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语法突破
专题一　名词、数词和主谓一致
名词
考点一　名词的数
1. afternoons　2. times　3. favourites/favorites　4. themes
5. treasures　6. interviews　7. Activities　8. chopsticks
9. seasons　10. causes　11. dishes
考点二　词性转换
1. guidance　2. strategic/strategical　3. central　4. absence
5. solution　6. engineering　7. richness　8. visibility
9. criticism　pletion　11. arrival　12. protection　13. development　14. curiosity　15. interest
考点三　名词所有格
1. people's　2. son's　3. hours'　4. country's　5. China's
主谓一致
1. tries　2. is　3. is　4. walks　5. were　6. were
7. means; is constructed　8. are
专题二　冠词与代词
冠词
1. the　2. a　3. the　4. the　5. a　6. the　7. A　8. the
9. the　10. a　11. the　12. a
代词
考点一　人称、物主、反身代词
1. myself　2. its　3. their　4. its　5. mine　6. them
考点二　不定代词
1. ones　2. neither　3. both　4. either
考点三　it的用法
1. it　2. it　3. it　4. It
专题三　形容词与副词
考点一　形容词
1. functional　2. tasty　3. confident　4. meaningful
5. daily　6. wealthy　7. traditional　8. energetic
考点二　副词
1. digitally　2. Basically　3. rarely　4. eventually
5. extremely　6. finally　7. Recently
考点三　形容词/副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1. largest　2. highest　3. higher　4. longer　5. loudest
6. worse
专题四　介词与连词
介词
考点二　其他常用介词
1. by　2. for　3. on/upon　4. as　5. to　6. by　7. for
8. for
考点三　介词短语
1. to　2. with　3. by　4. as　5. in　6. to　7. with　8. to
连词
考点一　连词的分类
1. and　2. and　3. and　4. or　5. and　6. or　7. and
8. and　9. but　10. and
专题五　动词的时态和语态
考点一　现在时
1. have started　2. has walked　3. suits　4. have been practising　5. have made
考点二　过去时
1. wished　2. addressed　3. was painted　4. touched　
5. had discovered　6. was driving
考点三　将来时
1. will be rewarded　2. will be refused　3. will be writing　4. will have saved
考点四　动词的语态
1. are revealed　2. was built　3. be offered　4. was amazed
5. were invited　6. had been trapped
专题六　非谓语动词
考点一　非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. closed　2. to walk　3. Learning　4. Travelling
考点二　非谓语动词作宾语
1. to present　2. returning　3. to bite　4. recording
5. spending　6. noting　7. looking
考点三　非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. to be lifted　2. decorated　3. walking　4. recognizing
5. to stay
考点四　非谓语动词作状语
1. to give　2. to find　3. Recalling　4. to benefit
5. Having visited　6. planning　7. To strengthen
8. to plant　9. to promote　10. To enjoy
考点五　非谓语动词作定语
1. to discover　2. left　3. inspired　4. designed　5. visiting
6. to journey　7. held　8. fried　9. to retire　10. spent
专题七　名词性从句
考点一　主语从句
1. What　2. whether　3. how　4. whoever　5. Whatever
考点二　宾语从句
1. what　2. whether
考点三　表语从句
1. what　2. why　3. how　4. that　5. what
考点四　同位语从句
1. that　2. that　3. that
专题八　定语从句
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句
1. which　2. which　3. that/which　4. who　5. that/which
6. as　7. which/that　8. who　9. which　10. whose
11. who/that　12. which　13. which/that　14. who/that　15. that
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句
1. where　2. where　3. where　4. when　5. where
6. when　7. where　8. where
专题九　并列句与状语从句
并列句
1. and　2. but/yet　3. or　4. but
状语从句
考点一　时间状语从句
1. When/As　2. until　3. As　4. before
考点二　地点状语从句
1. where　2. wherever
考点四　条件状语从句
1. unless　2. If
考点五　让步状语从句
1. although/though　2. However
考点六　目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1. so that　2. so　3. so that
专题十　虚拟语气与特殊句式
考点一　虚拟语气
1. wouldn't be　2. would have had　3. had　4. Were　
5. had told
考点二　倒装句
1. should　2. did　3. lies　4. came
考点三　强调句
1. that　2. that　3. that
考点四　省略句
1. feeding　2. so★★★(8年9考)
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。
1. 基本用法
关系 连词 示例
表示并列、递进或顺承关系 and、both...and、neither...nor、not only...but (also)、not...but等 He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read.
表示转折、对比关系 but、while、yet、whereas等 It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north.
表示选择关系 either...or、or等 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
表示因果关系 for、so等 He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
2. 注意事项
(1) 主谓一致中的就近原则：neither...nor、not only...but also和not...but在连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的主语保持一致。
Neither you nor I am to blame. 你和我都不应该受责备。
(2) 倒装原则：not only...but also在连接并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的句子要用部分倒装。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅将帮助人们找工作，而且还将为有需要的人提供医疗服务。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2025浙1)Customers today look past the fact that something is second-hand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
2. (2023乙)It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn't work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
3. (2020新Ⅰ)They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died,and then it was given to a museum.
4. (2019Ⅱ)I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, because I want to.
★(8年1考)
考点一　时间状语从句★(8年1考)
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when、while、as、before、after、till、until、since、as soon as、the moment等。
1. when、while、as表示“当……时”
while表示段时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；when表示段时间或者点时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；as表时间，侧重强调主句、从句动作同时进行。
I looked after his sick mother when/while he was away. 他不在的时候我照顾他生病的母亲。
He hurried home,looking behind as he went. 他急忙回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。
2. before表示“在……以前”；after表示“在……之后”
Before I had a chance to speak to him,he had left. 我还没来得及和他说话，他已经走了。
3. until/till引导时间状语从句
(1) 若主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式；若主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式。
She didn't stop working until eleven o'clock. 她到11点钟才停止工作。
(2) not...until句型中的强调和倒装
It was not until the Second World War was over that he was able to go back to his work. (强调句)
Not until the Second World War was over was he able to go back to his work. (倒装句)
4. since引导时间状语从句
since意为“自……以来，从……以后”，引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，用一般过去时；主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者反复发生过的动作，常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
I have written home four times since I came here. 自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四次信了。
5. 表示“一……就……”
(1) as soon as、once
Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。
(2) 名词短语the moment、the minute、the instant等也可作连词用，引导时间状语从句。
The moment he reached the country,he started his search.
他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
(3) immediately、instantly、directly等引导时间状语从句。
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进了房间。
(4) 在no sooner...than...和hardly/scarcely...when...结构中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当no sooner、hardly、scarcely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.
＝ No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们一到车站，火车就离站了。
6. next time、every time、the first time、the last time、by the time 等引导时间状语从句
By the time you get back,I shall have finished it. 到你回来时我将已经把活做完了。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2020Ⅲ) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.
2. (2017北京)If you don't understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people
you figure it out.
3. (2016天津) the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.
4. (2015重庆)If you miss this chance,it may be years you get another one.
考点二　地点状语从句
1. 地点状语从句可用where、wherever、everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。
Everywhere they went,they were warmly welcomed. 他们无论去哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。
2. where引导的地点状语从句，有时表示抽象含义。
Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2017江苏)Located the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
2. (2013江苏)In the global economy,a new drug for cancer, it is discovered,will create many economic possibilities around the world.
考点三　原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because、as、since、now that、seeing that、in that、considering that等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。
1. because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。
I get very nervous because I'm using a lot of expensive equipment.
因为我正在使用很多昂贵的设备，所以我非常紧张。
2. seeing (that)(因为)、in that(因为)和considering (that)(考虑到)引导原因状语从句。
We are unique creatures in that we can remember the past and imagine the future.
我们是独一无二的动物，因为我们可以回忆过去、想象未来。
考点四　条件状语从句
1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if、unless、once、so/as long as、in case、on condition that、suppose/supposing、provided that、given that等。如果主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Unless the weather was bad,my father used to take a walk in the evening.
除非天气不好，我父亲过去常常在晚上散步。
Supposing (that) it rains,can we play the match indoors 假如下雨，我们可以在室内比赛吗？
You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat. 只要你穿大衣，就可以出去。
1. only if表示“只有……(才)”，位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Only if one studies hard can he master a foreign language. 一个人只有努力学习，才能掌握一门外语。
2. if only意为“要是……就好了”，常用于引导虚拟条件句。
If only he had come,he would have met you. 要是他来就好了，他就会遇见你了。
3. what if表示“要是……会怎么样呢？”what if后面常常接一般现在时。
What if the car breaks down 如果汽车抛锚了怎么办？
2. 条件状语从句的省略
如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句的谓语动词是be或包含be的某种形式，可将从句的主语和be一起省略。
If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think.
如果这本书读好了，它会给你很多思考的东西。
Unless (you are) invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
在会议上，如果不请你讲话，你就应保持沉默。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2019天津)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion he wants their support.
2. (2018北京) we don't stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
考点五　让步状语从句
1. although/though、even though/even if引导让步状语从句
注意：though可作副词，放在句首、句中或句尾，表示“不过，可是，然而”。
He said he would come; he didn't, though. 他说他会回来的，可是他没有来。
2. as引导让步状语从句
as/though引导的让步状语从句一般放在主句之前，用倒装语序，从句中的表语或状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.
＝Although/Though he is a child,he knows a lot.
尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。
3. “疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
Whatever(＝No matter what) you say,he won't believe you. 无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。
“疑问词＋ever”一类的词，可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter＋疑问词”，在引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词＋ever”。
Whoever passes here would stop to admire the scenery. (主语从句) 凡是路过的人，都要停下来欣赏这儿的风光。
No one is allowed to break the regulations whoever (＝no matter who) he is. (让步状语从句)
不允许任何人违反这些规定，无论他是谁。
4. while也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，相当于although/though，从句常置于主句前。
While all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post.
虽然他们都是有实力的候选人，但只有一个人会被选中担任这个职务。
【真题感悟】　单句语法填空
1. (2016北京)My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he's in his nineties.
2. (2013上海) serious a problem you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
考点六　目的状语从句和结果状语从句
1. 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that、in order that、for fear that、in case、lest等。
(1) so that和in order that引导的从句谓语常用情态动词；so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后，而in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后。
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我将说慢点以便你能理解我的意思。
(2) for fear that、in case和lest引导的从句可用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略；若不用虚拟语气，要用一般现在时或一般过去时。
The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father should see him.
男孩躲在树后生怕他的父亲看到他。
2. 结果状语从句
常用的引导词有so...that、such...that、so that等。从句都要放在主句之后。
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Despite the difficulties,he remained so determined that he eventually overcame all the obstacles.
尽管困难重重，但他如此坚定，以至于最终克服了所有的障碍。
【真题感悟】　用so/so that填空
1. (2020江苏)They decide to have more workers for the project it won't be delayed.
2. (2019Ⅲ)On our way to the house,it was raining hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
3. (2018天津)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten.
考点七　方式状语从句
方式状语从句一般由as、as if、as though引导。
1. as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”。
Do as you are told to,or you'll be fired. 按照你被告知的方式去做，否则你会被解雇的。
2. as if和as though 引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；但如果从句中所陈述的情况是真实的或很可能发生，也可用陈述语气。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老妇人对待那个男孩就像是对待自己的孩子。
They look as if they know each other. 他们看起来好像彼此认识。
注意：如果as if/as though后的句子是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略“主语和系动词”，as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
He cleared his throat as if (he was) to say something. 他清了清嗓子，好像想说什么话似的。

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