资源简介

Period 2　Learning About Language
非限制性定语从句
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一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
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(1)(教材P2)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.　在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了疟疾更为常见的海南来研究疟疾患者。
(2)(教材P3)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。
(3)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4，000 years ago.　上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出了受围棋(中文称“围棋”)启发而创作的艺术作品，而围棋起源于中国，已有四千多年历史。
(4)(2024·浙江卷1月)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way that/which will make them the most money.
当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。
(5)(2023·北京卷) Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
然而，排名只是高等教育教学不受重视的原因之一。
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限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可去掉，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句句意完整
表现形式 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 从句与先行词之间加逗号
先行词 名词、代词或名词性短语 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句
关系词 所有的关系词均可引导限制性定语从句，作宾语的关系代词可以省略 that和why不引导非限制性定语从句，关系词无论作何成分均不可省略
二、关系词在非限制性定语从句中的使用
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(1)My English teacher, who has taught in our school for over 20 years, is very popular among students.
我的英语老师在我们学校已经教学二十多年了，他在学生中很受欢迎。
(2)The teacher praised two students, both of whom had won the English competition.
老师表扬了两名学生，他们俩都赢得了英语竞赛。
(3)The small village, whose scenery is like a painting, attracts thousands of tourists every year.
这个小村庄的风景像一幅画，每年都吸引成千上万的游客。
(4)(2025·浙江卷1月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travelers.　塔尼娅也在关注除特殊场合穿的裙装之外的不那么正式的服装，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者。
(5)He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which makes his parents unhappy.
整个假期他都忙于工作，这让他的父母很不高兴。
(6)She still remembers the year 2018, when/in which she first came to this city to study.
她依然记得 2018 年，那一年她第一次来到这座城市求学。
(7)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where/in which bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains.
而如今，我与我的中国丈夫及其家人一同居住在中国浙江的乡村——这里竹子与茶树在山间肆意生长。
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关系词 指代 所作成分
关系代词 who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
which 指物、整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语、表语
whose 指人或指物 定语
关系副词 where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
when 时间名词 时间状语
三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
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(1)As we all know, China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage.
众所周知，中国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化遗产的国家。
(2)Helping others, as our teachers always teach us, is a traditional virtue of Chinese people.
正如老师们经常教导我们的，帮助他人是中华民族的传统美德。
(3)People are more likely to make mistakes when they are in a hurry, as/which is often the case.
情况往往如此，人们在匆忙的时候更容易犯错。
(4)He passed the driving test at his first attempt, which surprised all of us.
他第一次考驾照就通过了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。
(5)(2025·北京卷) However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, which accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。
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as which
指　代 只能指代整个主句的内容 既可指代名词、代词，又可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位　置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之中或之后
成　分 可作主语、宾语、表语(但一般不作实义动词的主语) 可作主语、宾语、表语
意　义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事
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as也可引导限制性定语从句，但通常用于“such...as...”“as...as...”“so...as...”“the same...as...”结构中。
*The teacher recommended such reference books as are helpful for our English writing.
老师推荐了对我们的英语写作有帮助的这类参考书。
*She received the same prize as her best friend won in the competition last year.
她获得了和她最好的朋友去年在比赛中赢得的同样的奖项。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷)Today I'd like to focus on some major developments，which include shared bicycles, high-speed trains and new energy vehicles.
2．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.
3．(2023·北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago，where thousands were attending a water conference.
4．My grandmother moved to Beijing in 1955, when the city was very different from today.
5．She is such an excellent scientist as everyone in the field respects.
6．He proposed several solutions to the problem, one of which was surprisingly simple.
7．The reason why electric cars are becoming popular is that they're more environmentally friendly.
8．As all his friends say, he is usually warm-hearted, loving and generous.
9．The old library, whose windows were broken in the storm, will be restored next year.
10．People who/that speak more than one language often find it easier to travel abroad.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用非限制性定语从句升级下列句子)
1．Dr. Chen won the National Science Award last year. He will give the keynote speech.
→Dr. Chen, who won the National Science Award last year, will give the keynote speech.
2．Following the girl, we went into a hall. On its walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
→Following the girl, we went into a hall, on whose walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
3．Renewable energy use has doubled since 2010. This can be seen from the chart.
→As can be seen from the chart, renewable energy use has doubled since 2010.
→Renewable energy use has doubled since 2010, as/which can be seen from the chart.
4．The company was founded in 2005. At that time smartphones were just beginning to appear.
→The company was founded in 2005, when smartphones were just beginning to appear.
5．My grandparents still live in the village. There's no supermarket but plenty of fresh air in this village.
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一场乌龙的“抓捕”
INCLUDEPICTURE "奠基续写高分表达LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "奠基续写高分表达LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT ——高频语法结构之非谓语动词
在读后续写中，恰当使用动词能够提升表达的效果。但是，频繁使用谓语动词，会使语篇单调乏味。因此，灵活使用非谓语动词能够增加动词的数量并让句子的结构多样复杂，从而使语篇更加生动灵活；还能够更出色地构建情景、生动地刻画人物形象，从而有效地传递文本意义。
1．用法：非谓语动词是由动词转换来的，但仍保留动词的特性，在句中常作状语，能生动地描述动作画面、凸显人物形象。
2．基本构成：非谓语动词的动作在谓语动词之前发生且已完成，用完成式having done；同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，用一般式doing；过去分词形式done表被动或完成，有时既表被动又表完成。动词不定式常作目的状语和结果状语。
3．高分句式：
(1)主语＋did sth., doing...
*(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)I took out a piece of paper and began to sketch out characters, explaining each stroke and its significance.
我拿出一张纸，开始勾勒出汉字的笔画，并解释每一笔及其意义。
(2)Doing..., 主语＋did sth.
*(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Holding the warm biscuits, I felt a bit of hope stirring inside, mixed with nervous anticipation.　拿着热腾腾的饼干，我内心涌起了一丝希望，同时也夹杂着紧张的期待。
(3)Having done..., 主语＋did sth.
*(2024·浙江卷1月)Having finished the 1 mile successfully, there was no doubt that she could explore her school by the same approach!
成功跑完一英里后，毫无疑问她能够以同样的方式探索她的学校了！
(4)Done..., 主语＋did sth.
*(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Overwhelmed by wild joy, I rose to my feet and punched my fist in the air, shouting out loudly “I made it！”
被疯狂的喜悦所淹没，我站起身来，向空中挥舞着拳头，大声喊道：“我成功了！”
(5)To do sth.(目的状语), 主语＋did sth.或主语＋did sth. to do sth.(目的状语)
*He dashed out of the room in a hurry to fetch the reading books which were left in the temple.
他匆忙冲出房间，去取落在庙里的阅读书籍。
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(2025·浙江卷1月)阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]Kevin was pretty bored. His mother was at work, and his father had been away on business. Therefore, he was left in the care of Mrs. Hill, an old lady who lived next door. His parents had raised the 12-year-old to be a good boy. He never got into trouble, though sometimes he wanted to do risky things. Mrs. Hill was asleep. Kevin sighed (叹息) and hoped something exciting would happen. Suddenly, a movement outside caught his eye.
[2]Mrs. Hill's front window faced Mr. and Mrs. Green's house across the street. The couple had both gone to work, so it was strange that someone was over there. Kevin stared at the man at their front door. Suddenly, the man jumped through an open window into the house. With his heart in his mouth, Kevin grabbed Mrs. Hill's home phone and called the police.
[3]Thinking that the man might get away with whatever he wanted before the police arrived, Kevin decided to do something. He rushed out of Mrs. Hill's house and crossed the street quickly. Grabbing a branch from a cut-down tree, he jumped in through the window. “Stop right there! You must leave right now！” he called out, holding the branch with both hands.
[4]The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief. “Hey, kid, put that down. It was my home. My parents used to live here and my father's watch was here，” he explained, trying to lift a floorboard.
[5]At that moment, the sounds of a police car echoed (回响) in the air. The man stood up in a panic, then ran through the house toward the window and jumped out. Kevin followed out and told the arriving police officers what had happened. They pursued and arrested the man.
[6]Kevin went back to Mrs. Hill's house. Somehow he wasn't sure he had done the right thing. “What if he has told the truth？” he thought to himself. The man's words sounded pretty convincing.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
When Mr. and Mrs. Green got home, Kevin went to talk to them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Kevin and Mr. Green took the watch they had found to the police station.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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[1]12-year-old good boy, Kevin was left in the care of Mrs. Hill next door when his parents were busy. He was bored, sighed, and paid attention to a movement outside.
[2]With his heart in his mouth, Kevin called the police after seeing a mysterious man break in Mr. and Mrs. Green's house, right across the street from Mrs. Hill's front window.
[3]Kevin rushed out, grabbed a branch, jumped in through the window, and shouted at the man to stop．
[4]The man froze briefly, then relaxed when he saw Kevin was skinny, and explained he was looking for his father's watch．
[5][6]The man panicked when he heard the police, ran away, and was arrested; Kevin felt unsure if he had made the right choice, as the man's words sounded convincing．
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Kevin followed his sense of justice to stop the man breaking in, and finally proved his courage and correctness, realizing that standing up for what is right is valuable even when feeling scared.
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 三构思——构思每段三个微情节
根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Kevin talk to Mr. and Mrs. Green
[Answer] Kevin explained everything that had happened, including the man's story about the watch.
[Question 2] How would Mr. and Mrs. Green react, and what would they do next
[Answer] Mr. and Mrs. Green were shocked, then calmed down, and followed Kevin to the spot where the man tried to lift the floorboard.
[Question 3] What did they find there, and how did it connect to the second paragraph
[Answer] They found a hidden compartment under the floorboard with an old gold watch, and decided to go to the police station to explain everything.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Kevin and Mr. Green do at the police station
[Answer] They handed the watch to a police officer and explained the whole situation in detail.
[Question 2] What was the police officer's reaction and response
[Answer] The officer listened carefully, assured them the matter would be thoroughly investigated, and praised Kevin for doing the right thing.
[Question 3] How did Kevin feel after that, and what lesson did he learn
[Answer] Kevin felt relieved, reflected on the day's events, and realized that standing up for what is right is worth the fear and uncertainty.
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特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
One possible version：
When Mr. and Mrs. Green got home, Kevin went to talk to them. “Mr. Green, something happened while you were away，” Kevin stammered, explaining everything that had happened, from witnessing someone breaking into their house to rushing over to stop him with the branch. He even told them about the man's story regarding the watch. Mr. Green's eyes widened in shock, but he quickly regained his calmness. Guided by Kevin's trembling finger, they made their way to the spot where Kevin had seen the man trying to lift the floorboard. Mr. Green knelt down and carefully opened it.To their astonishment, there was a small hidden compartment under the board, and inside it lay an old gold watch. “We have to go to the police station and tell them everything，” Mr. Green said, his voice filled with determination.
Kevin and Mr. Green took the watch they had found to the police station. Handing the watch to an officer, Mr. Green explained the situation. The officer listened attentively, his eyes narrowing in thought. “You did the right thing, Kevin. The matter will be investigated thoroughly，” the officer assured them, giving Kevin's shoulder a hearty pat. With a deep sigh, Kevin felt a wave of relief wash over him, the weight of the past few hours melting away. As they left the station, Kevin couldn't help but reflect on the day's events. He realized that standing up for what is right, even when it is scary, is worth every moment of fear and uncertainty. His courage had made a difference, and that was a feeling he would cherish forever.INCLUDEPICTURE "英RJXZX必X1U1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "英RJXZX必X1U1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
[近义词]　vital/important/significant/critical/essential
vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
commit vt.承诺；保证；做出；犯(罪或错等)　vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
[派生词]　commitment n．忠诚；投入；奉献；承诺
academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校
[派生词]　academic adj.学业的；学术的　n．高等院校教师
[短语]　academic performance 学业成绩
objective n．目标；目的　adj.客观的
object n. 物体；物品；对象；宗旨；宾语　v. 反对，拒绝
[派生词]　objection n．反对；异议
[近义词]　goal/aim/purpose/intention
[反义词]　subjective adj.主观的
botanical adj.植物学的
botany n．植物学；地区植物总称
[派生词]　botanist n．植物学家
evaluate vt.评价；评估
[派生词]　evaluation n．评价；评估
property n．性质；特征；财产；房地产
distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；截然不同的，有区别的；无疑的；明显的
[派生词]　distinction n．区别，差别；杰出，卓越　distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的
[近义词]　obvious/clear/evident/apparent
[短语]　be distinct from与……不同
extract n．提取物；摘录　vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出；得到
boil v．(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开；发怒，发火　n．沸腾；沸点
[派生词]　boiling adj.炽热的　boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的
[短语]　boil with anger勃然大怒
liquid n．液体　adj.液体的；液态的
[联想]　solid n．固体　adj.固体的　gas n．气体
obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
[近义词]　get/gain/acquire/attain/win/secure
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢；告知收悉；致意
[派生词]　acknowledgement n．承认；感谢
defeat n．失败；挫败　vt.击败；战胜
[近义词]　beat/conquer　[反义词]　lose v．被打败；输掉
analyse(NAmE -ze) vt.分析
[派生词]　analysis (pl.analyses) n．分析　analyst n．分析师
[联想]　basis (pl. bases) n．基础　crisis (pl. crises) n．危机
apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的
[近义词]　evidently/obviously/clearly
substance n．物质；物品；事实根据；主旨；要点
[近义词]　material/matter/stuff
insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的
science n．科学
[派生词]　scientist n．科学家　scientifically adv.合乎科学地
mostly adv.主要地；一般地
most adv.最；非常　pron.大多数；最多(大)　adj.最多(大)的
wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
conclusion n．结论；推论
conclude vt.断定；推断出；得出结论；(使)结束
[派生词]　conclusive adj.令人信服的，确凿的
flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
[近义词]　escape
circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
novelist n．小说家
novel n．(长篇)小说　adj.新颖的；珍奇的
flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动；流畅
[短语]　go with the flow随大溜
chart n．图表　vt.记录；制订计划
[近义词]　diagram/figure/illustration/graph
found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在；铸造
[派生词]　foundation n．创建；地基；基础；基金会　founder n．创建者；创始人
[近义词]　establish/build/construct/institute
infer vt.推断；推定
[派生词]　inference n．推理；推论；推断
[近义词]　conclude/imply/reason/judge
politician n．从政者；政治家；政客
politics n．政治；政治活动
[派生词]　political adj.政治的；党派的
numerous adj.众多的；许多的
theory n．理论；学说
[派生词]　theoretical adj.理论上的；假设的
[短语]　theory and practice理论和实践　in theory 理论上
relativity n．相对论；相对性
formula n．公式；方程式；配方
genius n．天才；天资；天赋；才能；本领
[近义词]　talent/gift/aptitude/faculty
[短语]　have a genius for有……的才能
gentle adj.温柔的；文静的
[派生词]　gently adv.温柔地；和缓地；温和地　gentleness n．和蔼；温和；温柔
[近义词]　soft/mild/kind　[反义词]　wild adj.狂暴的
patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利　adj.有专利的；受专利保护的　v．获得专利
passion n．酷爱；激情
[派生词]　passionate adj.狂热的；热爱的
[短语]　have a passion for.../be passionate about...酷爱……
extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
[近义词]　exceptional/outstanding/remarkable/unexpected/incredible/unbelievable
[反义词]　ordinary/moderate/usual adj.一般的；寻常的
gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的
come to power (开始)掌权；上台
institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗；设立
institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 v．建立；制定；实行
consequence n．结果；后果
consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的
[近义词]　result/outcome/finding/effect
[派生词]　consequently adv.因此；所以；结果
take up a position 担任；任职
moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
[近义词]　beard
encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到　n．邂逅；遭遇
[近义词]　come across/run into/meet...by chance/run across
professor n．教授
[联想]　profession n．职业；行业　professional adj.职业的，专业的　n．专业人士
mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
[派生词]　mournful adj.悲哀的；令人惋惜的
[近义词]　sorrow
brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的
remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
remark n．谈论；言论；评述　v．谈论；评论；说起
[派生词]　remarkably adv.非凡地；引人注目地
device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
sum vt.总结；概括　n．金额；款项；总数；总和
[近义词]　total
[派生词]　summary n．总结；摘要；概要　summariz(s)e vt.& vi.总结；概括；概述
[短语]　sum up总结；概括　in sum 总而言之；大体上
a large sum of一大笔；大量的
draft n．草稿；草案；(钻进某处的)风　vt.起草；草拟；选派；抽调
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[Qualities]
hard-working adj. 工作努力的
determined adj. 坚定的
creative adj. 有创造力的
devoted/dedicated adj. 投入的
strong-minded/strong-willed adj. 意志坚定的
persevering/perseverant adj. 坚韧不拔的
ambitious adj. 有雄心的
persistent adj. 坚持不懈的
[Achievements]
earn/win the admiration of... 赢得……的钦佩
make great contributions to... 为……作出巨大贡献
have a great/significant/profound effect/influence/impact on...
对……有巨大/重要/深远影响
make important/significant/profound/world-changing discoveries
有重要/重大/深远/改变世界的发现
achieve one's ambition/make one's dream come true
实现某人的梦想
话题佳句
1.Despite being born into poverty, he became a renowned scientist whose discoveries revolutionized modern medicine.　尽管出身贫寒，他成了一位著名科学家，其发现彻底改变了现代医学。
2．She not only graduated at the top of her class, but also went on to establish a global nonprofit that has helped millions.
她不仅以全班第一的成绩毕业，还创立了一个全球性非营利组织，帮助了数百万人。
Period 1　Reading and Thinking
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What's mainly talked about in the passage
A．The Nobel Prize.
B．A Nobel Prize winner.
C．The process of the research.
D．A new treatment for malaria.
答案：B
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1．What can we learn about the selection of Tu Youyou for the malaria research team in 1967
A．She was the only female researcher in the team.
B．She was one of the first scientists chosen for the project.
C．Her graduation from Peking University was the sole reason for selection.
D．She had already studied malaria in Hainan before joining the team.
2．Why did Tu Youyou's team initially fail to extract effective substances
A．They used fresh wormwood instead of dried leaves.
B．The boiling process destroyed the medical properties.
C．They tested fewer than 100 types of extraction methods.　
D．The ancient medical texts provided incorrect guidance.
3．Which inference can be reasonably drawn from the passage
A．Artemisinin is the only effective treatment for malaria worldwide.
B．Tu Youyou's team completed the research without any government support.
C．Traditional Chinese medicine contributed significantly to the discovery of artemisinin.
D．The team succeeded in the first clinical trial on malaria patients.
4．What is the author's purpose
A．To introduce Tu's achievement.
B．To explain how to treat malaria.
C．To list Nobel Prize winners.
D．To criticize old medical texts.
答案：1～4.BBCA
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1．This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.(Para.1)
[分析]　此句是复合句。whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，whose在从句中作定语；a crucial new treatment for malaria作同位语，解释说明artemisinin的具体内容。
[翻译]　今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖被授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，而青蒿素是一种治疗疟疾的关键性新型药物。
2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.(Para.2)
[分析]　此句是由and连接的并列句。chosen为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the first researchers。
[翻译]　1967年，中国政府组建了一支以发现疟疾新型疗法为目标的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
3．She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.(Para.3)
[分析]　此句是由and连接的并列句。“suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood”为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰one sentence。
[翻译]　她又分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，这句话建议她用另一种方法来处理青蒿。
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Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．a crucial new discovery 一种关键性的新发现
2．play a vital role in our society 在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用
3．evaluate soil environmental quality 评价土壤环境质量
4．drink boiled water 喝开水
5．the transition from liquid to vapour 从液体到蒸气的转化
6．obtain reliable evidence 获得可靠的证据
7．acknowledge the necessity of reform 承认改革的必要性
8．defeat the opponent 击败对手
9．apparently not satisfied 显然不满意
10．find a substance that works 发现一种有效的物质
11．insist on going to the football match 坚持去看足球赛
12．mostly sunny 以晴天为主
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．committed [k 'm t d] adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n．忠诚；投入；奉献；承诺
2．academy[ 'k d mi] n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
3．objective[ b'd ekt v] n．目标；目的 adj.客观的→(反义词) subjective adj.主观的→object n．物体；物品 v．反对，拒绝→objection n．反对；异议
4．botanical[b 't n kl] adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学；地区植物总称→botanist n．植物学家
5．distinct[d 'st ?kt] adj.清晰的；清楚的；截然不同的；有区别的；无疑的；明显的→distinction n．区别，差别；杰出，卓越→distinctive adj.独特的，与众不同的
6．analyse[' n la z] vt.分析→analysis n．分析→analyst n．分析师
7．scientific[ sa n't f k] adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientifically adv.合乎科学地→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The sudden heavy rainfall led to (导致) severe flooding in the low-lying areas where many villagers lived.
2．They graduated from (毕业于) the same high school where they first met and became lifelong friends.
3．The scientist noticed the special reaction by chance (偶然) when she was doing an experiment that focused on chemical reactions.
4．In order to complete the project ahead of schedule, the team insisted on (坚持) working extra hours every weekend.
5．He committed himself to (致力于) mastering the piano, practicing for at least two hours every day even on busy weekends.
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．whose引导非限制性定语从句
This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin(她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现), a crucial new treatment for malaria.(Para.1)
2．过去分词作后置定语
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen (首批入选的研究人员).(Para.2)
3．动词不定式作目的状语
In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease (以寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法).(Para.2)
4．that引导宾语从句
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties (煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用特性).(Para.3)
5．“Upon/On doing...”意为“当……时；一……就……”
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize(当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时), she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.”(Para.4)
6．“It is an honour for...to do sth.”意为“对……来说，做某事是一种荣幸。”
It is indeed an honour for(对……来说这确实是一种荣幸) China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread(被传播) around the world.(Para.4)
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vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
【经典例句】 Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.　了解历史对于认识我们这个民族和我们这个国家而言是至关重要的。
be vital to/for... 对……极为重要
be of vital importance 至关重要
It is vital (for...) to do sth. (对……来说)做某事至关重要。
It is vital that...(should) do sth. 至关重要的是……做某事。
【补全句子/一句多译】
(1)(译林选必三U2)Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health(对宇航员的健康至关重要).
(2)我们立即采取措施减少塑料垃圾至关重要，因为塑料垃圾会对海洋生物造成严重危害。
→It is vital for us to take immediate measures to reduce plastic waste, as it causes serious harm to marine life.
→It is vital that we (should) take immediate measures to reduce plastic waste, as it causes serious harm to marine life.[应用文写作之环保]
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committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
【经典例句】 (教材P2) Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦是一位尽心尽力且有耐心的科学家，她于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
(1)be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
(2)commit vt. 承诺；保证；犯(罪或错等)
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (do/doing) sth. 承诺；保证(做某事、
遵守协议或安排等)；致力于，投身于
(3)commitment n. 忠诚；投入；奉献；承诺
make a commitment to (do/doing) sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)Although the training is tough, all the athletes commit themselves to it, hoping to win honors for their country.
(2)The government made a commitment to plant/planting (plant) 10 million trees by 2030, which will help improve air quality in northern regions.
(3)(2023·天津卷3月)因为致力于帮助有需要的人摆脱困境，我们的班长被称作“活雷锋”。
Committing himself to/Committed to helping those in need out of trouble, our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”. (分词短语作原因状语)
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acknowledge vt.承认(属实，权威等)；(公开)感谢
【经典例句】 What I really admire is that she has acknowledged that good health makes us not only more beautiful but happier!
我真正钦佩的是她承认健康不仅使我们更美丽，还使我们更快乐！
(1)acknowledge...to be/as... 承认……是/为……
acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...
……是大家所公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Though Tom acknowledged being beaten/having been beaten(beat) in the English Speech Competition, his determined look showed that he would never give up.
(2)(2024·全国甲卷)众所周知，在过去的几十年里，中国的交通有了巨大的发展，使中国人有了不同的出行方式。
→Chinese transport is widely acknowledged to have seen great development in the past decades, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
→It is widely acknowledged that Chinese transport has seen great development in the past decades，giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
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defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
【经典例句】 The reason why we suffered a defeat was that we hadn't made full preparations.
我们遭受失败的原因是我们没有做好充分的准备。
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
face defeat 面对失败
acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败；认输
【单句语法填空/补全句子】
(1)Although defeated (defeat) in the final match, the team didn't lose their confidence and kept training hard.
(2)When we face defeat(面对失败), we can choose to learn from it instead of admitting/acknowledging defeat(认输) and giving up our goals.
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apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
【经典例句】 No one else can be a better choice than you, for apparently your name alone will be the best advertisement for our programme.
没有人比你更适合，因为很显然，单单你的名字就将是我们节目最好的宣传了。
(1)As is apparently shown/mentioned above...
正如上面明显展示/提到的那样……
(2)apparent adj. 显而易见的
It is apparent that... 显然……
【补全句子/句式升级】
(1)As is apparently mentioned above (正如上面明显提到的那样), honesty is the foundation of all relationships, which can help us gain others' trust.
(2)Apparently, regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining good health.
→It is apparent that regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining good health.
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insist vi.& vt．坚持；坚决要求
【经典例句】 (教材P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保其安全性。
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
(2)insist(坚决要求/主张他人做某事) that...，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should) do
(3)insist(坚持说/认为，陈述自身观点或事实) that...，从句用陈述语气
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)The doctor insisted that the patient (should) rest (rest) for at least two weeks and that his condition would improve (improve) with proper treatment.
(2)老师坚持让学生在课堂上使用英语，这有助于快速提高他们的口语能力。
→The teacher insists on students using English in class, which helps improve their speaking skills quickly.
→The teacher insists that students (should) use English in class, which helps improve their speaking skills quickly.
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“Upon/On doing...” 意为“当……时；一……就……”
【经典例句】 (教材P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我们国家的全体人民。”
引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”的英文表达还有：
(1)as soon as；
(2)immediately、instantly、directly；
(3)the moment、the minute、the instant、the second；
(4)no sooner...than...、hardly/scarcely...when...(当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装)
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)No sooner had she finished her speech than the audience broke into loud applause.[读后续写之场景描写]
(2)Instantly (instant) the rain stopped, the children ran outside to fly their kites in the park.
(3)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写) 看着托比轻轻将头靠在我弟弟的腿上，我知道我们终于踏上了治愈之路。
→On watching Toby gently rest his head on my brother's leg, I knew we were finally on the path to healing.(on doing...)
→Hardly did I watch Toby gently rest his head on my brother's leg when I knew we were finally on the path to healing. (hardly...when...)
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“It is an honour for...to do sth.”意为“对……来说，做某事是一种荣幸。”
【经典例句】
①(教材P3)It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.　中国的科研和中医药能够在全世界传播，这确实是一种荣幸。
②(外研选必一U5)It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.　人们知道植物使用化学物质相互交流已经有一段时间了。
it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity、a fact、a good idea、no wonder...)＋that从句；
(2)It＋be＋形容词(strange、important、vital、necessary、obvious、possible...)＋that从句；
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...)＋that从句；
(4)It＋特殊动词/动词短语(strike、hit、occur to...)＋sb.＋that从句。
【完成句子】
(1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)据估计，到 2050 年，全球电力需求可能会增加一倍以上。
It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.
(2)我突然意识到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有巨大的魅力和价值。
It struck/hit/occurred to me that traditional culture like tea culture is of great charm and huge value.
(3)难怪春节被视为中国最重要的节日，因为它承载着阖家团圆与开启新篇的价值内核。
It is no wonder that the Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival in China, as it carries the values of family reunion and new beginnings.
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Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October 2015 because of the 1.discovery (discover) of artemisinin.
Tu Youyou, a 2.committed (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated 3.from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of 4.scientists(scientist) with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 5.chosen(choose). In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 6.to find (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7.using(use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu's team overcame numerous difficulties and 8.finally(final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, 9.which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
This success proves the great value of Chinese medicine. It is indeed 10.an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．(外研选必三U6) She made a crucial (至关重要的) but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people.
2．(2025·浙江卷1月) Even the most engaged and committed (专注的) audience will eventually get bored.
3．(外研选必一U6) We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.
4．(译林选必三U3) Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.
5．The school encourages students to participate in scientific experiments to develop critical thinking.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．Having a balanced diet is vital to/for athletes (对运动员至关重要) because it ensures they get enough nutrients to maintain peak performance.
2．She is committed to mastering a new language (致力于掌握一门新语言), even though it requires daily practice.
3．We must acknowledge this failure to be/as a valuable lesson (承认这次失败是一次宝贵的教训) that will help us avoid similar mistakes in the future.
4．Despite being sick, he insisted on going to work (坚持去上班) because there was an important meeting.
5．It is not whether you suffer a defeat (遭受失败) that defines you, but how you choose to respond to it.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Marie Curie: A Scientific Pioneer
Marie Curie is a great scientist 1.whose work changed the world (她的工作改变了世界；whose引导定语从句). Born in Poland, she moved to Paris to study. 2.Upon discovering that uranium emits rays [一发现铀(uranium)元素会发出射线；upon doing...], she committed herself to understanding this mystery. Her research led to the discovery of two new elements: polonium and radium.
3．It was a great honour for her to win a Nobel Prize (获得诺贝尔奖对她来说是一份莫大的荣誉：It was an honour for...to do sth.), and an even greater one to win a second Nobel Prize in another field. Driven by a strong will, she never stopped her work. She dedicated her life to science, often working in a simple lab 4.known for its poor conditions (以其简陋的条件著称的；过去分词短语作后置定语).
During World War Ⅰ， she created mobile X-ray units, located close to the front lines, 5.to help wounded soldiers(以帮助受伤的士兵；动词不定式作目的状语). The achievements made by her and her husband laid the foundation for modern physics and medicine.
Marie Curie, remembered for her brilliance and courage, is an inspiration to all. She truly was a remarkable woman 6.who committed herself entirely to the pursuit of knowledge (全身心投入对知识的追求；who引导定语从句).Period 3　Using Language
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What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Albert Einstein's achievements.
B．Albert Einstein's biography.
C．Albert Einstein's contributions.
D．Albert Einstein's love for his country.
答案：B
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1．What made Einstein win the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics
A．His general theory of relativity.
B．His formula E＝mc2.
C．His four physics papers.
D．His description of the photoelectric effect.
2．Why did the author give the example of a little girl
A．To show Einstein was a great scientist.
B．To show Einstein was a strict person.
C．To show Einstein was a friendly person.
D．To show Einstein didn't care about fame.
3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To introduce Einstein's contributions to the world.
B．To introduce Einstein's winding life in Germany.
C．To show that Einstein is a genius in physics and maths.
D．To let the world know more about Einstein by his life and achievements.
4．How does the author develop the passage
A．By time order.
B．By space order.
C．By analyzing cause and result.
D．By using specific figures.
答案：1～4.DCDA
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Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．social and political circumstances 社会和政治环境
2．traffic flow 交通流量
3．a weather chart 天气图
4．infer the conclusion from the given evidence
从给出的证据中推断出这个结论
5．combine theory with practice 将理论与实践结合
6．a statesman of genius 天才政治家
7．apply for a patent on an invention 申请发明专利权
8．have a passion for knowledge 对知识充满热爱
9．an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就
10．disappear gradually 逐渐消失
11．encounter an old friend 偶然碰到一位老朋友
12．household electrical devices 家用电器
13．a large sum of money 一大笔钱
14．the first draft of the speech 演讲稿初稿
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．conclusion [k n'klu n] n．结论；推论→conclude v．推断出；得出结论；(使)结束
2．novelist ['n v lIst] n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的
3．found [fa nd] vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．地基；基础；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人
4．politician [ p l 'tI n] n．从政者；政治家；政客→politics n．政治；政治活动
5．gentle ['d entl] adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；和缓地
6．consequence ['k nsIkw ns] n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以；结果
7．professor [pr 'fes (r)] n．教授→profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.职业的，专业的 n．专业人士
8．remarkable [rI'mɑ k bl] adj.非凡的；显著的→remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Due to (由于) a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
2．When the new government came to power (上台), it promised to focus on economic reforms, which gave people hope.
3．Although he was offered a higher salary elsewhere, he took up a position (任职) at a nonprofit organization that focuses on education.
4．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away (去世) a few months earlier.
5. The professor asks each student to sum up (总结) the main argument of the article that we read last week.
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．It＋特殊动词(短语)＋sb.＋that从句
It struck him that(他突然意识到) the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.
[分析]　此句中还有what引导的宾语从句。
2．who引导非限制性定语从句
Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist(也许是最伟大的科学家) in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.(Para.1)
3．现在分词短语作结果状语
After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900(于1896年进入了大学，1900年毕业).(Para.2)
4．状语从句的省略
While working there(在那里工作时), out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(Para.3)
[分析]　此句中还含有现在分词短语作结果状语。
5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him(发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了).(Para.4)
6．as though引导方式状语从句
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock(好像他刚遭到电击似的).(Para.5)
[分析]　此句中还含有which引导的非限制性定语从句。
7．“it is/was reported that...”意为“据报道……”
On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away(据报道，爱因斯坦去世了), and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(Para.6)
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conclusion n.结论；推论
【经典例句】 (译林选必二 U1)When we come across such factual differences，we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.
当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应该急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误的信息。
(1)draw/reach/come to/arrive at/get to a conclusion
得出结论
rush to a conclusion 急于下结论
in conclusion 总而言之
(2)conclude v. 推断出；得出结论；(使)结束
conclude from... 从……中推断出
conclude (sth.) with sth.(by doing...) (通过做……)以某事结束(某事)
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)She concluded her speech with a powerful quote that inspired everyone in the audience.
(2)我们可以从这些数据中得出结论：规律运动能降低患病风险；总而言之，坚持锻炼对我们的健康有益。
We can draw/come to/reach/arrive at/get to a conclusion from/conclude from the data that regular exercise reduces the risk of illness; in conclusion, keeping exercising is good for our health.
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circumstance n.条件；环境；状况
【经典例句】 Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back.　一旦我们做出选择，在大多数情况下，就不会再回头了。
(1)in/under no circumstances 无论如何都不(位于句首时，
句子用部分倒装)
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下
in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
(2)if circumstances permit 如果情况允许
【补全句子/句式升级】
(1)I would like to extend my stay for a few more days to explore the city further, if circumstances permit(如果情况允许).
(2)Students may use mobile phones during examinations under no circumstances, as this is considered cheating.
→Under no circumstances may students use mobile phones during examinations, as this is considered cheating. (倒装)
INCLUDEPICTURE "联想发散LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "联想发散LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　表示“绝不”的短语还有by no means、in no way、in no case、on no account、on no condition、at no time、in no sense。
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passion n.酷爱；激情
【经典例句】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.
多诺霍女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。
(1)with passion 富有激情
have a passion for... 对……情有独钟；酷爱……
(2)passionate adj. 热诚的，狂热的
be passionate about... 对……充满激情
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
(2)She spoke about environmental protection with great passion, which inspired everyone present to take action to protect this precious home we share.
(3)如果你对学习抱有热情，你会发现教育变成了一段快乐的旅程，而不是一种负担。
If you have a passion for learning, you will find that education becomes a joyful journey rather than a burden.
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come to/into power (开始)掌权；上台
【经典例句】 Having witnessed the hardships of the people, the young leader devoted himself wholeheartedly to serving the country as soon as he came to power.
目睹过民众的艰辛，这个年轻领导人一上台就全心全意为国家效力。
(1)be in power 掌权，执政 (表示状态，
可以和一段时间连用)
have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及的
do everything in one's power 尽力而为；竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的
【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】
(1)(2023·北京卷)I could tell they weren't making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell(tell) a funny story.
(2)The mayor has been in power for five years (已执政五年), yet reducing traffic congestion is still beyond/out of his power (超出他的能力) due to limited city budgets.
(3)(2023·天津卷6月)我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。
We needn't bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us．
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consequence n.结果；后果
【经典例句】 We cooperated closely with one another, in consequence, our team finished the task perfectly ahead of time.　我们彼此紧密协作，因此，我们团队提前圆满完成了任务。
(1)as a consequence/in consequence＝as a result
因此；结果
as a consequence of/in consequence of＝as a result of
由于……；作为……的结果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequently adv. 因此；所以；结果
【词汇升级/完成句子】
(1)She didn't study hard for the exam and spent most of her time playing games; consequently, she failed the exam miserably.
→She didn't study hard for the exam and spent most of her time playing games; as a consequence/in consequence/as a result, she failed the exam miserably.
(2)由于昨晚下大雨，市里的道路被淹，在早高峰时段造成了严重的交通堵塞。
As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of the heavy rain last night, the roads in the city were flooded, causing serious traffic jams during the morning rush hour.
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take up a position 担任；任职
【经典例句】 Since I took up a position as the head student, I have been occupied preparing for a brand-new program titled “Talk and Talk”．
自从我担任负责人以来，我一直忙于准备一个全新的名为 “Talk and Talk” 的节目。
take up 接受；开始从事(某项活动);
占据(时间或空间)
take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take over 接管；接手
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
【语境辨义/补全语段】
(1)(2023·全国乙卷满分作文)I asked my parents to allow me to take up a piano lesson for beginners.开始从事
(2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 接受
(3)At the age of 18, he took over his father's company(接管了他父亲的公司). As a chief manager, he took in a number of talents(吸纳了许多人才), which made his company take on a new look (呈现新面貌). At last, his career took off(他的事业腾飞了).
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sum vt.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
【经典例句】 To sum up, reading widely improves not only vocabulary but also critical thinking, which is essential for academic success.
总之，广泛阅读不仅能提升词汇量，还能增强批判性思维，这对学业成功至关重要。
sum up 总结；概括
to sum up 总之；概括地说
a large sum of 一大笔；大量的
【完成句子】
(1)这所大学花了一大笔钱购买新的实验设备，大大改善了学生的实践学习体验。
The university spent a large sum of money on new lab equipment, which greatly improved students' hands-on learning experience.
(2)在演讲中，他通过讲述一个打动全场的故事，概括了友谊的力量。
In his speech, he summed up the power of friendship by sharing a story that moved everyone in the audience.
INCLUDEPICTURE "联想发散LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "联想发散LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　表示“总之”的短语还有in conclusion、in short、in brief、 all in all、 to conclude、 in a word等。
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状语从句的省略
【经典例句】 (教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
教材原句中“While working there”是状语从句的省略结构，补充完整为：“While he was working there”。状语从句的省略条件：
(1)当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词；
(2)如果从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词，可以省略it和be动词。
【单句语法填空/句型转换】
(1)(译林必修三U2) Its walls were fresh as if painted(paint) yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
(2)(2025·北京卷) This year, with an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling (tell) myself I was that cool senior.
(3)You can ask your teacher for help if it is necessary, and he will always be ready to answer your questions.
→You can ask your teacher for help if necessary, and he will always be ready to answer your questions. (省略)
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find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
【经典例句】
①(教材P8)Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
②(译林必修一U3) We often find it easier to recognize other people's weaknesses than our own.
我们经常发现，意识到别人的不足比认识到自己的弱点更容易。
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构形式归纳：
(1)find＋宾语＋
(2)find＋it＋adj./n.＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(北师大必修一U1)I'm Joe, a student from London. You'll often find me sitting(sit) in front of my laptop.
(2)(2025·北京卷) The following day, called to the headmaster's office, I found myself accused (accuse) of stealing the missing parts.
(3)当她弟弟在隔壁房间吵闹时，她很难集中精力学习。
She finds it hard to concentrate on her studies when her younger brother is making noise in the next room.
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Albert Einstein, 1.who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, made numerous contributions to the world. To the public, Einstein was seen as a 2.slightly (slight) odd-looking but kind and funny man. He sometimes forgot things，like his friends' birthdays. But he was loved by his friends and neighbours.
This gentle genius was born in Germany 3. on 14 March 1879. When he was 17, he managed 4.to pass (pass) the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
While working as 5.a clerk in the Swiss patent office, he continued to study, 6.earning (earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. And in 1922, he 7.was awarded (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
When Hitler came to power in Germany，Einstein found the doors of academic institutions 8.closed (close) to him. He had to flee Germany. Then, he continued to make great 9.achievements (achieve) in physics and maths.
On 18 April 1955, 10. it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
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Ⅰ.品句填词
1．After reviewing all the evidence, the scientists reached a conclusion that climate change is accelerating faster than expected.
2．(2025·北京卷)Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances(状况).
3．Harvard University, which was founded in 1636, is the oldest higher education institution in the United States.
4．(2025·北京卷)My father gently (轻柔地) asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions.
5．(2024·浙江卷1月) She also made a point of exploring the building during her free time, so that she could gradually (逐渐地) become familiar with the different hallways and rooms.
6．(2025·浙江卷1月) Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences (结果) of their decisions.
7．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered (遇到).
8．With the help of the language learning devices (设备) in the school, we can practice oral English bravely and make rapid progress.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．As a consequence of/In consequence of his hard work (由于他的努力), he was admitted to his dream university.
2．After graduation, she took up a position as a teacher (担任教师) at a rural middle school, where she devoted herself to helping students broaden their horizons.
3．After we read the long article about environmental protection, the teacher asked us to sum up the main idea (总结大意) in three sentences.
4．My classmate Lily has a passion for classical music (热爱古典音乐), the reason for which is that she has been learning to play the piano since she was 8 years old.
5．In conclusion (总之), friendship is not about how long you've known someone, but whether they stand by you when you're at your lowest.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Helen Keller, 1.who became deaf and blind at 19 months old (19个月大时失聪失明；who引导非限制性定语从句), is one of history's most remarkable figures. 2.It is reported that (据报道) her teacher Anne Sullivan 3.found young Helen completely isolated (发现年幼的海伦完全与世隔绝；find＋宾语＋宾语补足语), unable to communicate with the outside world. Through persistent teaching, Sullivan helped Keller learn language, 4.breaking through what seemed like an impossible barrier (突破了看似不可能的障碍；现在分词短语作结果状语).
5．It struck people across the world that Keller mastered multiple languages and graduated from college [让世人震惊的是，凯勒掌握了多种语言并从大学毕业；It＋特殊动词(短语)＋sb.＋that从句], 6.as though her disabilities had never existed (仿佛她的残疾从未存在过；as though引导方式状语从句). She became a famous author and activist, which inspired millions with disabilities worldwide. Keller traveled to over 40 countries, delivering speeches about hope and perseverance.
Her life proves that limitations exist only in the mind, just as her achievements shattered all expectations.Period 4　Writing
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写作一　应用文写作(人物介绍类)
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请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍一位你最钦佩的中国科学家，内容包括：
1.生平简介；
2.主要成就。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step1LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　审题谋篇
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INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "step2LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 　遣词造句
INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "箭头灰.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 巧妙对接单元词汇
1．obtain vt. 获得；赢得
2．acknowledge vt. 承认
3．scientific adj. 科学(上)的
4．commit oneself to 致力于
5．found vt. 创建；建立
6．theory n. 理论；学说
7．passion n. 酷爱；激情
8．institute n. 机构
9．take up a position 担任；任职
10．remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
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[第一段]　简要介绍人物的生平
1．邓稼先被誉为“中国核弹之父”。
Deng Jiaxian is acknowledged as “the father of China's nuclear bomb”．
2．邓稼先是我最钦佩的科学家。(who引导定语从句)
Deng Jiaxian is the scientist who I admire most.
[第二段]　介绍人物的经历、事迹以及取得的成就
3．他于1924年出生于安徽省。
He was born in 1924 in Anhui Province.
4．他热爱学习，并于1950年在美国普渡大学获得博士学位。
He had a passion for study and obtained his doctor's degree from Purdue University in America in 1950.
5．一回到国内，他就在一所科研机构任职，致力于中国核弹和氢弹的研发。(Upon/On doing...；非限制性定语从句)
Upon/On returning to China, he took up a position at a scientific research institute，where he committed himself to the development of China's nuclear and hydrogen bombs.
6．他在物理学领域创立了许多开创性的理论。
He founded many groundbreaking theories in the field of physics.
[第三段]　简要评价人物
7．邓稼先为我国的发展作出了卓越的贡献，作为杰出的科学家，他将永远被铭记。
Deng Jiaxian made remarkable contributions to the development of our country and will always be remembered as an outstanding scientist.
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8．用分词短语作状语合并句1和句2
Acknowledged as “the father of China's nuclear bomb”， Deng Jiaxian is the scientist who I admire most.
9．用分词短语作状语合并句3和句4
Born in 1924 in Anhui Province, he had a passion for study and obtained his doctor's degree from the Purdue University in America in 1950.
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Acknowledged as “the father of China's nuclear bomb”， Deng Jiaxian is the scientist who I admire most.
Born in 1924 in Anhui Province, he had a passion for study and obtained his doctor's degree from Purdue University in America in 1950. Upon/On returning to China, he took up a position at a scientific research institute, where he committed himself to the development of China's nuclear and hydrogen bombs. He founded many groundbreaking theories in the field of physics. He died in Beijing in 1986.
Deng Jiaxian made remarkable contributions to the development of our country and will always be remembered as an outstanding scientist.
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假如今天是国际妇女节，英语课上老师要求你用英文介绍一名对你有深远影响的女性。要点如下：
1.她对你的影响；
2.你想对她说的话。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Today is International Women's Day. I'd like to introduce to you ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
One possible version：
Today is International Women's Day. I'd like to introduce to you a woman who has a positive effect on me. The great woman is my mother. Not only does my mother work hard at work, but she also takes good care of my father and me in life. Faced with difficulties or setbacks, she still carries on.
Here, I really want to say something to my dear mother. I've grown up and I'm able to deal with difficulties in life and study no matter how tough they are. As a student, I've made up my mind to study harder than before.
Best wishes to my beloved mother and all of you on this special day!
Thank you!
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第一段开门见山，简要介绍人物的个人信息 1.Li Ming, who was born in a small town in 1998, is now a college student majoring in English literature.李明1998年出生于一个小镇，如今是一名主修英国文学的大学生。2.Born in 1518, Li Shizhen was known as a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty.李时珍生于1518年，是明代著名的医学家。3.Having a gift for writing, he made up his mind to become a writer when he grew up.他有写作的天赋，下定决心长大后要成为一名作家。4.Being the eldest child in her family, Mary has developed a responsible and caring personality since she was young. 作为家里的长女，玛丽从小就养成了负责任且体贴的性格。5.Having a passion for environmental protection, Linda often takes part in volunteer activities on weekends.　琳达热衷于环保事业，经常在周末参加志愿者活动。
第二段介绍人物的经历、事迹以及取得的成就 1.After graduating from university, he worked as a volunteer teacher in a remote mountain village for two years.　大学毕业后，他在偏远山村当了两年支教老师。2.As a renowned writer, she has published 12 novels, three of which have been translated into 15 languages.作为著名作家，她已经出版 12 部小说，其中 3 部已经被翻译成 15 种语言。3.He dropped out of school at 16 but never gave up learning, teaching himself advanced math and physics.　他16岁辍学，但从未放弃学习，自学了高等数学和物理。4.She devoted 30 years to medical research and finally developed a new drug that cures the rare disease.　她投身医学研究 30 年，最终研发出治疗这种罕见病的新药。5.This musician composed over 100 pieces of music, many of which have become classic works in the music world. 这位音乐家创作了 100 多首乐曲，其中许多都成了音乐界的经典之作。
第三段简要评价人物 1.She is such a warm-hearted and responsible person that everyone around her likes to make friends with her. 她是一个如此热心又负责任的人，以至于身边的每个人都喜欢和她交朋友。2.She devoted her whole life to scientific research and her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.她毕生致力于科学研究，她的科学成果造福了全世界人民。3.Her optimistic attitude towards life has inspired many people who are going through hard times.她乐观的生活态度鼓舞了许多正处于困境中的人。4.As a great educator, her lifelong efforts to promote rural education have given thousands of underprivileged children the chance to change their lives through knowledge.作为一名伟大的教育家，她毕生致力于推动农村教育，让成千上万名贫困儿童获得了通过知识改变命运的机会。5.He is a humble and modest man who never shows off his achievements, even though he has made great contributions to the project. 他是一个谦逊低调的人，尽管为项目作出了巨大贡献，却从不炫耀自己的成就。
写作二　场景微续写(袁隆平：以稻济世，以心报国)
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词汇积累 [动作描写]　commit oneself to, acknowledge, defeat, analyse, insist on, flee, found, come to power, encounter, mourn[人物描写]　committed, academic, property, novelist, politician, genius, gentle, passion→passionate, extraordinary, moustache, peculiarity, professor, remarkable
佳句积累 [人物描写]　1.Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.2.Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.3.To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.[比喻]　He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.[主旨升华]　It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
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[场景呈现]　袁隆平教授是农业领域一位非凡的天才。他致力于解决粮食短缺问题，全身心投入杂交水稻研究中。他是一个心地善良、性格温和的人，且对工作充满热情。在他漫长的研究历程中，尽管他遇到了无数困难，但他坚持继续前进。他的辛勤工作最终使许多地区的饥饿问题得到解决。他的巨大贡献得到了世界的广泛认可。他不追求名利，而是将自己的一生都奉献给了人类的福祉。当他去世时，全世界的人们都为他哀悼。他的精神将始终激励我们勇敢面对挑战，为更美好的未来努力奋斗。
Professor Yuan Longping was an extraordinary genius in the field of agriculture. 1.Committed to solving the problem of food shortage (分词短语作状语), he devoted himself to hybrid-rice research. 2.He was a gentle man with a kind heart, and passionate about his work. In his long research journey, 3.though he encountered numerous difficulties (让步状语从句), 4.he insisted on moving forward. His hard work finally defeated hunger in many areas. 5.His great contributions were widely acknowledged by the world. He didn't seek fame or fortune but dedicated his whole life to the well-being of humanity. When he passed away, people all over the world mourned for him. His spirit will always inspire us to face challenges bravely and work hard for a better future.
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短语必记 1.dedicate oneself to 致力于2.give one's all 倾尽全力3.go above and beyond 全力以赴4.put one's heart and soul into 全心全意投入5.devote time and energy to 投入时间和精力于6.selfless dedication 无私奉献7.work tirelessly for... 不辞辛劳地为……工作8.sacrifice personal interests for... 牺牲个人利益以换取……
必背金句 1.Despite facing countless failures, she never gave up and finally achieved her goal with her extraordinary perseverance.尽管遭遇了无数次失败，她却从未放弃，凭借非凡的毅力最终实现了目标。2.His selfless dedication to the education of rural children has changed the fate of hundreds of kids over the past 30 years. 过去 30 年来，他对乡村儿童教育事业的无私奉献，改变了数百名孩子的命运。3.His dedication to the community service is truly inspiring; he volunteers every weekend to help the elderly and the disabled.他对社区服务的奉献精神着实令人鼓舞，他每个周末都会志愿帮助老人和残疾人。4.The teacher gave her all to ensure that every student received a quality education, which in turn helped students achieve their full potential.这位老师倾尽全力确保每个学生都能获得优质教育，这反过来帮助学生充分发挥他们的潜力。5.Because she dedicated her life to improving the lives of poor children, she has become a role model for many.因为她致力于改善贫困儿童的生活，她已经成为许多人的榜样。6.Her translation works have built a vital cultural bridge between China and Western countries, helping foreign readers understand the depth of traditional Chinese culture.她的翻译作品为中西方搭建了重要的文化桥梁，助力外国读者领略中国传统文化的深厚底蕴。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．He ignored the weather warning and went hiking alone; consequently (consequence), he got lost in the mountains when the storm hit.
2．As she practiced every day, her confidence gradually(gradual) grew until she could speak in front of large audiences without fear.
3．The teacher noticed that the student, who was usually quiet, became very talkative when discussing topics he is passionate(passion) about.
4．She closed the door gently(gentle) so that the baby, who was finally asleep, wouldn't wake up.
5．It is dangerous to make an inference (infer) about someone's personality just from their appearance, as first impressions can be misleading.
6．She couldn't come to a clear conclusion (conclude) about which university to attend because both offers had their advantages and disadvantages.
7．The novelist(novel), who grew up in a small village, often writes about rural life and the struggles of ordinary people.
8．The museum, founded (found) in memory of the war heroes, attracts thousands of visitors who want to learn about history.
9．Though some of the school's sports devices(device) have been used for years, they are still well-maintained and provided students with safe and reliable options for after-class exercises.
10．She made remarkable (remark) progress in just six months, which surprised her teachers.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．Although he comes from a small town, he has a passion for global cultures and has already visited more than twenty countries.
2．Since the leader came to/into power, many outdated laws have been changed to protect citizens' rights.
3．Under/In no circumstances will we abandon a teammate who is struggling with the group project, as mutual support is key to our success.
4．As a consequence of the heavy rain, the river flooded its banks, which forced hundreds of families to evacuate their homes.
5．Scientists concluded from the data collected over ten years that air pollution significantly increases the risk of heart disease.
6．When they heard the heartfelt apology, they found themselves lost (lose) for words because they hadn't expected such honesty.
7．When invited(invite) to your Chinese friend's home, you'd better arrive on time or a little earlier.
8．She practiced piano every day for two years, eventually winning(win) the first prize in the national competition.
9．It is reported that a powerful earthquake struck the coastal region early this morning, causing widespread damage.
10．Her singing career really took off after she won the national competition, where judges praised her unique voice.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．尽管很累，她还是熬夜完成了报告。(状语从句的省略)
Although tired, she stayed up to finish the report.
2．她认为每天早上看新闻很重要，这样她才能了解全球动态。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
She finds it important to check the news every morning so that she stays informed about global events.
3．从她在会议上的沉默，他得出结论：她不同意这项提案。
From her silence during the meeting, he drew the conclusion that she disagreed with the proposal．
4．在我看来，你有能力克服这些困难。因此，你绝不应该放弃。
As far as I am concerned, you have the power to overcome these difficulties and thus, under no circumstances should you give up．
5．由于这场大雨，许多航班延误，乘客不得不在机场等待数小时。
(1)As a/In consequence of the heavy rain, many flights were delayed, so passengers had to wait for hours at the airport.
(2)It was raining heavily, and as a/in consequence, many flights were delayed, so passengers had to wait for hours at the airport.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自北师大必修二U6】
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly onto the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s.The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. After hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria.
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned. In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. According to Tu Youyou, “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated”．
1．Where would you most likely find this passage
A．In a blog. B．In a book.
C．In a letter. D．In a newspaper.
2．What's the author's attitude towards Tu Youyou
A．Favourable. B．Negative.
C．Neutral. D．Objective.
3．What's the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Tu's life experience.
B．The discovery of a new medicine.
C．The cooperation of the team.
D．The fight against malaria.
4．What can we infer from what Tu Youyou said in the last paragraph
A．Doing is better than saying.
B．Many hands make light work.
C．There is no loyal way to success.
D．Experience is the mother of wisdom.
答案：1～4.DABB
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2026·金华高二期中)A remarkable map created by Wu Yunjie, a member of China's post-90s generation, gained significant attention izens expressed their amazement at the map's extensive and detailed markings, which clearly identify countless historic sites and cultural relics across the nation, representing an impressive effort to document the country's rich history.
Wu has a deep interest in cultural relics and history.When he was in college, he would often make use of his spare time to travel around the country, exploring and documenting ancient sites.In 2020, he started collecting information on cultural relic protection units and uploaded the data to the mapping software.
As some of the information is not fully disclosed and many historical sites in far areas cannot be located specifically, Wu spent a lot of time on research and carrying out on-site visits.
Now, the map includes nearly 10，000 historical landmarks with different colors standing for different kinds: Red signs show the cultural relic sites under state protection or the national-level museums, while green signs stand for the provincially protected historical sites.A lot of ancient temples, bridges and other architecture in the far areas are also marked on the map.A netizen posted, “I actually found the ancient tower around my house on the map！”
However, in Wu's eyes, the map is not perfect, as it recorded less than two percent of the over 760，000 immovable cultural relics registered in the country's third national survey of cultural relics.
But Wu has been working on improving it.“If possible, I'd also like to document the cultural relics that have been lost overseas.Those treasures may not be able to return to their homeland for the time being, but the stories that they carry are what we need to see.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国90后网民吴运杰绘制文化遗址的地图，以推广文化遗产，并计划完善地图、纳入流失海外的文物。
1．What can we learn about Wu Yunjie
A．He worked as a software engineer.
B．He has committed to improving the map.
C．He had a deep interest in travelling.
D．He was a young responsible netizen.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容和最后一段中的“But Wu has been working on improving it.”可知，吴运杰致力于完善这幅地图。
2．What does the underlined word “disclosed” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Applied. B．Spread.
C．Understood. D．Discovered.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“many historical sites...on-site visits”可知，由于部分信息未完全被发现，吴运杰花了大量时间进行研究和实地考察。因此，画线词与D项意思相近。
3．Why are a netizen's words quoted in paragraph 4
A．To show the convenience of the map.
B．To introduce how to use the map properly.
C．To prove the map is believable and informative.
D．To explain the meaning of different colors on the map.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I actually found the ancient tower around my house on the map！”可推知，文中引用网民的话是为了证明这张地图是可信和富有信息的。
4．What does Wu Yunjie plan to do
A．Include cultural relics lost overseas in his map.　
B．Bring cultural treasures back to China from abroad.
C．Make the map perfect by adding dots of other colors.　
D．Solve technical problems and make money with the map.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，吴运杰计划将流失海外的文物也纳入他的地图中。
B
(2026·常德高二期中)Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis have uncovered a new way that brown fat can improve the body's metabolism (新陈代谢).This process allows cells to use more fuel and produce heat, improving overall metabolic health.Conducted in mice, the research points to new possibilities for using brown fat to address metabolic conditions.
Brown fat is known for its ability to turn energy from food into heat.Unlike white fat, which stores energy, or muscle, which uses energy immediately, brown fat helps keep the body warm in cold environments.Being exposed to cold can increase the amount of brown fat, and scientists have long suggested that turning it on could support weight loss by increasing calorie burning.
“We've identified the body can burn more energy by helping brown fat produce more heat，” said senior author Irfan Lodhi, PhD．“Promoting this kind of metabolic process could support weight loss or weight control in a way that is perhaps easier to maintain over time than traditional dieting and exercise.It's a process that basically wastes energy—increasing resting energy use—but that's a good thing if you're trying to lose weight.”
While human bodies can produce fatty acids (酸) (the ones brown fat uses for heat generation), they are also found in dairy products and human breast milk.Lodhi said this raises the possibility that a dietary intervention (干预) based on these fatty acids—such as a special food or “nutritional supplement”—could strengthen this heat-production pathway and enlarge its potential benefits.
“While our studies are in mice, there is evidence to suggest this pathway is useful in people，” Lodhi said.“Previous studies have found that individuals with higher levels of these fatty acids tend to have lower potentials to be overweight.But since one does not cause the other, our long-term goal is to test whether dietary or other treatments could be helpful in dialing up this heat production pathway in peroxisomes (过氧化物酶体) and helping people lose weight and improve their metabolic health.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了华盛顿大学医学院的科学家发现棕色脂肪通过产生热量改善新陈代谢，并探讨了其在体重管理和代谢健康方面的潜在应用。
5．How is paragraph 2 developed
A．By making comparisons.
B．By explaining reasons.
C．By giving examples.
D．By presenting data.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Brown fat is known...into heat.Unlike white fat...in cold environments.”可知，第二段通过将棕色脂肪与白色脂肪和肌肉进行对比，说明了棕色脂肪的独特功能。
6．What would the author agree with according to the passage
A．Brown fat harms metabolism.
B．Brown fat aids weight loss.
C．White fat produces heat.
D．Muscle stores energy.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Promoting this kind of metabolic process...and exercise.”可知，作者认为棕色脂肪有助于减肥。
7．Which is the research's future focus according to the last paragraph
A．To increase brown fat amount.
B．To test if dietary treatments are effective.
C．To produce more fatty acids.
D．To prove the mice study true.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But since one...their metabolic health.”可知，研究的未来重点是测试饮食或其他治疗方法是否有效。
8．What is Lodhi's attitude to the research
A．Critical. B．Unclear.
C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，洛迪认为研究对人类也有用，并表示了长期的研究目标，说明他对这项研究持积极态度。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2026·保定高二上学期期中)I've been studying attention for several years now, and this statement that the quality of your attention determines the quality of your life has become my north star.Here's why I believe it's true.
Your attention is a filter (过滤器).Every moment, you're flooded by information, thoughts, feelings, and impulses (冲动).What you focus on, whether by choice or by force, becomes your reality.The things you attend to register as targets in your brain and shape your behaviour.1.________________　
That's why two people can sit in the same room, experience the same events, yet have completely different days.One notices the annoyances and frustrations and the things going wrong.2.________________ It's the same external reality, but very different internal experiences.
Concentration really is the foundation of everything meaningful.You can't read deeply, listen fully, learn effectively, or connect authentically without the ability to direct and maintain your attention.
Most knowledge workers who struggle to be productive think they have time management problems.3.________________ You could have all the time in the world, but if your attention is broken, constantly controlled by notifications and impulses, that time becomes worthless.
4．________________ And like any skill, it can be trained.Every time you bring your wandering mind back to the present task, you're doing a mental exercise.Every time you resist the pull of a distraction, you're building strength.
In a world where big tech is spending billions upon billions of dollars in tracking and breaking your attention, developing this skill gives you an incredible advantage over others.5.________________ While others are controlled by their impulses, you can choose your focus.When AI is replacing your colleagues, you're doing important creative work that your boss values and can't replace.
A．Attention is a skill.
B．Everything else fades into background noise.
C．Your attention is the most valuable resource you have.
D．I think they actually have attention management problems.
E.The other sees opportunities, moments of beauty and reasons to be grateful.
F．While everyone else is drowning in shallow engagement, you can go deep.
G.People who can maintain focus report higher life satisfaction and achievement.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了注意力的重要性及培养注意力的好处。
1．B　解析：空前讨论了关注的事物影响行为；空后讨论了同境不同体验的现象，空处应承上启下，衔接“关注影响”与“体验差异”的逻辑。B项符合语境，且“Everything else”对应空前“The things you attend to register as targets”。
2．E　解析：空前讨论了一人关注负面事物；空后强调体验差异，空处应体现另一人的相反关注方向，形成对比。E项符合语境。
3．D　解析：空前讨论了大多数知识工作者对问题的误判；空后强调注意力的重要性，空处应指出真实问题所在。D项符合语境。
4．A　解析：空后讨论了某事物可被训练的属性，空处应说明it的指代对象。A项符合语境。
5．F　解析：空前讨论了注意力技能带来的优势；空后通过对比体现优势，空处应延续“对比优势”的逻辑。F项符合语境。“While everyone else”与空后“While others”为句式复现。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2026·芜湖高二上学期期中) For all of elementary and middle school, and most of high school, I ate school lunch in the cafeteria.School lunch is a touchy issue.There're a lot of negative feelings toward it and a general 1 with the lunch system—a lot of it is processed, and operating budgets are tiny.However, I have quite 2 memories and learned a lot from eating in the cafeteria.
What was the food like Chicken nuggets, corn dogs, and chicken patties were some of my personal 3 ．And don't even get me started on the 4 among the kids when it was chocolate milk day! I was also 5 to a lot of different foods.They obviously weren't the 6 versions, but to me, it was such a 7 change from the foods I ate outside of school.
I enjoyed the 8 of picking up the plastic lunch container, learned to 9 say thank you to the people serving, and 10 the use of the single-used forks and spoons.
It was also fun to either 11 with friends about the cafeteria foods we didn't like, or try to 12 to the cafeteria early on the days we liked the food.
In high school, I had friends who 13 in the kitchen for pocket change, and for most of them, it was their very first 14 ．In fact, they still fondly recall the hours they spent washing pots and sweeping floors, although it meant they 15 some extracurricular activities.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在学校食堂吃饭的美好回忆，并且作者也从中学到了很多东西。
1．A．connection B．disappointment
C．struggle D．contrast
B　解析：根据上文negative feelings和下文“a lot of it is processed, and operating budgets are tiny”可知，人们对午餐系统普遍感到失望(disappointment)。
2．A．bitter B．distant
C．mixed D．fond
D　解析：根据上文However和下文“learned a lot from eating in the cafeteria”可知，在食堂吃饭给作者留下了非常美好的(fond)回忆。
3．A．favorites B．shares
C．meals D．recipes
A　解析：根据上文“I have quite...in the cafeteria”及“What was the food like？”可知，此处指鸡块、玉米热狗和鸡肉饼是作者的最爱(favorite)。
4．A．discussion B．noise
C．excitement D．curiosity
C　解析：根据下文“when it was chocolate milk day”可知，巧克力牛奶日应是让作者很兴奋(excitement)。
5．A．exposed B．devoted
C．treated D．related
A　解析：根据下文“it was such a ______ change...outside of school”可知，此处指作者在食堂接触到很多不同的食物。be exposed to意为“接触到”，为固定搭配。
6．A．cheapest B．latest
C．rarest D．best
D　解析：根据下文“but to me...outside of school”并结合语境可知，虽然这些食物并不是做得最好的(best)，但是作者也喜欢。
7．A．sudden B．strange
C．welcome D．rapid
C　解析：根据上文描述作者最喜欢的食物以及对巧克力牛奶日的兴奋可知，对作者来说，这些食物和校外吃的比起来是一种令人愉快的(welcome)改变。
8．A．routine B．requirement
C．order D．tradition
A　解析：根据下文“picking up the plastic lunch container”可知，拿起塑料午餐盒是每天吃午餐的日常(routine)。
9．A．calmly B．firmly
C．hurriedly D．politely
D　解析：根据下文“say thank you to the people serving”可知，此处指作者学会了向服务人员礼貌地(politely)表达感谢。
10．A．considered B．mastered
C．adjusted D．controlled
B　解析：根据下文the use of the single-used forks and spoons可知，此处指作者掌握(master)了使用一次性叉子和勺子的方法。
11．A．bargain B．compete
C．complain D．debate
C　解析：根据下文“the cafeteria foods we didn't like”可知，对于不喜欢的食物作者应是会抱怨(complain)。
12．A．rush B．inch
C．slip D．advance
A　解析：根据下文“early on the days we liked the food”可知，有喜欢吃的食物时，作者会早早冲(rush)到餐厅。
13．A．volunteered B．worked
C．dined D．practiced
B　解析：根据下文for pocket change和“they still fondly...sweeping floors”可知，此处指朋友在厨房里工作(work)赚点零花钱。
14．A．experience B．hobby
C．job D．homework
C　解析：根据下文“they still fondly...sweeping floors”可知，在餐厅洗锅和扫地是他们的工作(job)。
15．A．forgot B．gave
C．observed D．missed
D　解析：根据上文“the hours they spent washing pots and sweeping floors”可知，上学时在餐厅打工自然会错过(miss)一些课外活动。INCLUDEPICTURE "文化通览LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "文化通览LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
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非遗传承之舞线狮
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【高频词汇】
1．tradition n. 传统
2．atmosphere n. 气氛
3．minority n. 少数民族
4．disappear v. 消失
5．cultural adj. 文化的
6．performance n. 表演
7．opera n. 戏曲
8．symbolize v. 象征
9．boast v. 拥有(值得自豪的东西)
10．troupe n. 剧团
11．heritage n. 遗产
12．Spring Festival Gala 春晚
13．date back to 追溯到
14．be listed as 被列为
15．be passed down from generation to generation
代代相传
【话题佳句】
1．String Lion Dance, which has been officially listed as an important part of China's intangible cultural heritage, is a traditional art form that has been kept alive and developed for centuries with the efforts of generations of artists.
舞线狮已被正式列入中国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分，它是一项经过几代艺人的努力，延续并发展了数百年的传统艺术形式。
2．String Lion Dance, which has been carefully passed down from generation to generation for centuries, is not only a unique traditional folk performance but also an extremely valuable living treasure of Chinese intangible cultural heritage.
数百年来被精心代代传承的舞线狮，不仅是一项独特的传统民间表演，而且是中国非物质文化遗产中极具价值的活态瑰宝。
3．What makes the threadcontrolled lion dance such an amazing traditional art is that every vivid movement is controlled by delicate thin strings and requires extremely close cooperation and high concentration among all the performers.　舞线狮之所以能成为如此精彩的传统艺术，是因为它每一个生动的动作都由纤细的丝线操控，并且需要所有表演者之间极其密切的配合与高度集中的注意力。
4．Only when we fully understand the importance of cultural protection and take practical action to respect our traditional arts can we make sure that valuable ancient skills like the string lion dance will survive and continue to develop in the modern world.　只有当我们充分理解文化保护的重要性，并以实际行动尊重传统艺术时，我们才能确保像舞线狮这样珍贵的古老技艺能够在现代社会中存活并持续发展。
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Give fishermen a string, and they can use it to catch fish, but give it to young men from Huotong Town, and they can make a lion fly. Indeed, many children 1.growing (grow) up in the town in Ningde City, Fujian Province, might be under the impression that lions can actually fly, as they could come in contact 2.with the popular string lion dance at an early age.
From a distance, bamboo lions with colorful long hair could 3.be seen(see) high above a small wooden stage in Xingxian Village in mid-March, each seeming to have a life of their own. Closer up, 4.it was possible to see that they were linked by what looked like countless long strings that were being operated by a team of young people behind the stage.
The young people made every effort during the show, sometimes using their weight 5.to pull (pull) the strings, and other times jumping up and down to control the strings to make the lions do 6.various (variety) fancy actions, ranging from rolling and jumping to running one after another and fighting for a ball.
Applause broke out from the crowd as the lions came to rest and a group of young boys stepped out from behind the curtain. “This is my happiest moment, getting 7.recognition(recognize) from the audience，” says Chen Jihong, who leads the team of around 30 members.
Like other children in the region, Chen was first fascinated by the dance as a child 8.when his mother took him to watch a lantern show on the day of Longtaitou, or Dragon Heads-raising Day. He remembers how the crowd suddenly became excited and cheered for the string lions to come out. He pushed through the crowd 9.curiously (curious) to get a closer view as the lifelike lions came into sight.
Huang Zhenqiao, a senior inheritor of the tradition that was named a national intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage item in 2006, says that the string lion dance dates back about 1，300 years and is one of the most attractive 10.shows(show) at the local lantern show on that day.
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Parents on E-bikes Are Transforming the School Run
Adapted from The Economist
Some men like buying a sports car, but Rory Barton, a 44-year-old advertising executive, chose a low-slung bike with a front box for children. He purchased it second-hand for $ 4，500, a steal compared to its retail price. Mr. Barton uses it to transport his two children to school year-round, relying on a raincoat instead of a car. This reflects a broader trend: while overall bicycle sales in America have slowed lately, family e-bikes are defying the decline.
Brett Thurber, a bicycle shop owner in San Francisco, notes that family e-bike sales have grown from zero to a majority of his business over the past decade. A popular brand from Taiwan can carry up to three children and cost thousands. The convenience of e-bikes, rather than environmental concerns, is driving this boom. Parents, mostly fathers, praise the ability to skip traffic, avoid coaxing recalcitrant children into car seats, and never worry about parking.
E-bikes are typically replacing the second family car, not the primary vehicle. Few parents abandon cars entirely, but many short trips of one to three miles—too far for toddlers to walk and fiddly by public transport—are efficiently handled by bike. Molly Fleck, a Chicago lawyer, bikes her five-year-old to activities like soccer practice and birthday parties. This shift is partly due to rising car traffic. Since the 1960s, more parents have driven children to school, leading to punishing congestion.
According to the National Household Travel Survey, driver shortages and budget constraints mean fewer traditional school buses, exacerbating traffic. One survey found most parents believe their careers suffer from school runs. Safety remains a concern, as bike infrastructure in American cities is often inadequate. However, e-bike parents don't see this as permanent. Howard Carter, a father in Denver, remarks that biking has made him more engaged in municipal government, such as supporting road-narrowing plans.
Ultimately, e-bikes offer a practical solution for urban families, reducing reliance on cars and fostering community involvement. As revolutions begin with a push of the pedal, this trend highlights how small changes can address larger issues like traffic and environmental impact.
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1．executive n．经理
2．low-slung adj.低车架的
3．steal n．(熟词生义)便宜货
4．trend n．趋势
5．decline n．下降
6．convenience n．便利
7．coax v．哄劝
8．recalcitrant adj.难以控制的
9．primary adj.主要的
10．fiddly adj.不便使用的
11．congestion n．拥堵
12．constraint n．限制
13．infrastructure n．基础设施
14．inadequate adj.不足的
15．engaged adj.参与的
16．municipal adj.市政的
17．pedal n．踏板
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1.Brett Thurber, a bicycle shop owner in San Francisco, notes that family e-bike sales have grown from zero to a majority of his business over the past decade.
[分析]　句中“a bicycle shop owner in San Francisco”为同位语，补充说明主语Brett Thurber；that引导宾语从句，作谓语动词notes的宾语。
[翻译]　旧金山一家自行车车店的店主布雷特·瑟伯表示，过去十年间，家庭电动自行车的销量从零增长为他的主要业务。
2．As revolutions begin with a push of the pedal, this trend highlights how small changes can address larger issues like traffic and environmental impact.
[分析]　句中As引导方式状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
[翻译]　正如革命始于踩下踏板，这一趋势凸显了微小的改变如何能解决交通和环境影响等更大的问题。
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　　US urban families, especially fathers, are increasingly using family e-bikes for 1.short trips with kids, driving sales growth despite a national bike market 2.slowdown. Valued for convenience over eco-factors, they replace second cars, ease traffic troubles from school runs, and even 3.boost parents' civic engagement, though bike infrastructure safety lags.
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The Law of Club and Tooth—1
Excerpt from The Call of the Wild
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淘金潮时期，米勒法官家的爱犬巴克被贩卖到寒冷的阿拉斯加，它历经了重重磨难，最终回归到大自然。
Buck's first day on the beach was like a nightmare①. Every hour was filled with shock or surprise.② He had been suddenly removed from civilization and thrown into③ the heart of a primitive④ world. Here there was neither peace nor rest, nor⑤ a moment's safety. It was essential to be constantly alert, for these dogs and men were not town dogs and men. They were savages (野蛮人；凶狠残暴的人) who knew no law but the law of club and tooth (棍棒与犬牙法则)．
He had never seen dogs fight like these, and his first experience taught him an unforgettable lesson⑥. He was fortunate that it was Curly who was the victim, not himself. Curly, in her friendly way, tried to make friends with a husky dog (哈士奇). The dog was the size of a full-grown wolf, but not half as large as Curly was. There was no warning: only a fast jump, a metallic cut of teeth, and a jump back⑦. Curly's face was ripped open from eye to mouth.
It was wolf fighting, to strike⑧ and jump away, but there was more to it than this. Thirty or forty huskies ran to watch. They surrounded the fighters in a silent, watching circle, all licking their lips. Curly rushed at the husky, who struck again and jumped away. He met her next rush with his chest in a strange way that knocked her over. She never got up again. This was what the watching huskies had waited for. They closed in⑨ on her, snarling (龇牙低吼) and yelping. Curly was buried, screaming in pain, under the dogs' bodies.⑩
It was so sudden and unexpected that Buck was surprised. He saw Spitz watching, laughing. Francois jumped into the middle of the dogs, helped by three men with clubs and the dogs soon ran away. But Curly lay lifeless in the bloody snow. This scene often came back to Buck. This was the way of his new world. No fair play. Once you were down, that was the end. He would be careful not to go down. Spitz laughed again, and from that moment Buck hated him.
Buck soon received another shock. Francois fastened him into a harness (挽具). He had seen them before on horses when they were working. And he was set to work, pulling Francois on a sled to the forest around the valley, returning with firewood . He didn't like it, but he was too clever to rebel; he did his best although it was all new and strange. The other dogs—Spitz, the leader, and Dave, nearest the sled—with Francois and his whip, soon taught Buck how to behave when pulling the sled.
Perrault brought three more dogs to make up the team of six to pull the sled. Two brother huskies were called Billie and Joe, and an old husky who was blind in one eye was called Sol-leks, which means “angry one”. Spitz attacked the new dogs, and beat Billie, but not Joe. Sol-leks' only ambition, like Dave's, was to be left alone. Although, as Buck was to learn later, each of them had another and even more vital ambition.
That night Buck faced the problem of sleeping. He tried to sleep in the tent, but Perrault and Francois threw things and shouted at him until he ran away. A cold wind was blowing. He lay down on the snow but the frost soon made him stand up. He walked around the camp, but one place was as cold as another. He went back to see what his teammates were doing. To his great astonishment ， they had disappeared. He wandered around unhappily, looking for them. Suddenly, as he walked round the tent, the snow gave way under his front feet and there was Billie curled up under the snow like a warm ball. It was another lesson. Buck selected a spot, and dug a hole for himself. In a moment, the heat from his body filled the small space and he was soon asleep.
Buck didn't wake up until he heard the noises of the waking camp.At first he didn't remember where he was. It had snowed in the night and he was completely buried. He was frightened and thought perhaps he was in a trap. But then he jumped straight up into the bright light of day. He saw the camp in front of him and he knew where he was.Everything came back to him from the walk with Manuel, to the hole he had dug for himself the night before.
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①此处为比喻句。
②此处为无生命名词作主语。
③本句中被动语态及动词throw显示出巴克的无措。
④primitive adj.原始的；远古的
⑤并列连词neither...nor...nor表示强调。
⑥teach sb.a lesson给某人一个教训
⑦本句中并列的名词短语增强了气氛的紧张感。
⑧strike v．袭击
⑨close in包围；逼近
⑩整段场景描写，特别关注加黑动词。
此处为“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。
此处为动词-ing形式作状语。
make up补齐
此处which引导非限制性定语从句。
to one's astonishment令某人惊讶的是
wander around闲逛；徘徊
此处as引导时间状语从句。
not...until...直到……才……
frightened adj.害怕的INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Students who are around plants perform better academically (academic) than students who are in a classroom without plants.
2．(外研选必三U3) Driven by a sense of commitment (commit), a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
3．It is important to have a professional conduct a safety evaluation (evaluate) of the building before you buy it.
4．The teacher highlighted the distinction (distinct) between “affect” and “effect” words that confuse even native English speakers in written communication.
5．The research team completed their data analysis(analyse), their findings published in a leading scientific journal.
6．The boiling (boil) water spilled over the pot's edge when she turned her back for just a moment.
7．While the award was a great honour, the scientist valued the acknowledgement (acknowledge) from her peers even more.
8．The experiment failed, apparently (apparent) because the temperature was not controlled properly.
9．Scientists warned that unless we adopt more scientific (science) approaches to agriculture, food safety will be at risk.
10．Although the event attracted people from all over the country, the audience was mostly (most) composed of local residents.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．(2025·北京卷)The social comparisons we make—ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves—are vital to/for our ability to thrive (成长).
2．He insists on/upon checking every detail himself because he doesn't fully trust the new team.
3．He skipped meals and slept very little, leading to serious health problems.
4．Her writing style is distinct from that of her contemporaries, which makes her work easily recognizable.
5．They committed themselves (they) to protecting endangered species, even though it meant working with limited funding.
6．I came here by chance and was just watching what was going on, when a girl came up to me.
7．The theory is widely acknowledged to be/as the foundation of modern physics.
8．Hardly had we decided to organize a book donation activity when many classmates signed up actively.
9．It is necessary that she should apologize if she wants to repair their friendship.
10．They didn't have much money when they graduated from college, but they built a successful business within five years.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．听到申请被接受的消息后，她感到一阵轻松，这意味着她可以在牛津大学继续学业。(upon doing...)
She felt a surge of relief upon hearing that her application had been accepted, which meant she could pursue her studies at Oxford University.
2．能受邀加入该委员会是我的荣幸，我将尽最大努力做出有意义的贡献。(It is an honour for...to do sth.)
It is an honour for me to be invited to join the committee, and I will do my best to contribute meaningfully.
3．保护濒危语言至关重要，因为每一种语言都承载着独特的文化知识。
It is vital to preserve endangered languages, because each one carries unique cultural knowledge.
4．玛丽·居里被公认为现代历史上最具影响力的科学家之一。
(1)Marie Curie is acknowledged to be one of the most influential scientists in modern history.
(2)It is acknowledged that Marie Curie is one of the most influential scientists in modern history.
5．尽管医生劝阻，这位病人仍坚持要提前出院。
(1)The patient insisted on leaving the hospital early, despite the doctor's advice.
(2)The patient insisted that he (should) leave the hospital early, despite the doctor's advice.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林必修三U4】
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu Youyou studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation, she 1 at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed 2 training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a(n) 3 knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
Tu's education was soon to 4 very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a 5 for the disease. She collected over 2，000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they 6 to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 7 by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu 8 the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, To and her team still faced another problem. The trials on patients were likely to be 9 because they did not have sufficient safety data.To speed up the process and ensure its 10 ， they volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally 11 . In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract. As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since 12 about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was 13 awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further 14 the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise 15 to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
1．A．committed B．worked
C．evaluated D．founded
2．A．further B．better
C．more D．fewer
3．A．precise B．true
C．broad D．awesome
4．A．explain B．find
C．obtain D．prove
5．A．cure B．substance
C．science D．theory
6．A．defeated B．failed
C．managed D．encountered
7．A．Discouraged B．Confused
C．Inspired D．Inferred
8．A．redesigned B．recovered
C．delayed D．ended
9．A．accelerated B．completed
C．postponed D．defeated
10．A．effectiveness B．efficiency
C．safety D．function
11．A．gave off B．paid off
C．cut off D．showed off
12．A．astonished B．assessed
C．delighted D．benefited
13．A．obviously B．faithfully
C．hopefully D．eventually
14．A．appreciate B．possess
C．explore D．share
15．A．it B．them
C．her D．herself
答案：1～5.BACDA　6～10.BCACC
11～15.BDDCA
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
INCLUDEPICTURE "RJXY1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "RJXY1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2026·潍坊高二期中模拟)Ekaterina Sky, a wildlife conservation artist, inspires people to reconnect with nature and animals through her work.Her love for animals led her to become a vegan (素食者), and she uses art as a creative outlet to promote kindness to all life.The fact that her work carries such an important message for the planet makes her paintings even more beautiful and moving.
“I can feel the suffering of our planet and the pain that is being caused to animals，” she said.“My mission is to speak up for those who can't.”
Ekaterina began her art journey at the School of Fine Arts in Yaroslavl, Russia.There she completed a fine arts program, which gave her the background she needed to become a conservation artist.She also received a scholarship to the Tel Aviv Museum of Art School.There, she expanded upon her knowledge and skills, learning to create her own unique style.
Recently, Ekaterina went on a tour to different countries worldwide, painting murals(壁画)of various endangered species.With each mural, she made the audience look directly into the animals' eyes.This helps them connect more with the animals and perhaps helps them realize their interconnectedness with the animals.“Each animal was colorful to highlight their uniqueness and individuality，” Ekaterina said.
Her main goal is to connect people with animals, even in the most crowded urban places.We have greatly lost our connection to Mother Earth and all the creatures who inhabit it.Ekaterina's work can help raise awareness about the fact that we all have to coexist here.She says our urban lifestyles make us forget about all the endangered species that we can help protect by making different choices.
“As I believe, we connect through our eyes, which are windows into our soul, and I believe that when we get to meet someone's soul, we don't have a heart to hurt them，” Ekaterina said.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了野生动物保护艺术家叶卡捷琳娜·斯基通过艺术作品激励人们重新与自然和动物建立联系，并通过画作传达她对地球和动物的关爱的故事。
1．What inspires Ekaterina Sky to create art
A．Her childhood. B．Her love for animals.
C．Her scholarships. D．Her travels.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Her love for animals...to all life.”可知，她对动物的爱是她创作艺术的灵感来源。
2．What is the focus of paragraph 3
A．Ekaterina's educational background in art.
B．The achievements of Ekaterina's unique artistic style.
C．The reasons why Ekaterina wanted to be a conservation artist.
D．The impact of Ekaterina's art on wildlife conservation efforts.
A　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了叶卡捷琳娜·斯基的艺术教育背景。
3．How does Ekaterina Sky's art work contribute to wildlife conservation
A．By raising funds.
B．By providing scientific data.
C．By increasing public awareness.
D．By influencing the local policy.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This helps them connect more...the animals.”以及第五段最后两句可推知，她的艺术作品通过提高公众意识来促进野生动物保护。
4．What can we learn from Ekaterina's words in the last paragraph
A．Art doesn't influence people's feelings.
B．Urban life helps protect endangered species.
C．She seeks to expose environmental harm.
D．She trusts our eyes link us to animals through art.　
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As I believe, we connect through our eyes, which are windows into our soul”可推知，她相信通过艺术，眼睛能将我们与动物联系起来。
B
(2026·德州高二期中)Most people hate mosquitoes—but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes.
The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis which can be naturally found in most insect species.However, it's rarely discovered in mosquitoes.“We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium，” Scott O'Neill，an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News.When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population.
Several studies have demonstrated the insects' success.For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021.
The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil's urban areas over the next 10 years.The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes.Dengue patients may have mild symptoms like fever, but severe cases can lead to death.
Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website.“More than 1，000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes.It's going everywhere，” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News.
Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM；转基因的) mosquitoes.In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida.
According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring from surviving to adulthood, and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild.After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring.In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家培育改良蚊子对抗疾病的相关举措及成效。
5．Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O'Neill
A．To spread a type of bacterium.
B．To make money for the scientists involved.
C．To reduce the number of insects in the world.
D．To prevent mosquitoes from biting people.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium，’．..spread the bacterium to the population.”可知，斯科特·奥尼尔培育改良蚊子是为了传播一种细菌。
6．What can we infer from the experiment in Indonesia mentioned in the passage
A．Dengue is not a serious disease in Indonesia.
B．Modified mosquitoes have no effect on dengue.
C．Mosquitoes in Indonesia are not carriers of dengue.
D．Modified mosquitoes can significantly decrease dengue cases.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，改良蚊子可以显著减少登革热病例。
7．What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Removed. B．Approved.
C．Cleaned. D．Blocked.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第六段内容可知，防止蚊子传播疾病的一种方法是生产转基因蚊子，因此，此处指美国国家环境保护局批准释放转基因蚊子，画线词意为“批准”，与“Approved”意思相近。 。
8．What might be the best title for the passage
A．The Benefits of GM Mosquitoes
B．Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases
C．Genetic Engineering in Medical Research
D．The World GM Mosquito Program's Success
B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们通过培育改良蚊子来对抗疾病。因此，B项适合作文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2026·济南高二期中)Nima Rinji Sherpa reached the top of 8，027-meter Shishapangma at 6：05 local time on October 9，2024, along with his partner Pasang Nurbu Sherpa.Previously, Mingma Gyabu “David” Sherpa 1 all 14 mountains by the age of 30 in 2019, according to Guinness World Records, which states on its website that new records can take weeks to 2 ．
Nima started his splendid journey in September 2022 when he climbed Nepal's 8，163m Manaslu.Over the next two years, he 3 all of the “8000ers” 4 Everest, the world's highest mountain at 8，848.86m.Nima took to social media to mark the completion of the 5 challenge, writing: “I devote this world record to my project, Sherpa Power.This summit is not just the peak of my personal journey, but a precious gift to every Sherpa who has ever dared to dream beyond the traditional boundaries set for us.Mountaineering is more than labor; it is 6 for our strength, toughness, and passion.”
Nepal's Sherpas have lived in the high altitudes of the Himalayas for generations and long served as guides and porters, whose local knowledge and skills have been 7 for foreigners attempting climbs in the area.Although they carry heavy equipment and supplies up mountains and guide people to high altitude summits in dangerous conditions, they often don't receive the recognition or rewards they 8 ．
“Through Sherpa Power, I want to show the younger generation of Sherpas that they can rise above the label of being only support climbers and 9 their potential as top athletes, adventurers, and creators，” Nima added.“We are not just guides; we are 10 ．Let this be a call to every Sherpa to see the 11 in our work and the limitless possibilities in our 12 ．”
Nima's achievement has 13 attention worldwide, not only for his young age but also for the message he conveys about Sherpa identity and potential.He hopes that more Sherpas will step out of the traditional roles and 14 their own paths in mountaineering and beyond.This record is not just a personal breakthrough but a 15 for an entire community.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。尼玛·林吉·夏尔巴攀登高峰创造世界纪录，展现他在登山领域的潜力与身份，鼓励更多夏尔巴人突破传统角色。
1．A．missed B．mounted
C．visited D．researched
B　解析：根据下文all 14 mountains以及according to Guinness World Records可知，此处是指登上(mount)了14座山峰。
2．A．confirm B．deny
C．ignore D．forget
A　解析：根据上文Guinness World Records以及“new records can take weeks to”可知，此处是指吉尼斯世界纪录新纪录需要时间确认(confirm)。
3．A．attacked B．searched
C．conquered D．damaged
C　解析：根据上文“Nima started his splendid journey...next two years”以及下文all of the “8000ers”可知，此处是指他在两年内征服(conquer)了所有8 000米级山峰。
4．A．composing B．including
C．avoiding D．observing
B　解析：根据上文all of the “8000ers”以及下文“Everest, the world's highest mountain at 8，848.86m”可知，此处指包括(include)8，848.86米的珠峰。
5．A．tiring B．amusing
C．boring D．interesting
A　解析：根据下文“Mountaineering is more than labor”可知，攀登多座高峰的挑战是累人的(tiring)。
6．A．doubt B．criticism
C．proof D．imagination
C　解析：根据上文“Mountaineering is more than labor”以及下文for our strength, toughness, and passion可知，登山是力量、坚韧和激情的证明(proof)。
7．A．worthless B．priceless
C．valueless D．useless
B　解析：根据上文“guides and porters...skills”以及下文“for foreigners attempting climbs in the area”可知，夏尔巴人的知识和技能对前来登山的外国人来说是极其珍贵的(priceless)。
8．A．reserve B．desire
C．offer D．deserve
D　解析：根据上文“Although they carry heavy...recognition or rewards”可知，他们虽然付出了，却没得到他们应有(deserve)的认可和回报。
9．A．bring out B．bring in
C．bring about D．bring up
A　解析：根据“they can rise...their potential”可知，此处是指发掘他们的潜力，bring out potential是固定搭配，意为“发掘潜力”。
10．A．followers B．pathfinders
C．supporters D．climbers
B　解析：根据上文“their potential as...not just guides”可知，他们不仅仅是向导，更是突破传统角色的探路者(pathfinder)。
11．A．shame B．humor
C．dignity D．curiosity
C　解析：根据上文“they often don't receive...rewards”、“Let this be a call...see the”以及下文in our work可知，此处是指看到工作中的尊严(dignity)。
12．A．past B．present
C．future D．memory
C　解析：根据上文the limitless possibilities可知，未来(future)充满无限可能性。
13．A．attracted B．lost
C．paid D．divided
A　解析：根据上文Nima's achievement以及下文attention worldwide可知，此处是指尼玛的成就引起全世界的关注，attract attention是固定搭配，意为“吸引关注”。　
14．A．find B．follow
C．destroy D．avoid
A　解析：根据上文step out of the traditional roles以及下文their own paths in mountaineering and beyond可知，此处是指突破传统，找到(find)属于自己的路。
15．A．failure B．gift
C．challenge D．victory
D　解析：根据上文“This record is not just a personal breakthrough but a”以及下文for an entire community可知，这是整个社区的胜利(victory)。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2026·南通高二期中)Hu Yuwei, chief policy analyst at China Securities, said the next five-year blueprint will place greater 1.________________ (emphasize) on innovation-driven growth, green and low-carbon development, and digital transformation.
China's innovation capacity 2.________________ (rise) rapidly over the past few years.According to the “Global Innovation Index 2025” report released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, China has increased to 10th place in the global innovation ranking for 2025, up one spot from last year, 3.________________ (mark) its first entry into the top 10.
However, Hu warned that challenges remain.“Our basic research remains relatively weak 4.________________ sufficient concentration of scientific resources and systematic advantage in original innovation.”
Hu suggested that during the next five years, China should strengthen its national 5.________________ (strategy) science, enhance self-reliance in new 6.________________ (technology), and promote advanced, smart and green manufacturing.
Global executives appreciated China's ongoing efforts 7.________________ (stimulate) new quality productive forces, saying that multinational corporations will see rising opportunities in the next few years.
“I don't see China only as just the market.I think China has probably become an engine for some specific innovations, 8.________________ we can develop elsewhere，” said Estelle Brachlianoff, CEO of 9.________________ Italian transnational group focusing on ecological environment and resource management.
Marc Horn, president of a world-leading technology company, said China is an important source of innovation.“We are very confident in staying the course and remaining 10.________________(commit) to our investments (here in China).”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国创新能力近年快速提升及全球排名进步，同时提及现存挑战、发展建议与跨国企业对中国市场的信心。
1．emphasis　解析：考查名词。place emphasis on是固定短语，意为“重视……”，且emphasis为不可数名词。
2．has risen　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语over the past few years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语China's innovation capacity为单数，助动词应用has。
3．marking　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，mark与前面的整个句子构成主动关系，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。
4．without　解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“缺乏足够的科研资源集中和原始创新的系统优势”，空处应用介词without。
5．strategic　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词science，空处应用strategic，strategic science 表示“战略科技”。
6．technologies　解析：考查名词复数。空前无冠词修饰，结合语境可知，此处表示“多种新技术”，应用复数形式 technologies。
7．to stimulate　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词。efforts to do sth.意为“做某事的努力”，因此此处应用不定式作后置定语。
8．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为some specific innovations，指物，关系词在从句中作develop的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。
9．an　解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一家意大利跨国集团”，为泛指，且Italian的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
10．committed　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语，remain committed to 意为“始终致力于……”。INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后巩固多维提能LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”， add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
2．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I painted the scenery of the park, where the willow branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily.
3．(2023·天津卷6月)My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom.
4．(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings.
5．It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised her classmates.
6．The conference brought together experts from 30 countries, most of whom spoke English fluently.
7．Their house, whose garden overlooks the sea, is open to visitors every summer.
8．The reason why she didn't attend the meeting is that her flight was canceled due to bad weather.
9．She published her first novel last year, when she was only twenty-two.
10．They built so tall a tower as could be seen from twenty miles away.
11．As is often the case, the youngest child received the most attention at the family gathering.
12．Tom's colleagues were deeply appreciative of his help, without whose support they would not have succeeded.
维度二　语法与写作
1．众所周知，吸烟有害健康，所以许多人都尝试戒烟。
As is known to us all/As we all know, smoking harms health, so many people have tried to quit it.
2．这座大学图书馆，学生们经常学习到晚上十点的地方，将于下个月翻修。
The university library, where students often study until ten o'clock at night, will be renovated next month.
3．春节，是家家户户团聚的日子，也是中国最重要的传统节日。
Spring Festival, when families reunite, is the most important traditional holiday in China.
4．政府实施了严格的环境政策，这显著减少了城市的空气污染。
The government implemented strict environmental policies, which significantly reduced air pollution in cities．
5．博物馆收藏了数千件文物，其中一些可以追溯到青铜时代。
The museum houses thousands of artifacts, some of which date back to the Bronze Age．
6．我有几个对音乐感兴趣的朋友，其中一位是专业钢琴家，经常在音乐会上表演。
I have several friends who are interested in music, one of whom is a professional pianist and often performs at concerts．
维度三　语篇填空
Learning is a lifelong journey, 1.which brings us endless possibilities. My English teacher, Mrs. Smith, 2.who is very patient, always encourages us to read widely. She introduced us to many interesting books, some of 3.which have become my favourites. There was a special moment at the age of 12, 4.when I first understood a story without using a dictionary. That feeling of success, 5.whose power is incredible, motivated me to learn more.
I often study in the city library, 6.where the environment is quiet and peaceful. I have also made friends with other learners there, many of 7.whom share the same interests as me. As my teacher often says, the real goal of learning is not just to pass exams, but to understand the world better. This idea, 8.which I firmly believe in, makes learning a truly joyful adventure.
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
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(2026·温州高二期中)People around the world are honoring legendary chimpanzee (黑猩猩) expert Dr. Jane Goodall, who died on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91.Until her final days, she was touring in California, inspiring audiences with her passion for wildlife protection.
Born on April 3, 1934, in London, Goodall dreamed of exploring Africa's wild lands as a child.Her dream came true in 1957, when she visited a friend in Kenya and met Dr.Louis Leakey, a scientist studying human origins.Impressed by her passion, Leakey invited her to study chimpanzees at the Gombe Stream Reserve in Tanzania—a challenge she eagerly accepted.
At 26, with only a notebook, binoculars, and a desire to explore, Goodall devoted herself in Gombe's chimpanzee habitat.She acted as a “neighbor” rather than a distant observer, starting her landmark wild chimpanzee study.Over the next six decades, her research led to eye-opening discoveries: chimpanzees are far more intelligent than once thought, as they can use tools and hunt for meat, and they form friendships and show sorrow for lost companions.
In 1977, she established the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI).This global organization has three key roles to protect wildlife and support communities.First, it continues the long-running field research at Gombe.The research gathers scientific data, and this data directly guides chimpanzee protection work.JGI also works closely with local communities worldwide.It uses the collective power of individual actions to spark hope and drive sustainable change for the environment.In addition, it offers support to youth projects in nearly 75 countries.These young people now have the chance to learn conservation knowledge and skills to become responsible conservation leaders right in their own local areas.
Dr.Goodall's life and work not only made a permanent mark on our understanding of chimpanzees and other species, but also of humankind and the environment.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍·古道尔的生平以及她对黑猩猩保护事业的贡献。
1．Why was Jane Goodall invited by Dr.Leakey to study chimpanzees
A．Her academic background in biology.
B．Her strong interest in African wildlife.
C．Her family's support for her dream.
D．Her previous experience with chimpanzees.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，路易斯·利基博士邀请古道尔研究黑猩猩是因为她对非洲野生动物有着浓厚的兴趣。
2．What did Goodall's research reveal about chimpanzees
A．They use tools to hunt for meat.
B．They live with families and friends.
C．They are as intelligent as humans.
D．They feel sad when they lose a friend.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“show sorrow for lost companions”可知，古道尔的研究揭示了黑猩猩会为失去朋友而悲伤。
3．How is paragraph 4 developed
A．By providing examples.
B．By making lists.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By giving a definition.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This global organization has three key roles...support communities.”、“First”、“JGI also works...communities worldwide”以及“In addition”可知，第四段是通过列举的方式来展开的。
4．Which of the following can best describe Jane Goodall
A．Curious and determined.
B．Strict and ambitious.
C．Cautious and adventurous.
D．Independent and humorous.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容以及第三段中的“At 26...Gombe's chimpanzee habitat.”可知，古道尔是一个充满好奇心且意志坚定的人。
B
(2026·长沙高二期中)Siddarth Nandyala, a 14-year-old from Texas, has invented a smartphone-based app called Circadian AI that can detect potential heart abnormalities in just seven seconds.
To develop a real working product, Nandyala frequented various hospitals and institutions, discussing issues related to heart disease with hospital staff, patients and others.There, he collected the necessary data for his app.The next step was to create a strong artificial intelligence model, training and then retraining it again until he was completely satisfied with the results.
To operate the app, the user simply places a smartphone near their heart, where it records the sound of the heartbeat.The app has enhanced noise- cancellation techniques to move background noise sounds, enabling accurate readings even in loud environments.The recorded sounds are processed and then sent over to a machine-learning model hosted on the cloud, which gives an overall summary of the user's heart health.A visible screen displays the results, with explanations about what is normal and what may need medical attention.The app detects early signs of heart failure, and heart abnormalities.
“There is incredible potential for heart-monitoring devices and apps such as Circadian AI to advance medical care，” says Jameel Ahmed, an electrophysiologist (电生理学家) at Louisiana State University in New Orleans.Nandyala's app can reach populations where access to care is limited, he adds.Yet, Ahmed also considers the app's shortcomings.One potential limitation may arise from the quality of the microphone on the device being used, he says.Historically, he explains, medical professionals have used stethoscopes (听诊器) to make diagnoses.“Sometimes, these patterns, even with an expert, can be inaccurate.”
Currently, Nandyala is working to obtain approvals for a broader rollout in the U．S., India, and other countries.Not content to stop there, he is already adapting the technology to analyze lung sounds to detect conditions like pneumonia (肺炎).“I don't want to stop here，” he says.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了14岁少年西达尔思·南迪亚拉发明的Circadian AI应用，包括其研发过程、使用方法、工作原理、潜在价值与局限，以及他后续的研发计划。
5．What is Circadian AI mainly designed for
A．Moving background noise.
B．Detecting potential diseases.
C．Early heart-disease detection.
D．Treating early heart-disease.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Circadian AI that can detect potential heart abnormalities in just seven seconds”以及第三段中的“The app detects early signs of heart failure, and heart abnormalities.”可知，该应用主要用于心脏疾病的早期检测。
6．How did Nandyala get the data for his app
A．By collecting from the websites.
B．By cooperating with the institutions.
C．By creating a strong artificial intelligence model.
D．By communicating with medical staff and patients.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nandyala frequented...necessary data for his app.”可知，南迪亚拉通过与医护人员和患者交流获取应用所需数据。
7．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Circadian AI's unique technology.
B．Nandyala's data collection for the app.
C．Circadian AI's usage and working principles.
D．Reasons for Nandyala's app development.
C　解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了该应用的使用方法和工作原理。
8．What is Nandyala planning to do immediately after obtaining approvals
A．Approve the app in the United States.
B．Go on developing medical-related apps.
C．Improve the app's quality of the microphone.
D．Enhance the app to detect pneumonia.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，获得批准后，南迪亚拉计划升级应用，将其应用于检测肺炎这类疾病。
C
(2026·广州高二期中)In contemporary society, we find ourselves at a curious crossroads regarding solitude (独处).Recent studies reveal a significant increase in solitary living, with more individuals choosing to dine, travel, and reside alone than at any point in recorded history.While mental health experts rightly highlight the dangers of chronic (慢性的) loneliness, this important discussion often overlooks a crucial distinction—the difference between involuntary isolation and what psychologists term “positive solitude”， a restorative state associated with enhanced well-being and personal growth.
Actually, solitude has various benefits confirmed both by academic study and personal experiences.Quality alone time serves as an emotional reset button, offering space for self-reflection and psychological recovery.The commercial sector has taken note, with an emerging market for solitude-enhancing products and spaces.Yet despite these indicators of value, cultural prejudices persist, particularly in societies that equate constant connectivity with success.
The critical factor determining solitude's impact lies in its quality and intentionality.Passive digital consumption—particularly the endless browsing through social media feeds—fails to deliver solitude's psychological benefits.Authentic solitude requires deliberate disconnection: periods dedicated to self-directed activities, uninterrupted reflection, and emotional self-adjustment.This explains the paradox (矛盾) where many recognize solitude's importance for mental health yet struggle to experience its restorative effects.
Younger generations face particular challenges in this regard, often replacing meaningful solitude with virtual interactions.The path forward involves thoughtful reframing—regarding alone time as “self-connection rather than isolation, and understanding solitude as complementary (相互补充的) to social needs rather than oppositional”．
In our hyper-connected age, the growing preference for solitude may represent not social withdrawal, but a natural correction to constant connectivity—an attempt to reclaim the quiet spaces where we reconnect with our authentic selves. As we navigate this complex field, it becomes increasingly clear that the ability to be comfortably alone is not just a personal preference, but a vital life skill for maintaining psychological balance in an increasingly demanding world.
【解题导语】　 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了当今社会中独处现象的现状与意义，指出在高度互联的当代社会，高质量的积极独处是维持心理平衡的重要生活技能。
9．What do we know about mental health experts in paragraph 1
A．They believe loneliness enhances well-being.
B．They fail to distinguish different types of solitude.
C．They hold solitary living is on the rise.
D．They regard solitude as involuntary isolation.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“this important discussion often overlooks...term ‘positive solitude’”可知，心理健康专家未能区分不同类型的独处。
10．Which of the following belongs to quality alone time
A．Periods dedicated to surfing the Internet.
B．Time spent in emotional restoration.
C．Periods dedicated to seeking products.
D．Time spent in connectivity with success.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Quality alone time...psychological recovery.”可知，花在情绪恢复上的时间属于高质量的独处时间。
11．According to paragraph 4, what is the key difference between viewing solitude as “self-connection” versus “isolation”？
A．Self-connection suggests a positive chosen state.
B．Self-connection implies profound social interaction
C．Isolation is more scientific and beneficial to us.
D．Isolation can coexist with social interaction.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“regarding alone time as ‘self-connection... rather than oppositional’”可知，将独处视为“自我连接而非孤独”意味着独处与社会需求是相互补充的，而非对立的，这是一种积极的、自主选择的状态。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．What Is the Definition of Solitude
B．Why Should We Remain Alone in the Digital Age？　
C．Why Alone Time Is Good for You
D．How Should We Boost the Power of Solitude
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章论述了独处的好处。因此，C项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2026·泉州高二期中)Stephen Hawking was a scientist known for his work with black holes and relativity, and the author of popular science books like A Brief History of Time.
Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England. 1.______________ The political climate was also tense.The couple was living as Frank Hawking undertook research in medicine.
Hawking's father wanted him to go into medicine.2.________________ That was evident to his mother, who, along with her children, often stretched out in the backyard on summer evenings to stare up at the stars.“Stephen always had a strong sense of wonder，” she remembered.“And I could see that the stars would draw him.”
Early in his academic life, Hawking, while recognized as bright, was not an exceptional student.3.________________ But Hawking focused on pursuits outside of school; he loved board games, and he and a few close friends created new games of their own.During his teens, Hawking, along with several friends, constructed a computer out of recycled parts for solving rudimentary mathematical equations.
4．________________ He would later calculate that he averaged about an hour a day focusing on school.And yet he didn't really have to do much more than that.In 1962, he graduated with honors in natural science and went on to attend Trinity Hall at the University of Cambridge for a Ph.D．in cosmology.
5．________________ The next few years were a fruitful time for Hawking and his research.In 1973, he published his first, highly-technical book, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, with G．F.R.Ellis.
A．Hawking's birth came at an improper time for his parents, who didn't have much money.
B．With his sister Mary, Hawking devised different entry routes into the family home．
C．He loved to dance and also took an interest in rowing, becoming a team coxswain (舵手) in college.
D．But at an early age, Hawking showed a passion for science and the sky.
E．By his own account, Hawking didn't put much time into his studies.
F．In 1968, Hawking became a member of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.
G.During his first year at St.Albans School, he was the third from the bottom of his class.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的生平。
1．A　解析：上文提到霍金出生于1942年1月8日，下文说明当时政治局势也紧张，以及霍金父母生活的情况。A项承上启下，符合语境。
2．D　解析：上文说霍金的父亲希望他学医，下文表明霍金对科学和天空有兴趣。D项起到转折作用，与上文父亲希望他学医形成对比，引出下文他对天空的兴趣表现，符合语境。
3．G　解析：上文指出霍金早期在学业上不是特别出色。G项具体举例说明他在圣奥尔本斯学校第一年的成绩在班级里接近垫底，承接上文，符合语境。
4．E　解析：下文说明霍金后来计算自己每天平均花在学习上的时间约一小时。E项引出下文他学习时间少的具体情况，符合语境。
5．F　解析：下文说明接下来的几年对霍金的研究来说是成果丰硕的时期。F项提到1968年霍金成为剑桥大学天文研究所的一员，为下文他研究成果丰硕作铺垫，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2026·温州高二期中)At the closing ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the performance of 200 drummers in red 1.________________ (beat) the drum reveals drum culture in China.
The earliest reference 2.________________ a clay fired drum is in the Pottery Age.Since then, drums have been used in ancient Chinese 3.________________ (practice) such as sacrifice, military, labor and other activities.The most common use was 4.________________ (pray) to the gods for a good harvest in agriculture since people believed it could bring rain.Also, drums 5.________________ (prefer) as a military booster in the war by striking fear in the heart of the enemies.In the Tang and Song Dynasties, drums were put into 6.______________ (wide) use in the lives of the public than before.One good example was “Taiping drum”， 7._______________ (characterize) as a means to express hope for peace and prosperity.
Today, drum culture takes its existence far beyond 8.________________ of a musical instrument 9.________________ contributes a lot to the local culture and history.In the meantime, drums of different types across China further promote drum culture, 10.________________ prosperity reflects the stability and prosperity of Chinese society.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章回顾了中国鼓文化：自古用于祭祀、军事、农耕，唐宋普及太平鼓，今日成为地方文化象征，彰显社会稳定繁荣。
1．beating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，beat和逻辑主语drummers之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。
2．to　解析：考查介词。reference to sth.意为“关于某事的提及”，是固定搭配。
3．practices　解析：考查名词复数。practice在此处为名词，表示“活动、习俗”，下文提到了祭祀、军事、农耕等多种活动，应用复数。
4．to pray　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式作表语，表示目的。
5．were preferred　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语drums与prefer之间为被动关系，且根据上下文语境可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语drums为复数，be动词应用were。
6．wider　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据than可知，此处应用形容词比较级作定语。
7．characterized　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，它和逻辑主语“太平鼓”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。
8．that　解析：考查代词。根据句意可知，beyond后应用that指代上文单数名词existence。
9．and　解析：考查连词。contributes和上文的takes形成并列关系，应用连词and。
10．whose　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为drum culture，空处在从句中作定语，与prosperity为所属关系，应用whose引导。

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