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人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 3 Smart Learning
知识清单（背诵版）
目录
一、核心词汇 3
二、核心词组 10
三、核心语法 12
（一）宾语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） 12
（二）语法练习题 16
四、单元书面表达总结 19
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 19
（二）高分词汇/词组积累 20
（三）参考范文 21
（四）写作模板（万能模板） 21
一、核心词汇
1. ability n.能力；才能
词形变换：复数 abilities；形容词形式 able（有能力的）；反义词 unable（无能力的）；副词 ably（能干地）
搭配：have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事；show one's ability 展示某人的能力；develop one's ability 发展某人的能力
Everyone has the ability to learn, but not everyone realizes it.
（每个人都有学习的能力，但并不是每个人都意识到这一点。）
2. active adj.积极的；主动的
词形变换：副词 actively（积极地）；名词 activity（活动）；反义词 inactive（不活跃的）
搭配：active learner 主动学习者；be active in 积极参与；an active part 积极的作用
An active learner practises English all the time and never waits to be pushed.
（主动学习者会一直练习英语，从不需要别人催促。）
3. advantage n.优势；有利条件
词形变换：复数 advantages；反义词 disadvantage（劣势；不利条件）；形容词 advantageous（有利的）
搭配：take advantage of 利用；have an advantage over 比……有优势；to one's advantage 对某人有利
Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
（利用最好的工具和资源，明智高效地学习。）
4. believe v.相信；认为
词形变换：三单 believes；过去式/过去分词 believed；现在分词 believing；名词 belief（信念；信仰）
搭配：believe in oneself 相信自己；believe that... 认为……
Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to believe in yourself.
（研究表明，成为成功学习者的第一个关键是相信自己。）
5. challenge n./v.挑战；质疑
词形变换：复数 challenges；过去式/过去分词 challenged；现在分词/形容词 challenging（具有挑战性的）
搭配：meet a challenge 迎接挑战；take on a challenge 接受挑战；a challenging task 一项具有挑战性的任务
People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, and they are not afraid of challenges.
（拥有成长型心态的人把错误看作学习的机会，他们不怕挑战。）
6. confident adj.自信的；有信心的
词形变换：比较级 more confident；最高级 most confident；名词 confidence（信心；自信）；副词 confidently（自信地）
搭配：be confident about 对……有信心；have confidence in 对……有信心；build confidence 建立信心
A friend told me that I should have confidence in myself when giving a speech.
（一位朋友告诉我，演讲时应该对自己有信心。）
7. connect v.连接；联系
词形变换：三单 connects；过去式/过去分词 connected；现在分词 connecting；名词 connection（联系；关系）
搭配：connect...with... 把……和……联系起来；be connected to 与……相连；make a connection 建立联系
By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life.
（通过动手做实验，彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。）
8. efficient adj.高效的；有效率的
词形变换：副词 efficiently（高效地）；名词 efficiency（效率）；反义词 inefficient（低效的）
搭配：learn efficiently 高效地学习；an efficient method 高效的方法；improve efficiency 提高效率
Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
（利用最好的工具和资源，明智高效地学习。）
9. feedback n.反馈；反馈意见
词形变换：不可数名词，无复数形式；相关词 feed（喂养；供给）
搭配：give feedback 给予反馈；receive/get feedback 收到反馈；important feedback 重要的反馈
A teacher or coach can show us the right way to practise and give us important feedback.
（老师或教练能给我们示范正确的练习方法，并给予重要的反馈。）
10. guidance n.指导；引导
词形变换：动词形式 guide（指导；引导）；名词 guide（指南；向导）
搭配：under sb.'s guidance 在某人的指导下；give guidance 给予指导；provide guidance 提供指导
It is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach.
（从老师或教练那里获得指导也很重要。）
11. habit n.习惯
词形变换：复数 habits；形容词 habitual（习惯性的）
搭配：develop/form a habit 养成习惯；a good/bad habit 好习惯/坏习惯；learning habits 学习习惯
Successful learners see learning as a habit of daily life.
（成功的学习者把学习看作日常生活的习惯。）
12. learner n.学习者
词形变换：动词形式 learn（学习）；名词 learning（学习；学问）
搭配：active learner 主动学习者；successful learner 成功的学习者；language learner 语言学习者
Anyone can become a successful learner if they find the right methods.
（如果找到正确的方法，任何人都可以成为成功的学习者。）
13. material n.材料；素材
词形变换：复数 materials；形容词 material（物质的；有形的）
搭配：learning materials 学习材料；reading materials 阅读材料；teaching materials 教学材料
Successful learners also use the best learning materials they can find.
（成功的学习者也会使用他们能找到的最好的学习材料。）
14. method n.方法；办法
词形变换：复数 methods；形容词 methodical（有条理的）
搭配：learning method 学习方法；an effective method 有效的方法；teaching method 教学方法
There are a lot of learning methods, but you need to know which suits you.
（有很多学习方法，但你需要知道哪种适合你。）
15. mindset n.心态；思维方式
词形变换：复合词 mind（思维）+ set（设定）；相关词 growth mindset（成长型心态）
搭配：growth mindset 成长型心态；fixed mindset 固定型心态；change one's mindset 改变心态
The first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset.
（成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型心态。）
16. review v./n.复习；回顾；评论
词形变换：三单 reviews；过去式/过去分词 reviewed；现在分词 reviewing；名词 reviewer（评论员）
搭配：review lessons 复习功课；review key ideas 复习要点；under review 在审查中
I study by reviewing my notes. I think it helps me remember better.
（我通过复习笔记来学习。我觉得这有助于更好地记忆。）
17. strategy n.策略；战略
词形变换：复数 strategies；形容词 strategic（战略的）
搭配：learning strategy 学习策略；an effective strategy 有效的策略；develop a strategy 制定策略
Discuss ways of learning actively and express opinions on learning strategies.
（讨论主动学习的方式，并对学习策略发表看法。）
18. succeed v.成功
词形变换：名词 success（成功）；形容词 successful（成功的）；副词 successfully（成功地）；反义词 fail（失败）
搭配：succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事；a successful learner 成功的学习者
If you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will succeed.
（如果你循序渐进、永不灰心，你一定会成功。）
19. summarize v.总结；概括
词形变换：三单 summarizes；过去式/过去分词 summarized；现在分词 summarizing；名词 summary（总结；摘要）
搭配：summarize the key points 总结要点；in summary 总而言之；write a summary 写摘要
Hua Luogeng suggested that learners should read and take notes carefully, then summarize the key points.
（华罗庚建议学习者应该仔细阅读和做笔记，然后总结要点。）
20. technology n.技术
词形变换：形容词 technological（技术的）；副词 technologically（技术上地）；名词 technician（技术人员）
搭配：new technology 新技术；information technology 信息技术；technology and resources 技术与资源
In the 21st century, this means using new technology and resources, not just textbooks.
（在21世纪，这意味着使用新技术和资源，而不仅仅是课本。）
21. treasure n.财富；珍宝
词形变换：复数 treasures；动词 treasure（珍惜；珍视）
搭配：great treasure 巨大的财富；national treasure 国宝；treasure hunt 寻宝
The road ahead may have many mountains and valleys, but it also has great treasure.
（前方的路可能有无数高山和低谷，但也有巨大的宝藏。）
22. wise adj.明智的；聪明的
词形变换：比较级 wiser；最高级 wisest；副词 wisely（明智地）；名词 wisdom（智慧）
搭配：a wise choice 明智的选择；choose wisely 明智地选择；words of wisdom 智慧之语
Think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study.
（仔细思考，明智地选择你学什么以及怎么学。）
23. aloud adv.出声地；大声地
词形变换：相关词 loud（大声的）；loudly（大声地）
搭配：read aloud 大声朗读；think aloud 自言自语；say aloud 大声说出
Reading aloud to practise speaking is a great way to improve your English.
（大声朗读练习口语是提高英语的好方法。）
24. experiment n.实验；试验
词形变换：动词 experiment（做实验）；名词 experimenter（实验者）；形容词 experimental（实验的）
搭配：do/perform an experiment 做实验；hands-on experiment 动手实验；a scientific experiment 科学实验
By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with real life.
（通过动手做实验，彼得发现他可以把物理与现实生活联系起来。）
25. examination n.考试；检查
词形变换：缩写 exam；动词 examine（检查；审查）；名词 examiner（考官）
搭配：take an examination 参加考试；pass/fail an examination 通过/未通过考试
Before taking the examination, you need to understand why you didn't do well last time.
（在参加考试之前，你需要弄清楚上次为什么没考好。）
二、核心词组
1. take notes 记笔记（take可换为write/make）
例句：Fu Xing takes notes a lot and tests herself on the key points.
（福星经常记笔记，并通过测试自己来检查要点。）
2. step by step 一步一步地；循序渐进地（副词短语，修饰动词）
例句：You just have to take things step by step. Start simple and build up.
（你只需要循序渐进。从简单的开始，逐步提高。）
3. growth mindset 成长型心态（固定搭配，心理学概念）
例句：Studies show that the first key is to have a growth mindset.
（研究表明第一个关键是拥有成长型心态。）
4. lose heart 灰心；泄气（否定形式更常见：never lose heart）
例句：Never lose heart. The road ahead may be long, but it also has great treasure.
（永不灰心。前方的路可能很长，但也有巨大的宝藏。）
5. connect...with... 把（也可用connect...to...表示连接到）
例句：By doing experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life.
（通过做实验，彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。）
6. take advantage of 利用（后接名词或动名词）
例句：Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
（利用最好的工具和资源，明智地学习。）
7. as well as 也；还；和（连接并列成分，强调前者）
例句：Teaching others is a good method to learn actively as well as a way to get a deeper understanding.
（教别人不仅是主动学习的好方法，也是深入理解的一种途径。）
8. in addition 此外；另外（副词短语，常用于句首，后加逗号）
例句：In addition, studies show that students learn more when they study with others.
（此外，研究表明学生与他人一起学习时能学到更多。）
9. work on 致力于；从事（后接名词或动名词）
例句：The learning app will find your weak points and work on them.
（这个学习应用会找到你的薄弱点，并针对它们进行练习。）
10. build up 逐步建立；逐渐增强（短语动词，可拆开使用）
例句：Start simple and build up. You don't need to do everything at once.
（从简单的开始，逐步提高。你不需要一次做所有的事。）
11. hang out with 与（非正式用语，口语常见）
例句：Students learn more when they hang out with other students who are serious about study.
（当学生和认真学习的同学在一起时，他们能学到更多。）
12. mind map 思维导图（可数名词，create/use a mind map）
例句：I create mind maps to organize information and review key ideas.
（我制作思维导图来整理信息和复习要点。）
13. flashcard 抽认卡；单词卡（可数名词，常用复数flashcards）
例句：Flashcards are useful because you can take them anywhere and review anytime.
（单词卡很有用，因为你可以随身携带，随时复习。）
14. in part 部分地；在某种程度上（副词短语，修饰整个句子或动词）
例句：This means, in part, believing in yourself and setting goals.
（这在某种程度上意味着相信自己并设定目标。）
三、核心语法
（一）宾语从句（单元重点，必考易错点）
1. 定义
宾语从句就是在句子中充当宾语的从句，通常放在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。简单来说，它就像一个「大宾语」——用一个完整的句子来代替一个词做宾语。本单元的核心是三种引导词：that、if/whether 和 wh-词（what/who/where/when/how/why等），它们各有分工，搞清楚谁负责什么，宾语从句就不难了。
2. 详细用法
（1）that 引导的宾语从句
★ 主句 + that + 宾语从句（陈述句语序：主语 + 谓语 + 其他）
that 本身没有实际意义，在口语和非正式书面语中可以省略。比如 I think (that) reading is important 这句话，有 that 没有 that 都行，意思不变。但要特别注意——宾语从句必须用陈述语序，也就是说，从句中主语在前、谓语在后，不能倒过来。很多同学一看到疑问词就习惯性地用疑问语序，这是最容易出错的地方。
常见主句动词（必记）：think（认为）、believe（相信）、hope（希望）、say（说）、know（知道）、find（发现）、suggest（建议）、wonder（想知道）
例句1：I believe (that) reading is important for learning.
（我相信阅读对学习很重要。）
例句2：Peter finds (that) he can connect physics with something in real life.
（彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。）
否定转移（易错点）
这里要特别留心——当主句动词是 think、believe、suppose 这些表示「认为、相信」的词时，否定形式要转移到主句上。也就是说，「否定主句，肯定从句」。翻译的时候要注意还原意思。为什么呢？因为英语习惯把否定的重心放在主句上，这样语义才更清晰。
例句1：I don't think (that) it's necessary to chase fashion.
（我认为没有必要追逐时尚。）——注意：不能说 I think that it's not necessary...
例句2：She doesn't believe (that) fashion is more important than comfort.
（她认为时尚不比舒适更重要。）
（2）if / whether 引导的宾语从句
★ 主句 + if/whether + 宾语从句（陈述语序，意为「是否」）
if 和 whether 都可以翻译成「是否」，在宾语从句中大多数情况下可以互换使用。但有几个场景只能用 whether，不能混用，咱们来捋一捋：
只能用 whether 的情况（必记）：
① 与 or not 连用时：I wonder whether or not he will come.（我想知道他是否会来。）
② 介词后面：It depends on whether you work hard.（这取决于你是否努力。）
③ 不定式前：I'm not sure whether to go or stay.（我不确定是走还是留。）
例句1：I wonder if/whether you could help me with this problem.
（我想知道你是否能帮我解决这个问题。）
例句2：I want to know whether he finished his homework or not.
（我想知道他是否完成了作业。）
（3）wh-词引导的宾语从句
★ 主句 + wh-词 + 宾语从句（陈述语序：主语 + 谓语）
wh-词包括 what、who、where、when、how、why 等，它们在从句中充当一定的成分——有的是主语，有的是宾语，有的是状语。关键还是要记住：宾语从句一律用陈述语序！wh-词虽然看起来像疑问词，但到了从句里，后面就要按照「主语+谓语」的顺序走，不能再倒装。
常见wh-词及其功能：
what——什么（做主语或宾语）：I don't know what he said.（我不知道他说了什么。）
who——谁（做主语或宾语）：I don't know who took my pen.（我不知道谁拿了我的笔。）
where——哪里（做地点状语）：Can you tell me where the library is （你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗？）
when——什么时候（做时间状语）：Could you tell me when the next test is （你能告诉我下次考试是什么时候吗？）
how——怎样（做方式状语）：I wonder how he learns so fast.（我想知道他怎么学得这么快。）
why——为什么（做原因状语）：Could you tell me why it is easy to forget a word （你能告诉我为什么容易忘记单词吗？）
（4）宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句的时态要和主句保持协调，就像两个人对话要对上频道一样。具体规则是：
主句是现在时态（一般现在/现在完成/一般将来）→ 从句用所需要的任何时态。
比如 I think he went home yesterday.（我认为他昨天回家了。）
——主句是现在时，从句根据需要用了过去时，没问题。
主句是过去时态 → 从句也要用过去相关的时态。
比如 He said he was reading a book.（他说他正在读书。）
——主句过去时，从句也要变成过去进行时。
特例（必记）：如果从句说的是客观真理、自然规律或格言，不管主句什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
比如 The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。）——地球绕太阳是客观事实，不受主句过去时的影响。
3. 易错点总结（必记）
易错点1：宾语从句必须用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
I don't know what is his style.
I don't know what his style is.
易错点2：think、believe 等动词的否定转移——否定词要放在主句，不能放在从句。
I think he isn't right.
I don't think he is right.
易错点3：与 or not 连用时只能用 whether，不能用 if。
I wonder if or not he will come.
I wonder whether or not he will come.
易错点4：宾语从句的时态要和主句呼应——主句过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态（客观真理除外）。
He said that the earth went around the sun.
He said that the earth goes around the sun.
易错点5：that 在口语和非正式书面语中可省略，但在正式书面语中建议保留；当从句较长时，that 不宜省略。
（二）语法练习题
A. 单项选择
1. I believe ______ reading is important for learning English.
A. that B. what C. if D. which
2. — Could you tell me ______ the library is — It's next to the teaching building.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
3. I wonder ______ he has finished his homework or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
4. I don't think ______ he can pass the exam without studying hard.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
5. The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. travels C. has traveled D. will travel
6. She asked me ______ I was from.
A. that B. what C. where D. whether
7. I don't know ______ took my pen. Can you help me find it
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
8. He said that he ______ the book the day before.
A. reads B. read C. has read D. had read
【答案与解析】
(1) that 考查that引导宾语从句。从句reading is important是完整的陈述句，用that引导。故选A。
(2) where 考查wh-词引导宾语从句。答语回答的是地点，所以用where引导。注意从句用陈述语序the library is。故选B。
(3) whether 考查whether与if的区别。与or not连用时只能用whether，不能用if。故选C。
(4) that 考查否定转移和that引导宾语从句。从句是完整的陈述句，用that引导；否定词don't已转移到主句。故选A。
(5) travels 考查宾语从句的时态呼应。虽然主句是过去时told，但从句说的是客观真理，不受主句时态影响，仍用一般现在时。故选B。
(6) where 考查wh-词引导宾语从句。从句I was from缺少地点信息，用where引导。故选C。
(7) who 考查who引导宾语从句。从句缺少主语，用who引导，who在从句中做主语。故选A。
(8) had read 考查宾语从句时态呼应。主句said是过去时，从句动作发生在said之前，即「过去的过去」，应用过去完成时。故选D。
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I believe that ______ (review) notes after class helps me remember better.
2. He wondered whether he ______ (can) learn maths on his own.
3. My mother tells me that ______ (read) opens up new worlds.
4. She suggested that we ______ (study) step by step.
5. I don't think that ______ (make) mistakes is a bad thing.
6. Could you tell me how ______ (improve) my reading speed
7. He asked if the exam ______ (be) easy.
8. I find that learning English ______ (be) not difficult if I find the right methods.
【答案与解析】
(1) reviewing 考查动名词做宾语从句主语。that从句中缺主语，review需变成动名词reviewing才能做主语。
(2) could 考查宾语从句时态呼应。主句wondered是过去时，从句can要变成过去式could。
(3) reading 考查动名词做宾语从句主语。that从句中reading做主语，表示阅读这件事。
(4) should study / study 考查suggest后的宾语从句。suggest that sb. (should) do sth.，should可以省略，动词用原形。
(5) making 考查否定转移和动名词做主语。否定转移到主句don't think，从句中making mistakes做主语。
(6) to improve 考查「疑问词+不定式」结构。how to improve在宾语从句中相当于how I can improve的简化形式。
(7) was 考查宾语从句时态呼应。主句asked是过去时，从句is要变成过去式was。
(8) is 考查宾语从句的时态。主句find是现在时，从句根据需要用一般现在时，learning English做主语视为单数。
C. 句型转换
1. "I will come tomorrow," she told me. → She told me that ________________________.
2. When is the next test → Can you tell me ________________________
3. Why is it easy to forget a word → Could you tell me ________________________
4. Will it rain tomorrow → I wonder ________________________.
5. I think he is wrong.（改否定句）→ I ________________________ right.
【答案与解析】
(1) she would come the next day / the following day 考查直接引语变间接引语。主句told是过去时，will要变成would，tomorrow变成the next day；人称I变成she。
(2) when the next test is 考查疑问句变宾语从句。when引导宾语从句，从句必须用陈述语序：the next test is，不能写成is the next test。
(3) why it is easy to forget a word 考查why引导的宾语从句。从句用陈述语序：it is easy to forget a word，why放在句首引导。
(4) if/whether it will rain tomorrow 考查一般疑问句变宾语从句。用if或whether引导，从句用陈述语序：it will rain tomorrow。
(5) don't think he is 考查否定转移。think的否定要转移到主句，变成I don't think he is right，从句保持肯定形式。
四、单元书面表达总结
写作主题：My Learning Habits / How I Learn English
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式）
第一段（开头，1-2句）：总起引入
功能：引出话题，表明自己对学习的态度。
核心句式：① I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods. ② Everyone has the ability to learn well. ③ As a student, I have developed some good learning habits over the years.
第二段（中间1，3-4句）：具体学习方法
功能：详细描述自己使用的2-3种学习方法，这是文章的主体。
核心句式：① I think that the best way to learn English is to use it as much as possible. ② First, I take notes in every class and review them after school. ③ Second, I read English books outside class. ④ Third, I practise speaking with my friends.
第三段（中间2，2-3句）：学习感悟或困难应对
功能：谈谈学习中的困难或感悟，体现成长型思维。
核心句式：① I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning. ② Sometimes I find it difficult to remember new words, but I use flashcards to help me. ③ I have found that if you take things step by step, you will make progress.
第四段（结尾，1-2句）：总结建议
功能：总结观点，给出建议，升华主题。
核心句式：① My advice is to find methods that suit your level and keep going! ② I believe that if we never lose heart, we will find more joy in learning. ③ In a word, learning is a lifelong journey, and we should enjoy it.
（二）高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换：
基础词 高分替换词 含义 例句
--- --- --- ---
good effective / efficient 有效的/高效的 an effective method
important crucial / essential 至关重要的 It is crucial to review regularly.
difficult challenging 有挑战性的 a challenging task
try attempt / make an effort 尝试/努力 I attempt to read English novels.
use take advantage of / make use of 利用 Take advantage of learning apps.
help guidance / support 指导/支持 I get guidance from my teacher.
want aim to / be determined to 旨在/决心 I aim to improve my reading speed.
remember memorize / keep in mind 记忆/牢记 I memorize key points after class.
高分词组：
① take advantage of 利用
② step by step 循序渐进
③ growth mindset 成长型心态
④ see mistakes as chances 把错误看作机会
⑤ never lose heart 永不灰心
⑥ build up gradually 逐步提高
⑦ find methods that suit one's level 找到适合自己的方法
⑧ make progress 取得进步
⑨ a lifelong journey 终身之旅
⑩ learn from each other 互相学习
（三）参考范文
How I Learn English
I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods. Everyone has the ability to learn well, but many students don't realize this.
I think that the best way to learn English is to use it as much as possible. First, I take notes in every class and review them after school. Second, I read English books outside class. My mother always tells me that reading opens up new worlds. I start with simple books and build up gradually. Third, I practise speaking with my friends. I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning.
Sometimes I find it difficult to remember new words. I wonder if using flashcards can help. In fact, I have found that flashcards are useful because I can take them anywhere and review anytime.
I have found that if you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will make progress. My advice is to find methods that suit your level and keep going!
（四）写作模板（万能模板）
My Learning Habits
I believe that learning ________(学科) is not difficult if you find the right methods. Everyone has the ability to learn well, but many students don't realize this.
I think that the best way to learn ________(学科) is to ________(方法1). First, I ________(具体做法1). Second, I ________(具体做法2). My ________(家人/老师) always tells me that ________(他人建议). Third, I ________(具体做法3). I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning.
Sometimes I find it difficult to ________(困难). I wonder if ________(可能的解决办法) can help. In fact, I have found that ________(发现的规律/方法).
I have found that if you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will make progress. My advice is to ________(总结建议)!/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 3 Smart Learning
知识清单（默写版）
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心词组 9
三、核心语法 11
（一）宾语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） 11
（二）语法练习题 15
四、单元书面表达总结 16
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 16
（二）高分词汇/词组积累 17
（三）参考范文 18
（四）写作模板（万能模板） 19
一、核心词汇
1. ability n.能力；才能
词形变换：复数 _______________；形容词形式 _______________（有能力的）；反义词 _______________（无能力的）；副词 _______________（能干地）
搭配：have the _______________ to do sth. 有能力做某事；show one's _______________ 展示某人的能力；develop one's _______________ 发展某人的能力
Everyone has the _______________ to learn, but not everyone realizes it.
（每个人都有学习的能力，但并不是每个人都意识到这一点。）
2. active adj.积极的；主动的
词形变换：副词 _______________（积极地）；名词 _______________（活动）；反义词 _______________（不活跃的）
搭配：_______________ learner 主动学习者；be _______________ in 积极参与；an _______________ part 积极的作用
An _______________ learner practises English all the time and never waits to be pushed.
（主动学习者会一直练习英语，从不需要别人催促。）
3. advantage n.优势；有利条件
词形变换：复数 _______________；反义词 _______________（劣势；不利条件）；形容词 _______________（有利的）
搭配：take _______________ of 利用；have an _______________ over 比……有优势；to one's _______________ 对某人有利
Take _______________ of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
（利用最好的工具和资源，明智高效地学习。）
4. believe v.相信；认为
词形变换：三单 _______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________；名词 _______________（信念；信仰）
搭配：_______________ in oneself 相信自己；_______________ that... 认为……
Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to _______________ in yourself.
（研究表明，成为成功学习者的第一个关键是相信自己。）
5. challenge n./v.挑战；质疑
词形变换：复数 _______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词/形容词 _______________（具有挑战性的）
搭配：meet a _______________ 迎接挑战；take on a _______________ 接受挑战；a challenging task 一项具有挑战性的任务
People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, and they are not afraid of _______________.
（拥有成长型心态的人把错误看作学习的机会，他们不怕挑战。）
6. confident adj.自信的；有信心的
词形变换：比较级 _______________ confident；最高级 _______________ confident；名词 _______________（信心；自信）；副词 _______________（自信地）
搭配：be _______________ about 对……有信心；have confidence in 对……有信心；build confidence 建立信心
A friend told me that I should have in myself when giving a speech.
（一位朋友告诉我，演讲时应该对自己有信心。）
7. connect v.连接；联系
词形变换：三单 _______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________；名词 _______________（联系；关系）
搭配：_______________...with... 把……和……联系起来；be _______________ to 与……相连；make a _______________ 建立联系
By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can _______________ physics with something in real life.
（通过动手做实验，彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。）
8. efficient adj.高效的；有效率的
词形变换：副词 _______________（高效地）；名词 _______________（效率）；反义词 _______________（低效的）
搭配：learn _______________ 高效地学习；an _______________ method 高效的方法；improve efficiency 提高效率
Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and _______________.
（利用最好的工具和资源，明智高效地学习。）
9. feedback n.反馈；反馈意见
词形变换：不可数名词，无复数形式；相关词 _______________（喂养；供给）
搭配：give _______________ 给予反馈；receive/get _______________ 收到反馈；important _______________ 重要的反馈
A teacher or coach can show us the right way to practise and give us important _______________.
（老师或教练能给我们示范正确的练习方法，并给予重要的反馈。）
guidance n.指导；引导
词形变换：动词形式 _______________（指导；引导）；名词 _______________（指南；向导）
搭配：under sb.'s _______________ 在某人的指导下；give _______________ 给予指导；provide _______________ 提供指导
It is also important to get _______________ from a teacher or a coach.
（从老师或教练那里获得指导也很重要。）
11. habit n.习惯
词形变换：复数 _______________；形容词 _______________（习惯性的）
搭配：develop/form a _______________ 养成习惯；a good/bad _______________ 好习惯/坏习惯；learning _______________ 学习习惯
Successful learners see learning as a _______________ of daily life.
（成功的学习者把学习看作日常生活的习惯。）
12. learner n.学习者
词形变换：动词形式 _______________（学习）；名词 _______________（学习；学问）
搭配：active _______________ 主动学习者；successful _______________ 成功的学习者；language _______________ 语言学习者
Anyone can become a successful _______________ if they find the right methods.
（如果找到正确的方法，任何人都可以成为成功的学习者。）
13. material n.材料；素材
词形变换：复数 _______________；形容词 _______________（物质的；有形的）
搭配：learning _______________ 学习材料；reading _______________ 阅读材料；teaching _______________ 教学材料
Successful learners also use the best learning _______________ they can find.
（成功的学习者也会使用他们能找到的最好的学习材料。）
14. method n.方法；办法
词形变换：复数 _______________；形容词 _______________（有条理的）
搭配：learning _______________ 学习方法；an effective _______________ 有效的方法；teaching _______________ 教学方法
There are a lot of learning _______________, but you need to know which suits you.
（有很多学习方法，但你需要知道哪种适合你。）
15. mindset n.心态；思维方式
词形变换：复合词 _______________（思维）+ set（设定）；相关词 _______________ mindset（成长型心态）
搭配：growth _______________ 成长型心态；fixed _______________ 固定型心态；change one's _______________ 改变心态
The first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth _______________.
（成为成功学习者的第一个关键是拥有成长型心态。）
16. review v./n.复习；回顾；评论
词形变换：三单 _______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________；名词 _______________（评论员）
搭配：_______________ lessons 复习功课；_______________ key ideas 复习要点；under _______________ 在审查中
I study by _______________ my notes. I think it helps me remember better.
（我通过复习笔记来学习。我觉得这有助于更好地记忆。）
17. strategy n.策略；战略
词形变换：复数 _______________；形容词 _______________（战略的）
搭配：learning _______________ 学习策略；an effective _______________ 有效的策略；develop a _______________ 制定策略
Discuss ways of learning actively and express opinions on learning _______________.
（讨论主动学习的方式，并对学习策略发表看法。）
18. succeed v.成功
词形变换：名词 _______________（成功）；形容词 _______________（成功的）；副词 _______________（成功地）；反义词 _______________（失败）
搭配：_______________ in doing sth. 成功做某事；a successful learner 成功的学习者
If you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will _______________.
（如果你循序渐进、永不灰心，你一定会成功。）
19. summarize v.总结；概括
词形变换：三单 _______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________；名词 _______________（总结；摘要）
搭配：_____________the key points 总结要点；in summary 总而言之；write a summary 写摘要
Hua Luogeng suggested that learners should read and take notes carefully, then _______________ the key points.
（华罗庚建议学习者应该仔细阅读和做笔记，然后总结要点。）
20. technology n.技术
词形变换：形容词 _______________（技术的）；副词 _______________（技术上地）；名词 _______________（技术人员）
搭配：new _______________ 新技术；information _______________ 信息技术；_______________ and resources 技术与资源
In the 21st century, this means using new _______________ and resources, not just textbooks.
（在21世纪，这意味着使用新技术和资源，而不仅仅是课本。）
21. treasure n.财富；珍宝
词形变换：复数 _______________；动词 _______________（珍惜；珍视）
搭配：great _______________ 巨大的财富；national _______________ 国宝；_______________ hunt 寻宝
The road ahead may have many mountains and valleys, but it also has great _______________.
（前方的路可能有无数高山和低谷，但也有巨大的宝藏。）
22. wise adj.明智的；聪明的
词形变换：比较级 _______________；最高级 _______________；副词 _______________（明智地）；名词 _______________（智慧）
搭配：a _______________ choice 明智的选择；choose _______________ly 明智地选择；words of wisdom 智慧之语
Think carefully and choose _______________ what and how you study.
（仔细思考，明智地选择你学什么以及怎么学。）
23. aloud adv.出声地；大声地
词形变换：相关词 _______________（大声的）；_______________（大声地）
搭配：read _______________ 大声朗读；think _______________ 自言自语；say _______________ 大声说出
Reading _______________ to practise speaking is a great way to improve your English.
（大声朗读练习口语是提高英语的好方法。）
24. experiment n.实验；试验
词形变换：动词 _______________（做实验）；名词 _______________（实验者）；形容词 _______________（实验的）
搭配：do/perform an _______________ 做实验；hands-on _______________ 动手实验；a scientific _______________ 科学实验
By doing hands-on _______________, Peter finds that he can connect physics with real life.
（通过动手做实验，彼得发现他可以把物理与现实生活联系起来。）
25. examination n.考试；检查
词形变换：缩写 _______________；动词 _______________（检查；审查）；名词 _______________（考官）
搭配：take an _______________ 参加考试；pass/fail an _______________ 通过/未通过考试
Before taking the _______________, you need to understand why you didn't do well last time.
（在参加考试之前，你需要弄清楚上次为什么没考好。）
二、核心词组
1. take notes 记笔记（take可换为write/make）
例句：Fu Xing ___________ a lot and tests herself on the key points.
（福星经常记笔记，并通过测试自己来检查要点。）
2. step by step 一步一步地；循序渐进地（副词短语，修饰动词）
例句：You just have to take things ___________ . Start simple and build up.
（你只需要循序渐进。从简单的开始，逐步提高。）
3. growth mindset 成长型心态（固定搭配，心理学概念）
例句：Studies show that the first key is to have a ___________ .
（研究表明第一个关键是拥有成长型心态。）
4. lose heart 灰心；泄气（否定形式更常见：never lose heart）
例句：Never ___________ . The road ahead may be long, but it also has great treasure.
（永不灰心。前方的路可能很长，但也有巨大的宝藏。）
5. connect...with... 把（也可用connect...to...表示连接到）
例句：By doing experiments, Peter finds that he can __________ physics _________ something in real life.（通过做实验，彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。）
6. take advantage of 利用（后接名词或动名词）
例句：___________ the best tools and resources to learn wisely.
（利用最好的工具和资源，明智地学习。）
7. as well as 也；还；和（连接并列成分，强调前者）
例句：Teaching others is a good method to learn actively ___________ a way to get a deeper understanding.（教别人不仅是主动学习的好方法，也是深入理解的一种途径。）
8. in addition 此外；另外（副词短语，常用于句首，后加逗号）
例句：___________ , studies show that students learn more when they study with others.
（此外，研究表明学生与他人一起学习时能学到更多。）
9. work on 致力于；从事（后接名词或动名词）
例句：The learning app will find your weak points and ___________ them.
（这个学习应用会找到你的薄弱点，并针对它们进行练习。）
10. build up 逐步建立；逐渐增强（短语动词，可拆开使用）
例句：Start simple and ___________ . You don't need to do everything at once.
（从简单的开始，逐步提高。你不需要一次做所有的事。）
11. hang out with 与（非正式用语，口语常见）
例句：Students learn more when they ___________ other students who are serious about study.
（当学生和认真学习的同学在一起时，他们能学到更多。）
12. mind map 思维导图（可数名词，create/use a mind map）
例句：I create ___________ to organize information and review key ideas.
（我制作思维导图来整理信息和复习要点。）
13. flashcard 抽认卡；单词卡（可数名词，常用复数flashcards）
例句：___________ are useful because you can take them anywhere and review anytime.
（单词卡很有用，因为你可以随身携带，随时复习。）
14. in part 部分地；在某种程度上（副词短语，修饰整个句子或动词）
例句：This means, ___________ , believing in yourself and setting goals.
（这在某种程度上意味着相信自己并设定目标。）
三、核心语法
（一）宾语从句（单元重点，必考易错点）
1. 定义
宾语从句就是在句子中充当宾语的从句，通常放在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。简单来说，它就像一个「大宾语」——用一个完整的句子来代替一个词做宾语。本单元的核心是三种引导词：that、if/whether 和 wh-词（what/who/where/when/how/why等），它们各有分工，搞清楚谁负责什么，宾语从句就不难了。
2. 详细用法
（1）that 引导的宾语从句
★ 主句 + that + 宾语从句（陈述句语序：主语 + 谓语 + 其他）
that 本身没有实际意义，在口语和非正式书面语中可以省略。比如 I think (that) reading is important 这句话，有 that 没有 that 都行，意思不变。但要特别注意——宾语从句必须用陈述语序，也就是说，从句中主语在前、谓语在后，不能倒过来。很多同学一看到疑问词就习惯性地用疑问语序，这是最容易出错的地方。
常见主句动词（必记）：think（认为）、believe（相信）、hope（希望）、say（说）、know（知道）、find（发现）、suggest（建议）、wonder（想知道）
例句1：I believe (__________) reading is important for learning.
（我相信阅读对学习很重要。）
例句2：Peter finds (__________) he can connect physics with something in real life.
（彼得发现他可以把物理和现实生活中的事物联系起来。）
否定转移（易错点）
这里要特别留心——当主句动词是 think、believe、suppose 这些表示「认为、相信」的词时，否定形式要转移到主句上。也就是说，「否定主句，肯定从句」。翻译的时候要注意还原意思。为什么呢？因为英语习惯把否定的重心放在主句上，这样语义才更清晰。
例句1：I don't think (that) it's necessary to chase fashion.
（我认为没有必要追逐时尚。）——注意：不能说 I think that it's not necessary...
例句2：She doesn't believe (that) fashion is more important than comfort.
（她认为时尚不比舒适更重要。）
（2）if / whether 引导的宾语从句
★ 主句 + if/whether + 宾语从句（陈述语序，意为「是否」）
if 和 whether 都可以翻译成「是否」，在宾语从句中大多数情况下可以互换使用。但有几个场景只能用 whether，不能混用，咱们来捋一捋：
只能用 whether 的情况（必记）：
① 与 or not 连用时：I wonder ___________ or not he will come.（我想知道他是否会来。）
② 介词后面：It depends on ___________ you work hard.（这取决于你是否努力。）
③ 不定式前：I'm not sure ___________ to go or stay.（我不确定是走还是留。）
例句1：I wonder ___________ you could help me with this problem.
（我想知道你是否能帮我解决这个问题。）
例句2：I want to know ___________ he finished his homework or not.
（我想知道他是否完成了作业。）
（3）wh-词引导的宾语从句
★ 主句 + wh-词 + 宾语从句（陈述语序：主语 + 谓语）
wh-词包括 what、who、where、when、how、why 等，它们在从句中充当一定的成分——有的是主语，有的是宾语，有的是状语。关键还是要记住：宾语从句一律用陈述语序！wh-词虽然看起来像疑问词，但到了从句里，后面就要按照「主语+谓语」的顺序走，不能再倒装。
常见wh-词及其功能：
what——什么（做主语或宾语）：I don't know __________ he said.（我不知道他说了什么。）
who——谁（做主语或宾语）：I don't know ______ took my pen.（我不知道谁拿了我的笔。）
where——哪里（做地点状语）：Can you tell me _________ the library is （你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗？）
when——什么时候（做时间状语）：Could you tell me ___________ the next test is （你能告诉我下次考试是什么时候吗？）
how——怎样（做方式状语）：I wonder ___________ he learns so fast.（我想知道他怎么学得这么快。）
why——为什么（做原因状语）：Could you tell me ___________ it is easy to forget a word （你能告诉我为什么容易忘记单词吗？）
（4）宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句的时态要和主句保持协调，就像两个人对话要对上频道一样。具体规则是：
主句是现在时态（一般现在/现在完成/一般将来）→ 从句用所需要的任何时态。
比如 I think he went home yesterday.（我认为他昨天回家了。）
——主句是现在时，从句根据需要用了过去时，没问题。
主句是过去时态 → 从句也要用过去相关的时态。
比如 He said he was reading a book.（他说他正在读书。）
——主句过去时，从句也要变成过去进行时。
特例（必记）：如果从句说的是客观真理、自然规律或格言，不管主句什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
比如 The teacher _________ us that the earth ___________ around the sun.（老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。）——地球绕太阳是客观事实，不受主句过去时的影响。
3. 易错点总结（必记）
易错点1：宾语从句必须用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
I don't know what is his style.
I don't know what his style is.
易错点2：think、believe 等动词的否定转移——否定词要放在主句，不能放在从句。
I think he isn't right.
I don't think he is right.
易错点3：与 or not 连用时只能用 whether，不能用 if。
I wonder if or not he will come.
I wonder whether or not he will come.
易错点4：宾语从句的时态要和主句呼应——主句过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态（客观真理除外）。
He said that the earth went around the sun.
He said that the earth goes around the sun.
易错点5：that 在口语和非正式书面语中可省略，但在正式书面语中建议保留；当从句较长时，that 不宜省略。
（二）语法练习题
A. 单项选择
1. I believe ______ reading is important for learning English.
A. that B. what C. if D. which
2. — Could you tell me ______ the library is — It's next to the teaching building.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
3. I wonder ______ he has finished his homework or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. what
4. I don't think ______ he can pass the exam without studying hard.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
5. The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. travels C. has traveled D. will travel
6. She asked me ______ I was from.
A. that B. what C. where D. whether
7. I don't know ______ took my pen. Can you help me find it
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
8. He said that he ______ the book the day before.
A. reads B. read C. has read D. had read
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I believe that ______ (review) notes after class helps me remember better.
2. He wondered whether he ______ (can) learn maths on his own.
3. My mother tells me that ______ (read) opens up new worlds.
4. She suggested that we ______ (study) step by step.
5. I don't think that ______ (make) mistakes is a bad thing.
6. Could you tell me how ______ (improve) my reading speed
7. He asked if the exam ______ (be) easy.
8. I find that learning English ______ (be) not difficult if I find the right methods.
C. 句型转换
1. "I will come tomorrow," she told me. → She told me that ________________________.
2. When is the next test → Can you tell me ________________________
3. Why is it easy to forget a word → Could you tell me ________________________
4. Will it rain tomorrow → I wonder ________________________.
5. I think he is wrong.（改否定句）→ I ________________________ right.
四、单元书面表达总结
写作主题：My Learning Habits / How I Learn English
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式）
第一段（开头，1-2句）：总起引入
功能：引出话题，表明自己对学习的态度。
核心句式：① I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods. ② Everyone has the ability to learn well. ③ As a student, I have developed some good learning habits over the years.
第二段（中间1，3-4句）：具体学习方法
功能：详细描述自己使用的2-3种学习方法，这是文章的主体。
核心句式：① I think that the best way to learn English is to use it as much as possible. ② First, I take notes in every class and review them after school. ③ Second, I read English books outside class. ④ Third, I practise speaking with my friends.
第三段（中间2，2-3句）：学习感悟或困难应对
功能：谈谈学习中的困难或感悟，体现成长型思维。
核心句式：① I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning. ② Sometimes I find it difficult to remember new words, but I use flashcards to help me. ③ I have found that if you take things step by step, you will make progress.
第四段（结尾，1-2句）：总结建议
功能：总结观点，给出建议，升华主题。
核心句式：① My advice is to find methods that suit your level and keep going! ② I believe that if we never lose heart, we will find more joy in learning. ③ In a word, learning is a lifelong journey, and we should enjoy it.
（二）高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换：
基础词 高分替换词 含义 例句
--- --- --- ---
good effective / efficient 有效的/高效的 an effective method
important crucial / essential 至关重要的 It is crucial to review regularly.
difficult challenging 有挑战性的 a challenging task
try attempt / make an effort 尝试/努力 I attempt to read English novels.
use take advantage of / make use of 利用 Take advantage of learning apps.
help guidance / support 指导/支持 I get guidance from my teacher.
want aim to / be determined to 旨在/决心 I aim to improve my reading speed.
remember memorize / keep in mind 记忆/牢记 I memorize key points after class.
高分词组：
① take advantage of 利用
② step by step 循序渐进
③ growth mindset 成长型心态
④ see mistakes as chances 把错误看作机会
⑤ never lose heart 永不灰心
⑥ build up gradually 逐步提高
⑦ find methods that suit one's level 找到适合自己的方法
⑧ make progress 取得进步
⑨ a lifelong journey 终身之旅
⑩ learn from each other 互相学习
（三）参考范文
How I Learn English
I believe that learning English is not difficult if you find the right methods. Everyone has the ability to learn well, but many students don't realize this.
I think that the best way to learn English is to use it as much as possible. First, I take notes in every class and review them after school. Second, I read English books outside class. My mother always tells me that reading opens up new worlds. I start with simple books and build up gradually. Third, I practise speaking with my friends. I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning.
Sometimes I find it difficult to remember new words. I wonder if using flashcards can help. In fact, I have found that flashcards are useful because I can take them anywhere and review anytime.
I have found that if you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will make progress. My advice is to find methods that suit your level and keep going!
（四）写作模板（万能模板）
My Learning Habits
I believe that learning ________(学科) is not difficult if you find the right methods. Everyone has the ability to learn well, but many students don't realize this.
I think that the best way to learn ________(学科) is to ________(方法1). First, I ________(具体做法1). Second, I ________(具体做法2). My ________(家人/老师) always tells me that ________(他人建议). Third, I ________(具体做法3). I believe that making mistakes is not a bad thing — I see mistakes as chances for learning.
Sometimes I find it difficult to ________(困难). I wonder if ________(可能的解决办法) can help. In fact, I have found that ________(发现的规律/方法).
I have found that if you take things step by step and never lose heart, you will make progress. My advice is to ________(总结建议)!

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