专题一:不定代词与频率副词 2026年人教版英语八年级暑假复习讲义(含解析)

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专题一:不定代词与频率副词 2026年人教版英语八年级暑假复习讲义(含解析)

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专题一:不定代词与频率副词
01 课前导学
关键词 内容
学习目标 1. 能正确区分并运用复合不定代词(someone/anyone/no one/everyone 等)。
2. 能正确使用形容词修饰不定代词时后置的规则。
3. 能正确使用频率副词(always / usually / often / sometimes / hardly ever / never)表达动作频率。
4. 能正确区分 how often / how many times / once/twice 的用法。
学习重点 1. 复合不定代词的构成规律(some-/any-/no-/every- + one/body/thing)。
2. 复合不定代词作主语时谓语的单数形式。
3. 频率副词的排序及在句中的位置。
4. how often 问句的回答方式(once/twice/three times + 时间周期)。
学习难点 1. someone 与 anyone 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句中的区分。
2. nothing 与 not...anything 的互换。
3. 频率副词在句中的位置(be后实前)。
4. how often 与 how many times 的区别。
02 核心词汇预览
单词 音标 词性 中文
someone / s mw n/ pron. 某人(肯定句)
anyone / eniw n/ pron. 任何人(否定句/疑问句)
no one /n w n/ pron. 没有人
everyone / evriw n/ pron. 每个人
something / s mθ / pron. 某事(肯定句)
anything / eniθ / pron. 任何事(否定句/疑问句)
nothing / n θ / pron. 没有什么
everything / evriθ / pron. 一切
always / lwe z/ adv. 总是(100%)
usually / ju u li/ adv. 通常(90%)
often / fn/ adv. 经常(70%)
sometimes / s mta mz/ adv. 有时(50%)
hardly ever / hɑ dli ev / adv. 几乎从不(10%)
never / nev / adv. 从不(0%)
once /w ns/ adv. 一次
twice /twa s/ adv. 两次
03 核心短语预览
短语 中文
How often... 多久一次?(询问频率)
once a week 一周一次
twice a month 一个月两次
three times a year 一年三次
every day 每天
hardly ever 几乎从不
go on vacation 去度假
help with housework 帮助做家务
04 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:复合不定代词的构成与分类
【定义】由 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 -one, -body, -thing 组合而成的代词,统称为复合不定代词。
【适用场景/用法分类】
前缀 含义 + one + body + thing
some- 某(肯定句) someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某事
any- 任何(否定/疑问) anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事
no- 没有(否定) no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有什么
every- 每一(肯定句) everyone 每个人 everybody 每个人 everything 一切
【结构公式】
复合不定代词 = 前缀 + 后缀
【要点详解】
someone / somebody / something 用于肯定句
anyone / anybody / anything 用于否定句和疑问句
no one / nobody / nothing 本身含否定意义,句中不再用 not
everyone / everybody / everything 用于肯定句,表示“每个人/一切”
no one 是两个单词,nobody 是一个单词
everyone 和 every one 的区别:everyone 指“每个人”,every one 指“每个(人或物)”,后可接 of
【例句】
Someone is waiting for you at the door.
I didn’t see anyone in the room.
No one knows the answer.
Everything is ready.
I didn’t see no one.(双重否定,应说 I didn’t see anyone.)
【练习1】
— Did you meet ______ interesting on vacation
— Yes, I met a famous singer.
A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:——你在假期里遇到了什么有趣的人吗?——是的,我遇到了一位著名歌手。本空考查复合不定代词在疑问句中的用法。疑问句中用 anyone。故选 B。
【练习2】
______ is ready. Let’s start.
【答案】 Everything
【详解】 句意:一切都准备好了。我们开始吧。本空考查复合不定代词在肯定句中的用法。表示“一切”用 Everything。故填 Everything。
考点2:复合不定代词的三个重要规则
【定义】复合不定代词在使用时需要遵循三个核心规则:谓语用单数、形容词后置、否定句转换。
【适用场景/用法分类】
规则 说明 例句
谓语单数 复合不定代词作主语,谓语用单数 Everyone is here.
形容词后置 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,放在后面 something interesting
否定句转换 nothing = not...anything;no one = not...anyone I saw nothing. = I didn’t see anything.
【结构公式】
复合不定代词 + 单数谓语
复合不定代词 + 形容词(后置)
nothing = not + anything
【要点详解】
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数
形容词修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在代词之后
no one 和 nothing 本身已含否定意义,不能与 not 连用
在否定句中,用 not...anyone / not...anything 替换 no one / nothing
【例句】
Everyone is here.(单数谓语)
I have something important to tell you.(形容词后置)
There is nothing in the box. = There isn’t anything in the box.
Everyone are here.(谓语应用单数 is)
I have important something.(形容词应后置)
【拓展】
形容词后置适用于所有复合不定代词:
something interesting(有趣的事)
anything special(特别的事)
nothing serious(没什么严重的)
somewhere quiet(安静的地方)
【练习1】
There is ______ in today’s newspaper. It’s all boring.
A. nothing interesting B. interesting nothing
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
【答案】 A
【详解】 句意:今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的内容。全都是无聊的。本空考查复合不定代词与形容词后置。形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置,排除 B 和 D;后文说“全都是无聊的”,所以是“没有有趣的内容”,用 nothing。故选 A。
【练习2】
I have ______ (something / anything) important to tell you.
【答案】 something
【详解】 句意:我有重要的事情要告诉你。本空考查复合不定代词在肯定句中的用法。肯定句中用 something。故填 something。
考点3:频率副词的分类与排序
【定义】
频率副词表示动作发生的频率,回答 how often 的提问。
【适用场景/用法分类】
频率副词 含义 大致频率
always 总是 100%
usually 通常 90%
often 经常 70%
sometimes 有时 50%
hardly ever 几乎从不 10%
never 从不 0%
【结构公式】
be 动词后:主语 + be + 频率副词
实义动词前:主语 + 频率副词 + 实义动词
助动词后:主语 + 助动词 + 频率副词 + 实义动词
【要点详解】
频率副词放在 be 动词之后
频率副词放在实义动词之前
sometimes 可以放在句首、句中或句末
hardly ever 是一个整体,中间不加任何词
never 和 hardly ever 本身含否定意义,句中不再用 not
频率副词不能放在动词之后
【例句】
She is always happy.
I usually get up at 6:30.
Sometimes I watch TV at night.
He hardly ever eats junk food.
They never go to the cinema.
I get up usually at 6:30.(频度副词位置错误)
【练习1】
She ______ gets up at 6:00. She is never late.
A. never B. sometimes C. always D. hardly ever
【答案】 C
【详解】 句意:她总是六点起床。她从不迟到。本空考查频率副词的选择。后文说“她从不迟到”,说明她总是早起,用 always。故选 C。
【练习2】
I ______ (通常) go to school at 7:00.
【答案】 usually
【详解】 句意:我通常七点去上学。本空考查频率副词。usually 意为“通常”。故填 usually。
考点4:how often 的用法与回答
【定义】how often 用来询问动作发生的频率,意为“多久一次”。
【适用场景/用法分类】
问句 答语类型 例句
How often do you... 频率副词 I always exercise.
How often does he... once / twice / three times + 周期 Once a week.
every + 时间周期 Every day.
【结构公式】
How often + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形?
答语:频率副词 / once/twice/three times + 时间周期 / every + 时间周期
【要点详解】
how often 问频率,回答必须包含频率信息
once 一次,twice 两次,three times 三次以上
时间周期:a day, a week, a month, a year
how often 问的是频率,不是具体次数
【辨析】
How often do you exercise (多久锻炼一次?)→ Once a week.
How many times do you exercise (你锻炼多少次?)→ Three times.
What time do you exercise (你什么时候锻炼?)→ At 7:00.
【例句】
— How often do you go to the library — Once a week.
— How often does he play basketball — Three times a month.
— How often do you eat out — Hardly ever.
— How often do you exercise — At 7:00.(答非所问)
【练习1】
— ______ do you visit your grandparents
— Once a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How many D. What time
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次?——一周一次。本空考查how often 的用法。答语 Once a week 是频率,用 How often 提问。故选 B。
【练习2】
I exercise three ______ a week.
【答案】 times
【详解】 句意:我每周锻炼三次。本空考查频率的表达。三次用 three times。故填 times。
考点5:副词短语表频率
【定义】除频率副词外,还可以用 once / twice / three times + 时间周期 或 every + 时间周期 来表达频率。
【适用场景/用法分类】
结构 含义 例句
once + 时间周期 每一……一次 once a week
twice + 时间周期 每一……两次 twice a month
three times + 时间周期 每一……三次 three times a year
every + 时间周期 每…… every day
【结构公式】
次数 + 时间周期
every + 时间周期
【要点详解】
once / twice 是固定形式,不说 one time / two times(但口语中也有用 two times 的)
三次以上用:基数词 + times
时间周期前不加介词:once a week(不说 once in a week)
every day 与 everyday 的区别:every day 是“每天”,everyday 是形容词“日常的”
【例句】
I go swimming twice a week.
She visits her grandparents once a month.
We have an English test three times a term.
He exercises every day.
【练习1】
I go to the cinema ______ a month.
A. one time B. once C. two time D. every
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:我一个月去看一次电影。本空考查频率的表达。“一次”用 once。故选 B。
【练习2】
She reads books ______ (每天).
【答案】 every day
【详解】 句意:她每天读书。本空考查频率的表达。“每天”用 every day。故填 every day。
05 重点归纳
一、复合不定代词总表
前缀 + one + body + thing 用法
some- someone somebody something 肯定句
any- anyone anybody anything 否定/疑问句
no- no one nobody nothing 否定句(本身否定)
every- everyone everybody everything 肯定句
二、复合不定代词的三个核心规则
规则 说明 例句
谓语单数 作主语时,谓语用单数 Everyone is here.
形容词后置 形容词放在代词后面 something important
否定句转换 nothing = not...anything I saw nothing. = I didn’t see anything.
三、频率副词一览表
频率副词 含义 频率 位置
always 总是 100% be后/实前
usually 通常 90% be后/实前
often 经常 70% be后/实前
sometimes 有时 50% be后/实前/句首
hardly ever 几乎从不 10% be后/实前
never 从不 0% be后/实前
四、how often 答语一览表
答语类型 结构 例句
频率副词 单个副词 I always exercise.
once / twice once / twice + 时间周期 Once a week.
三次及以上 数字 + times + 时间周期 Three times a month.
每…… every + 时间周期 Every day.
五、how often 与易混词辨析
疑问词 询问内容 答语
How often 频率(多久一次) Once a week.
How many times 次数(多少次) Three times.
How long 多长时间 For two days.
When / What time 时间点 At 7:00.
How soon 多久之后 In two weeks.
06 过关检测
一、单项选择(共15题)
1. — Did you meet ______ interesting on vacation
— Yes, I met a famous singer.
A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone
2. There is ______ in today‘s newspaper. It’s all boring.
A. nothing interesting B. interesting nothing
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
3. She ______ gets up at 6:00. She is never late.
A. never B. sometimes C. always D. hardly ever
4. — ______ do you visit your grandparents
— Once a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How many D. What time
5. I have ______ important to tell you.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
6. ______ is ready. Let‘s start.
A. Everyone B. Everything C. Nothing D. No one
7. He ______ eats junk food. He thinks it’s unhealthy.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly ever
8. I go to the cinema ______ a month.
A. one time B. once C. two time D. every
9. — Is there ______ in the room
— No, there is ______.
A. anyone; no one B. someone; everyone
C. anyone; nothing D. anything; something
10. My sister ______ plays the piano. She practices every day.
A. always B. never C. hardly ever D. sometimes
11. ______ is knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
A. Anyone B. No one C. Someone D. Everyone
12. I don‘t like this movie. There’s ______ interesting in it.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
13. My mother ______ goes shopping on weekends. She stays at home and reads.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly ever
14. — How often does your father exercise
— He exercises ______.
A. twice a day B. at 7:00 C. for two hours D. in the morning
15. — Did you buy ______ for your mother
— Yes, I bought ______.
A. anything; something B. something; anything
C. anything; anything D. something; something
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(共10题)
______ (某人) is waiting for you at the door.
I didn‘t see ______ (任何人) in the room.
______ (没有什么) is impossible if you try your best.
I ______ (通常) get up at 6:30 every morning.
She has ______ (重要的事) to tell you.
He plays basketball ______ (一周三次).
I can’t find my keys ______ (任何地方).
______ (每个人) in our class likes English.
Is there ______ (任何人) who can help me
She ______ (几乎从不) eats fast food.
三、完成句子(共6题)
你多久锻炼一次?
______ ______ do you exercise
我一周锻炼两次。
I exercise ______ ______ a week.
今天报纸上没有什么有趣的内容。
There is ______ ______ in today‘s newspaper.
她几乎从不迟到。
She ______ ______ late.
有人在教室里等你。
______ is waiting for you in the classroom.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
I have ______ ______ to tell you.
四、短文填空(共10空)
用方格中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。
always never sometimes hardly ever often
once twice three times every day every week
My name is Tom. I am a middle school student. I have a healthy lifestyle. I ______ (1) get up at 6:30 in the morning. I ______ (2) eat breakfast because I think it’s important. I go to school by bike ______ (3). I ______ (4) take the bus because my home is not far from school.
After school, I play basketball ______ (5) a week, on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. I ______ (6) play football, but I like watching it on TV. I go to the library ______ (7) a week, on Tuesday and Thursday. I read books there. I ______ (8) read books at home. I go to the cinema ______ (9) a month because it‘s expensive. I ______ (10) stay at home and watch movies on TV. I think I have a good lifestyle.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. B【详解】句意:——你在假期里遇到了什么有趣的人吗?——是的,我遇到了一位著名歌手。疑问句中用 anyone。故选 B。
2. A【详解】句意:今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的内容。全都是无聊的。形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置;后文说“全是无聊的”,说明“没有有趣的内容”,用 nothing。故选 A。
3. C【详解】句意:她总是六点起床。她从不迟到。后文说“从不迟到”,说明“总是”早起,用 always。故选 C。
4. B【详解】句意:——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次?——一周一次。答语 Once a week 是频率,用 How often 提问。故选 B。
5. A【详解】句意:我有重要的事情要告诉你。肯定句中用 something。故选 A。
6. B【详解】句意:一切都准备好了。我们开始吧。“一切都准备好了”用 Everything。故选 B。
7. D【详解】句意:他几乎从不吃垃圾食品。他认为它不健康。“认为不健康”说明“几乎不吃”,用 hardly ever。故选 D。
8. B【详解】句意:我一个月去看一次电影。“一次”用 once。故选 B。
9. A【详解】句意:——房间里有人吗?——不,没有人。疑问句中用 anyone;答语 No 说明“没有人”,用 no one。故选 A。
10. A【详解】句意:我姐姐总是弹钢琴。她每天练习。“每天练习”说明“总是”弹钢琴,用 always。故选 A。
11. C【详解】句意:有人在敲门。去看看是谁。“有人在敲门”肯定句中用 Someone。故选 C。
12. C【详解】句意:我不喜欢这部电影。里面没有什么有趣的。“不喜欢”说明“没有什么有趣的”,用 nothing。故选 C。
13. D【详解】句意:我妈妈周末几乎从不去购物。她待在家里读书。“待在家里读书”说明“几乎从不去购物”,用 hardly ever。故选 D。
14. A【详解】句意:——你爸爸多久锻炼一次?——他一天锻炼两次。How often 问频率,答语应为频率表达,twice a day 是频率。故选 A。
15. A【详解】句意:——你给你妈妈买了什么东西吗?——是的,我买了些东西。疑问句中用 anything;肯定回答中用 something。故选 A。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Someone(肯定句用 someone)
2. anyone(否定句用 anyone)
3. Nothing(本身含否定意义,作主语)
4. usually(频率副词)
5. something important(形容词后置)
6. three times a week(频率表达)
7. anywhere(否定句用 anywhere)
8. Everyone(肯定句,表示“每个人”)
9. anyone(疑问句用 anyone)
10. hardly ever(几乎从不)
三、完成句子
1. How often(询问频率)
2. twice / two times(一周两次)
3. nothing interesting(形容词后置)
4. hardly ever(几乎从不)
5. Someone(肯定句用 Someone)
6. something important(形容词后置)
四、短文填空
1. always(总是在6:30起床)
2. always(总是吃早餐)
3. every day(每天骑自行车)
4. hardly ever(几乎从不坐公交)
5. three times(一周三次)
6. never(从不踢足球)
7. twice(一周两次)
8. often(经常在家读书)
9. once(一个月一次)
10. sometimes(有时待在家看电视)

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