或同类的东西；the same...that表示同一人或物。
This is the same book as he lent me last week. 这与上周他借给我的那本书完全一样。
This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这是上周他借给我的那本书。
② such/so...as(定语从句)意为“像……那样……”等，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；such/so...that(结果状语从句)意为“如此……以至于”，that在从句中不作成分。
The old man is so hard-working a gardener as quite a few gardens want to hire as a full-time worker. (定语从句) 那位老人是一个非常努力工作的园丁，好几家园林都想雇他做一个全职工人。
The old man is so hard-working a gardener/such a hard-working gardener that quite a few gardens want to hire him as a full-time worker. (状语从句)
那位老人是一个如此努力工作的园丁以至于好几家园林都想雇他做一个全职工人。
(2) as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，正像”，修饰整个主句或主句的部分内容，可以放在句首、句中或句末。后面的谓语动词多用see、know、expect、say、mention、report等。
He came back home late, as we expected. 正如我们所料，他回家晚了。
As we know/As is known to us all,he is reliable. 众所周知，他值得信赖。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅰ)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4，000 years ago.
2. (2025浙1)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing,
she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers,such as those headed to weddings abroad,with a longer-term rental period.
3. (2024新Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route
brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
4. (2024新Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”， add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare's hometown.
5. (2024浙1)Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
6. (2023甲)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
7. (2023乙)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
8. (2022甲)On the 1，100-kilometre journey,the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
9. (2020江苏)Many lessons are now available online,from students can choose for free.
10. (2020天津)Dr Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.
11. (2019Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters had great experience in caring for these animals.　
12. (2019Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,
she opened with her late husband Les.
13. (2018江苏)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project calls for a clear road map and timetable.　
14. (2018浙江)Many Westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
15. (2017北京)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句★(8年3考)
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。关系副词在意义上常常相当于“介词＋which”结构。
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词通常为time、hour、day、age、period、festival、occasion等表示时间的名词，when相当于“at/on/in/during＋which”。
He will always remember the day when(＝on which) his father returned from America.
他将永远记得他父亲从美国回来的那一天。
Graduation is a significant occasion when(＝on which) we celebrate years of hard work and embrace exciting new beginnings.
毕业是一个重要的时刻，此时我们庆祝多年的辛勤付出并拥抱激动人心的新起点。
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常为place、town、city、school、country、hospital等表示地点的名词；where也可指抽象的地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词通常为life、atmosphere、job、activity、case、point、situation、condition、stage、position等名词，where相当于“at/on/in＋which”。
Can you suggest a place where(＝in which) we can have our next seminar
你能提出一个可供我们下一次研讨会开会的场所吗？
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason，相当于for which。
I don't know the reason why(＝for which) he was absent today. 我不知道他今天为什么没来。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025新Ⅱ)Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family,
bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range,and central heating doesn't exist.
2. (2023甲)There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings.
3. (2020Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
4. (2019江苏)We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
5. (2019天津)Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
6. (2019Ⅰ)One afternoon I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
7. (2018Ⅰ)They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
8. (2018江苏)Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

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