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人教版九年级上册 Unit 3 Smart Learning
暑假/同步预习单 - 学生版（预习练习用）
姓名：______________ 班级：______________ 日期：______________
① 知识梳理
A. 核心词汇
1. ______________ n.能力；才能
词形变换：复数 __________________；形容词形式 ________（有能力的）；反义词 ____________（无能力的）
搭配：have the ______________ to do sth. 有能力做某事；show one's ______________ 展示某人的能力；develop one's ______________ 发展某人的能力
例句：Everyone has the ______________ to learn, but not everyone realizes it.
2. ____________ adj.积极的；主动的
词形变换：副词 ________________（积极地）；名词 ________________（活动）；反义词 ________________（不活跃的）
搭配：____________ learner 主动学习者；be ____________ in 积极参与；an ____________ part 积极的作用
例句：An ____________ learner practises English all the time and never waits to be pushed.
3. __________________ n.优势；有利条件
词形变换：复数 ____________________；反义词 ________________________（劣势；不利条件）
搭配：take __________________ of 利用；have an __________________ over 比……有优势；to one's __________________ 对某人有利
例句：Take __________________ of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
4. ______________ v.相信；认为
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 ________________；现在分词 __________________；名词 ____________（信念；信仰）
搭配：______________ in oneself 相信自己；______________ that... 认为……
例句：Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to ______________ in yourself.
5. __________________ n./v.挑战；质疑
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 ____________________；现在分词/形容词 ______________________（具有挑战性的）
搭配：meet a __________________ 迎接挑战；take on a __________________ 接受挑战；a ______________________ task 一项具有挑战性的任务
例句：People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, and they are not afraid of __________________.
6. __________________ adj.自信的；有信心的
词形变换：名词 ____________________（信心；自信）；副词 ______________________（自信地）
搭配：be __________________ about 对……有信心；have ____________________ in 对……有信心；build ____________________ 建立信心
例句：A friend told me that I should have ____________________ in myself when giving a speech.
7. ______________ v.连接；联系
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 __________________；现在分词 ____________________；名词 ____________________（联系；关系）
搭配：______________...with... 把……和……联系起来；be __________________ to 与……相连；make a ____________________ 建立联系
例句：By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can ______________ physics with something in real life.
8. __________________ adj.高效的；有效率的
词形变换：副词 ______________________（高效地）；名词 ____________________（效率）；反义词 ______________________（低效的）
搭配：learn ______________________ 高效地学习；an __________________ method 高效的方法；improve ____________________ 提高效率
例句：Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and ______________________.
9. ________________ n.反馈；反馈意见
词形变换：不可数名词，无复数形式；相关词 ________（喂养；供给）
搭配：give ________________ 给予反馈；receive/get ________________ 收到反馈；important ________________ 重要的反馈
例句：A teacher or coach can show us the right way to practise and give us important ________________.
10. ________________ n.指导；引导
词形变换：动词形式 __________（指导；引导）；名词 __________（指南；向导）
搭配：under sb.'s ________________ 在某人的指导下；give ________________ 给予指导；provide ________________ 提供指导
例句：It is also important to get ________________ from a teacher or a coach.
11. __________ n.习惯
词形变换：复数 ____________；形容词 ________________（习惯性的）
搭配：develop/form a __________ 养成习惯；a good/bad __________ 好习惯/坏习惯；learning ____________ 学习习惯
例句：Successful learners see learning as a __________ of daily life.
12. ____________ n.方法；办法
词形变换：复数 ______________；形容词 ____________________（有条理的）
搭配：learning ____________ 学习方法；an effective ____________ 有效的方法；teaching ____________ 教学方法
例句：There are a lot of learning ______________, but you need to know which suits you.
13. ______________ n.心态；思维方式
词形变换：复合词 ________（思维）+ ________（设定）
搭配：growth ______________ 成长型心态；fixed ______________ 固定型心态；change one's ______________ 改变心态
例句：The first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth ______________.
14. ____________ v./n.复习；回顾；评论
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 ________________；现在分词 __________________；名词 ________________（评论员）
搭配：____________ lessons 复习功课；____________ key ideas 复习要点；under ____________ 在审查中
例句：I study by __________________ my notes. I think it helps me remember better.
15. ________________ n.策略；战略
词形变换：复数 ____________________；形容词 __________________（战略的）
搭配：learning ________________ 学习策略；an effective ________________ 有效的策略；develop a ________________ 制定策略
例句：Discuss ways of learning actively and express opinions on learning ____________________.
16. ______________ v.成功
词形变换：名词 ______________（成功）；形容词 ____________________（成功的）；副词 ________________________（成功地）；反义词 ________（失败）
搭配：______________ in doing sth. 成功做某事；a ____________________ learner 成功的学习者
例句：If you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will ______________.
17. __________________ v.总结；概括
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 ____________________；现在分词 ______________________；名词 ______________（总结；摘要）
搭配：__________________ the key points 总结要点；in ______________ 总而言之；write a ______________ 写摘要
例句：Hua Luogeng suggested that learners should read and take notes carefully, then __________________ the key points.
18. ____________________ n.技术
词形变换：形容词 __________________________（技术的）；副词 ______________________________（技术上地）
搭配：new ____________________ 新技术；information ____________________ 信息技术；____________________ and resources 技术与资源
例句：In the 21st century, this means using new ____________________ and resources, not just textbooks.
19. ________ adj.明智的；聪明的
词形变换：比较级 __________；最高级 ____________；副词 ____________（明智地）；名词 ____________（智慧）
搭配：a ________ choice 明智的选择；choose ____________ 明智地选择；words of ____________ 智慧之语
例句：Think carefully and choose ____________ what and how you study.
20. ____________________ n.实验；试验
词形变换：动词 ____________________（做实验）；名词 ________________________（实验者）；形容词 ________________________（实验的）
搭配：do/perform an ____________________ 做实验；hands-on ____________________ 动手实验；a scientific ____________________ 科学实验
例句：By doing hands-on ______________________, Peter finds that he can connect physics with real life.
B. 核心词组
1. ____________________ 记笔记（take可换为write/make）
例句：Fu Xing ______________________ a lot and tests herself on the key points.
2. ________________________ 一步一步地；循序渐进地（副词短语，修饰动词）
例句：You just have to take things ________________________. Start simple and build up.
3. ____________________________ 成长型心态（固定搭配，心理学概念）
例句：Studies show that the first key is to have a ____________________________.
4. ____________________ 灰心；泄气（否定形式更常见：never lose heart）
例句：Never ____________________. The road ahead may be long, but it also has great treasure.
5. __________________________________ 把……和……联系起来（也可用connect...to...表示连接到）
例句：By doing experiments, Peter finds that he can ______________ physics ________ something in real life.
6. __________________________________ 利用（后接名词或动名词）
例句：__________________________________ the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
7. ____________________ 也；还；和（连接并列成分，强调前者）
例句：Teaching others is a good method to learn actively ____________________ a way to get a deeper understanding.
8. ______________________ 此外；另外（副词短语，常用于句首，后加逗号）
例句：______________________, studies show that students learn more when they study with others.
9. ________________ 逐步建立；逐渐增强（短语动词，可拆开使用）
例句：Start simple and ________________. You don't need to do everything at once.
10. ________________ 思维导图（可数名词，create/use a mind map）
例句：I create __________________ to organize information and review key ideas.
C. 语法要点
(一) ________ Object Clause
★ 定义：宾语从句就是在句子中充当宾语的从句，通常放在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。本单元的核心是三种引导词：________、____________________ 和 ________（what/who/where/when/how/why等）。
★ 引导词1：________ 引导的宾语从句
that 本身没有实际意义，在口语和非正式书面语中可以省略
常见主句动词：think, believe, hope, say, know, find, suggest, wonder
例：I believe ________ reading is important for learning.
例：Peter finds ____________ he can connect physics with something in real life.
★ 引导词2：____________________ 引导的宾语从句（意为「是否」）
if 和 whether 大多数情况下可以互换使用
只能用 ______________ 的情况（必记）：
① 与 or not 连用时：I wonder ______________ or not he will come.
② 介词后面：It depends on ______________ you work hard.
③ 不定式前：I'm not sure ______________ to go or stay.
例：I want to know ______________ he finished his homework or not.
★ 引导词3：________ 引导的宾语从句（what/who/where/when/how/why）
wh-词在从句中充当一定的成分，但从句一律用________
例：I don't know what ______________.（what做宾语，从句陈述语序）
例：Can you tell me where ____________________________ （where做状语，从句陈述语序）
例：I wonder how __________________ so fast.（how做方式状语）
(二) ________ 的时态呼应与易错点
★ 时态呼应规则：
① 主句是现在时态 → 从句用所需要的________
例：I think he went home yesterday.（主句现在时，从句过去时 ）
② 主句是过去时态 → 从句也要用______________
例：He said he was reading a book.（主句过去时，从句过去进行时 ）
③ 特例（必记）：客观真理、自然规律或格言 → 从句用__________，不受主句时态影响
例：The teacher told us that the earth ________ around the sun.
★ 易错点1：宾语从句必须用________，不能用疑问语序
I don't know what ________________________.
I don't know what ________________________.
★ 易错点2：think、believe等动词的________——否定词要放在主句
I think he isn't right.
I don't think he is right.
★ 易错点3：与 or not 连用时只能用 ______________，不能用 if
I wonder if or not he will come.
I wonder whether or not he will come.
★ 易错点4：宾语从句的时态要和主句呼应——主句过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态（________除外）
He said that the earth went around the sun.
He said that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理用一般现在时）
★ 易错点5：that 在口语中可省略，但在__________中建议保留；从句较长时，that不宜省略
② 基础闯关
A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词）
1. Everyone has the ___________（能力）to learn, but not everyone realizes it.
2. An ___________（积极的）learner practises English all the time.
3. Take ___________（利用）of the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
4. People with a growth mindset are not afraid of ___________（挑战）.
5. A friend told me that I should have ___________（信心）in myself.
6. It is also important to get ___________（指导）from a teacher or a coach.
7. Successful learners see learning as a ___________（习惯）of daily life.
8. There are a lot of learning ___________（方法）, but you need to know which suits you.
9. If you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will ___________（成功）.
10. In the 21st century, this means using new ___________（技术）and resources.
B. 单项选择
1. I believe ______ reading is important for learning English.
A. that B. what C. if D. which
2. — Could you tell me ______ the library is — It's next to the teaching building.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
3. I wonder ______ he has finished his homework or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
4. I don't think ______ he can pass the exam without studying hard.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
5. The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. travels C. has traveled D. will travel
6. She asked me ______ I was from.
A. that B. what C. where D. whether
7. I don't know ______ took my pen. Can you help me find it
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
8. He said that he ______ the book the day before.
A. reads B. read C. has read D. had read
9. Take advantage ______ the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
A. in B. on C. of D. at
10. If you take things step by step and never lose _______, you will succeed.
A. heart B. mind C. hope D. courage
③ 点拨培优
A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I believe that ______ (review) notes after class helps me remember better.
2. He wondered whether he ______ (can) learn maths on his own.
3. My mother tells me that ______ (read) opens up new worlds.
4. She suggested that we ______ (study) step by step.
5. I don't think that ______ (make) mistakes is a bad thing.
6. Could you tell me how ______ (improve) my reading speed
7. He asked if the exam ______ (be) easy.
8. I find that learning English ______ (be) not difficult if I find the right methods.
B. 句型转换
1. "I will come tomorrow," she told me. → She told me that ________________________.
2. When is the next test → Can you tell me ________________________
3. Why is it easy to forget a word → Could you tell me ________________________
4. Will it rain tomorrow → I wonder ________________________.
5. I think he is wrong.（改否定句）→ I ________________________ right.
6. "Where does he live " she asked. → She asked ________________________.
7. He asked, "Do you like English " → He asked ________________________.
8. The teacher told us. The earth goes around the sun.（合并为一句）→ The teacher told us ________________________.
④ 高分冲刺
A. 完形填空
Li Ming is a middle school student who used to struggle with English. He often wondered 1______ he could ever learn it well. One day, his teacher told him that the key to success was to have a growth 2______ and believe in himself.
At first, Li Ming didn't think that he had the 3______ to learn English well. But his teacher 4______ him to try new methods. She suggested that he 5______ notes carefully in class and review them after school. She also told him that taking advantage 6______ good learning materials was important.
Li Ming started to use flashcards and mind maps. He found that these tools helped him remember new words more 7______. He also began to connect new words with things in real life. In 8______, he started studying with his classmates, and they helped each other with difficult problems.
After a few months, Li Ming's English improved a lot. He learned that if you take things step by step and never lose 9______, you will succeed. He believes that everyone has the ability to learn well — you just need to find the right 10______ and keep going.
( ) 1. A. that B. whether C. what D. which
( ) 2. A. mindset B. habit C. method D. strategy
( ) 3. A. challenge B. guidance C. ability D. feedback
( ) 4.A. encouraged B. reviewed C. connected D. summarized
( ) 5. A. takes B. took C. take D. taking
( ) 6. A. in B. of C. for D. with
( ) 7. A. efficiently B. actively C. wisely D. confidently
( ) 8. A. addition B. fact C. part D. summary
( ) 9. A. courage B. heart C. habit D. mind
( ) 10. A. technology B. feedback C. method D. experiment
B. 阅读理解
Have you ever wondered why some students learn faster than others Scientists believe that the way you learn is just as important as how hard you work. Let's look at two different ways of learning and see which one works better.
The first way is called 'passive learning'. Passive learners usually just listen to the teacher and write down what the teacher says. They believe that if they spend enough time reading and re-reading their textbooks, they will remember everything. However, studies show that this method is not very efficient. Students who only re-read their notes often forget what they have learned after a short time.
The second way is called 'active learning'. Active learners do more than just listen. They take notes in their own words, ask questions in class, and connect new knowledge with what they already know. They also use tools like mind maps and flashcards to help them review. Studies show that active learners remember 50% more than passive learners after one week.
Professor Zhang, an expert in education, says, 'I believe that the best learners are those who have a growth mindset. They see mistakes as chances for learning, not as failures.' She also suggests that students should take advantage of new technology, such as learning apps, to make their study more efficient. In addition, she points out that getting guidance from teachers and studying with classmates can help a lot.
So, if you want to learn better, try to be an active learner. Remember: it's not about how many hours you spend — it's about how wisely you use your time. Step by step, you will build up your ability and succeed.
( )1. What is 'passive learning' according to the passage
A. Learning by doing experiments.
B. Learning by just listening and re-reading.
C. Learning by asking questions in class.
D. Learning by using mind maps.
( )2. How much more do active learners remember than passive learners after one week
A. 20% more.
B. 30% more.
C. 50% more.
D. 80% more.
( )3. What does Professor Zhang suggest students should do
A. Spend more time re-reading textbooks.
B. Avoid making any mistakes.
C. Take advantage of new technology and get guidance from teachers.
D. Study alone without any help.
( )4. What does the underlined phrase 'build up' in the last paragraph mean
A. To destroy something.
B. To gradually develop or increase something.
C. To give up something.
D. To forget something completely.
( )5. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Passive learning is better than active learning.
B. Only technology can help students learn well.
C. Active learning and a growth mindset can help you learn better.
D. Students should study for more hours every day.
⑤ 书面表达
书面表达
英语学习是初中阶段的重要科目。请以「How I Learn English」为题，分享你的英语学习经验。
内容包括：
1. 介绍你认为最好的英语学习方法；
2. 具体描述你使用的2-3种学习方法和做法；
3. 谈谈你在学习中遇到的困难及解决办法；
4. 适当使用宾语从句。
注意：
1. 词数80-100词；
2. 可以适当增加细节；
3. 开头和结尾已给出。
参考词汇（可选用）：believe active method review connect...with take advantage of step by step never lose heart
How I Learn English
I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I believe that if we never lose heart, we will find more joy in learning./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教版九年级上册 Unit 3 Smart Learning
暑假预习单 - 解析版（教师/家长用）
① 学习目标（内容提要）
掌握本单元20个核心词汇的词形变换、常用搭配及用法
掌握10个核心词组的意义、用法并能熟练运用
掌握宾语从句的三种引导词（that、if/whether、wh-词）及语序、时态规则
能运用宾语从句表达观点、询问信息
练习题（基础闯关--点拨培优--高分冲刺）
能运用所学词汇和句型完成关于“英语学习经验”的书面表达
② 核心词汇精讲
1. ability n.能力；才能
词形变换：复数 abilities；形容词形式 able（有能力的）；反义词 unable（无能力的）
搭配：have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事；show one's ability 展示某人的能力；develop one's ability 发展某人的能力
例句：Everyone has the ability to learn, but not everyone realizes it.
2. active adj.积极的；主动的
词形变换：副词 actively（积极地）；名词 activity（活动）；反义词 inactive（不活跃的）
搭配：active learner 主动学习者；be active in 积极参与；an active part 积极的作用
例句：An active learner practises English all the time and never waits to be pushed.
3. advantage n.优势；有利条件
词形变换：复数 advantages；反义词 disadvantage（劣势；不利条件）
搭配：take advantage of 利用；have an advantage over 比……有优势；to one's advantage 对某人有利
例句：Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
4. believe v.相信；认为
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 believed；现在分词 believing；名词 belief（信念；信仰）
搭配：believe in oneself 相信自己；believe that... 认为……
例句：Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to believe in yourself.
5. challenge n./v.挑战；质疑
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 challenged；现在分词/形容词 challenging（具有挑战性的）
搭配：meet a challenge 迎接挑战；take on a challenge 接受挑战；a challenging task 一项具有挑战性的任务
例句：People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, and they are not afraid of challenges.
6. confident adj.自信的；有信心的
词形变换：名词 confidence（信心；自信）；副词 confidently（自信地）
搭配：be confident about 对……有信心；have confidence in 对……有信心；build confidence 建立信心
例句：A friend told me that I should have confidence in myself when giving a speech.
7. connect v.连接；联系
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 connected；现在分词 connecting；名词 connection（联系；关系）
搭配：connect...with... 把……和……联系起来；be connected to 与……相连；make a connection 建立联系
例句：By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life.
8. efficient adj.高效的；有效率的
词形变换：副词 efficiently（高效地）；名词 efficiency（效率）；反义词 inefficient（低效的）
搭配：learn efficiently 高效地学习；an efficient method 高效的方法；improve efficiency 提高效率
例句：Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
9. feedback n.反馈；反馈意见
词形变换：不可数名词，无复数形式；相关词 feed（喂养；供给）
搭配：give feedback 给予反馈；receive/get feedback 收到反馈；important feedback 重要的反馈
例句：A teacher or coach can show us the right way to practise and give us important feedback.
10. guidance n.指导；引导
词形变换：动词形式 guide（指导；引导）；名词 guide（指南；向导）
搭配：under sb.'s guidance 在某人的指导下；give guidance 给予指导；provide guidance 提供指导
例句：It is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach.
11. habit n.习惯
词形变换：复数 habits；形容词 habitual（习惯性的）
搭配：develop/form a habit 养成习惯；a good/bad habit 好习惯/坏习惯；learning habits 学习习惯
例句：Successful learners see learning as a habit of daily life.
12. method n.方法；办法
词形变换：复数 methods；形容词 methodical（有条理的）
搭配：learning method 学习方法；an effective method 有效的方法；teaching method 教学方法
例句：There are a lot of learning methods, but you need to know which suits you.
13. mindset n.心态；思维方式
词形变换：复合词 mind（思维）+ set（设定）
搭配：growth mindset 成长型心态；fixed mindset 固定型心态；change one's mindset 改变心态
例句：The first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.
14. review v./n.复习；回顾；评论
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 reviewed；现在分词 reviewing；名词 reviewer（评论员）
搭配：review lessons 复习功课；review key ideas 复习要点；under review 在审查中
例句：I study by reviewing my notes. I think it helps me remember better.
15. strategy n.策略；战略
词形变换：复数 strategies；形容词 strategic（战略的）
搭配：learning strategy 学习策略；an effective strategy 有效的策略；develop a strategy 制定策略
例句：Discuss ways of learning actively and express opinions on learning strategies.
16. succeed v.成功
词形变换：名词 success（成功）；形容词 successful（成功的）；副词 successfully（成功地）；反义词 fail（失败）
搭配：succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事；a successful learner 成功的学习者
例句：If you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will succeed.
17. summarize v.总结；概括
词形变换：过去式/过去分词 summarized；现在分词 summarizing；名词 summary（总结；摘要）
搭配：summarize the key points 总结要点；in summary 总而言之；write a summary 写摘要
例句：Hua Luogeng suggested that learners should read and take notes carefully, then summarize the key points.
18. technology n.技术
词形变换：形容词 technological（技术的）；副词 technologically（技术上地）
搭配：new technology 新技术；information technology 信息技术；technology and resources 技术与资源
例句：In the 21st century, this means using new technology and resources, not just textbooks.
19. wise adj.明智的；聪明的
词形变换：比较级 wiser；最高级 wisest；副词 wisely（明智地）；名词 wisdom（智慧）
搭配：a wise choice 明智的选择；choose wisely 明智地选择；words of wisdom 智慧之语
例句：Think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study.
20. experiment n.实验；试验
词形变换：动词 experiment（做实验）；名词 experimenter（实验者）；形容词 experimental（实验的）
搭配：do/perform an experiment 做实验；hands-on experiment 动手实验；a scientific experiment 科学实验
例句：By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with real life.
③ 核心词组精讲
1. take notes 记笔记（take可换为write/make）
例句：Fu Xing takes notes a lot and tests herself on the key points.
2. step by step 一步一步地；循序渐进地（副词短语，修饰动词）
例句：You just have to take things step by step. Start simple and build up.
3. growth mindset 成长型心态（固定搭配，心理学概念）
例句：Studies show that the first key is to have a growth mindset.
4. lose heart 灰心；泄气（否定形式更常见：never lose heart）
例句：Never lose heart. The road ahead may be long, but it also has great treasure.
5. connect...with... 把……和……联系起来（也可用connect...to...表示连接到）
例句：By doing experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life.
6. take advantage of 利用（后接名词或动名词）
例句：Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
7. as well as 也；还；和（连接并列成分，强调前者）
例句：Teaching others is a good method to learn actively as well as a way to get a deeper understanding.
8. in addition 此外；另外（副词短语，常用于句首，后加逗号）
例句：In addition, studies show that students learn more when they study with others.
9. build up 逐步建立；逐渐增强（短语动词，可拆开使用）
例句：Start simple and build up. You don't need to do everything at once.
10. mind map 思维导图（可数名词，create/use a mind map）
例句：I create mind maps to organize information and review key ideas.
④ 语法精讲
(一) 宾语从句 Object Clause
★ 定义：宾语从句就是在句子中充当宾语的从句，通常放在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。本单元的核心是三种引导词：that、if/whether 和 wh-词（what/who/where/when/how/why等）。
★ 引导词1：that 引导的宾语从句
that 本身没有实际意义，在口语和非正式书面语中可以省略
常见主句动词：think, believe, hope, say, know, find, suggest, wonder
例：I believe that reading is important for learning.
例：Peter finds (that) he can connect physics with something in real life.
★ 引导词2：if/whether 引导的宾语从句（意为「是否」）
if 和 whether 大多数情况下可以互换使用
只能用 whether 的情况（必记）：
① 与 or not 连用时：I wonder whether or not he will come.
② 介词后面：It depends on whether you work hard.
③ 不定式前：I'm not sure whether to go or stay.
例：I want to know whether he finished his homework or not.
★ 引导词3：wh-词 引导的宾语从句（what/who/where/when/how/why）
wh-词在从句中充当一定的成分，但从句一律用陈述语序
例：I don't know what he said.（what做宾语，从句陈述语序）
例：Can you tell me where the library is （where做状语，从句陈述语序）
例：I wonder how he learns so fast.（how做方式状语）
(二) 宾语从句 的时态呼应与易错点
★ 时态呼应规则：
① 主句是现在时态 → 从句用所需要的任何时态
例：I think he went home yesterday.（主句现在时，从句过去时 ）
② 主句是过去时态 → 从句也要用过去相关的时态
例：He said he was reading a book.（主句过去时，从句过去进行时 ）
③ 特例（必记）：客观真理、自然规律或格言 → 从句用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响
例：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
★ 易错点1：宾语从句必须用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序
I don't know what is his style.
I don't know what his style is.
★ 易错点2：think、believe等动词的否定转移——否定词要放在主句
I think he isn't right.
I don't think he is right.
★ 易错点3：与 or not 连用时只能用 whether，不能用 if
I wonder if or not he will come.
I wonder whether or not he will come.
★ 易错点4：宾语从句的时态要和主句呼应——主句过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态（客观真理除外）
He said that the earth went around the sun.
He said that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理用一般现在时）
★ 易错点5：that 在口语中可省略，但在正式书面语中建议保留；从句较长时，that不宜省略
⑤ 基础闯关
A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词）
1. Everyone has the ___________（能力）to learn, but not everyone realizes it.
答案：ability
解析：have the ability to do 有能力做某事，ability为名词。
2. An ___________（积极的）learner practises English all the time.
答案：active
解析：active learner 主动学习者，active为形容词。
3. Take ___________（利用）of the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
答案：advantage
解析：take advantage of 利用，固定搭配。
4. People with a growth mindset are not afraid of ___________（挑战）.
答案：challenges
解析：challenge 复数形式challenges，与of搭配。
5. A friend told me that I should have ___________（信心）in myself.
答案：confidence
解析：have confidence in 对……有信心，confidence为名词。
6. It is also important to get ___________（指导）from a teacher or a coach.
答案：guidance
解析：get guidance from 从……获得指导，guidance为不可数名词。
7. Successful learners see learning as a ___________（习惯）of daily life.
答案：habit
解析：see learning as a habit 把学习看作习惯。
8. There are a lot of learning ___________（方法）, but you need to know which suits you.
答案：methods
解析：a lot of 后接复数名词methods。
9. If you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will ___________（成功）.
答案：succeed
解析：succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事，succeed为动词。
10. In the 21st century, this means using new ___________（技术）and resources.
答案：technology
解析：new technology 新技术，technology为不可数名词。
B. 单项选择
1. I believe ______ reading is important for learning English.
A. that B. what C. if D. which
答案：A
解析：从句reading is important是完整的陈述句，用that引导。
2. — Could you tell me ______ the library is — It's next to the teaching building.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
答案：B
解析：答语回答的是地点，所以用where引导，从句用陈述语序the library is。
3. I wonder ______ he has finished his homework or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
答案：C
解析：与or not连用时只能用whether，不能用if。
4. I don't think ______ he can pass the exam without studying hard.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
答案：A
解析：从句是完整的陈述句，用that引导；否定词don't已转移到主句。
5. The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. travels C. has traveled D. will travel
答案：B
解析：客观真理不受主句过去时影响，仍用一般现在时。
6. She asked me ______ I was from.
A. that B. what C. where D. whether
答案：C
解析：从句I was from缺少地点信息，用where引导。
7. I don't know ______ took my pen. Can you help me find it
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
答案：A
解析：从句缺少主语，用who引导，who在从句中做主语。
8. He said that he ______ the book the day before.
A. reads B. read C. has read D. had read
答案：D
解析：主句said是过去时，从句动作发生在said之前，应用过去完成时。
9. Take advantage ______ the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
A. in B. on C. of D. at
答案：C
解析：take advantage of 利用，固定搭配。
10. If you take things step by step and never lose _______, you will succeed.
A. heart B. mind C. hope D. courage
答案：A
解析：lose heart 灰心；泄气，固定搭配。
⑥ 点拨培优
A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I believe that ______ (review) notes after class helps me remember better.
答案：reviewing
解析：考查动名词做宾语从句主语。that从句中缺主语，review需变成动名词reviewing。
2. He wondered whether he ______ (can) learn maths on his own.
答案：could
解析：主句wondered是过去时，从句can要变成过去式could。
3. My mother tells me that ______ (read) opens up new worlds.
答案：reading
解析：动名词reading做宾语从句主语，表示阅读这件事。
4. She suggested that we ______ (study) step by step.
答案：(should) study
解析：suggest that sb. (should) do sth.，should可以省略，动词用原形。
5. I don't think that ______ (make) mistakes is a bad thing.
答案：making
解析：否定转移到主句don't think，从句中making mistakes做主语。
6. Could you tell me how ______ (improve) my reading speed
答案：to improve
解析：「疑问词+不定式」结构，how to improve相当于how I can improve。
7. He asked if the exam ______ (be) easy.
答案：was
解析：主句asked是过去时，从句is要变成过去式was。
8. I find that learning English ______ (be) not difficult if I find the right methods.
答案：is
解析：主句find是现在时，从句根据需要用一般现在时，learning English做主语视为单数。
B. 句型转换
1. "I will come tomorrow," she told me. → She told me that ________________________.
答案：she would come the next day / the following day.
解析：直接引语变间接引语：will→would，tomorrow→the next day，I→she。
2. When is the next test → Can you tell me ________________________
答案：when the next test is.
解析：when引导宾语从句，从句必须用陈述语序：the next test is。
3. Why is it easy to forget a word → Could you tell me ________________________
答案：why it is easy to forget a word.
解析：why引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序：it is easy to forget a word。
4. Will it rain tomorrow → I wonder ________________________.
答案：if/whether it will rain tomorrow.
解析：一般疑问句变宾语从句，用if或whether引导，从句用陈述语序。
5. I think he is wrong.（改否定句）→ I ________________________ right.
答案：don't think he is.
解析：think的否定要转移到主句，变成I don't think he is right。
6. "Where does he live " she asked. → She asked ________________________.
答案：where he lived.
解析：直接引语变间接引语：主句过去时，从句时态变为过去时，语序变为陈述语序。
7. He asked, "Do you like English " → He asked ________________________.
答案：if/whether I liked English.
解析：一般疑问句变宾语从句用if/whether引导，主句过去时从句也变过去时。
8. The teacher told us. The earth goes around the sun.（合并为一句）→ The teacher told us ________________________.
答案：that the earth goes around the sun
解析：客观真理不受主句过去时影响，从句仍用一般现在时。
⑦ 高分冲刺
A. 完形填空
Li Ming is a middle school student who used to struggle with English. He often wondered 1______ he could ever learn it well. One day, his teacher told him that the key to success was to have a growth 2______ and believe in himself.
At first, Li Ming didn't think that he had the 3______ to learn English well. But his teacher 4______ him to try new methods. She suggested that he 5______ notes carefully in class and review them after school. She also told him that taking advantage 6______ good learning materials was important.
Li Ming started to use flashcards and mind maps. He found that these tools helped him remember new words more 7______. He also began to connect new words with things in real life. In 8______, he started studying with his classmates, and they helped each other with difficult problems.
After a few months, Li Ming's English improved a lot. He learned that if you take things step by step and never lose 9______, you will succeed. He believes that everyone has the ability to learn well — you just need to find the right 10______ and keep going.
( ) 1. A. that B. whether C. what D. which
( ) 2. A. mindset B. habit C. method D. strategy
( ) 3. A. challenge B. guidance C. ability D. feedback
( ) 4.A. encouraged B. reviewed C. connected D. summarized
( ) 5. A. takes B. took C. take D. taking
( ) 6. A. in B. of C. for D. with
( ) 7. A. efficiently B. actively C. wisely D. confidently
( ) 8. A. addition B. fact C. part D. summary
( ) 9. A. courage B. heart C. habit D. mind
( ) 10. A. technology B. feedback C. method D. experiment
【答案与解析】
1. B whether 是否，wonder whether 想知道是否能，符合语境。
2. A mindset 心态，growth mindset 成长型心态，固定搭配。
3. C ability 能力，have the ability to do 有能力做某事，符合语境。
4. A encouraged 鼓励，encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事。
5. C suggest that sb. (should) do sth.，should省略，动词用原形take。
6. B take advantage of 利用，固定搭配，介词用of。
7. A efficiently 高效地，帮助更高效地记住新词，符合语境。
8. A in addition 此外，表示递进关系。
9. B lose heart 灰心泄气，never lose heart 永不灰心，固定搭配。
10. C method 方法，find the right method 找到正确的方法，符合语境。
B. 阅读理解
Have you ever wondered why some students learn faster than others Scientists believe that the way you learn is just as important as how hard you work. Let's look at two different ways of learning and see which one works better.
The first way is called 'passive learning'. Passive learners usually just listen to the teacher and write down what the teacher says. They believe that if they spend enough time reading and re-reading their textbooks, they will remember everything. However, studies show that this method is not very efficient. Students who only re-read their notes often forget what they have learned after a short time.
The second way is called 'active learning'. Active learners do more than just listen. They take notes in their own words, ask questions in class, and connect new knowledge with what they already know. They also use tools like mind maps and flashcards to help them review. Studies show that active learners remember 50% more than passive learners after one week.
Professor Zhang, an expert in education, says, 'I believe that the best learners are those who have a growth mindset. They see mistakes as chances for learning, not as failures.' She also suggests that students should take advantage of new technology, such as learning apps, to make their study more efficient. In addition, she points out that getting guidance from teachers and studying with classmates can help a lot.
So, if you want to learn better, try to be an active learner. Remember: it's not about how many hours you spend — it's about how wisely you use your time. Step by step, you will build up your ability and succeed.
( )1. What is 'passive learning' according to the passage
A. Learning by doing experiments.
B. Learning by just listening and re-reading.
C. Learning by asking questions in class.
D. Learning by using mind maps.
答案：B
解析：文章第二段指出 Passive learners usually just listen to the teacher and write down... spend enough time reading and re-reading。
( )2. How much more do active learners remember than passive learners after one week
A. 20% more.
B. 30% more.
C. 50% more.
D. 80% more.
答案：C
解析：文章第三段明确指出 active learners remember 50% more than passive learners after one week。
( )3. What does Professor Zhang suggest students should do
A. Spend more time re-reading textbooks.
B. Avoid making any mistakes.
C. Take advantage of new technology and get guidance from teachers.
D. Study alone without any help.
答案：C
解析：文章第四段指出 she suggests that students should take advantage of new technology... getting guidance from teachers。
( )4. What does the underlined phrase 'build up' in the last paragraph mean
A. To destroy something.
B. To gradually develop or increase something.
C. To give up something.
D. To forget something completely.
答案：B
解析：build up 逐步建立；逐渐增强，与gradually develop意思一致。
( )5. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Passive learning is better than active learning.
B. Only technology can help students learn well.
C. Active learning and a growth mindset can help you learn better.
D. Students should study for more hours every day.
答案：C
解析：文章对比两种学习方式，强调主动学习和成长型心态的重要性。
⑧ 书面表达
书面表达
英语学习是初中阶段的重要科目。请以「How I Learn English」为题，分享你的英语学习经验。
内容包括：
1. 介绍你认为最好的英语学习方法；
2. 具体描述你使用的2-3种学习方法和做法；
3. 谈谈你在学习中遇到的困难及解决办法；
4. 适当使用宾语从句。
注意：
1. 词数80-100词；
2. 可以适当增加细节；
3. 开头和结尾已给出。
参考词汇（可选用）：believe active method review connect...with take advantage of step by step never lose heart
How I Learn English
I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I believe that if we never lose heart, we will find more joy in learning.
【参考范文】
How I Learn English
I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods. Everyone has the ability to learn well, but many students don't realize this.
I think that the best way to learn English is to use it as much as possible. First, I take notes in every class and review them after school. Second, I read English books outside class. My mother always tells me that reading opens up new worlds. I start with simple books and build up gradually. Third, I practise speaking with my friends. I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning.
Sometimes I find it difficult to remember new words. I wonder if using flashcards can help. In fact, I have found that flashcards are useful because I can take them anywhere and review anytime.
I believe that if we never lose heart, we will find more joy in learning.
【写作要点分析】
1. 第一段用I believe that...开头，表明对学习的态度，自然引出宾语从句
2. 第二段用I think that...和First/Second/Third展开具体学习方法
3. 第三段用I wonder if...表达遇到的困难，I have found that...分享发现
4. 注意宾语从句的引导词选择：陈述句用that，一般疑问句用if/whether，特殊疑问句用wh-词

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