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Period 2　Learning About Language
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
(1)(教材P38)We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
通过观察他人的肢体语言，我们能够了解很多他们的想法。
(2)(教材P38)However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。
(3)Although it was getting dark, the students continued doing/to do their homework in the classroom.
尽管天色渐渐暗了下来，学生们还是继续在教室里做作业。
(4)I remember meeting my deskmate for the first time on the first day of junior high school.
我记得初中开学第一天，我第一次见到了我的同桌。
(5)Please remember to bring your textbook to class tomorrow, or you will miss the important content.
请记得明天把你的课本带到教室，不然你会错过重要的内容。
(6)The classroom is very dirty after the party and requires cleaning/to be cleaned thoroughly.
派对结束后教室很脏，需要彻底打扫。
1．有些及物动词之后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常用的动词及搭配有：
avoid、miss、delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise、finish、practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy、imagine、consider 喜欢想象要考虑
admit、deny、envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape、risk、excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand、keep、mind 忍受保持不介意
2．有些动词后面，如start、 begin、 continue等，既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，两者意思差别不大。
3．有些及物动词后既可接动词-ing形式作宾语，又可接动词不定式作宾语，但两者意思差别较大，常见的有：
4．介词后面直接跟动词时，需要用动词-ing形式作宾语。下列短语后接动词-ing形式，to为介词：
be used/accustomed to(习惯于)、devote/dedicate oneself to(献身于)、get down to(开始做)、stick to(坚持)、lead to(导致)、pay attention to(注意)、look forward to(期待)、attach great importance to(认为……有重要意义)、an/the approach to(……的方法)等。
5．有些动词可接动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式，如：need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。
二、动词-ing形式作表语
(1)(教材P38)The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.　关键是要以一种适合你所处文化的方式来使用肢体语言。
(2)(教材P39)A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.　用餐后用手在胃部转圈是表示“我吃饱了”的好方法。
(3)The movie about environmental protection we watched yesterday is so inspiring.
我们昨天看的那部环保主题电影非常鼓舞人心。
1．动词-ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语通常可以交换位置。
2．动词-ing形式作表语，可以表示主语的某种性质或特点，这类词可以看作形容词，且表语与主语不可互换。
　
动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使主语具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
*I am surprised at what you have said and what you have done.
我对你所说的和所做的感到惊讶。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·浙江卷1月)I know that doesn't always mean returning(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend.
2．Helping the elderly carry heavy things on the way home is quite rewarding (reward).
3．The school's old library needs decorating/to be decorated(decorate) to create a more comfortable reading environment.
4．When you leave the classroom, remember to turn(turn) off the lights and close the windows.
5．The students look forward to meeting(meet) the famous writer who will visit our school next month.
6．What he enjoys most in the morning is reading(read) English newspapers aloud.
7．After she had finished her homework, she felt exhausted(exhaust) and lay down on the bed.
8．If you join the English corner, you will find that talking with native speakers is really interesting(interest) and helpful.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．这本书之所以这么受欢迎，是因为它满是实用的知识，并且值得仔细品读。
The reason why this book is so popular is that it is full of useful knowledge and deserves reading/to be read carefully.
2．她不记得有人通知过她考试时间变更的事，所以迟到了。
She couldn't remember being told about the change of the exam time, so she was late.
3．我们在周末派对上玩的游戏既热闹又吸引人。
The game that we played at the weekend party is lively and fascinating.
4．对他来说，最大的挑战是赢得校园英语演讲比赛。
The biggest challenge for him is winning the school English speech contest．
5．她数学进步很大的原因是遇到问题时她很重视向老师求助。
The reason why she has made great progress in math is that she attaches great importance to asking teachers for help when meeting problems.突然找到的天赋
——高频语法结构之状语从句
状语从句本质是修饰主句的动作或状态，明确动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果等逻辑关系，高频句型如下：
1．时间状语从句——定格情节发展节点
核心连接词：when、while、as、since、until、as soon as、the moment/instant、before、after
*(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The moment she saw the lost little girl crying at the corner, she stopped her bike immediately.　当她看到那个走失的小女孩在角落里哭泣时，她立刻停下了自行车。
2．条件状语从句——拓展情节发展可能
核心连接词：if、unless、as/so long as、on condition that、provided/providing that
*Unless we find a way to repair the broken tent before night falls, we will have to spend the cold night in the open air.　除非我们在夜幕降临前找到修复破损帐篷的方法，否则我们只能在露天度过寒冷的夜晚。
3．让步状语从句——凸显人物性格特质
核心连接词：though/although、even if/though、while、as、no matter ＋ 疑问词、疑问词＋-ever
*Even though her feet were bleeding badly after walking for hours, she refused to give up.　尽管走了几个小时后她的脚已经流血不止，但她仍不肯放弃。
4．原因状语从句——解释人物行为动机
核心连接词：because、since、as、now that
*Since he had promised his grandma to send her fresh fruits every week, he didn't hesitate to go out even though it was raining heavily.
由于他答应奶奶每周都会给她送新鲜水果，即使下着大雨，他也没有犹豫，毅然出门。
5．结果状语从句——强化场景情感张力
核心连接词：so...that...、such...that...、so that
*The fire spread so quickly that they had no time to take their luggage.　火势蔓延得如此之快，他们甚至没有时间拿上行李。
6．目的状语从句——明确人物行动目标
核心连接词：so that、in order that、in case、for fear that
*She packed an extra coat and some medicine in her bag in case she met with bad weather or felt unwell during the trip.　她在包里多装了一件外套和一些药，以防在旅途中遇到恶劣天气或身体不适。
7．方式状语从句——细化人物动作细节
核心连接词：as、just as、as if/though、the way
*(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As I left, he gave me a hug and smiled, the same way he always had.　我离开时，他给了我一个拥抱并微笑着，那笑容一如既往。
8．比较状语从句——构建场景或人物对比
核心连接词：than、as...as...、not as/so...as...、the more...the more...
*(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I knew, at that moment, our bond was as strong as ever.
那一刻，我知道我们的关系一如既往地牢固。
9．地点状语从句——定位情节发生场景
核心连接词：where、wherever、everywhere
*Where there was once a desolate field, now there stands a beautiful garden.
曾经荒芜的土地上，如今矗立着一座美丽的花园。
——驰文思·试锋芒
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1]If there's one thing I can't stand people saying, it is “I'm not good at anything. I don't have any talent.” I just don't buy (相信) that at all. To me, everyone has at least one talent, and while it sometimes takes you a lifetime to find, it does exist. There was a time when I didn't believe that. What changed my mind was a seemingly small event that took place in 1953.
[2]At that time I was a high school student. I was a funny-looking skinny boy named Eugene Orowitz, who weighed barely 100 pounds. I was a good student, but as far as I was concerned, in just about every other department I was a loser. I wanted to fit in, to be someone and do something well. But I hadn't found anything I was good at. One sunny afternoon, our gym class went out to the school's running track. The teacher taught us all various track and field events. I was a loser in all of them. Then came the javelin(标枪). Suddenly something inside me began saying, “Try it! Try it！” I had to wait my turn, though, trying not to look too eager. Finally, when everyone had had a chance to throw—the best throw going about 30 yards—I looked at the teacher.
[3]“Hey, Orowitz, you want to try？” he asked.
[4]Embarrassed, I looked down, but managed to nod my head.
[5]“Well, come on then，” he said impatiently, and handed me the javelin. Behind me I could hear some of my classmates laughing. As I grasped the javelin in my hand, I was seized with a strange feeling—a new-found excitement. For some crazy reason, I was relaxed over what I was about to do, even though I'd never done it before. I raised the javelin over my head, took six quick steps and let the thing go. The same voice that had urged me to throw it, now told me it was a good throw.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
I watched as the javelin took off.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That night I took the javelin home with me.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一审——审情节
[1]Eugene couldn't stand people saying they had no talent, but he once didn't believe everyone has a talent until a small event in 1953 changed his mind.
[2]Eugene, who weighed barely 100 pounds, was funny-looking and skinny; he was eager to fit in and do something well. Eugene was a loser in all track and field events the teacher taught, but suddenly felt an urge to try the javelin. He tried not to look eager while waiting.
[3][4][5]Eugene felt embarrassed when the teacher asked him to try; he heard classmates laughing behind him, but felt excited when grasping the javelin. He threw it calmly though he'd never done it before.
二定——定主题：正能量原则
Eugene found his talent in throwing the javelin by courageously trying, and through constant practice, he achieved great success, proving that everyone has a talent waiting to be discovered.
三构思——构思每段三个微情节
根据第一段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] How far did the javelin fly
[Answer] The javelin sailed far, past 30, 40 and even 50 yards, much farther than the best throw before.
[Question 2] What was the reaction of Eugene's classmates and the teacher
[Answer] Everyone was shocked, whispered in amazement and began cheering; the teacher was astonished and told Eugene to keep the javelin.
[Question 3] How did Eugene feel
[Answer] Eugene was surprised and excited.
根据第二段段首句可知，下文续写内容为：
[Question 1] What did Eugene do after taking the javelin home
[Answer] He began practicing with the javelin the next day and kept practicing for six hours or more.
[Question 2] What was the result of his practice
[Answer] His practice paid off; he joined the track team and threw the javelin farther than any other high-school boy in the country that year.
[Question 3] What lesson did Eugene learn from this experience
[Answer] He realized everyone has a talent, and we shouldn't be discouraged if it doesn't appear readily.
四成文——梳理思路，完成正文
特别关注语言协同： 模仿原文的亮点词汇、语法结构和亮点句型。
One possible version：
I watched as the javelin took off. My heart quickened as I saw it continue to sail，30 yards out, then 40 yards. As it went past the 50-yard mark, it was still going. For a minute nothing was said. Then someone whispered, “Wow！” And others began cheering. Nobody could believe what I had just done. I stood there for a second, eyes wide with shock. My heart was pounding with excitement and a huge smile spread across my face. I took the javelin back to the gym teacher. “You keep the thing.” he said, still shaking his head in wonder.
That night I took the javelin home with me. As soon as the very next day arrived, I began practicing with it, and whenever the days of that summer came, I would spend six hours or more throwing it in a nearby schoolyard. By the time I was a member of the track team, all my practice paid off. That year, I threw the javelin farther than any other high-school boy in the country, reaching 211 feet. I feel strongly that we must keep our minds open; we can't let ourselves be discouraged or depressed when the talent doesn't readily appear.interaction n．交流；相互影响；互动
interact vi.交流；沟通；合作；相互交流；相互影响，相互作用
[派生词]　interactive adj.合作的；交互式的；互动的
[短语]　interact with...与……互动
vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
[派生词]　various adj.不同的；各种各样的
variety n．多样性；变化；种类
[近义词]　differ/shift
appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
[派生词]　inappropriate adj.不恰当的；不合适的
appropriately adv.恰当地；合适地
[近义词]　proper/suitable/right
[短语]　be appropriate to/for适合于
be appropriate (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事是合适的
by contrast 相比之下
[近义词]　by/in comparison
[短语]　in contrast/comparison with...与……对比
approve vi.赞成；同意　vt.批准；通过
[派生词]　approval n．赞成；同意；批准
approving adj.赞许的；许可的
disapprove vi.不赞成，反对；不批准
disapproving adj.不赞成的
[近义词]　agree/subscribe/consent
demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明
[派生词]　demonstration n．演示；示范；说明；证明；表达
gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态　vt.& vi.做手势
[近义词]　motion/sign
witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证　n．目击者；证人；证据
employ vt.使用；应用；雇用；利用(时间、精力等)；从事，忙于
[派生词]　employee n．雇员；受雇者；雇工
employer n．雇主；雇用者；老板
employment n．雇用；聘用；使用；就业；职业；工作
[近义词]　hire/engage/use/apply/take on
[反义词]　fire/dismiss v．解雇；开除
identical adj.相同的
[近义词]　same/uniform/parallel
[反义词]　different/unlike adj.不同的
[短语]　be identical to/with...与……相同
interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为　vi.& vt.口译
[派生词]　interpretation n．解释；口译
interpreter n．传译员；口译者
[近义词]　account/translate/explain
differ vi.相异；不同于
[派生词]　different adj.不同的；有差异的
difference n．差别，差异；不同
by comparison (与……)相比较
compare vt.对比，比较；将……比作
compare A to/with B　把A同B作比较
compare A to B　把A比作B
compared with/to...与……相比(放句首，在句子中作状语)
cheek n．面颊；脸颊
[联想]　tongue舌头； forehead前额； chin下巴； lip嘴唇； brow眉，眉毛； jaw颌； cheekbone 颧骨；颊骨
favour/favor vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于　n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
[派生词]　favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
unfavourable adj.不利的；不适宜的
[近义词]　prefer/have a preference for
bow vi.鞠躬；点头　vt.低(头)　n．弓；蝴蝶结
[短语]　bow one's head 低头
waist n．腰；腰部
make inferences 推理；推断
infer vt.推断
[近义词]　conclude/draw a conclusion
get through 通过；熬过(难关、困境等)
break down 消除；分解；打破；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败
barrier n．隔阂；障碍
[近义词]　hurdle/obstacle/gap
fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的
[近义词]　false/unreal/imitative
[反义词]　genuine/real/true adj.真正的
anger n．愤怒；怒气　vt.使生气；激怒
[派生词]　angry adj.生气的；愤怒的
angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地
[近义词]　annoy/boil/rage/fury
reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
rely vi.依赖；信赖；依靠
[近义词]　dependent/credible/trustworthy
[反义词]　independent adj.独立的
incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
[近义词]　accident/event/occurrence/happening
trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
[近义词]　experiment/test/try
[短语]　trial and error反复试验；不断摸索
slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的；瘦小的
[派生词]　slightly adv.略微；稍微
[近义词]　thin/lean/slim
[反义词]　strong adj.强壮的　fat adj.肥胖的
twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的　n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一
nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的
[反义词]　verbal adj.口头的；用言辞的
assessment n．评价；评定
assess vt.评估；评价
[近义词]　evaluation/estimation
internal adj.内部的；里面的
[近义词]　inner/inside/inward/interior
[反义词]　external adj.外部的；外面的
straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势　vi.摆好姿势　vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
[近义词]　posture/position
bend vt.& vi.(bent，bent) (使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
[近义词]　curve/bow/crook/twist
[反义词]　straighten v．(使)变直，变正
reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出
[近义词]　disclose/expose/uncover
clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
[短语]　clarify one's stand 阐明自己的立场
in other words 换句话说；也就是说
[近义词]　that is (to say)/namely
educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家
educate vt.教育；教导；训练
[派生词]　educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的
education n．教育；教育学；训练；培养
educational adj.有教育意义的
tendency n．趋势；倾向
tend vi.倾向于；有……的趋势，趋向；往往会
vt.& vi.照料；护理
[近义词]　trend/current/prone
lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少　adj.下面的；下方的；较小的
[近义词]　reduce/decrease
[反义词]　raise/lift/elevate v．提起，举起
[短语]　lower one's eyes 垂下眼睛
imply vt.意味着；暗示
[近义词]　suggest/mean/show/indicate/infer/hint
barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的
[近义词]　hardly/scarcely/rarely
chin n．下巴
[短语]　rest one's chin in one's hands双手托着下巴
occupy vt.占据；占用(时间、空间)；使忙碌
[派生词]　occupied adj.有人使用的，使用中的；忙于……的；被占领的
occupation n．占领；职业；工作
[近义词]　take up
stare vi.盯着看；凝视　n．凝视
[短语]　stare at凝视
ceiling n．天花板；上限
distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心
[派生词]　distracted adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的；分心的
distracting adj.令人分心的；使人心烦意乱的
distraction n．分散注意力的事；使人分心的事；注意力分散；分心
[近义词]　disturb/divert
[反义词]　focus/concentrate v．集中(注意力)
perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解
[派生词]　perception n．看法；感觉，感知；洞察力
[近义词]　detect/comprehend/come to realize
distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别；使杰出；看清；认出
[派生词]　distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的
[近义词]　tell/recognize/identify/differentiate
anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕；渴望
[派生词]　anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的
anxiously adv.焦虑地
chest n．胸部；胸膛
[近义词]　breast/bosom
embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬
[派生词]　embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的
embarrassment n．尴尬；难为情；窘迫；难堪；困境
[近义词]　awkward/uncomfortable/ashamed
ashamed adj.羞愧的；惭愧的
shame n．羞耻，羞愧；遗憾的事；惭愧
[派生词]　shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的
merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
[近义词]　only/just/simply/barely/no more than
call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；号召
[近义词]　drop in on/at/pay a visit to
bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心　n．麻烦；不便
[近义词]　disturb/trouble/irritate/annoy
weep vi.& vt.(wept，wept) 哭泣；流泪
[近义词]　cry/sob/burst into tears/burst out crying
at work 有某种影响；在工作
conflict n．矛盾；冲突　vi.冲突；抵触
[近义词]　debate/dispute/quarrel/argument
inquire/enquire vi.& vt.询问；打听
[派生词]　inquiry/enquiry n．询问；巡查
[短语]　inquire into调查，探究
inquire about询问；打听
ultimately adv.最终；最后
[近义词]　finally/eventually/at last/in the end/at length
adjust vt.调整；调节　vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯
[派生词]　adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的
adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
[近义词]　adapt/accommodate/fit/suit/regulate
intervene vi.干预；介入
[派生词]　intervention n．干涉；干预；介入
[近义词]　interfere
react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应
[派生词]　reaction n．反应；副作用；回应
[近义词]　respond/answer
[短语]　react to...对……作出反应
component n．组成部分；零件
[近义词]　element/ingredient/constituent/part/section
tone n．语气；腔调；口吻
[短语]　set the tone定调子
[Facial Expressions]
frown vi.& n.　　　 皱眉
stick one's tongue out 吐舌头
make faces/a face 做鬼脸
give a small smile 微微一笑
gaze at 凝视
look sb. in the eye(s)/face (坦然或问心无愧地)直视某人，
正视某人
glare at 怒目而视
[Head Movements]
nod one's head 点头
shake one's head 摇头
hold one's head high 昂首挺胸；抬起头来
[Hand and Foot Movements]
tiptoe n．& v. 踮着脚(走)；蹑手蹑脚(地走)
applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌
wave one's hand 挥手
thumbs up 竖起大拇指
shake hands 握手
put one's feet up 抬起脚休息
rise to one's feet 站起身来
[Arm and Leg Movements]
arm in arm 臂挽着臂
grab one's arm(s) 抓住某人的胳膊
fold one's arms 双臂交叉
cross/close one's legs 两腿交叉/并拢
话题佳句
1.Understanding different body language expressions is crucial for effective communication, especially in cross-cultural interactions.
理解不同的肢体语言表达方式对于高效沟通至关重要，尤其是在跨文化交流中。
2．Regardless of the difficulties in talking, they can understand each other by body language.
尽管在交谈上有困难，他们能通过肢体语言来理解彼此。
Period 1　Reading and Thinking
　〈读文清障〉见教材原文助读7(P252)、〈语基默写〉见默写练习(P275)
What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Spoken language.
B．Body language.
C．Communication.
D．Different cultures.
答案：B
1．What's the purpose of the second paragraph
A．To give examples of mistakes the international people make.
B．To give examples of cultural differences in body language.
C．To show how surprised we are by people's different behaviors.
D．To show how important body language is.
2．What can we infer from the example of eye contact in many Middle Eastern countries
A．Eye contact shows interest.
B．Eye contact is absolutely forbidden.
C．Body language is culture-related.
D．Looking down means respect.
3．Which of the following is probably TRUE about body language
A．Smiling has only one function in communication.
B．Nodding always means “yes” around the world.
C．Kissing on the cheek is a global greeting way.
D．Some gestures share the same meaning everywhere.
4．How does the author develop the passage
A．By giving definition.
B．By giving data.
C．By drawing conclusions.
D．By giving examples and making comparisons.
答案：1～4.BCDD
1．Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.(Para.1)
[分析]　本句是一个由but连接的并列句。后一个分句中包含the way 作先行词的定语从句。当the way 作先行词且从句中缺少状语时，从句用that/in which来引导，也可以省略关系词。
[翻译]　语言是重要的，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
2．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.(Para.4)
[分析]　本句是there be句型，其中包含三个并列的由how引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。在第二个宾语从句中，we are talking to为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词someone；第三个宾语从句中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
[翻译]　我们彼此触碰的方式、说话时与对方之间的距离、见面或分别时的行为也存在差异。
3．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(Para.6)
[分析]　本句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，主句中nothing better为“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
[翻译]　如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．take appropriate action　 采取适当行动
2．a witness to the success of the treatment
治疗成功的见证
3．an identical gesture 一个相同的手势
4．kiss the child on the cheek 亲吻孩子的脸颊
5．do me a favour 帮我一个忙
6．bow her head in shame 羞愧地低下她的头
7．tie the rope around his waist 把绳子系在他的腰上
8．a natural barrier 一道天然屏障
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．interaction [ Int r' k n] n．交流；相互影响；互动→interact vi.交流；沟通；合作；相互交流；相互影响，相互作用
2．vary ['ve ri] vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.各种各样的；不同的→variety n．多样化；变化；种类
3．approve [ 'pru v] vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；批准
4．demonstrate ['dem nstreIt] vt.表现；表达；说明；证明→demonstration n．演示；证明；表达
5．employ [Im'pl I] vt.使用；应用；雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer n．雇主；老板→employee n.雇员；雇工→employment n．雇用；使用；就业；职业；工作
6．differ ['dIf (r)] vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差异
7．anger [' ɡ (r)] n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.愤怒地
8．reliable [rI'laI bl] adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；依靠
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．The climate in this country varies from mild in the south to(从……到……之间变化) freezing in the north, where few plants can survive.
2．City life is usually noisy and fast-paced, by contrast/comparison(相比之下), life in the countryside is quiet and relaxing.
3．She studied day and night, so she finally got through(通过) the difficult entrance exam, which made her parents very proud.
4．The elevator in our building broke down(出故障) this morning, forcing us to climb the stairs to the 10th floor.
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．the way作先行词的定语从句
Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands(人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式) can also give us information about their feelings.(Para.1)
2．动词-ing形式作主语
For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes(眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛)—in some countries is a way to display interest.(Para.2)
3．动词不定式(短语)作目的状语
We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation(来道歉、问候某人、寻求帮助或者开始一段对话).(Para.6)
4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger(让自己感到更快乐、更坚强).(Para.6)
5．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend(没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了).(Para.6)
vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
【经典例句】 (教材P38)Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
(1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化；
从……到……不等
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)variety n. 多样化；变化；种类
a variety of/varieties of... 各种各样的……
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】
(1)The price of vegetables varies with the season, which is a common phenomenon in the market.
(2)我们学校提供各种各样的课外活动来帮助学生培养他们的爱好。
Our school offers a variety of/varieties of/various after-school activities to help students develop their hobbies.
(3)如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
→If you travel to Beijing, I will arrange all kinds of activities, which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace．(定语从句)
→If you travel to Beijing, I will arrange all kinds of activities, varying from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace．(动词-ing形式作定语)[应用文写作之邀请信]
approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
【经典例句】 (北师大选必二U5) At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.
起初，人们认可他的研究成果，并催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，人们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。
(1)approve sth. 批准/通过某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 赞成/同意(某人)做某事
(2)approval n. 赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准
give (one's) approval to sth. 批准/同意某事
meet with one's approval 得到某人的同意
(3)approving adj. 赞许的；许可的
approvingly adv. 赞许地；满意地
【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】
(1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Instead of correcting others when they were struggling to pronounce my name, I just smiled and nodded approvingly(approve).[读后续写之动作描写]
(2)我父母赞成我加入英语戏剧社，他们认为这能提高我的英语口语。
My parents approve of me joining the English drama club, which they think can improve my oral English.
(3)政府批准了在郊区新建一座医院，目的是提升当地的医疗服务。
→The government approved the construction of a new hospital in the suburban area, aiming to improve local medical services. (approve vt.)
→The government gave its approval to the construction of a new hospital in the suburban area, aiming to improve local medical services. (approval n．)
　
常见的表达态度的词还有biased(有偏见的)、supportive(支持的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、favourable(赞同的)、persuasive(有说服力的)、critical(批判的)、sarcastic(讽刺的)、objective(客观的)、neutral/indifferent(中立的)等。
witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证
n．目击者；证人；证据
【经典例句】 (2025·浙江卷1月读后续写)He explained how he had witnessed the strange man entering their house and how he was arrested.
他讲述了自己是如何目击那个陌生男子进入他们家，以及该男子是如何被逮捕的。
(1)witness sth. 目击/目睹某事
witness to (doing) sth. 证实(做)某事，为(做)某事作证
(2) a witness to/of sth. 某事/物的目击者/见证人/证明/证据
bear witness to 为……作证
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The old man was a witness to/of the car accident that happened on the street yesterday.
(2)The shopkeeper witnessed to seeing(see) the suspect near the crime scene, which provided crucial evidence for the police.
(3)(2023·浙江卷1月)上周末，我参加了一项名为 “认识我们身边的植物” 的有意义的活动。
Last weekend witnessed my participating in a meaningful activity named “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us”．(无生命名词作主语)[应用文写作之活动介绍]
employ vt.使用；雇用；利用(时间、精力等)；
从事，忙于
【经典例句】 After finishing her degree, she was employed as a research assistant at a famous university.
完成学业后，她被一所著名大学雇用为研究助理。
(1)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in＝sb.be employed in 忙于；从事于
employ sb. as... 雇用某人担任……
(2)employment n. 雇用；使用；就业；职业；工作
employer n. 雇主；老板
employee n. 雇员；雇工
【单句语法填空/句式升级】
(1)The employment market is competitive, so employees need to continuously upgrade their skills to meet the requirements of employers. (employ)
(2)Many young people are employed to teach(teach) in rural areas, which helps improve the local education level.
(3)The young graduate employs himself in teaching English in a middle school and has won the love of all his students.
→Employing himself in teaching English in a middle school, the young graduate has won the love of all his students. (现在分词短语作状语)
→Employed in teaching English in a middle school, the young graduate has won the love of all his students. (过去分词短语作状语)
differ vi.相异；不同于
【经典例句】 Her taste in music differs from mine; she prefers classical while I enjoy rock.
她的音乐品味和我的不一样；她更喜欢古典音乐，而我喜欢摇滚。
(1)differ from...(in...)　 (在……方面)与……不同
(2) different adj. 不同的；有区别的
be different from...(in...) 与……(在……方面)不同
(3)difference n.　　　 差别；差异；不同(之处)
make a/no difference to... 对……有/没有影响；
对……起/不起作用
tell the difference between...and... 区分……和……的不同
【单句语法填空/语段写作】
(1)Cultural traditions in the north differ from those in the south in festival customs, which reflects the diversity of our country's culture.
(2)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English.
(3)我最尊敬的人是我的数学老师，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。
The person I respect most is my maths teacher who/that differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching. In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students. In our daily routine，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong．[应用文写作之人物介绍]
favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
【经典例句】 I was going to ask you a favour, but I wasn't sure if you would have the time.
我本来想请你帮个忙，但我不确定你是否有时间。
(1)favour (doing) sth. 较喜欢(做)某事/物
(2)do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙
in favour of 赞同；支持
in sb.'s favour 有利于某人
(3)favourable adj. 有利的；适宜的；赞同的
【语段填空/语段写作】
(1)She has a favourable(favour) view of the volunteer program, as she is in favour of public welfare causes (支持公益事业) and favours devoting her spare time to community service(更愿意把业余时间投入社区服务中).
(2)请帮我一个忙，把你的相机借我用一下。晴朗的天气对我去湖边拍日落很有利。
Please do me a favour/do a favour for me and lend me your camera. The sunny weather is in my favour for taking photos of the sunset by the lake.
break down 消除；分解；打破；(机器)出故障；
(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉
【经典例句】 (外研必修二U6)It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.
塑料需要花费上百年的时间才能分解，但纸张分解所需的时间则少得多。
break away from 脱离；打破(陈规)；摒弃(陋习)
break in 打断；插嘴；闯入
break into 强行闯入；突然开始
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发
break up 分散；拆散；驱散；(关系等)破裂
break through 突破
【语境辨义/补全句子】
(1)In other words, your health will break down if you work overtime every day. (身体)垮掉
(2)The exchange program aims to break down the barriers among different cultures by mutual learning.消除
(3)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败
(4)A sudden fire broke out(突然发生火灾) in the old market. The firefighters managed to break away from the traffic jam(摆脱交通堵塞) and break through the crowd(冲破人群) to start the rescue work immediately.
reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
【经典例句】 You can rely on the responsible consultant to help you out, because he is a reliable person.
你可以依靠这个负责任的顾问来帮助你，因为他是一个可靠的人。
rely v. 信任，信赖；依赖，依靠
rely on/upon＝depend on＝count on 依靠，依赖
相信/依赖某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信/依赖……
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)(2024·全国甲卷) For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on/upon to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
(2)你可以相信，无论你遇到什么困难，你的父母都会一直支持你。
→You can rely on your parents to stand by your side no matter what difficulties you encounter.
→You can rely on your parents' standing by your side no matter what difficulties you encounter.
→You can rely on it that your parents will stand by your side no matter what difficulties you encounter.
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
【经典例句】 (教材P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
(1)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等；
(2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。
【单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换】
(1)When it comes to solving complex math problems, no student in the class is more suitable (suitable) than Lucy, because of her unique way of thinking.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
(2)在学习一门语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language.
(3)She is the most hard-working student in her class.
→No one is more hard-working than her in her class.
Words are important, but body language can also give us information about people's feelings. Body language is one of the 1.most powerful(power) means of communication. It 2.is used(use) to convey people's thoughts and opinions and to communicate with each other. When talking with others, you are not just using words, 3.but using facial expressions as well as gestures. Just like spoken language, body language 4.varies(vary) from culture to culture. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. The gestures we use for “yes” and “no” and the way 5.that we greet differ around the world. Some gestures seem 6.to have(have) the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while 7.closing(close) your eyes means “sleep”. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get 8.through difficult situations and find friends. A smile can break down 9.barriers(barrier). Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself happier and 10.stronger(strong).
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Through this interaction, I realized that by embracing my cultural identity, I was not only preserving my heritage but also enriching the lives of those around me.
2．(2023·天津卷6月)The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate(合适的) for you.
3．(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
4．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated(证明) something more important to me.
5．(译林选必四U1) But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable(可靠的) fellow in the world.
6．(北师大选必三U9) With this technology, we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical(相同的) genes in a short amount of time.
7．(外研选必二U2) In contrast to these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier(障碍) to making good use of money.
8．If he had studied harder in college, he would have been employed by that famous IT firm last year.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．My parents don't approve of me staying up late to play computer games(不赞成我熬夜玩电脑游戏) because they think it will harm my health and affect my study.
2．Most students are in favour of having more sports activities(支持开展更多体育活动) because they believe it can help them relax after long hours of study.
3．Many students witnessed to/bore witness to the kindness of the monitor(证实了班长的热心肠), who always helped classmates in need.
4．Although she is still a college student, she is employed in/employs herself in a part-time job(忙于一份兼职工作) that is related to her major.
5．Our school bus broke down on the way to the museum(我们的校车在去博物馆的路上出了故障), so we had to wait for another bus to pick us up.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Body language is an invisible but powerful tool in communication, and we often ignore how much it affects our daily interactions. 1.The way people stand, gesture or even make eye contact(人们站立、做手势乃至进行眼神交流的方式；the way作先行词的定语从句) that reveals their true feelings is more honest than words sometimes. 2.Nothing is more important than understanding body language(没有什么比理解肢体语言更重要的了；“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义) if we want to communicate effectively. For example, a smile can 3.make strangers feel welcome(让陌生人感到亲切；make＋宾语＋宾语补足语), while crossed arms may make others think we are unfriendly. 4.Maintaining a proper distance during a talk(交谈时保持恰当的距离；动词-ing形式作主语) helps make conversations go smoothly. Paying attention to small body movements enables us to avoid misunderstandings. Many people learn about body language not just for fun, but to improve their ability to get along with others. At school, teachers can use body language 5.to encourage shy students to speak up[鼓励害羞的学生大胆发言；动词不定式(短语)作目的状语]. In group discussions, leaning forward slightly shows that we are interested in others' opinions. In short, body language is a silent language that connects people deeply. We should learn to read and use it well to build better relationships.Period 3　Using Language
　〈读文清障〉见教材原文助读8(P255)、〈语基默写〉见默写练习(P277)
What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of body language.
B．Knowing students by looking at their body language.
C．The development of body language.
D．The relationship between body language and students' emotions.
答案：B
1．What will students do if they are interested in a lesson
A．Look out of the window.
B．Hide their faces in their hands.
C．Lean forward and look at the teacher.
D．Lower their heads to look at the books.
2．What does the phrase “who knows what” in paragraph 4 mean
A．The students know how to enjoy themselves.
B．The students aren't sure about their own interest.
C．Someone is aware of what interests the students.
D．The teacher has no idea what interests the students.
3．What does the author find harder to distinguish
A．When the students are sleepy.
B．When the students are troubled.
C．When the students are distracted.
D．When the students are interested.
4．How does the author develop the passage
A．By listing some phenomena.
B．By answering some questions.
C．By teaching some body language.
D．By analyzing some body language.
答案：1～4.CDBD
Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1．the whole incident 整个事件
2．on trial 在试验中
3．twin brother 孪生兄弟
4．internal organs/injuries 内脏/内伤
5．pose a threat 构成威胁
6．bend from the waist 弯下腰
7．reveal a secret 揭露一个秘密
8．clarify the present situation 澄清目前的状况
9．lower one's voice 压低声音
10．be barely able to stand 勉强能站立
11．stare blankly at the paper 茫然地看着这张纸
12．a large room with a high ceiling 一个天花板很高的大房间
13．chest infection 胸部感染
14．not merely a job 不仅仅是一份工作
15．be sorry to bother you 不好意思打扰你
16．weep for joy 高兴地流泪
17．a conflict between two cultures 两种文化间的冲突
18．an important component 一个重要的组成部分
19．a tone of surprise 惊奇的语气
Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．slight [slaIt] adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微
2．assess [ 'ses] vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定
3．educator ['ed ukeIt (r)] n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育；教导；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育；教育学；训练；培养
4．tendency ['tend nsi] n．趋势；倾向→tend vi.往往会；倾向于，趋向
5．occupy [' kjupaI] vt.占据；占用→occupation n．占领；职业；工作→occupied adj.忙于……的，使用中的；被占领的
6．distract [dI'str kt] vt.分散(注意力)；使分心→distraction n．注意力分散；分心→distracted adj.分心的；注意力分散的
7．distinguish [dI'stI ɡwI ] vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的
8．anxiety [ 'zaI ti] n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.焦急的，焦虑的
9．embarrassed [Im'b r st] adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．窘迫；难堪；困境
10．ashamed [ ' eImd] adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻，羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的→shameless adj.无耻的
11．inquire [In'kwaI (r)] vi.& vt.询问；打听→inquiry n．询问；打听
12．adjust [ 'd st] vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
13.react [ri' kt] vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；回应
Ⅲ.重点短语·再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．When the teacher walked into the classroom, all the students straightened up(挺直身子) and stopped talking at once.
2．She failed to hand in her homework for three times in a row; in other words(换句话说), she didn't follow the teacher's requirements strictly.
3．The little boy who got lost in the supermarket was staring at(盯着) the strangers around him, feeling scared and lonely.
4．If you have free time this weekend, we can call on(拜访) our former teacher who retired last year.
5．When I got home from school yesterday, my parents were at work(在工作), so I cooked dinner for myself.
Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1．how引导宾语从句
As an educator, I am often ask ed how I know what is going on in the minds of my students(我怎么知道自己的学生在想什么).(Para.1)
2．it作形式主语
At the same time, in a classroom of more than forty students, it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person(很难与每个人进行多次一对一的谈话).(Para.1)
3．when引导时间状语从句
When I talk about something difficult(当我谈论到难点时), they look confused.(Para.3)
4．部分否定
Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class(不是每个抬头看的人都在专心听讲).(Para.3)
5．with复合结构
With their chins on their hands(他们两手托着下巴), they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(Para.4)
6．while引导让步状语从句
While it is easy to perceive(尽管很容易察觉) when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(Para.5)
[分析]　此句中还含有两个when引导的宾语 从句。
7．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed(交叉他们的双臂抱在胸前，并拢或交叉他们的双腿), like they are guarding their bodies.(Para.5)
[分析]　此句中还含有who引导的定语从句。
in other words 换句话说；也就是说
【经典例句】 It is our great honour to invite you to be our guest; in other words, we really appreciate it if you could join our next interview.　我们非常荣幸邀请您成为我们的客人；换句话说，如果您能加入我们的下一次访谈，我们真的很感激。
in a/one word 总之；简言之
have a word with... 与……谈一谈
have words with... 与……拌嘴/吵架
keep/break one's word 遵守/不遵守诺言
Word comes/came that... 有消息说……
【补全语段/完成句子】
(1)Last week, I had words with my best friend(和我最好的朋友吵架了) because I forgot to help her with English.I felt sorry and promised to make it up for her.To my relief, she knew I never break my word(从不违背诺言) and believed I would keep my word(会遵守诺言).Later, I had a word with her(和她谈了谈) about our project plan.In a/one word(总而言之), being honest and keeping promises is the key to maintaining good relationships.
(2)我们正安静地上着英语课，这时有消息传来，我们学校的足球队赢得了冠军。
We were having English class quietly when word came that our school football team had won the championship．
tendency n.趋势；倾向
【经典例句】 (教材P44)People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
(1)have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
There is a growing tendency for sb.to do sth.
某人做某事的趋势日益增长。
(2)tend v. 往往会；倾向于，趋向；照料
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事，往往会做某事
tend (to)... 照料/照看……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)(2025·北京卷) People with more consistent stories tend to have(have) a stronger sense of identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose.
(2)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
(3)在现代社会，青少年花太多时间玩手机而不看书的趋势日益增长。
In modern society, there is a growing tendency for teenagers to spend too much time on mobile phones instead of reading books.
occupy vt.占据；占用
【经典例句】 Although the final exam is coming, our teacher doesn't occupy us with too much homework to give us enough rest time.
虽然期末考试快到了，但老师为了给我们充足的休息时间，不会让我们忙于太多作业。
(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth./(in) doing sth.
使某人/自己忙于(做)某事；
专心于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj.　 忙于……的；使用中的；被占领的
be occupied with sth./(in) doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业；工作
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)If you want to know more about his occupation(occupy), you can ask him directly when you meet him tomorrow.
(2)妈妈每天都忙着做家务，但她还是会抽出时间听我讲学校里的事。
→My mother occupies herself with housework/in doing housework every day, but she still finds time to listen to my school stories.
→My mother is occupied with housework/in doing housework every day, but she still finds time to listen to my school stories.
distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别
【经典例句】 As far as we all know, she has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
正如我们所知，她已经成为世界上一名杰出的排球教练。
(1)distinguish between...and... 区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from... 使……有别于……；
把……与……区分开
distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出；使著名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的
be distinguished for... 因……杰出/闻名
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)As our distinguished(distinguish) foreign language teacher, your aid can help us a lot.
(2)我们学校以出色的英语教学而闻名，这帮助很多学生考上了理想的大学。
Our school is distinguished for its excellent English teaching, which has helped many students get into ideal universities.
(3)我们的老师不仅教我们如何区分善恶，而且他还采用有趣的教学方法。
Not only does our teacher teach us how to distinguish good from evil/distinguish between good and evil, but he also employs interesting teaching methods.[应用文写作之人物介绍]
anxiety n.焦虑；担心；害怕
【经典例句】 (外研选必三U1) My anxiety drove me to try every means possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight-loss pills, but this brought me nothing but pain and poor health.
我的焦虑使得我尝试一切可能的方法去减肥，包括节食和吃减肥药，但这给我带来的只有痛苦和不健康。
(1)with anxiety 焦虑地
(2)anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的
be anxious about/for... 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for sth. 渴望某事(物)
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；焦急地
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)So anxious about/for her son's safety was the frightened mother that she turned to a volunteer organisation for help.
(2)我姐姐渴望一个出国留学的机会，所以她每天都急于提升自己的英语口语能力。
My sister is anxious for a chance to study abroad, so she is anxious to improve her English speaking skills every day.
(3)他们焦虑地看着飓风的新闻报道，心里牵挂着家人的安危。
They watched the hurricane news reports anxiously/with anxiety, worried about their family's safety.[读后续写之情感描写]
embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
【经典例句】 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)I felt so depressed and sorry, an embarrassed smile creeping into my face.
我感到非常沮丧和难过，脸上不禁露出一丝尴尬的笑容。
(1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬
be/feel embarrassed about/at... 对……感到难为情/不知所措
(2)embarrass vt. 使难堪，使尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
(3)embarrassment n. 尴尬；难为情
to one's embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)Tom feels embarrassed about/at forgetting his best friend's birthday, and he thinks it is one of the most embarrassing(embarrass) things he has ever done.
(2)Although he knew the correct answer, he was embarrassed to raise(raise) his hand because he had made mistakes many times before.
(3)令汤姆尴尬的是，他在全班面前进行英语演讲时忘词了。
→To his embarrassment, Tom forgot his lines when giving the English speech in front of the whole class.(embarrassment n．)
→Tom felt embarrassed that he forgot his lines when giving the English speech in front of the whole class.(embarrassed adj.)
→What embarrassed Tom was that he forgot his lines when giving the English speech in front of the whole class.(embarrass vt.)[读后续写之情感描写]
ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧
【经典例句】 The boy who cheated in the math test felt ashamed of his dishonest behavior and apologized to his teacher at once.
那个在数学考试中作弊的男孩为自己不诚实的行为感到羞愧，立刻向他的老师道歉了。
(1)be/feel ashamed of...　 为……感到羞耻
be/feel ashamed to do sth. 羞于/耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；让人遗憾的事
It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾。
(3)shameful adj. 丢脸的；可耻的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)When the teacher pointed out that wasting food was shameful(shame), all the students who had left leftovers on their plates were ashamed to raise(raise) their heads.
(2)如果你不参加英语演讲比赛，遗憾的是你会错失当众练习口语的机会。
If you don't take part in the English speech contest, it's a shame that you will miss the chance to practice your oral English in public.
(3)当老师表扬她诚实的时候，她微微低下了头，为前一天对父母撒谎而感到愧疚。
When the teacher praised her for her honesty, she lowered her head slightly, ashamed of having lied to her parents the day before．
call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
【经典例句】 If we want to reduce air pollution, we should call on everyone to choose public transportation instead of private cars.
如果我们想减少空气污染，就应该呼吁每个人选择公共交通工具而非私家车。
call on/upon sb.to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事
call in 召来；叫来
call for 要求；需要；(去)接
call off 取消
call up 打电话给；使回忆起
【完成句子】
(1)由于大雨，学校不得不取消运动会。
The school had to call off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
(2)我们决定叫来一位擅长电脑技术的同学来完成这项紧急任务。
We decided to call in a classmate who is good at computer skills to complete this urgent task.
(3)尽管我们多年没见，但上周去拜访老邻居时，他熟悉的笑容使我回忆起我们放学后一起玩耍的时光。
Although we haven't seen each other for years, when we called on our old neighbor last week, his familiar smile called up the days we played together after school．
bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心
n．麻烦；不便
【经典例句】 (2023·天津卷6月)We needn't bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.　我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。
bother sb.with/about sth. 为某事麻烦某人
bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事
it bothers/bothered sb.to do.../that... 使某人苦恼/烦躁的是做……/是……
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)The boy was so lazy that he didn't bother to finish/finishing(finish) his homework, so his teacher asked him to stay after class.
(2)The shy girl didn't want to bother her teacher with/about such a simple question, so she turned to her deskmate for help.
(3)听到别人在图书馆大声交谈让她感到烦躁。
It bothers her to hear others talking loudly in the library.[读后续写之情绪描写]
conflict n.矛盾；冲突　vi.冲突；抵触
【经典例句】 To resolve conflicts, we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.　为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。
(1)in conflict with... 与……冲突
come into conflict with... 与……发生冲突
(2)conflict with... 与……发生冲突
【单句语法填空/一句多译】
(1)His opinion about how to solve the problem is in conflict with ours, so we need to hold a meeting to reach an agreement.
(2)这个新生因为一件小事和同桌发生了冲突，但在老师的调解下，他们和好了。
→The new student came into conflict with his deskmate over a trivial matter, but they made up with each other after the teacher's mediation.
→The new student conflicted with his deskmate over a trivial matter, but they made up with each other after the teacher's mediation.
adjust vt.调整；调节
vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯
【经典例句】 (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted, and better at dealing with stress.
研究发现，花更多时间在户外的孩子往往更健康，适应能力更强，也更善于应对压力。
(1)adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. (使某人)适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments (to...) (对……)做出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
【单句语法填空/完成句子】
(1)When we move to a new dormitory, the adjustable(adjust) desk lamp will make it easier for us to adjust to studying(study) in a different environment.
(2)当你升入高中时，你应该尽快让自己适应更快的学习节奏。
When you enter senior high school, you should adjust yourself to the faster learning rhythm as soon as possible.
(3)老师发现这份教学计划对学生来说太难了，于是她决定对下一节课的内容做出调整。
The teacher found that the teaching plan was too difficult for students, so she decided to make an adjustment/adjustments to the content of the next class．
部分否定
【经典例句】 (教材P44)Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然，不是每个抬头看的人都在专心听讲。
“not everyone.../everyone...not”等表示部分否定，意为“并非每个人都……”。
(1)all、 both、 each、 every、 everyone、 everybody、 everything、 always、 whole、 entirely等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定；
(2)no、 none、 nobody、 nothing、 no one、 neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用，构成全部否定。
【完成句子】
(1)当我们聊到爱好的时候，并非所有人都对运动感兴趣，因为有些人喜欢阅读或绘画。
When we talk about hobbies, not all people are/all people are not interested in sports, because some of them are fond of reading or painting instead.
(2)我并非完全同意同桌对这个故事的看法，但我尊重她自由表达的权利。
I don't entirely agree with my deskmate's opinion about the story, but I respect her right to express herself freely.
(3)如果你不真诚对待朋友，那么当你陷入困境时，他们中没有一个人会愿意帮你。
If you don't treat your friends sincerely, none of them will be willing to help you when you are in trouble.
have＋宾语＋宾语补足语　
【经典例句】 (教材P44)Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies.　愤怒、害怕或者焦虑的学生可能会交叉他们的双臂抱在胸前，并拢或交叉他们的双腿，就像在保护自己的身体一样。
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构形式有：
(1)have sb.do sth.　　 让某人做某事
(2)have sb.doing sth. 允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；
使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
(3)have sth.done 让某事被做
(4)have sth.to do 有某事要做(主语自己做)
【单句语法填空/完成句子/同义替换】
(1)If you want to keep healthy, you have some good habits to develop(develop), such as getting up early and doing exercise regularly.
(2)校长不允许学生违反校规，所以任何迟到的人都会受到批评。
The head teacher won't have students breaking the school rules, so anyone who is late will be criticized.
(3)My mother never allows me to play computer games unless I finish my homework.
→My mother never allows me to play computer games unless I have my homework finished．
As a teacher, I try to know what each student is thinking about by 1.watching (watch) their body language.Recognizing 2.when students are interested in a lesson is easy.Most students tend 3.to look(look) up and make eye contact and sometimes they lean forward and look at me.If a student lowers his head to look at his watch，it implies he is 4.bored(bore).If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are 5.probably(probable) writing notes to each other.Some students are easy to be distracted.Instead of looking at me，they spend all their time looking anywhere.Then again，some students prefer daydreaming. 6.With their chins on their hands，they occupy 7.themselves(they) by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.In these 8.cases(case)，they should 9.be reminded(remind) to concentrate.Reacting to body language is 10.an important component of being a teacher.
Ⅰ.品句填词
1．The height of this chair is adjustable, accommodating users of different heights.
2．The smart girl is accustomed to dealing with all kinds of people in her present occupation(职业).
3．Just quit complaining.What matters now is how to get out of such an embarrassing (令人尴尬的) situation.
4．We should not be ashamed of our mistakes, as it is part of learning and growing.
5．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency to be full of optimism about life.
6．Having clarified(阐明) his opinion of the incident, Mr. Smith sat down and listened to others'.
7．(2023·浙江卷1月) She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely(几乎不) able to move her wings.
8．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ) She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which ultimately(最终) led her to getting surgery.
Ⅱ.词块运用
1．They decided to visit this city during the summer vacation, because it is distinguished for its pleasant climate and beautiful natural scenery(它以宜人的气候和优美的自然风光而闻名).
2．When the final exam is around the corner, most students occupy themselves/are occupied in reviewing all the key points(忙着复习所有重点).　
3．When we travel abroad, we must respect local customs and shouldn't do anything in conflict with their cultural traditions(与他们的文化传统相冲突).
4．If you want to make your room look brighter, you should have the walls painted white(请人把墙壁刷成白色) next weekend.
5．We should be patient with children, because they tend to make mistakes(他们往往会犯错) when they are learning new skills for the first time.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
Boys and girls，
1．It's my great honour to be here to deliver a speech about body language(我很荣幸能在这里做一个关于肢体语言的演讲；it 作形式主语).
Body language plays an important role in people's daily interaction with others because 2．not all information can be conveyed through verbal communication(不是所有的信息都可以通过言语交流来传达；部分否定).Using body language enables us to bridge the gap between people from different backgrounds, thus 3.having our situation improved(使我们的情况得到改善；have＋宾语＋宾语补足语). How can we put body language to good use
First and foremost, 4.when we are communicating with others(当我们与他人交流时；when 引导时间状语从句), keep smiling and maintain eye contact. This will show others that we are good listeners and in turn they will listen to us attentively. What's more, 5.with our attention fully fixed on the conversation(我们把注意力完全集中在对话上；with 复合结构), we can respond more appropriately. For example, while listening, we need to nod our heads from time to time so that others can feel our sincerity. Most importantly, always bear in mind that when in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Hopefully, you can now have a deeper understanding of body language and find the above-mentioned tips beneficial.
Thank you.Period 4　Writing
写作一　应用文写作(描述肢体语言的说明文)
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办 “跨文化交流” 主题征文活动，请你写一篇短文，介绍肢体语言的重要性及注意事项，内容包括：
1.肢体语言的作用(补充口头交流，传递情感)；
2.不同文化中肢体语言的差异；
3.建议大家合理运用肢体语言。
要求：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
　审题谋篇
　遣词造句
巧妙对接单元词汇
1．interaction n. 交流；相互影响
2．bow vi. 鞠躬
3．differ from... 不同于……
4．gesture n. 手势
5．distinguish vi.&vt. 区分；辨别
巧用单元句式、语法
[第一段]　描述肢体语言的作用
1．谈及跨文化交流，肢体语言是沟通中不可或缺的一部分。
When it comes to cross-cultural interaction, body language is an indispensable part of communication.
2．肢体语言能够补充口头交流，还能更直接地传递情感。
Body language can supplement verbal communication and convey emotions more directly．
[第二段]　不同文化中肢体语言的差异
3．肢体语言在不同文化中存在差异。
Body language differs from culture to culture．
4．日本人通常会鞠躬以示尊重，而在中国，握手则是一种常见礼节。
People in Japan usually bow to show respect, while a handshake is common in China．
5．如果我们忽视这些差异，我们使用手势的方式就可能引发误解。(the way作先行词的定语从句)
The way we use gestures may cause misunderstandings if we ignore such differences.
[第三段]　合理运用肢体语言
6．为了避免这种情况，我们应当学会区分不同文化中手势的含义。
To avoid this, we should learn to distinguish the meanings of gestures in different cultures．
7．我们可以先掌握一些基本规则。
We can master some basic rules first.
8．这样一来，我们能够让跨文化沟通变得更加顺畅和愉悦。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
In this way, we can make cross-cultural communication more smooth and pleasant．
靓化表达促提升
9．用“not only...but also...”改写句2
Body language can not only supplement verbal communication but also convey emotions more directly.
10．用“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”改写句7
We can have some basic rules mastered first.
　衔接成篇
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Importance of Body Language
in Cross-cultural Communication
When it comes to cross-cultural interaction, body language is an indispensable part of communication. Body language can not only supplement verbal communication but also convey emotions more directly.
However, body language differs from culture to culture.For example, people in Japan usually bow to show respect, while a handshake is common in China.The way we use gestures may cause misunderstandings if we ignore such differences.
To avoid this, we should learn to distinguish the meanings of gestures in different cultures.We can have some basic rules mastered first. In this way, we can make cross-cultural communication more smooth and pleasant.
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友托尼(Tony)下个月即将随父母到中国待一段时间，他非常担心因为语言不通而交流困难。请你给他写一封电子邮件，建议他借助肢体语言进行交流。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Tony，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Tony，
How pleased I am to hear that you will pay a visit to China! There is no need for you to be upset about communicating with Chinese people.
When interacting with Chinese, not only can you employ the words you know, but also you can use nonverbal behaviour.For example, when we Chinese run into each other, we often shake hands lightly to express greetings, but it is thought impolite to do so with gloves on. During a conversation, the listener is expected to make eye contact with the speaker, reacting with “um” or a nod occasionally, which indicates that he or she is focusing on what is being said.
I wish you all the best during your stay in China.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一段肢体语言的作用 1.Body language is a silent form of communication that can convey more emotions than words sometimes.　肢体语言是一种无声的交流方式，它有时比话语更能传递丰富的情感。2.A smile with eyes shining is the most universal gesture that shows friendliness around the world.　眼神明亮的微笑是全球通用的姿态，它传递着友善的信号。3.We can have our true feelings understood better by using appropriate body language in daily interaction.　在日常交流中，恰当使用肢体语言能让我们的真实想法更好地被他人理解。4.A simple nod or smile in body language can convey approval clearly, which sometimes words fail to do quickly.肢体语言中一个简单的点头或微笑就能清晰传递认可，这一点有时语言无法快速做到。5.Body language can often reveal a person's true feelings even when their words say something different.　肢体语言往往能揭露一个人真实的想法，即便他们的言语并非如此。
第二段不同文化中肢体语言的差异 1.Not all gestures have the same meaning across different cultures, so we need to be careful when using them.　并非所有手势在不同文化中都有相同含义，因此我们使用时需要格外谨慎。2.It is important to distinguish the differences between gestures from Eastern and Western cultures.区分东西方文化中手势的差异是十分重要的。3.While nodding means “yes” in China, it may represent disagreement in some Middle Eastern countries.　尽管点头在中国表示 “同意”，但在一些中东国家却可能代表 “反对”4.Maintaining proper eye contact is a sign of respect, but staring at someone for too long is considered rude.　保持适当的眼神交流是尊重他人的表现，但长时间盯着别人看会被视作不礼貌。5.Even though smiling is generally a universal sign of friendliness, in some Asian cultures, smiling can also indicate embarrassment or discomfort.即使微笑通常是友好的一种普遍标志，但在一些亚洲文化中，微笑也可能表示尴尬或不适。6.While pointing at something with your index finger is common in Western societies, in some Asian and African cultures, it can be considered impolite or disrespectful.虽然在西方社会用你的食指指向某物是很常见的，但在一些亚洲和非洲文化中，这可能被认为是不礼貌或不尊重的。
第三段掌握肢体语言的意义 1.Mastering proper body language can help you express your thoughts more clearly and enhance the effectiveness of communication.掌握恰当的肢体语言能够帮助你更清晰地表达想法，提升沟通效率。2.It is of great significance to learn body language well, especially when you communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds.　学好肢体语言意义重大，尤其是在你与不同文化背景的人交流时。3.Those who have a good command of body language are more likely to build trust and good relationships with others quickly.　精通肢体语言的人更有可能快速与他人建立信任和良好的关系。4.Learning to read and use body language well can help you reduce communication barriers and improve your social competence.　学会读懂并善用肢体语言能帮你减少沟通障碍，提升社交能力。5.If one learns to interpret body language accurately, then he can better navigate social interactions in both personal and professional settings.　如果一个人学会准确解读肢体语言，那么他就可以更好地在个人和职业环境中进行社交互动。
写作二　场景微续写(跨越无声障碍)
——有效强化教考衔接
词汇积累 [人物描写]　interaction, approve, gesture, witness, cheek, waist, anger, reliable, twin, pose, educator, chin, chest, weep, tone[情感描写]　break down, anxiety, embarrassed, ashamed[动作描写]　vary, demonstrate, employ, interpret, favour, bow, make inferences, assess, straighten up, bend, clarify, lower, occupy, stare, call on, inquire, adjust, react
佳句积累 [排比]　1.There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.2.Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually.[动作描写]　1.Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies.2.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
——积累内化应用提升
[场景呈现]　上周六，我在一个街边小摊目睹了一场感人的互动。一位聋哑男士想买一顶帽子，但摊主无法从他模糊的手势中推断出意图，这让两人都满心焦虑。这位男士面露窘迫，努力指着自己的头和帽子，试图阐明自己的需求。
就在这时，一位善良的女孩走上前来。她把自己的手势调整成了可靠的手语，这套手语和男士的略有不同。她面带温柔的微笑，帮男士快速确认好了尺码。这一举动彻底打破了沟通的隔阂。男士感激地点点头回应，竖起了大拇指。摊主则为自己理解迟钝而感到惭愧。
我们都知道，没有什么比在他人需要时，用小小的手势使陌生人感到温暖更有意义的了。
Last Saturday, I witnessed a touching interaction at a street stall.A deaf-mute man wanted to buy a hat, but the vendor failed to make inferences from his unclear gestures, 1.which filled both with anxiety(which引导非限制性定语从句).The man looked embarrassed, 2.trying hard to clarify his needs by pointing at his head and the hats(现在分词短语作状语).
Just then, a kind girl approached.She adjusted her gestures into reliable sign language 3.that/which varied a little from the man's(定语从句). 4.With a gentle smile on her face(with复合结构), she helped the man 5.have his size confirmed quickly(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语).This broke down the communication barrier completely.The man reacted with a grateful nod and thumbs-up.The vendor felt ashamed for his slowness in understanding.
As we all know, 6.nothing is more meaningful than using small gestures to make strangers feel warm in times of need(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义).
短语必记 1.butterflies in the stomach 忐忑不安2.lose one's nerve 慌张；胆怯3.be on pins and needles 如坐针毡4.pace restlessly up and down 不安地踱来踱去5.like ants on a hot pan 像热锅上的蚂蚁；极度焦虑6.be on edge 如坐针毡；极度紧张
必背金句 1.As the result was about to be announced, everyone in the room held their breath, feeling a mix of nervousness and anticipation.结果即将公布，房间里的每个人都屏住了呼吸，心里既紧张又期待。2.Nervousness overwhelmed him, and he stammered so badly that he could barely finish his sentence.紧张感席卷了他，他结巴得如此厉害，以至于几乎连一句话都说不完。3.Her hands were trembling slightly as she stood on the stage, and her heart was pounding with anxiety.站在舞台上时，她的手微微发抖，内心因焦虑而怦怦直跳。4.Anxiety made her mind go blank, and she stared at the question paper without knowing how to start writing.焦虑让她大脑一片空白，她盯着试卷，不知道该如何下笔。5.It was obvious that he was nervous—he kept pacing up and down the room and couldn't stop biting his lips.很明显他很紧张，一直在房间里踱来踱去，还忍不住咬嘴唇。[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to work remotely, especially with the advancement of technology.
2．Occupying(occupy) herself in preparing for the tests, she couldn't go to the cinema with me.
3．Mount Tai is distinguished(distinguish) for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture, attracting visitors all over the world.
4．The school's coach was afraid that David would feel embarrassed(embarrass) to be laughed at by kids from other schools if he failed in the big cross-country run.
5．It is shameful(shame) that some people waste so much food, while many others are starving.
6．Teachers are making the final assessments(assess) for students' end-of-term grades.
7．(2025·北京卷) Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly(slight) longer.
8．When she stood on the stage to give a speech, a wave of anxiety(anxious) hit her suddenly, but she calmed herself down quickly and finished it smoothly.
9．The teacher made a small adjustment(adjust) to the group work plan, and this change helped all students participate more actively.
10．When we told our parents about the school trip plan, their reaction(react) was surprisingly positive, and they even offered to help us prepare snacks.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to take(take) action for a greener earth.
2．Though Sue is my good friend, I won't have her cheating(cheat) in the exam.
3．After moving to a new city, he took some time to adjust to getting(get) up early for work.
4．Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish right from wrong.
5．Occupied in getting ready for the meeting, she couldn't afford any time for the party.
6．When we are in a meeting, we should focus on the topic and not bother others with/about irrelevant topics.
7．Don't be embarrassed to try(try) something new just because you might look awkward at first.
8．He is waiting for the results with anxiety as if he were sitting on pins and needles.
9．Word came that our school would hold a sports meeting next month, and all the students started to prepare for their events excitedly.
10．In times of stress, he has a tendency to eat(eat) unhealthy snacks.
维度三　完成句子/一句多译
1．并非所有学生都喜欢熬夜学习，有些人更愿意在白天高效完成作业。(部分否定)
Not all students like/All students don't like to stay up late to study, and some of them prefer to finish their homework efficiently during the daytime.
2．莉莉昨天请人修理了她坏掉的自行车，所以今天她可以和同学们一起骑车上学了。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Lily had her broken bike repaired yesterday, so she can ride it to school with her classmates today.
3．最后但同样重要的是，如果使用得当，机器人不会与人类发生冲突。
Last but not least, if it is used wisely, a robot will not conflict with/come into conflict with human beings．
4．同桌上课一直说话让我很心烦，于是我提醒她认真听老师讲课。
It bothered me that my deskmate kept talking during the class, so I reminded her to listen to the teacher carefully.
5．他在众人面前指出了我的错误使我感到难为情。
(1)I felt embarrassed that he pointed out my mistake in front of everyone. (embarrassed adj.)
(2)To my embarrassment, he pointed out my mistake in front of everyone. (embarrassment n．)
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自外研必修一U2】
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English I hadn't, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn't. This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”．
Even the smallest words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
1．How does the author develop the passage
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the way of spelling.
D．By following the order of importance.
2．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A．Because the English words show everything around us.　
B．Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C．Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D．Because the English words are unique in the world.
3．What do the two phrases “wind up” mean in the last sentence
A．They both mean “turn a handle”．
B．They both mean “finish or stop doing sth.”．
C．The first means “turn a handle”， and the second means “finish or stop doing sth.”．
D．The first means “finish or stop doing sth.”， and the second means “turn a handle”．
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To explain how English was created.
B．To give advice on how to learn English.
C．To tell us that English is very difficult to learn.
D．To show that English is interesting and creative.
答案：1～4.ACCD
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2026·潮州高二上学期期中)A smile is often considered a universal sign of happiness, but science reveals its effects are far more profound. Research conducted by psychologists suggests that the simple act of smiling can actively influence our emotions and physiology.
This phenomenon is linked to the “facial feedback hypothesis”. What this theory proposes is that our facial expressions can send feedback to our brain, affecting our emotional state. Forcing a smile during a stressful situation, even if you don't feel like it, can lead to a lower heart rate and reduce the intensity of stress. It is as though the brain interprets the muscle movements of a smile as happiness, leading to a genuine improvement in mood.
The benefits extend beyond stress reduction. Smiling is seen as a friendly and approachable signal in social interactions. It can break down barriers, apologise without words, and make difficult conversations easier. Experts, who have studied this for years, recommend smiling at yourself in the mirror to start the day on a positive note.
Understanding the science behind a smile provides us with a powerful, readily available tool. It's not about denying negative emotions but about using our body's own mechanisms to cultivate resilience. Whether it's a slight curve of the lips or a broad grin, the message is clear: the simple act of smiling holds the potential to change not only how others perceive us but also how we experience the world ourselves. It is indeed a small gesture with a significant impact.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了微笑不仅能改善情绪、缓解压力，还能促进社交、培养心理韧性。
1．What can be inferred if someone forces a smile during a brief stressful task
A．Their heart rate will likely rise significantly.
B．Their muscle fatigue will immediately disappear.
C．Their emotional state will remain completely unchanged.
D．Their perceived stress intensity may decrease.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Forcing a smile...can lead to a lower heart rate and reduce the intensity of stress.”可推知，在压力大的情况下微笑，感知压力强度可能下降。
2．What specific recommendation do experts give to start the day positively
A．Avoid looking in the mirror.
B．Smile at oneself in the mirror.
C．Perform 30 minutes of cardio exercise.
D．Write down three negative thoughts.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Experts...at yourself in the mirror to start the day on a positive note.”可知，专家建议对着镜子微笑开启积极的一天。
3．Which social function of smiling is mentioned in the passage
A．Replacing spoken apologies.
B．Increasing personal attractiveness instantly.
C．Resolving all interpersonal conflicts.
D．Guaranteeing successful negotiations.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Smiling is seen as...apologise without words”可知，微笑可替代口头道歉。
4．How does the author view the act of smiling
A．As a meaningless social habit.
B．As only effective when it is genuine.
C．As a readily available self-help mechanism.
D．As a replacement for medical treatment.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“a powerful, readily available tool”与“a small gesture with significant impact”可推知，作者将微笑视为一种容易获取的自助机制。
B
(2026·山东省实验中学高二期中)Previously thought to be an exclusively human skill, knowing when a friend could use a clue appears to be a talent we share with our primate (灵长类) cousins. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland observed bonobos (倭黑猩猩) in a recent study pointing to a human experimenter in the direction of treats they wished to swallow up.
In the study's experiments, three male bonobos took turns to play a game with an experimenter where treats were hidden under upturned cups—sometimes while the experimenter was watching, and sometimes not. If the experimenter found the treat, it would be given to the bonobo, providing a motivation for the bonobos to share what they knew.
The experiments showed the bonobos were more likely to gesture and to point more quickly at the cup hiding the treat when the experimenter didn't know which cup hid the treat. It seems like a simple action, but it's actually a new insight into how our closest relatives can think and assess the perspective of others. Previous studies have observed the bonobos warning their companions of danger, but these recent experiments remove elements of group mentality and survival ability, exploring cognitive functions of individuals.
“The ability to sense gaps in one another's knowledge is at the heart of our most advanced social behaviors, central to the ways we cooperate, communicate, and work together strategically，” says psychologist Chris Krupenye.
“What we've shown here is that bonobos will communicate with a partner to change their behavior, but a key open question for further research is whether they are also pointing to change their partner's mental state or their beliefs，” says psychologist Luke Townrow. This theory of mind—the capacity to understand that others have mental states of belief or perspective that might be different from one's own—has typically been thought to distinguish human cognition from that of other animals.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现倭黑猩猩能感知他人知识缺口并通过手势沟通，同时提及该研究对进一步探索其心智理论的意义。
5．What is a task of the experimenter
A．Monitor the treats.
B．Signal to the bonobos.
C．Hide the treats under a cup.
D．Pick out the cup with treats.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the study's experiments...it would be given to the bonobo”可知，实验者的任务之一是找出藏有食物的杯子。
6．In the experiments, what change in bonobos was observed
A．The eagerness of their gestures.
B．The responses to getting the treats.
C．The flexibility of their movements.
D．The feelings about the experimenter.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The experiments showed the bonobos...which cup hid the treat.”可知，观察到的倭黑猩猩的变化是它们手势的急切程度——在实验者不知情时更倾向于手势示意且指向更快。
7．What is the finding of the study
A．Bonobos can warn others of danger.
B．Bonobos have a sense of community.
C．Bonobos are good at using body language.
D．Bonobos can judge others' state of knowledge.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It seems like a simple action...think and assess the perspective of others.”及第四段内容可知，该研究的发现是倭黑猩猩能够判断他人的知识状态。
8．What key question will the further study explore about bonobos
A．How they form their perspectives.
B．How they communicate with others.
C．Whether they can influence others' mind.
D．Whether they can develop mental beliefs.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but a key open question...mental state or their beliefs”可推知，后续研究将探索倭黑猩猩是否能影响他人的心智。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2026·湛江高二上学期期中)
Body Language Across Cultures
Body language is not the same in all countries. 1.________________ What is polite in one culture may be rude in another. So it's important to know these differences when you meet people from other countries.
In some Western countries, shaking hands is a common way to greet someone. 2.________________ But in Japan, people often bow to say hello or goodbye. The deeper the bow, the more respect they show.
Another example is eye contact. 3.________________ But in some Asian countries, looking directly at someone for a long time may be seen as impolite. People there often look down a little when talking to elders.
Gestures can also be different. 4.________________ But in some Middle Eastern countries, this gesture is very rude. Also, putting your thumb up means “good” in many places, but it's bad in some countries like Iran.
5．________________ Learning about these differences can help you avoid mistakes and show respect to people from other cultures.
A．It's important to learn foreign languages.
B．In Western countries, eye contact is a sign of honesty.
C．Different cultures have different body language rules.
D．People shake hands firmly to show they are serious.
E.So it's a good idea to learn about other cultures' body language.
F.For example, waving your hand to say “hello” is common in many places.
G．You can always use the same body language in different countries.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同文化中肢体语言的差异及其跨文化交流的重要性。
1．C　解析：上文提到不同国家的肢体语言不同，下文提到一种文化中的礼貌行为在另一种文化中可能是粗鲁的。C项承上启下，符合语境。
2．D　解析：上文提到在一些西方国家，握手是常见的问候方式，空处应解释西方国家握手的含义。D项符合语境。
3．B　解析：上文提到眼神交流，下文谈到在一些亚洲国家，长时间直视他人被视为不礼貌，空处应说明西方国家眼神交流的意义。B项符合语境。
4．F　解析：上文提到手势也有差异，下文举例说明竖大拇指在不同地方含义不同，空处应举另一个关于手势的例子。F项符合语境。
5．E　解析：下文介绍了了解肢体语言差异的好处，空处应表明要学习其他文化的肢体语言。E项承上启下，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2026·茂名一中高二上学期期中)You don't get a second chance to make a first impression—this was the theme of International Public Speaking Competition (IPSC). Thirty-three young speakers aged 16 to 20 from around the world 1 The English Speaking Union to tell their stories, including Wu Dongxu from China. To him, the event wasn't just about giving a 2 on first impressions, but it also made a strong impression on him.
“Rather than a competition, the 3 was more like an enlightening research trip to me, which 4 me to see firsthand the differences and 5 between Chinese and foreign cultures，” said Wu.
Apart from the 6 differences in food, transportation and climate, what 7 Wu the most was the distinct styles of Chinese and foreign public speaking.
Although still a teen, Wu is no stranger to the public speaking podium (讲台). But on the stage of the IPSC, speakers had no podium to 8 behind. They just had to 9 the audience. “It made me realize how 10 eye contact and body language are，” said Wu. Speakers have the freedom to express more information with their gestures 11 just words.
Another difference that caught Wu's 12 was the evaluation criteria (评价标准). To his surprise, the IPSC organizing committee informed all the contestants before the 13 that accents and grammatical errors would not be considered in the evaluation process, meaning that the expression of feelings and your conveyed story are what matter most.
“Audiences are 14 to hear powerful stories, 15 those that resonate (引起共鸣) with people regardless of where they are from，” said Wu.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国学生吴东旭参加国际演讲比赛的所见所感。
1．A．played around B．gathered at
C．chatted in D．discussed about
B　解析：根据上文“Thirty-three young speakers aged 16 to 20 from around the world”可知，来自世界各地的33名年龄在16岁至20岁之间的年轻人聚集(gather at)在英语口语联盟。
2．A．speech B．treat
C．report D．lesson
A　解析：根据上文“to tell their stories”可知，此处指关于第一印象的演讲(speech)。
3．A．exercise B．discovery
C．experience D．job
C　解析：根据上文“Rather than a competition”可知，此处指这场比赛也是一次经历(experience)。
4．A．invited B．asked
C．chose D．allowed
D　解析：根据下文“me to see firsthand the differences and _______ between Chinese and foreign cultures”可知，这场比赛让吴东旭能够看到中外文化的差异与相似之处(similarity)。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。
5．A．warnings B．examples
C．similarities D．entertainments
C　解析：参见上题解析。
6．A．special B．awful
C．unbelievable D．obvious
D　解析：根据下文“differences in food, transportation and climate”可知，中外文化在饮食、交通和气候方面存在明显的(obvious)差异。
7．A．impressed B．moved
C．frightened D．worried
A　解析：根据下文“Wu the most was the distinct styles of Chinese and foreign public speaking”可知，让吴东旭印象最深(impress)的是中外截然不同的公开演讲风格。
8．A．sit B．stand
C．climb D．jump
B　解析：根据上文“Although still a teen, Wu is no stranger to the public speaking podium.”以及常识可知，此处指演讲者没有讲台可以站(stand)在后面，他们需要面对(face)观众。
9．A．please B．face
C．amuse D．trust
B　解析：参见上题解析。
10．A．famous B．boring
C．hard D．important
D　解析：根据下文“eye contact and body language are”可知，面对观众时，眼神交流和肢体语言是重要的(important)。
11．A．instead of B．along with
C．because of D．according to
A　解析：根据上文“Speakers have the freedom to express more information with their gestures”可知，演讲者可以自由地用手势表达更多的信息，而不是(instead of)仅仅用语言。
12．A．attention B．breath
C．step D．word
A　解析：根据上文“Another difference that caught Wu's”可知，此处指另一个吸引吴东旭注意力(attention)的差异是评价标准。
13．A．performance B．trip
C．event D．research
C　解析：根据上文“the IPSC organizing committee informed all the contestants before the”可知，主办方是在活动(event)之前通知参赛者。
14．A．difficult B．sorry
C．careful D．eager
D　解析：根据下文“to hear powerful stories”可知，此处指观众渴望(eager)听到震撼人心的故事，尤其(especially)是能引起共鸣的事。
15．A．namely B．especially
C．definitely D．naturally
B　解析：参见上题解析。非遗传承之中国服饰文化
【高频词汇】
1．style n. 风格
2．fashionable adj. 时髦的
3．elegant adj. 优雅的
4．decent adj. 得体的
5．embroider v. 刺绣
6．dye v. 给……染色
7．delicate adj. 精美的
8．display the grace and dignity 展示优雅与端庄
9．be of great cultural significance 具有重大的文化意蕴
10．be associated with... 和……联系在一起
【话题佳句】
1．Clothes are an essential part of people's lives, which are formed in history and greatly influenced by climate, local lifestyle and people's beliefs.
衣服是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它们形成于历史进程中，并深受气候、当地生活方式和人们信仰的影响。
2．Most of the decorative patterns of Hanfu are based on animals, plants and geometric patterns, containing profound cultural connotations and showing the spirit of Han people in pursuing the unity of human and nature, standing aloof from worldly affairs and being generous and benevolent.
汉服的大多数装饰图案都是以动物、植物和几何图案为基础，蕴含着深厚的文化内涵，展现了汉族人民追求人与自然统一、与世无争、慷慨仁慈的精神。
3．Qipao, a traditional dress for females in China, is known as one of the symbols of traditional Chinese costumes and an irreplaceable cultural heritage in the fashion world.
旗袍，中国女性的传统服饰，被誉为中国传统服饰的象征之一，也是时尚界不可替代的文化遗产。
Xinjiang: A Living Tapestry (织锦) of Intangible
Cultural Heritage
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwest China, vast in territory and rich in 1.resources(resource), has long been home to diverse ethnic groups living together for centuries. Its splendid intangible cultural heritage shines like a living epic, telling stories of 2.timeless(time) wisdom and emotion. These treasures are not only carriers of tradition but also windows into the region's unique charm. Let us explore some of Xinjiang's most remarkable forms of living heritage.
Xinjiang handmade carpet
As the crossroads of the ancient Silk Road, Xinjiang 3.has been(be) the cradle of carpet-making for over 2，000 years. Archaeological finds trace its woolen handwoven carpets back millennia, 4.showcasing(showcase) influences from many cultures. The carpets feature motifs of plants, flowers, fruits, branches, animals and geometric designs.
Among them, Hotan carpet is Xinjiang's most famous name card. 5.Made (make) of high-quality semi-coarse wool, it is prized for its elasticity, resilience and vibrant colors. The carpets are crafted with great care, involving spinning and dyeing wool, carefully designing patterns, and weaving on vertical looms 6.where thousands of knots form durable carpets with crisp patterns on both sides. After months of labor—weaving, washing, drying, shearing, and trimming—7.a masterpiece emerges. Xinjiang carpets are highly acclaimed globally, with exports reaching Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.
Atlas silk weaving and dyeing
Atlas silk, meaning “graceful” in the Uyghur language, is a millennium-old craft renowned 8.for its softness, lightness and brilliant colors. Listed as China's National Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2018, it is hailed as “the last silk-making handicraft of the 21st century” 9.and “a living fossil along the Silk Road”．
Using the traditional ikat technique, artisans tie and dye warp threads before weaving, creating flowing, blurred motifs such as pomegranates, almonds, ram's horns, the rawap lute and hand drums—symbols of Xinjiang's multicultural heritage.
Traditional Atlas silk 10.typically(typical) features four main shades—black, red, yellow and multi-color—while modern artisans continue to innovate with expanded palettes.
Why Do Cats Purr
Adapted from BBC
We've all heard cats meow and hiss, but why do they purr There are a number of theories out there—from the commonly held belief that they are simply happy, to a British comedian's light-hearted suggestion that they are impersonating a drill.
While they do purr when tickled or caressed to show their appreciation for attention, cats also make the noise when not in our company. The purring noise is a consistent pulsing sound that occurs while they both inhale and exhale breath. The word “purr” is a great example of onomatopoeia and refers to the constant noise which ranges in frequency between 25 and 150 hertz.
For a long time, scientists debated how cats purred. Most people believe that the cat's brain signals the laryngeal muscles to vibrate and function like a valve, opening and closing the space between the vocal cords, but what triggers this reaction is debated. Some argue that the cat intends to purr, while others say it may be due to endorphins released by the brain as a reaction to pleasure, or pain.
According to Leslie A． Lyons, an assistant professor at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, cats often purr while stressed, such as when they head to the vets or are recovering from an injury.So what are the potential benefits of this “drilling” sound Some scientists believe the vibrations that ripple through the cats' bodies may actually promote muscle development, heal bones and injuries, ease breathing and lessen pain. It could even help to soothe discomfort in a similar way to children sucking their thumb.
So, the purring of a cat may have more uses than just telling you they're enjoying attention. It's also important to remember that not all cats can purr. Some bigger felines, like lions, can't, and only roar. So, the next time you hear a roar, it probably isn't your pussy cat, and you might need to run.
1．purr vi.(猫)发出咕噜声
2．meow v．(猫)喵喵叫
3．hiss vi.发嘶嘶声
4．pulsing adj.脉冲的
5．inhale v. 吸入，吸气
6．exhale v. 呼出，呼(气)
7．onomatopoeia n．拟声，象声
8．frequency n．(声波的)频率
9．hertz n．赫兹
10．laryngeal adj.喉的；喉部的
11．vibrate v．(使)震动，(使)颤动
12．vocal cord声带
13．endorphin n．内啡肽
14．vibration n．震动，颤动，抖动
15．ripple v．(像波浪一样)起伏，传播
16．roar v．& n．吼叫，咆哮
1.There are a number of theories out there—from the commonly held belief that they are simply happy, to a British comedian's light-hearted suggestion that they are impersonating a drill.
[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，主句为there be句型。破折号后“from...to...”是介词短语结构，补充说明 theories；句中两个that均引导同位语从句，分别解释 belief 和 suggestion 的具体内容。
[翻译]　目前存在多种理论——从人们普遍认为的“它们只是很开心”，到英国一位喜剧演员略带调侃提出的“它们在模仿电钻声”这一说法。
2．While they do purr when tickled or caressed to show their appreciation for attention, cats also make the noise when not in our company.
[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，其中While 引导让步状语从句，从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式。
[翻译]　虽然猫咪在被抚摸或轻挠以表达对关注的感激时确实会发出呼噜声，但它们在独处时也会发出这种声音。
3．Most people believe that the cat's brain signals the laryngeal muscles to vibrate and function like a valve, opening and closing the space between the vocal cords, but what triggers this reaction is debated.
[分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，其中that引导宾语从句；现在分词短语“opening and closing...vocal cords”作状语；what 引导主语从句。
[翻译]　大多数人认为，猫的大脑会向喉部肌肉发送信号，使其震动并像阀门一样工作，开合声带之间的空隙，但至于是什么触发了这种反应仍有争议。
　　Scientists have debated cats' purring, typically a 25-150Hz 1.vibration. While the purring is linked to contentment, cats also purr when 2.stressed or injured. Triggered by brain signals to laryngeal muscles, its vibrations may aid 3.healing, unlike big felines like lions that cannot purr but roar.
Beth Finds the Palace Beautiful—1
Excerpt from Little Women
美国南北战争时期，一个普通家庭的四个姐妹的成长之路。
The big house was declared① to be a Palace Beautiful by all, though it took some time for all to get in, and little Beth found it particularly difficult to pass the lines②. After old Mr. Laurence's visit, none of the girls felt too afraid of him, except shy Beth. At first, the girls were unwilling③ to accept favors④ which they could not return, as Mr. Laurence was quite wealthy, and the March girls were not. But, after a while, they found that Mr. Laurence was grateful for⑤ their attention to his grandson. So they soon forgot their pride⑥.
Everyone liked Laurie and he privately (私下地) informed⑦ his tutor that “the Marches were splendid girls.” With the delightful eagerness⑧ of youth, they took the lonely boy into their company⑨. Never having known⑩ mother or sisters, he enjoyed their company a great deal .
What good times they had! Such plays, walks and evenings in the sitting room, and now and then such happy little parties at the great house. Meg could walk into the indoor garden whenever she liked, Jo looked over the new library, and Amy copied pictures and enjoyed the beauty of the place.
But Beth, though wishing for the grand (有气派的) piano, did not have the courage to go to the Laurences' home. She went once with Jo, but the old gentleman, not being aware of her shy manner, stared at her, and said “Hey！” so loud that he frightened her. She told her mother, and she ran away, declaring she would never go there anymore, not even for the dear piano. Someone had told Mr. Laurence of this, and he decided he must mend (改善) the matter quickly. During one of his brief visits, he spoke about his love for music. Beth listened carefully, slowly moving closer to him.
“The boy neglects his music now, and I'm glad of it, for he was getting too fond of it. But the piano suffers now, as there is no one else to use it.Wouldn't some of your girls like to run over and practice on it, ma'am？”
Beth took a step forward, still not saying a word.
“They don't need to see or speak to anyone，” he continued, “but run in at any time. I'm usually in my study at the other end of the house, and Laurie is out a great deal, and the servants are never near there after nine o'clock. Well, please tell the young ladies what I say, and if they don't care to come, well, never mind.”
Then, he stood up suddenly, moving toward the door. Here a little hand slipped into his, and Beth looked up at him with a face full of gratitude ， as she said—
“Oh, sir, they do care, very, very much！”
“Are you the musical girl？” he asked gently.
“I'm Beth. I love it dearly, and I'll come, if you are quite sure nobody will hear me—and be disturbed ，” she added ， fearing to be rude.
“No one will be nearby, my dear. The house is empty half the day, so come and play as much as you like.”
“How kind you are, sir！”
The old gentleman softly stroked (轻抚) her hair, and stooped (俯身) down to kiss her on the cheek, saying—
“I had a little girl once, with eyes like these.Good day, madam.”And away he went in a great hurry .
①declare v．宣布
②此处为“find＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语(动词不定式)”结构。
③unwilling adj.不乐意的
④favor n．恩惠
⑤be grateful for对……感激
⑥pride n．自尊心
⑦inform v．告知
⑧eagerness n．热情
⑨company [熟词生义] n．陪伴
⑩此处为v.-ing的否定形式作状语。
a great deal大量；很多
此处为what引导的感叹句，其结构为“what＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。
此处为名词短语充当短句，更能营造出一种轻松、愉快的聚会氛围。
courage n．勇气
be aware of意识到
stare at凝视
此处为v.-ing形式作状语。
brief adj.简短的
此处为v.-ing形式作状语。
neglect v．忽略；不重视
for在此处作连词，表示原因。
suffer [熟词生义] v．变差；变糟
study [熟词生义] n．书房
此处为v.-ing形式作状语。
slip [熟词生义] v．迅速放置
look up抬头看
gratitude n．感激
disturb v．打扰
add v．补充说
in a great hurry匆忙地[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换
1．A variety(vary) of activities offered at the camp promote physical and mental well-being.
2．He gave an approving(approve) smile when he saw how well-prepared I was for the presentation.
3．An interview is a conversation between an employer and a potential employee, which allows the interviewer to assess if the job applicant is suitable for the position. (employ)
4．It is essential that he should get some reliable(rely) information before making inferences.
5．(2024·浙江卷1月) The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction(interact).
6．The teacher gave me a favourable(favour) comment on my composition because I used several new words correctly.
7．My mother was angry(anger) with me because I forgot to finish my English homework before watching TV.
8．The criticism from others made no difference(differ) to him, as he firmly believed in the correctness of his choice.
9．Our physics teacher will give a demonstration(demonstrate) of how light travels in a straight line, which will help us understand the lesson better.
10．The manager adjusted his schedule appropriately(appropriate) to accommodate the team's needs.
维度二　固定用法和搭配
1．She favours cooking(cook) meals at home rather than eating out at restaurants.
2．Different countries often differ in how they celebrate traditional festivals.
3．During the holiday season, many people are employed to assist(assist) with customer service in stores.
4．He has been a witness to/of many changes in the company since he joined it ten years ago.
5．My mother doesn't approve of my attending such a party, because it finishes at midnight.
6．Plants' growth can vary with the amount of sunlight they receive each day.
7．The little girl who just won the drawing competition kissed her teacher on the cheek to express her thanks.
8．The language difference is not a barrier to communicating with foreign classmates if we are willing to listen and learn.
9．Nothing is more important(important) than forming a good study habit when you are at school.
10．The number on the card should be identical with/to the one on the chequebook.
维度三　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．没有比每天听英文歌更好的方法来提升你的听力技能了。(“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义)
There is no better way to improve your listening skills than listening to English songs every day.
2．当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。
He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favour of his opinion．
3．虽然每天阅读 15 分钟看起来微不足道，但从长远来看，这将会对你的词汇量产生影响。
Although reading for 15 minutes a day seems trivial, it will make a difference to your vocabulary in the long run．
4．Jack employed himself in doing experiments in the lab, so he did not notice his friend had left.
→Employing himself in doing experiments in the lab, Jack did not notice his friend had left.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Employed in doing experiments in the lab, Jack did not notice his friend had left.(过去分词短语作状语)
5．当我们遇到困难时，我们可以依靠老师给我们有用的建议。
(1)We can rely on our teacher to give/giving us useful suggestions when we meet difficulties.
(2)We can rely on it that our teacher will give us useful suggestions when we meet difficulties.
维度四　融合教材·主题探究
【改编自译林选必四U2】
If you heard someone shout “Hey you！” from across the room, how would you react Just these two words can carry a lot of information. They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile. When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention. Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them. So, let's look a little deeper into the topic of communication.
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver. The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video, telephone, mail or social media. This message is then received and decoded by the receiver. In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback. This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entire cycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.
This communication process can be challenging but, with practice and patience, you can become a highly competent communicator. To accomplish this, you need to know with whom you are communicating. What is their age or position What is their relationship with you What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them. Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger, friend, family member or co-worker, you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. Furthermore, you will need to determine the appropriate style to use and how complex your choice of words should be.
Your body language is equally important, since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes. Make sure it clearly supports the message you want to deliver. A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. Additionally, you should not ignore the other person's body language, which will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not. While being knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of empathy should not be understated. Seek to understand the other person's emotions, by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
Effective communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others. Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect, allowing relationships to become more positive and productive.So, get practising and good luck!
1．What's the main idea of the passage
A．What effective communication is.
B．Why we should make effective communication.
C．How to make effective communication.
D．The benefits of effective communication.
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．Communication only depends on the words we use.
B．Communication involves both the information sender and receiver.
C．The communication process is an easy process to handle.
D．You need to choose a communication channel depending on what you want to get.
3．Which of the following is NOT an effective communication
A．Use the proper communication channel and style depending on who you are communicating with.
B．Pay attention to the other person's body language while communicating.
C．Emphasize the value of empathy while communicating.
D．Always approve of the other person's ideas when communicating.　
4．Why should you pay attention to the other person's body language
A．It indicates much about their thoughts and attitudes.
B．It gives you clues about whether the conversation is going well or not.
C．It's the only way to understand the person's message.
D．It can help you gain the other person's respect.
答案：1～4.CBDB
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2026·汕头高二期中)Some teachers use a slight dip of the head.Some like to fold their arms and lean back, pushing their chest out.And for others, they may shrug impatiently, as if their body were a balloon and someone just popped it.In truth, though, there are hundreds—if not thousands—of ways a teacher may position their body to manage behaviour.An important question may be: did you have it right in the first place
Research shows that a teacher's posture can be important in successful classroom behaviour management and that, when trying to convey a message, how you put your point across can carry much more significance than the point itself.
In a study, Teachers' Strategy of Positioning in Teaching Young Learners by Novi Rahayu Resuningrum, of YARSI University in Indonesia, it was said that if you use a strong posture and confident body language, you show your students that you're approachable, that you support their learning and that you aren't posing a threat for them to act out against.What's more, the study showed that this positioning is an element that needs to be considered carefully before teaching, or when you plan the lesson, to be able to teach effectively in terms of time and method.
But what is a “confident” body position And what else do you need to know about the signals that your body is giving out around behaviour management
For a start, trying to look tough will almost certainly fail, says Esther Miltiadous, a body language expert who works with the Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique.The organisation is set up by teachers to train colleagues to act properly.“Trying to look authoritative by having a military posture, with your chest out and shoulders back, can be really tiring on the body, and it's also quite aggressive (咄咄逼人的)，” she explains.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章指出教师的肢体语言在课堂行为管理中的重要性。
1．Why does the author list some examples in the first paragraph
A．To bring up the topic of teachers' body language.
B．To show which reader group the passage is targeted at.
C．To discuss in which way teachers should manage the class.
D．To suggest what body language teachers should have in class.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段列举教师不同身体姿态的例子，以及第二段内容可推知，列举例子是为了引出教师的肢体语言这一主题。
2．What did the study find out about teachers' body language
A．A teacher's body language is necessary for teaching.
B．Reading a teacher's body language is difficult for students.
C．A teacher's strong body language makes students lose interest.
D．Using too much body language is unhelpful in managing a class.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What's more, the study showed that...teach effectively in terms of time and method.”可知，研究发现教师的肢体语言对教学是必要的。
3．What is Esther Miltiadous' attitude to looking tough
A．Disapproving. B．Uncaring.
C．Thankful. D．Friendly.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句以及最后一句可推知，埃丝特·米尔蒂亚杜斯对“表现强硬”持反对态度。
4．What will most probably be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A．Other advice for teachers on improving students' performances.
B．Other ways for teachers to manage their bodies in class.
C．Other influences of teachers' behaviour on students.
D．Other studies on body language.
B　解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕教师的肢体语言对课堂管理的重要性、相关研究，以及“表现强硬不可取”展开，且第四段提出了关于教师的肢体语言其他需要知道的问题。由此可推知，下文最有可能讨论教师在课堂上管理肢体的其他方法。
B
(2026·台州高二期中)The human mind is astonishing.We can solve complex problems, perform calculations, create art, and process language effortlessly.We humans are the smartest of all, or so we think...
However, recent studies reveal how easily context can mislead us.Consider the Müller-Lyer illusion (错觉): equal-length lines look different if one has outward-pointing arrows and the other has inward-pointing arrows.Similarly, three identical-sized runners positioned along a visual path seem to vary in size.
Before you conclude that being fooled is reserved only for visual illusions, let me give the example of Belinda: an outspoken philosophy student, deeply concerned with sustainability, biodiversity, and global warming.Is Belinda more likely: (a)a top student, or (b)a top student and vegetarian Many people choose the second, because the context of being vegetarian seems to fit the image of someone deeply concerned with sustainability.But statistically, the first is more likely.There are always more top students than vegetarian top students.
Yet for all its potential to trick, context more often serves as our mental shortcut to efficient understanding.Rather than memorizing every possible meaning of words and sentence patterns, we constantly use surrounding information to fill gaps.As linguist J．R.Firth observed, “You shall know a word by the company it keeps.” For example, in the sentence “My daughter was ferliamated when she got a pet dog，” we can guess that “ferliamated” means “excited”， even if the word doesn't exist.
This two-sided nature of context leads us to an important discovery about how our minds work.While we can discuss anything at any time in any context, it seems more likely that we talk about the things whose meaning lies in the same context.This offers exciting possibilities for understanding both the human mind and language itself—showing how communication depends not just on our thinking, but equally on how language is built to work with context.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语境具有误导性和帮助高效理解的两面性，及其对理解人类思维和语言的价值。
5．Which image matches the description of the “runners” illusion
A． B．
C． D．
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Similarly, three identical-sized runners positioned along a visual path seem to vary in size.”可知，图片B展示了三人因位置不同产生了大小差异的错觉，符合跑步者错觉的描述。
6．Why do people often choose option (b) in the Belinda example
A．Personalities affect decision-making.
B．Top students often make better choices.
C．Extra details disturb their logical thinking.
D．Personal experiences lead to their false judgment.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many people choose the second...more top students than vegetarian top students.”可推知，额外的细节干扰了他们的逻辑思维。
7．How do Firth's quote and the “ferliamated” example support the author's point
A．They prove that words can have random meanings.
B．They explain why memorizing words isn't a shortcut.
C．They demonstrate what dictionaries can't really clarify.
D．They show how context contributes to word understanding.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Rather than memorizing every possible meaning...even if the word doesn't exist.”可推知，它们展示了语境如何帮助理解单词。
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The value of the research into context.
B．The complex nature of context.
C．The topics discussed within the same context.
D．The link between context and mind.
A　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“This offers exciting possibilities...how language is built to work with context.”可知，最后一段介绍了语境研究的价值。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2026·南京高二上学期期中)Every day on my way to college, I meet the same woman.Her courage and toughness quietly 1 me.She works nights at a hospital, 2 attending to patients.After her long hours, she walks nearly 12 kilometers to reach home because she cannot 3 daily transportation.Watching her 4 was heartbreaking, I knew I had to do something, even if it was small.
One day, I offered her a 5 ．Her eyes lit up with relief, and a soft, grateful smile spread across her face.Since then, giving her a ride has become part of my daily 6 ．For me, it takes just a few minutes; for her, it saves hours of walking and 7 her tired, aching legs.
Every morning, she gives me her best wishes, her voice full of 8 ： “May you have everything you dream of.” Her words touch me deeply and stay with me throughout the day.Over time, our rides have 9 more than just a commute (通勤)—they have become a small, shared moment of human connection.
I've realized that even small 10 can create a ripple (涟漪) of positivity.She gains comfort and 11 ， and I gain perspective, gratitude, and the joy of making a difference.Sometimes, life offers us chances not just to move forward ourselves but to 12 someone along the way—and in those moments, both lives become fuller.
Kindness doesn't have to be grand—it can live in daily, 13 actions.And when we open our hearts, even in small ways, what we receive can often 14 what we give.When we help someone, even in a small way, the ripple of 15 spreads far beyond what we can see.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者主动载一位需步行近12公里回家的女士的故事。
1．A．defend B．accompany
C．amuse D．inspire
D　解析：根据下文“I knew I had to do something, even if it was small”可知，这位女士的勇气和坚韧激励(inspire)着作者。
2．A．regularly B．efficiently
C．tirelessly D．independently
C　解析：根据上文“She works nights at a hospital”和下文“After her long hours”可知，她在医院不知疲倦地(tirelessly)照顾病人。
3．A．choose B．provide
C．afford D．improve
C　解析：根据上文“she walks nearly 12 kilometers to reach home”可知，她负担(afford)不起交通费用，因此需要步行近12公里回家。
4．A．perform B．weep
C．wander D．struggle
D　解析：根据上文描述她工作辛苦且负担不起交通费用，只能走回家可知，她生活艰难，此处指看着她挣扎(struggle)的样子令人心碎。
5．A．lift B．present
C．guarantee D．challenge
A　解析：根据下文“giving her a ride”可知，此处指作者主动提出载她一程。offer sb.a lift意为“主动提出让某人搭便车”。
6．A．exercise B．requirement
C．routine D．news
C　解析：根据上文“Since then, giving her a ride has become part of my daily”和下文“For me, it takes just a few minutes”可知，载她一程成了作者日常生活(routine)的一部分。
7．A．trains B．spares
C．treats D．supports
B　解析：根据上文“it saves hours of walking”可知，节省了几个小时的步行时间，她疲惫酸痛的双腿得以休息。spare在此处意为“使免遭，免去”。
8．A．surprise B．charm
C．warmth D．satisfaction
C　解析：根据下文“May you have everything you dream of.”可知，她对作者的祝福充满了温暖(warmth)。
9．A．brought about B．turned into
C．consisted of D．thrown in
B　解析：根据下文“more than just a commute...of human connection”可知，作者和这位女士的通勤变成(turn into)一种联系的时刻。
10．A．acts B．tasks
C．beliefs D．dreams
A　解析：根据上文“I offered her a ”可知，作者载她一程是一个小小的举动(act)。
11．A．work B．payment
C．rest D．credit
C　解析：根据上文“it saves hours of walking”可知，她不用走路，得到了休息(rest)。
12．A．carry B．greet
C．reward D．join
A　解析：根据下文“someone along the way”可知，此处是指帮助别人前进。carry在此处意为“帮助(某人完成某事、前行等)”。
13．A．frequent B．typical
C．extraordinary D．thoughtful
D　解析：根据上文“giving her a ride has become part of my daily”可知，作者主动载她回家，这是体贴的(thoughtful)行动。
14．A．balance B．outweigh
C．ensure D．repay
B　解析：根据上文“She gains comfort...and the joy of making a difference.”可知，此处指我们敞开心扉后所得到的往往超过(outweigh)我们所给予的。
15．A．relief B．expectation
C．excitement D．kindness
D　解析：根据上文作者主动载一位女士回家的经历和感悟并结合语境可知，当我们帮助他人的时候，善良(kindness)的涟漪会远远超过我们所能看到的范围。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2026·盐城高二上学期期中)We are currently living in an exciting time full of amazing 1.________________ (discovery) in science and technology.Some 2.________________ (especial) important technologies that we use today are the Internet and artificial intelligence, without 3.________________ the smartphone would not be possible.A typical smartphone 4.________________(place) in the time capsule already for people in the future to see.
The smartphone is 5.________________ tool for communication and entertainment, and these days people could hardly live without it.It is extremely important to most people 6.________________ it makes our lives more interesting and convenient.People use the smartphone 7.________________ many things besides messaging and calling, such as surfing the Internet, 8.________________ (shop) online and using virtual directions.There are also a lot of photos on it about people's daily life, such as the food people eat, the clothes people wear and the sport people play.People in the future will have a 9.________________ (balanced) life with technology than that nowadays.People today rely too much on it.While people do not want to lose the advantages smartphones and other technologies bring, it would be nice for people 10.________________ (spend) a bit less time using them.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章描述了当前科技发展的现状以及智能手机在其中的重要地位。
1．discoveries　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作宾语，结合“in science and technology”可知，空处应用名词复数形式。
2．especially　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词important，应用副词作状语。
3．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Internet and artificial intelligence，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作介词without的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。
4．has been placed　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语；place与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据already可知，动词时态应用现在完成时；主语为单数名词，助动词应用has。
5．a　解析：考查冠词。tool为可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，且tool的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。
6．because　解析：考查原因状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导原因状语从句，此处解释为什么智能手机对大多数人来说极其重要，应用连接词because引导。
7．for　解析：考查介词。use sth.for sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”。
8．shopping　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，且“_______online”与“surfing the Internet”和“using virtual directions”并列，应用动名词形式。
9．more balanced　解析：考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词life，结合than可知，应用形容词比较级。
10．to spend　解析：考查非谓语动词。It would be＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的。”，it为形式主语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。[基础知识巩固练]
维度一　单句语法填空
1．I still remember being employed(employ) by the company for the first time.
2．All the educators try their best to prevent the students from being lost(lose) in online games.
3．I wasn't allowed to cycle(cycle) along the Mekong River together with my classmates, putting me in low spirits.
4．The story was amusing and all the people present were amused．(amuse)
5．I didn't mean to shrink(shrink), but it was beyond my reach.
6．The incredible news that spread around her school was her being admitted(admit) to her dream university.
7．Young people may risk going (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
8．He cares little about spending (spend) money on himself and leads a comfortable life.
9．I highly recommend visiting (visit) this exhibition. I am convinced that you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art.
10．The plan that our monitor put forward for the class trip is very practical and promising(promise).
11．My favorite after-school activity is playing(play) basketball with friends.
12．He is tired(tire) of doing the same thing every day.
13．The broken desk in the corner requires fixing/to be fixed(fix) before the new student uses it.
14．Her hobby is taking(take) part in language exchange meetings to practice speaking different languages.　
15．The comedy show is very interesting(interest) and the cast is very good, attracting a lot of audience.
维度二　语法与写作
1．那个热爱动物的小女孩梦想长大后在动物园工作，照顾大熊猫。
The little girl who loves animals dreams of working in a zoo and taking care of pandas when she grows up.
2．我的同桌记得上周末在市中心迷路时，有个陌生人帮过她。
My deskmate remembers being helped by a stranger when she got lost in the downtown last weekend.
3．只要你坚持每天阅读，你就会发现学习新单词变得越来越轻松且有趣。
As long as you stick to reading every day, you will find that learning new words is more and more relaxing and enjoyable．
4．我放学后最喜欢做的事是和同学们在操场上打羽毛球。
What I like most after school is playing badminton with my classmates on the playground．
5．尽管学校图书馆每天开放，但里面的旧书需要定期被整理归类。
Although the school library is open every day, the old books there require/need sorting/to be sorted out regularly．
6．虽然有很多网课，但大多数学生更愿意在教室里听老师讲解。
Although there are many online courses, most students prefer listening/to listen to the teacher's explanation in the classroom．
7．这只鹿很幸运，它刚好躲过了猎人的捕杀。
The deer was lucky and it just missed being caught by the hunter．
8．你发表的演讲鼓舞人心，触动了我的心。
The speech you delivered was inspiring and touched my heart.
9．老师遗憾地通知全班，因为天气恶劣，校运动会将延期举行。
The teacher regrets to inform the class that the school sports meeting will be put off due to the bad weather.
10．我会花些时间学习数学和物理，这两门是我薄弱的学科。
I will spend some time in studying maths and physics, which are my weak subjects.
维度三　语篇填空
The angry wife asked a porter in a loud voice，“Where is that thief？” The porter was 1.confused(confuse) and responded at once，“Jack is the best guy I've ever known. Our job is 2.delivering(deliver) customers' things to them safely.” However，the wife sneered，“You must be lying，or my stuff couldn't end up 3.being(be) in your cart.” The porter，his face flushing with anger，retorted，“We are not thieves.But the problem is Jack's 4.being injured(injure) in a car accident.Though he is badly injured，his wish is 5.to deliver(deliver) your stuff to you. So I help Jack.” Upon 6.hearing(hear) that，the husband had tears in his eyes and the wife regretted 7.saying(say) such sharp words to the porter.
[综合能力提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2026·广州高二上学期期中)I used to think words were everything.My crash course in body language began with a single glance—downward.During a school exchange in Osaka, my host-brother, Kenji, kept his eyes on the tatami whenever his father spoke.I mistook the gesture for boredom and even disrespect.Only later did our group leader explain: in Japan, a lowered gaze can signal deep respect.The first myth in my “dictionary of gestures” was shattered.
The next week I stayed with an Italian family in Rome.At dinner, fifteen-year-old Luca stared straight at his father while arguing about football.His mother leaned forward, eyebrows raised, and the discussion grew louder, yet no one took offence.I checked my notes: in Mediterranean cultures, steady eye-contact often shows honesty and engagement, not defiance.Two countries, two sets of eyes—two opposite meanings.
I began to turn the lens on myself.A video of our class presentation revealed that when nervous I cross my arms so tightly that my shoulders rise, making me appear unapproachable.I also noticed that when my Australian lab-partner, Zoe, genuinely agrees, she opens her palms upward—a small, universal invitation to trust.These discoveries felt like decoding a secret script whose letters are made of spines, smiles and tilts of the head.
Learning to read—and edit—my own non-verbal signals has already paid off.Last term, a new student from Vietnam sat alone at lunch.Remembering my Japanese lesson, I didn't force eye-contact; I simply placed my bag beside her and angled my body toward hers.She talked, I listened, and by the end of the week we were sharing playlists.Words introduced us, but gestures made the friendship stick.The code is still being written, line by eyebrow line.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过与各国同学交流，发现不同文化中肢体语言包括眼神的含义迥异，进而关注自身肢体语言并从中受益的故事。
1．What first made the author realise that body language can be misunderstood
A．Seeing Kenji look down while his father spoke.
B．Reading a book on cultural differences abroad.
C．Watching Luca argue loudly with his parents.
D．Being told that words are not everything.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“my host-brother, Kenji, kept his eyes on the tatami... I mistook the gesture for boredom and even disrespect”可知，作者看到健二听父亲说话时向下看，误以为是不尊重的表现。
2．What does the underlined phrase “secret script” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A system of hidden messages conveyed by gestures.
B．A diary the author kept to record cultural notes.
C．A set of Latin words used in ancient Rome.
D．A coding language designed for robots.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段作者通过观察不同文化中的肢体语言，发现这些动作传递特定含义，并结合画线短语下文“whose letters are made of spines, smiles and tilts of the head”可推知，画线短语指的是一种通过手势传递的隐藏信息系统。
3．Which of the following best describes the author's change
A．He ignores non-verbal signals completely.
B．He becomes more critical of other cultures.
C．He uses body language to build better relationships.
D．He prefers Italian styles of communication.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段作者用具体行动与新同学建立友谊可推知，作者学会用肢体语言来改善关系。
4．What is the best title for the passage
A．When Words Travel Alone
B．The Gift of Silence
C．Eyes That Speak Different Tongues
D．A Journey Through Two Cities
C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者发现肢体语言包括眼神在不同文化中存在差异，进而关注自身肢体语言并从中受益的故事。因此，C项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2026·广东揭阳一中高二期中)America's State Department places the languages it teaches ambassadors (外交官) into four categories, with estimates of how long they take to learn them ranging from 24 to 88 weeks.What underlies the difficulty of such languages for an English speaker
The first thing many people will think of is the different writing system.Indeed none of the State Department's hardest languages is written with the Latin alphabet (字母表) used by most European languages.Chinese stands out for its difficulty.Arabic uses an alphabet, with just a couple of dozen letters.Its two complications are that letters change shape depending on where they appear in a word (beginning, middle, end or alone) and that short vowels (元音) are not written.
A second way languages can be hard is with sound distinctions that do not exist in the learner's language.In Hindi, the t-and d-sounds can be retroflex (卷舌音的) or not, making two different letters that can distinguish two different words (moti with a retroflex means “fat, thick” and with a non-retroflex t means “pearl”).
The words obviously matter too.Most European languages share an ancestor and so their words, too, often come in related pairs.If you know water in Spanish is agua, it is easy to figure out Italian aqua and English aquatic.Languages unrelated to European ones will lack linguistic (语言的) similarity in vocabulary.
Grammar can further complicate foreign language learning.Therefore, the overall hardness of a language can be seen as the sum of the difficulty of its writing system, sounds, words and grammar.These come in different percentages: one professor of Chinese has called it the most difficult language he has ever learned to write and the easiest he has learned to speak.
If you want to learn a language just for fun, start with Swedish.If you want to learn an impressive number, stay in Europe.But if you really want to impress, boosting your brain power to master Chinese is the sign of the true linguistic ironman.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语母语者学习不同外语的难度因素，并以具体语言为例说明这些难点。
5．What makes writing Arabic difficult for English speakers
A．The variations of its vowels.
B．The flexibility of its letters.
C．The width of its vocabulary.
D．The similarities it bears to Latin.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Arabic is alphabet... short vowels are not written.”可知，让说英语的人很难写阿拉伯语的原因在于其字母的灵活多变。
6．What can we learn about retroflex sounds
A．They are very common in Arabic.
B．They differentiate meaning in Hindi.
C．They make Hindi vocabulary easy to learn.
D．They are unfound in many European languages.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In Hindi, the t-and d-sounds...distinguish two different words.”可知，卷舌音在印地语中能够区分词义。
7．Why is the professor mentioned in paragraph 5
A．To recognize his achievements in studying grammar.
B．To offer a standard to decide on language complexity.
C．To show that language difficulty is multi-dimensional.
D．To highlight the high-level difficulty of Chinese.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Therefore, the overall hardness...sounds, words and grammar.”可推知，提到教授的例子是为了说明前面提出的观点：语言的整体难度是各个方面难度的总和，即语言难度是多维度的。
8．What is the best title for the passage
A．Which Languages Take English Users the Longest to Learn
B．How can Americans Learn a Foreign Language More Effectively
C．Which Foreign Languages Are Popular with English Speakers
D．Why Is Learning a Second Language Important for Ambassadors
A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章探讨了不同语言对英语使用者的学习难度及原因。因此，A项最适合作文章标题。
C
(2026·福州高二期中)Imagine walking into a room filled with strangers, you haven't spoken a word.You haven't heard one either.Yet something is already being said.You might feel the slight pressure of a look from across the room.You sense comfort in the way another person smiles—not just with their lips, but with their whole face.You know who is confident, who is nervous, who seems open, and who seems closed.All this happens before a single word is spoken.
This isn't magic.It's the mind's secret language.It's the silent, invisible force beneath every human interaction, shaping our relationships, influencing our judgments, and connecting us in ways that words never could.
Long before you learned to talk, you were already a master of silent communication.Babies just days old can detect eye contact.They respond to tone, rhythm and facial expressions.They cry to signal needs and smile to build bonds (联系).No vocabulary is needed.
This is the foundation of what neuroscientists call social cognition—the brain's ability to understand and respond to others.Our brains are built for connection.We don't just observe others: we simulate (模仿) their actions inside ourselves.When you see someone smile, your brain activates the same regions that fire when you yourself smile.This is the basis of mirror neurons, a system discovered in the 1990s that helps explain how we “feel” what others feel.
From babyhood, we start building a theory of mind.This means understanding that others have their own separate thoughts, feelings and intentions.We use this knowledge constantly, mostly without speaking.You don't need someone to say, “I'm depressed.” You recognize it in how they shut a door firmly or avoid meeting your eyes.
This skill to sense others—to read their mental state from their face, posture, gestures, voice tone and even silences—is the essential foundation of human connection.It explains our talent for storytelling, teamwork, and caring.It's also why misunderstandings can happen so easily.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类无声交流的能力，包括通过表情、姿势等感知他人情绪，以及理解他人意图的“心智理论”。
9．What can we learn about babies according to paragraph 3
A．They learn words quickly.
B．They bond through smiles.
C．They ignore facial expressions.
D．They rarely signal needs.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They cry to signal needs and smile to build bonds.”可知，婴儿通过微笑来建立联系。
10．Why does the author mention “mirror neurons”？
A．To describe brain diseases.
B．To explain how to share others' feelings.
C．To argue against social cognition.
D．To prove speech's importance.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“This is the basis of mirror neurons...how we ‘feel’ what others feel.”可推知，作者提到镜像神经元是为了解释如何分享他人的感受。
11．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．How brains process language.
B．Why people avoid eye contact.
C．The role of the theory of mind.
D．The discovery of babies' abilities.
C　解析：段落大意题。根据第五段内容可知，本段介绍了我们在日常生活中如何使用我们婴儿时期所建立的心理理论，即本段介绍了心理理论的作用。
12．What ability is a key function of the theory of mind
A．Predicting weather changes.
B．Creating complex vocabulary.
C．Understanding others' intentions.
D．Memorizing scientific terms.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This means understanding that others have their own separate thoughts, feelings and intentions.”可知，理解别人的意图是心理理论的一个关键功能。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2026·河北迁安高二上学期期中)Controlling your body language for interviews is a key skill for any job applicant.A skilled and experienced interviewer looks out for the nonverbal signals you send.If you adopt negative body language, you will make a bad impression on whoever is interviewing you for the job.1.________________
Touching your face.
If you're in the habit of touching your face, try to avoid doing it during your interview.Face touching covers a range of movements including scratching (挠) your nose or resting your chin on your hand.2.________________
Blocking.
In body language terms, blocking describes putting up a physical barrier between yourself and the person you're speaking to.3.________________ It might make you appear defensive.
Fidgeting (坐立不安).
4．________________ Thus, keeping still in your chair may be difficult.A small range of movements is okay under these circumstances, but constantly fidgeting and changing your position can create a negative impression.They are undesirable characters that interviewers can quickly pick up on.
5．________________
Fidgeting is not just limited to your body movements.Breaking eye contact to look at the walls, floor or ceiling of the room can also give an impression of disinterest and boredom or even make it look like you have something to hide.
A．Constantly looking around the room.
B．Looking at your cellphone too much.
C．Some job interviews can go on for some time.
D．These behaviors can indicate nervousness or dishonesty.
E.Small, natural movements help keep the interaction smooth.
F.Crossing your legs and arms makes you look unapproachable.
G．These are some examples of body language you should watch out for.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了面试时应该注意避免的几种肢体语言。
1．G　解析：上文指出面试时肢体语言的重要性，且提到消极的肢体语言会给人留下不好的印象，下文则列举了一些面试时应该注意避免的肢体语言，G项承上启下，符合语境。
2．D　解析：上文指出面试时尽量不要摸脸，空处应说明避免摸脸的原因，D项承接上文，符合语境。
3．F　解析：上文解释了“阻隔”的含义，下文则说明其危害，F项是对“肢体阻隔”的具体举例，符合语境。
4．C　解析：下文指出面试时在椅子上保持不动可能很困难，结合Thus可知，空处与下文形成因果关系，C项符合语境。
5．A　解析：空处为本段小标题。下文指出面试时中断眼神交流会给人留下不好的印象，A项准确概括了本段核心的负面肢体语言，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2026·武汉市第一中学高二期中)The biggest problem of recycling programs in New York might be that it isn't working.New York government pays tens of millions of dollars 1.________________(annual) for recycling programs, 2.________________ come to nothing.
There is a 3.________________(good) way: what's known as “Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR)” programs that get companies producing packaging and paper 4._____________(take) responsibility.The overall goals include 5.______________(encourage) producers to make less packaging and having expensive recycling processes 6._____________(pay) by producers.This is not a new concept—it's well established in places like Europe and Canada and 7._____________ (approve) in Maine and Oregon so far.
8．________________(advocate) say that, historically, EPR programs wouldn't hurt consumers.As taxpayers, we pay for our trash disposal one way or another.If online shopping platforms think twice about cutting your next order in packaging, wouldn't that be an improvement In New York, we are running out of space for our trash, with landfills planned for closure.
It's 9.________________ complex issue, but one that has been discussed for years.It would be best 10.________________ lawmakers could resolve this and place EPR in the budget.It's time that we started coping with our trash problem.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约回收项目存在的问题，提出“生产者延伸责任”方案及优势，呼吁立法者将其纳入预算解决垃圾问题。
1．annually　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词pays，应用副词形式。
2．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词recycling programs，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。
3．better　解析：考查形容词比较级。结合上文提到回收项目无效的背景，此处表示“一种更好的方法”，应用good的比较级better。
4．to take　解析：考查非谓语动词。“get...to do sth.”意为“让……做某事”，为固定搭配，空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
5．encouraging　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词include后应用动名词形式作宾语。
6．paid　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为 “have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，动词pay与宾语expensive recycling processes之间是被动关系，空处应用过去分词形式。
7．has been approved　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据时间状语so far可知，空处应用现在完成时；主语it(指代 EPR program)与approve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，助动词应用has。
8．Advocates　解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句的主语；根据谓语动词say可知，主语应用名词复数形式。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。
9．a　解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一个复杂的问题”，且complex的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应用不定冠词a。
10．if　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用连词 if。

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