资源简介

高频词汇精讲
vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的;维持生命所必需的
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria...青蒿素已经成为疟疾治疗的一个极其重要的部分...(数材P2)情景导学
Tourism is vital for/to the city seconomy.
旅游业对这个城市的经济至关重要。
Languages play a vital role in ensuring cultural diversity and strengthening cooperation语言在确保文化多样性和加强合作方面起着至关重要的作用。
She believes that it is vital for teenagers to have a positive attitude, and sports helpthem do this.
她认为青少年拥有积极的态度是至关重要的，而运动有助于他们做到这一点。(北师大必修一)
Besides, it’s vital that you (should) mind your table manners in China when you attend adinner party.
此外，在中国，当你参加宴会时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。(写作一餐桌礼仪)
【用法归纳】
①be vital for/to(doing) sth.对(做)某事极其重要
②It is vital (for...) to dosth.(对..来说)做某事极其重要
③It is vital that...……极其重要。(that从句的谓语用” should+动词原形"的形式，其中 should 可以省略)
④play a vital part/role in...在.方面起着极其重要的作用⑤be of vital importance 至关重要
committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30December 1930..
屠呦呦，一位尽职尽责、有耐心的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波.…….(数材P2)
【情景导学】
In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmentalprotection.除了自己的研究，她还全身心地投入环保事业。(北师大必修三)The parents were very delighted to hear that their daughter would be committed to studyingthe report.听到他们的女儿将致力于研究这项报告，这对父母非常高兴。
【用法归纳】
be committed to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事词汇拓展
①commit vt. 承诺;保证;做出(错的或非法的事);花(钱或时间) v.忠于(某个人、机构等);全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit sb. /oneself to sth. /to doing sth./to do sth,承诺/保证做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等
commit a crime/a mistake犯罪/犯错
commit to...忠于.…; 全心全意投入...
②commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献，献身;投入，花费，使用
commitment to...对.....的承诺/献身
make a commitment to...对....做出承诺
make a commitment to doing sth. /to do sth.承诺做某事
"A talented scientist well known for his commitment to his country, Huang Danian, committedhimself to his research in geophysics.
黄大年是一位以献身祖国而闻名的天才科学家，他致力于地球物理学的研究。
objective n.目标;目的 adj. 客观的
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective ofdiscovering a new treatment for malaria.
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以发现治疗疟疾的新方法为目标的科学家队伍.…
(数材P2)
【情景导学】
To achieve my objective, l must attach great importance to training my body and mind.为了实现我的目标，我必须十分重视锻炼我的身心。(写作一对未来的规划)
As a father, not only does he care about my life, but he also inspires me to set an objectiveand work hard for it.作为一个父亲，他不仅关心我的生活，而且激励我设定一个目标并为之努力，(写作一人物描写)
【用法归纳】
名词：
① achieve /meet/accomplish/attain oneūs objective实现某人的目标
② set an objective设定目标
形容词：
①an objective analysis/assessment/report客观的分析/评价/报告词汇拓展
subjective adj. 主观的(objective的反义词)
②objectively adv, 客观地
③object n.物体;目标;对象 v.反对;不赞成object to sb. /sth.反对/不赞成某人/某事
object to (sb.)doing...反对(某人)做....
Some people object to animal experiments.一些人反对动物实验
My parents object to me going to college out of our province我父母反对我到外省去上大学，
④objection n.反对;异议
have/make an objection to (doing)...对(做)......表示反对
acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦不会承认失败。(教材P2)
【情景导学】
They refused to acknowledge being defeated and hoped for a second chance to compete. 也们拒绝承认被打败，希望再有一次机会竟争。
It is widely/universally acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overallquality,人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评估学生。
The waters surrounding Antarctica were acknowledged as/to be a new ocean by the NationaGeographic Society.
南极洲周围的海域被美国国家地理学会承认为一个新的大洋
【用法归纳】
①acknowledge doing sth./that...承认做某事/承认....
②acknowledge... as/to be...认为......是..(常用被动形式)
③ lt is (widely/universally) acknowledged that...人们(普遍)认为...
【词汇拓展】
acknowledgement n.承认:感谢in acknowledgement of为感谢......
insist vi. & vt.坚持;坚决要求;坚持说
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to makesure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。(教材P3)情景导学
They simply insist on mutual(相互的)recognition and regard.他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。(2022全国乙)
The twins insisted on making French toast and chicken porridge for their mother as a Mother'sDay surprise.这对双胞胎坚持要为母亲做法式吐司和鸡肉粥作为母亲节的惊喜，(读后续写一母亲节的惊喜)
He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 他坚称他没有偷那笔钱。
He insisted that they (should) leave enough space for children.
他坚决要求他们应该为孩子们留有足够的空间。
【用法归纳】
①insist on/upon(sb./sb.□s)(doing) sth.坚决要求(某人)(做)某事
②insist on(doing) sth.坚持(做)某事;执意继续(做)某事
③insist后接that引|导的宾语从句时，如果意为” 坚持认为"，则从句用陈述语气，该用什么时态就用什么时态;如果意为”坚持要求坚持主张”，则从句需用虚拟语气，从句谓语用”should+动词原形 ”的形式，其中should可以省略。
【词汇拓展】
insistence n.坚决要求:坚持
conclusion n.结论;推论;结束;结尾
Did you come to any conclusions 你得出什么结论了吗
【情景导学】
In conclusion, l would like to gratefully acknowledge financial support from the localbusinesses.最后，我要衷心感谢当地企业的财务资助。
I draw a conclusion from my own experience that "Where there is a will, there is a way.我从我自己的经历中得出结论:"有志者，事竟成。"(读后续写一人生感悟)
【用法归纳】
①come to/arrive at/reach/ draw the/a conclusion (that...)得出(...的)结论
② in conclusion最后
③jump to conclusions草率地下结论
④bring...to a conclusion 结束(讲话等)词汇拓展
conclude v, 断定;推断出;得出结论;(使)结束
conclude (from...) that...(从..中)得出.....结论
conclude...(from...)(从......中)推断出.....
conclude(sth.)with sth./by doing sth.以某事/以做某事结束(某事)
It is/was concluded that...人们得出结论...
to conclude=in conclusion最后
.He concluded his speech with an old saying: "Friendship is a tree with good faith asroots and goodwill as branches.他以一句老话结束了他的演讲:“友谊是树，忠实为根，亲善为枝。
To conclude, laws to ban TV advertisements for unhealthy products are beneficial to society总而言之，禁止不健康产品电视广告的法律对社会是有益的。(北师大选择性必修四)
circumstance n.(常用复数)条件;环境;状况
Her circumstances are beyond our control. 我们无法控制她的状况。(教材P5)【情景导学】
Under/In the circumstances, yould better make a decision as quickly as possible.
在这种情况下，你最好尽快做出决定。
Under/In no circumstances will primary and secondary school students be allowed to bringmobile phones into classrooms, according to the Ministry of Education.根据教育部的规定，在任何情况下都不允许中小学生将手机带入课堂。(China Daily)
【用法归纳】
①under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(位于句首时句子要用部分倒装②under/in the circumstances在这种情况下;既然这样
③under/in...circumstances 在......情况下
passion n.酷爱:激情
While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning adoctorate in physics in 1905.在那里工作期间，出于对知识的酷爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。(教材P8)
【情景导学】
From their reactions, l feel that children have a great passion for winter sports.从他们的反应来看，我觉得孩子们对冬季运动有着极大的热情。
【用法归纳】
①have a passion for(doing)sth.对(做)某事充满热情
②out of a passion for...出于对.....的热情词汇拓展
③passionate adj. 热情的;狂热的;酷爱的
be passionate about...酷爱...
We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. 我们两个都热衷于表演，这源于我们都对人特别感兴趣。
④passionately adv.狂热地
consequence n，结果，后来，重要性
As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.结果，他只好逃离德国。(教材P8)
【情景导学】
As a consequence of food waste, more environmental problems are caused.由于食物浪费，更多的环境问题发生了。(写作一食物浪费)
Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, in consequence, maysee no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.孩子们会觉得他们不够好，或者你不关心，结果，他们可能会觉得为他们的成就而努力没有意义。(2019浙江改编)
【用法归纳】
as a consequence of =in consequence of=as a result of因为;由于
②as a consequence= in consequence=as a result 因此:结果
③take the consequences 承担后果
【词汇拓展】
①表示”因为;由于"的短语还有:because of、due to、owing to、on account of、thanks to等
②consequent adi. 随之发生的
The warming of the Earth and the consequent climate change affect us all.
地球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响着我们所有人。
③consequently adv.因此:所以
Consequently, China will make even more technological progress因此，中国将取得甚至更大的技术进步。
sum vi. 总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和
Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person. 利用你的笔记来写你的介绍，并总结关于这个人你的感受如何。(教材P9)
【情景导学】
To sum up/In sum, Mr, Smith is a respected man of many noble qualities总而言之，史密斯先生是一个值得尊敬的、有很多高尚品格的人。(写作一人物描写)
He and his colleagues get together regularly to sum up their work.他和同事们走期聚会总结工作。
【用法归纳】
动词：
①sum up概括;总结;估量，判断
② to sum up总之，总而言之
名词：
③ in sum总之，概括地说
④the sum of A and B A与B的和
⑤the sum of+金钱 .....的金额
⑥a large sum of money -大笔钱
【词汇拓展】
①summarize v.总结;概括;概述
②summary n. 总结;概括;概要 adj. 总结性的;概括的;从速从简的，草草的
in summary总之，概括起来
In summary, 5G will play a crucial part in many aspects.
总的来说，5G将在很多方面起着至关重要的作用。
结构
lt strikes sb.+that...某人突然意识到!
It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care aboutwhat was happening to their fellow countrymen.
他突然意识到照片中其他的中国人显然并不在乎他们的同胞的遭遇。(教材 P4)
【结构拓展】
It hits/occurs to sb. that...某人突然想到……
It suddenly hit/occurred to me that traditional culture like tea culture was of greatcharm and huge value.
我突然想到传统文化，如茶文化，具有巨大的魅力和极大的价值。(写作一传统文化)
sth.strikes/hits/occurs to sb.某人突然想到某事
He was unconscious and as l looked at his face, something struck/hit/occurred to me.
他昏迷了，当我看着他的脸的时候，我突然想到了什么。
独立主格结构
He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc'他为世界做出了很多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名公式 E=mc。(教材 P8)
[情景导学]
Dad looked at me, tears welling up in his eyes.
爸爸看着我，热泪盈眶。(读后续写-神态描写)
Homework finished,the boy went to bed.家庭作业做完后，这个男孩上床睡觉了Here are the first two chapters, the third to come out next year.这是前两章，第三章明年出版。
The little qirl entered the room, her face red with cold.小女孩走进房间，脸冻红了Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon. 天空乌云密布，很快就要下雨了。(读后续写-环境描写)
【用法归纳】
1）独立主格结构可由“名词或代词+非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式)”构成现在分词 表示动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为主动关系或动作正在进行，过去分词 表示动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为被动关系或动作已经完成，词不定式表示动作将要发生。独立主格结构还可由“名词或代词+介词短语/形容词/名词/副词”构成。
2）with 的复合结构也可看作独立主格结构的一种。
3）独立主格结构与句子其他部分用逗号隔开,在句中一般作状语,常表示时间、原因条件、方式或伴随等。
3. as though/if引导从句
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end asthough he had just received an electric shock.他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。(教材 P8)
【情景导学】
The meat tastes as though/if it has already gone bad.这肉尝起来好像已经坏了
They are shaking with fear, as though/if something is going to happen.他们害怕得发抖，好像要发生什么事。
She looked as though/if she'd had some bad news.她看上去好像有什么坏消息似的。(实际上没有坏消息)
He opened his mouth as though/if he would say something他张开嘴好像要说什么。(实际上没有说)
By doing this, we can form a closer relationship with our customers as though/if theywere our neighbors or relatives.通过这样做，我们可以与客户建立更密切的关系,就像他们是我们的邻居或亲戚一样(实际上不是)(2020 浙江 1月)
【用法归纳】
①as though/if 引导状语从句或表语从句时，若表示的情况与客观事实相符，用陈述语气 ;若表示的情况与客观事实不相符或相反，则用 虚拟语气
②as though/if 引导状语从句或表语从句时，若从句表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句用 一般过去时(be 动词常用 were );若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时 ;若表示与将来事实相反的情况，从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
语法：非限制性定语从句
一、非限制性定语从句的作用
【情景导学】
Wang, who is often in dangerous situations, is also a judo(柔道) master王也是一位柔道大师，他经常处于危险的境地。(2021全国新高考I)
Peter, whose mother is in hospital, will take a few days off to look after her.彼得的母亲住院了，他要请几天假来照顾她。
Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada, where he would stay for two years.昨天吉米出发去加拿大了，他将在那里待两年。
We will put off the meeting until next week, when we won't be so busy.
我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们就不这么忙了。
【用法归纳】
非限制性定语从句只是对① 先行词 的补充、解释或附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。它与主句之间一般用② 逗号 分开,常常翻译成与主句并列的句子。
【特别提醒】
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用不同 说明的是先行词必不可少的情况 对先行词进行补充说明
形式不同 关系词和先行词不用逗号分开 关系词和先行词用逗号分开
先行词不同 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或主句的一部分
关系词不同 可用 that;关系代词作宾语可省略 不用 that; 关系代词作宾语不可省略；why要换为for which
翻译不同 译作定语，翻译为“……的…” 主句与从句分开翻译，从句可译作与主句并列的句子
二、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
【情景导学】
He is very outgoing, which is known to us all in our company.他非常外向，这是我们公司的人都知道的。
I have told him the reason, for which l missed the early bus.我没能赶上早班车，我已经告诉了他原因。
The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是 50 公里竞走,它比马拉松长约5英里。(2020 全国1)
【用法归纳】
1.非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词 引导。
2.非限制性定语从句不能用关系副词 引导，要用 代替 why。
3.非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句,这时从句谓语动词要用 形式。
三、as、which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
【情景导学】
As vou can see, he did it much better than l.如你所见，他做得比我好得多
Light, as we know, travels faster than sound.正如我们所知，光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快。
He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy. 他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴,
I may have to work late, in which case l'l telephone我可能得工作到很晚，那样的话我会打电话的。
He graduated from a local high school, after which he went to Peking University.他毕业于当地的一所高中，之后他去了北京大学。
【用法归纳】
1.在引导非限制性定语从句时，as 常译为“ ”;which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句时，which 常译为“ ”。
2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于 之前 、之中或之后，而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 。
3.which 在定语从句中可以作定语或介词的 宾语 ，而 as 不能。
【特别提醒】
as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中:as is expected(不出所料), as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的), as we all know/asis known to al(众所周知)，as is reported(正如所报道的)，as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as has been said before(如上所述)等
“代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
【情景导学】
He has three sons,two of whom are doctors. 他有三个儿子，其中两个是医生。
Here are the questions, some of which l think are difficult for you.问题都在这儿，我认为其中一些对你来说太难了。
【用法归纳】
一些数词或代词如 al、some、one、both、neither、none、any、either 等可与 of一起修饰关系代词,常用来引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指人时用 ，指物时用 ，不可以用 。
【即时巩固】
is expected, he won the game. We were all happy for him.
2. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
3. We attended the meeting in the school lecture hall last night, seats morethan 300 students.
4. A nurse, had worked in the front line for a week, could only give an air hugto her visiting daughter from a safe distance.
5. His interest started a few years ago, he was in college and was studying wildlife science.
6.l climbed to the top of the hill with my friend, we had a good view of the lake.
7.The scientists designed experiments, goal was to prove whether plants could learn, an idea that seemed impossible.
8. If possible, we may leave them alone for some time before reading again, will help a great deal.
9. But my connection with pandas goes back to may days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit.
10. 【2023 全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence.with its surroundings," her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
11. 【2023 全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a
place welcomes the fast-paced developmentof modern life, with 2lst-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【2020.江苏】Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.
【2020.天津】Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
【2019.全国I】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
【2018 北京】She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.
【2018·天津】Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
语法填空
Faraday was the 1______(invent) of the electric generator and electric motor.Faraday’s father suffered from longtime health problems，as a result of 2______ his family had little money to afford his formal schooling.But he was curious and determined to learn.While 3______(work) in London as a teenager，he had a chance to read 4______(vary) books that he could get his hands on.In 1812，he attended four lectures at the Royal Institution given by a famous chemist named Humphrey Davy.A year later Faraday 5______(accept) as Davy’s lab assistant.Davy also took Faraday on 6______ 18-month tour of Europe，where Faraday met some of the most famous scientists of the day.But for Davy，Faraday 7______(lose) the opportunity to gain a complete scientific education.He soon began to do 8______(experiment) with electricity.In 1831, he discovered electromagnetic induction.And for the next eight years Faraday worked long hours in the lab，which did harm 9______ his health.By the end of the decade he was in 10______ poor health that his research did not begin again until 1845.In the mid 1850s，he was forced to retire and he lived at Hampton Court until his death on August 25,1867.

展开更多......

收起↑