资源简介

选择性必修　第四册
Unit 2　Iconic attractions &
Unit 3　Sea exploration
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
体裁 说明文 子主题 海洋探索
本文主要介绍了风能技术在现代航运中再度发挥作用。
1. C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句“有时候要向前走就必须向后看。自古以来，自从帆被发明以来，人们就开始使用风力驱动的船只”以及下文关于风帆技术回归的描述可知，现代问题的解决方案可能在过去就已经存在。故选C项。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第四段，尤其是倒数第二句“It is estimated that the wings will save around 3 tons of fuel a day.”可知，Wind Wings的主要目的是减少船只的碳排放。
3. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“幸运的是，风力发电技术正在获得认可。每11万艘新造船中，大约有100艘正在使用某种风能技术建造。这还不包括像皮克西斯海洋号这样的船只，它们已经或将被帆、风筝或其他类型的风力驱动机制改造”可知，风能技术是可靠且有前景的。
4. D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段和最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了风能技术在现代航运中再度发挥作用。所以文章的最佳标题为D项“风之翼：回归古代海洋智慧”。
B
体裁 议论文 子主题 历史教育的重要性
本文讨论了在现代社会发展中，培养历史意识的重要性以及历史教育的重要意义。文章呼吁将历史教育纳入更加合理的课程体系中，历史意识的建立有助于培养学生的批判性思维以及理解世界的能力。
5. B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一至三句可知，作者在第一段提到了人们对历史的无知。故选B项。
6. C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“... how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection...”可知，作者在第二段主要强调了历史对当下和未来的洞悉。
7. B　推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句是对贝恩博士所讲的那番话的解释，由此可知，贝恩博士认为历史是如此的重要，学校应该提高历史课程的地位。
8. D　句意理解题。上文对比两种情况：假设场景：“若常听到毕业生说没学过加减乘除(数学基础)，定会引发强烈抗议(severe protest)”——隐含“数学是基础学科，其教学缺失会引发重视”；现实场景：“现在(历史教学缺失)也应如此(So should there be now)”，其中so指代上文的“severe protest”，“there be”对应“对学科教学缺失的抗议”。结合全文“重视历史”的主旨，可推断该句意为“我们应像重视数学等基础学科一样重视历史”，即“对历史学科的重视程度应与其他学科一致”，故选D项。
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
体裁 说明文 子主题 丝绸之路
本文主要介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义。
9. E　根据下一句“通过这些路线，中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方，而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知，丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。故选E项。
10. B　根据下一句可知，它们还促进了知识的流动，其中的as well表示递进关系，not only与as well相关联，故选B项“古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易”。　
11. A　根据下文举的例子“For example, Buddhism originated in India... Confucianism, which was born in China...”可知，丝绸之路促进各种思想和观念的交流，故选A项，引出下文。
12. C　根据上文“古代丝绸之路见证了陆路往来、商贸往来、船舶停靠港口的繁华景象。 资本、技术和人员沿着这些主要路线自由流动”可知，此处承接上文，介绍这种现象造成的结果，故选C项“商品、资源和利益被广泛分享”。
13. D　根据上一句“然而今天，这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”可知，此处承接上文，故选D项“这种状况不应继续下去”，该项中的Such state of affairs 指代上文中陈述的状况。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
体裁 记叙文 子主题 太空旅行
为了帮助家庭，作者高中毕业后加入空军，成为太空旅行对人体影响研究的志愿者，参与了高速火箭滑车和离心机等实验。
14. D　根据上文as soon as I finished high school I was going to help with taking care of the family和good paying可知，为了帮助家庭，刚刚高中毕业的作者急需一份能赚钱的工作(job)。
15. A　根据上文there weren't any good paying jobs just out of high school可知，因为没有找到赚钱多的好工作，所以作者做出了“加入空军”的决定。decide to do sth. 决定做某事。
16. D　根据下文for volunteers to determine the effects of space travel on the human body可知，此处是指“招募志愿者”。call请求，呼吁。
17. B　根据下文可知，实验的目的是确定太空旅行对人体的影响(effect)。consistency一致性；pressure压力；potential 潜力。
18. C　根据上文human guinea pigs(实验对象)和下文the sled took off可知，实验对象需乘坐滑车参与测试。ride a sled 乘坐滑车。
19. C　根据下文everything in your body was being forced out through your back可知，此处描述滑车起飞时的主观感受。as if意为“好像，仿佛”，符合语境。
20. A　根据上文the sled took off可知，身体感觉像是被外力强行推挤出去，故用force。
21. D　根据上文driving an vehicle at a hundred miles an hour和下文a stone wall可知，此处在讲滑车突然停止时的冲击力，像高速开车时撞到墙一样。run into 撞上。
22. C　根据上文one of us was taken off the sled he was like a dish rag可知，虽然看到同伴的惨状，但其他人仍急切参加下一个实验。be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事。
23. B　根据下文the next experiment可知，实验对象需配合进行下一个实验。conduct the experiment 进行实验。
24. D　根据下文our hand would come off the trigger可知，离心机高速运转，为了保证安全，当实验对象的手离开扳机时，机器会自动停止(stop)运转。手会离开扳机的原因是身体出现危险状况——失去意识。lose control失去控制；come around苏醒；throw up呕吐；black out暂时失去知觉。
25. C　见第24题解析。
26. B　根据第二段第二句中的determine the effects of space travel on the human body可知，此处指“人类进入太空(space)”。
27. B　根据上文“曾作为实验对象为太空旅行付出”和下文hearing the countdown(听到太空发射倒计时)可知，此时作者的感受应该是“自豪、激动的温暖感(warmth)”。
28. A　根据空格前的those可知，此处是指作者之前参与过的那些训练任务(mission)。
Unit 4　Sharing & Unit 5　Launching your career
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
体裁 记叙文 子主题 克服困难成为一名医生
本文主要讲述了克里斯·史密斯从无家可归到成为一名成功的医生的励志故事。
1. D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, his family encountered big trouble, due to his father's dishonest business practices.”和第二段第一、二句可知，克里斯的无家可归是由于他父亲的入狱、他母亲的离开和他弟弟的去世，而不是他父亲在生意上的软弱。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，克里斯在困难时期经常在学校的图书馆和体育馆寻找庇护。
3. C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，这个时刻对克里斯的人生产生了重大影响，所以是极其重要的。因此pivotal在此处的意思是“关键的，重要的”。故选C。
4. B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了克里斯·史密斯如何克服生活中的困难和挑战，从无家可归到成为一名医生的人生历程。因此，文章的最佳标题是“克服不幸：克里斯·史密斯的旅程”。故选B。
B
体裁 记叙文 子主题 非洲儿童合唱团
本文主要讲述了Ray Barnett创立非洲儿童合唱团的过程及其对非洲贫困儿童生活的积极影响。
5. C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“1984年4月，巴内特和一组志愿者回到乌干达，挑选了31名儿童，他们将成为第一个非洲儿童合唱团”和第二段后两句可知，巴内特返回乌干达是为了挑选孩子组成合唱团，以帮助贫困儿童。
6. A　细节理解题。根据第二段“1984年9月，合唱团抵达北美，并在整个巡演中取得了巴内特无法想象的成就。他们用音乐、舞蹈和戏剧的故事激励着观众，并筹集了足够的资金在乌干达开设了一个儿童之家。这为合唱团的孩子和其他需要照顾的孩子提供了一个稳定的环境和优质的教育”可知，孩子们的第一次演出超乎想象地成功。
7. B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“在接下来的几年里，又建立了6个儿童之家来照顾弱势儿童。建立了一些特殊的扫盲学校，在那里孩子们学习如何阅读和写作，并获得信心和技能。该组织随后设立了一个赞助计划，帮助孩子们在学业上更进一步”和最后一段非洲儿童合唱团在非洲各地建立可知，合唱团发展迅速，更多孩子从中受益。
8. A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕非洲儿童合唱团的成立和发展，以及它如何为非洲的孩子们带来希望和改变展开，故A项“一个伟大的合唱团给非洲孩子带来了希望”能够概括文章主旨。
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
体裁 说明文 子主题 适当远离科技产品
对科技产品的上瘾变得越来越普遍，作者呼吁人们适当远离科技产品，并提出了一些建议。
9. D　根据上一句“However powerful it is, it does have a power-off button.”和下文介绍需要拔掉插头的原因可知，选D项承上启下。
10. E　根据下一句可知，在这源源不断的信息中，我们对被排除在外的恐惧持续增长。此处引出下文，故选E项“社交媒体充斥着我们周围发生的一切”。
11. B　根据上一句可知，我们在科技面前花费的大部分时间都花在了消费上(玩电子游戏、上网、看电影、听音乐)。下一句是“它需要更多的创造。”此处承上启下，故选B项“我们的世界不需要更多的消费”。
12. G　此处是本段小标题。根据下文可知，要将物品拿走，人们才能理解科技成瘾的情况。故选G项作本段小标题。
13. C　根据上一句可知，最好的生活就发生在你面前。此处承接上文，故选C项“人生的经历永远不会重演”。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
体裁 记叙文 子主题 林巧稚的人生抉择
本文叙述了医学家林巧稚的一生，其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。
14. more precious　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than和句意可知，此处用比较级表示“没有什么比生命更珍贵”，故填more precious。
15. what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且主语指物，应用连接代词what。
16. marriage　考查名词。空处作介词of的宾语，应该用名词形式，故填marriage。
17. a　考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一名”，应用不定冠词，且resident的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。
18. immediately　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰“after she graduated”整个从句，应用副词形式，故填immediately。
19. that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词position，先行词为物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。
20. rejected　考查动词的时态。空处作where引导的定语从句的谓语，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填rejected。
21. to be appointed　考查非谓语动词。根据the first Chinese woman可推知，此处用“the＋序数词＋名词＋to do”的固定表达，且appoint和woman逻辑上是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填to be appointed。
22. fees　考查名词复数。空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词fee应用复数形式fees。low fees表示“低费用”。
23. having delivered　考查非谓语动词。空处作状语，deliver和she逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词；且deliver的动作发生在was known as的动作之前，应用完成式。故填having delivered。Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2025河北邢台期中)Sometimes to go forward you must look backwards. Wind-powered ships have been used since ancient times, ever since the invention of the sail. With the coming of fuel-powered ships, however, the sail fell out of favour as a practical way to move large boats and ships across the ocean. Now, sails are making a comeback as a way to lower the carbon emissions produced by the fuel-powered shipping industry.
Shipping is not an environmentally friendly industry. In fact, the industry is responsible for about three per cent of global emissions. Luckily, the leading figures in the industry have made a commitment to become planet-warming gasses net zero by 2050. This is where the Pyxis Ocean comes in.
The Pyxis Ocean is a ship with two “Wind Wings”， which was designed by a British company. The ship made its first journey crossing the ocean from China to Brazil in 2023.
But the “Wind Wings” are not quite sails. Standing up to 37 metres tall, they are designed using the same type of aerodynamic(空气动力学的) principles that make it possible for an aircraft to fly. When not being used, the sails fold down onto the ship's deck. It is estimated that the wings will save around 3 tons of fuel a day. That is a lot of fuel.
With new, cleaner fuels still in the works, these partial measures to reduce carbon emissions are a godsend. “Ultimately we do need zero-carbon fuels on all ships, but in the meantime, it is necessary to make every journey as efficient as possible，” Dr Simon Bullock, a shipping researcher, said.
Luckily, wind-powered technology is gaining recognition.About 100 out of every 110,000 new-build ships are being built using some sort of wind technology. And that doesn't take into account ships like the Pyxis Ocean which have been, or will be transformed with sails, kites, or other types of wind-powered mechanisms.
1. What does the comeback of the wind-powered technology indicate
A. The whole world is faced with an energy crisis.
B. Sustainable development has become a global trend.
C. The solutions to modern problems may lie in the past.
D. The shipping industry is determined to turn away from fossil fuels.
2. What is the main purpose of the “Wind Wings” on the Pyxis Ocean
A. To provide entertainment for the crew.
B. To reduce the ship's carbon emissions.
C. To serve as a backup power source.
D. To increase the speed of the ship.
3. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. The wind-powered technology is reliable and promising.
B. Wind power is playing a major role in the shipping industry.
C. Fuel-powered ships will soon be replaced by wind-powered ones.
D. Technology innovation is key to addressing environmental issues.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. New Ship Sailing into the Future
B. Traditional Shipping Taking the Stage
C. The Pyxis Ocean: New Hope for the Earth
D. “Wind Wings”： a Return to Ancient Maritime Wisdom　
B
(2025江苏南通海安中学期中)Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. The thought of living exclusively in a present moment is scary. Scarier still is the thought of an entire generation, not to mention society, operating with a lack of a sense of history. And yet that is exactly the situation in which we find ourselves today.
The people and events of history may be rooted in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we teach them—in other words, how we practise history as the record of human experience—tell us a lot about who we are and what we value right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an as-yet unwritten history book, on the other hand, is likely to force deeper self-reflection: Whose stories will we stand up for What values will we defend What models will we offer following generations In an era of environmental change, rising inequality and great shifts in the international political context, we need to understand how our institutions have developed. History gives us power. No other subject helps us to understand so comprehensively what it is to be human.
The implications of ignorance of what have happened are incredible, but the ignorance itself isn't entirely surprising given the lowered status of history in most schools. The discipline of history has become sidelined(边缘化). “History fights for its place in the curriculum with geography，” Dr Bain observed, “but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really distinct.” In other words, history doesn't simply tell us how to be good citizens: It equips us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to analyse it accurately.
Clearly, in an age of “fake news”， engaged citizens need to be culturally literate, critical thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop an appreciation of context and an ability to look for evidence. We should expect a logical history curriculum for our children. If it were common to hear graduates claim that they'd never learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide, there would be a severe protest. So should there be now.
5. What is the situation the author mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. The fear of the past.
B. The ignorance of history.
C. The exclusion of the present.
D. The dissatisfaction of society.
6. What does the author mainly stress in Paragraph 2
A. Consequences of overlooking history.
B. Significance of mastering all subjects.
C. Insights from history for today and tomorrow.
D. Resolutions of the current international issues.
7. Which one of the following ideas might Dr Bain agree with
A. Critical thinking is key to studying history well.
B. Schools should enhance the status of history curriculum.
C. Ignorance of history is not as terrible as expected in schools.
D. Geography proves more meaningful and practical than history.
8. What does the underlined sentence “So should there be now.” mean
A. The historical sense can help us differentiate the news.
B. People are dissatisfied with graduates' ability to calculate.
C. We should make history curriculum more logical and critical.
D. We should pay the same attention to history as to other subjects.
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central Asia, the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named after the silk cloth the Chinese produced. (9) Through these routes, Chinese silk, porcelain, lacquer work and ironware were shipped to the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pomegranate entered China.
(10) They promoted flow of knowledge as well. Arab astronomy, calendar and medicine found their way to China, while China's four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts of the world. (11) For example, Buddhism originated in India, blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia. Confucianism, which was born in China, gained appreciation by European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire. Herein lies the appeal of mutual learning.
The ancient silk routes witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports. Along these major routes, capital, technology and people flowed freely. (12) The ancient prosperous cities and ports developed, so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdoms. The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the golden age. The ancient silk routes brought prosperity to these regions and contributed to their development.
Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk and honey. Yet today, these places are often associated with conflict, crisis and challenge. (13) Now, the Belt and Road Initiative intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of shared interests. It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced development, but also connect different civilizations. Mutual understanding, mutual respect, and mutual trust among different countries will be boosted.
A. More importantly ideas were also exchanged.
B. The ancient silk routes were not only for trade.
C. Goods, resources and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue.
E. However, silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes.
F. Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes.
G. The Silk Road was never an actual road, or even a single massive trade route.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
(2025浙江北斗星盟三模)My dad was trying to raise the seven of us by himself. And I knew that as soon as I finished high school I was going to help with taking care of the family.
But there weren't any good paying 14 just out of high school so I 15 to join the Air Force. And the 16 had gone out for volunteers to determine the 17 of space travel on the human body. So I became one of the human guinea pigs(实验对象) who 18 high-speed rocket sleds(滑车)．
The first time when the sled took off, it was almost 19 everything in your body was being 20 out through your back. And then when it stopped, it was like driving an vehicle at a hundred miles an hour and 21 a stone wall.
I did it more than 65 times.I remember once when one of us was taken off the sled he was like a dish rag. The rest of us saw what happened to him but we were 22 to get strapped(用带子绑住) in to that seat to 23 the next experiment. We went up to Johnsville, Pennsylvania. There was a huge centrifuge(离心机) up. We rode that thing at high speeds. We had our hand on a little trigger(扳机) and the minute we started to 24 ,our hand would come off the trigger and that would 25 the machine.
The day that man went into 26 ,I felt a 27 come over my body when hearing the countdown. And even to this day, every time there's a liftoff, I think a little piece of me lifts off with each of those 28 .
14. A. applications B. opponents
C. posters D. jobs
15. A. decided B. volunteered
C. expected D. agreed
16. A. announcement B. command
C. invitation D. call
17. A. consistency B. effects
C. pressure D. potentials
18. A. operated B. took
C. rode D. tested
19. A. in case B. even if
C. as if D. now that
20. A. forced B. removed
C. dragged D. cut
21. A. passing by B. flying over
C. falling off D. running into
22. A. afraid B. nervous
C. anxious D. reluctant
23. A. abandon B. conduct
C. analyse D. observe
24. A. lose control B. come around
C. throw up D. black out
25. A. start B. test
C. stop D. reset
26. A. atmosphere B. space
C. universe D. sky
27. A. shock B. warmth
C. relief D. blow
28. A. missions B. flights
C. adventures D. voyages

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