资源简介

2025-2026年八年级英语人教版下册语法通关
【情态动词及反身代词】
【语法归纳】
情态动词
一、常见情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 常见用法 实例
can/could 1.表示能力：意为 “能，会”，can 用于现在时，could 为其过去式，用于过去时。 I can speak English.（我会说英语。） When I was five, I could ride a bike.（我五岁时就会骑自行车了。）
2.表示请求许可：意为 “可以”，用 could 比用 can 语气更委婉，但回答时仍用 can。 Can I have a look at your book （我可以看看你的书吗？） Could you pass me the salt （你能把盐递给我吗？） Yes, you can.（是的，你可以。）
3.表示推测：常用于否定句和疑问句中，can't 表示 “不可能”。 The man can't be Mr. Smith. He has gone to Beijing.（那个人不可能是史密斯先生。他去北京了。） Can he be at home now （他现在可能在家吗？）
may/might 1.表示许可或请求许可：意为 “可以”，might 比 may 语气更委婉，回答时常用 may。 May I use your computer （我可以用你的电脑吗？） Might I ask you a question （我可以问你一个问题吗？） Yes, you may.（是的，你可以。）
2.表示推测：意为 “也许，可能”，可能性比 can 小，常用于肯定句。 It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。） He might be in the library.（他也许在图书馆。）
must 1.表示必要性或义务：意为 “必须”，没有过去式，过去时常用 must have done（对过去情况的肯定推测）或 had to。 You must wear a seat belt in the car.（你必须在车里系安全带。） I must have left my keys at the office yesterday.（我昨天肯定把钥匙落在办公室了。） I had to stay up late to finish my homework last night.（我昨晚不得不熬夜完成作业。）
2.表示推测：意为 “一定，肯定”，用于肯定句，语气比 may/might 强。 He must be at home because his car is in the driveway.（他一定在家，因为他的车在车道上。）
3.must 的否定形式 mustn't：表示 “禁止，不允许”。 You mustn't smoke in the hospital.（你禁止在医院吸烟。）
4.以 must 开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to：表示 “不必”。 Must I finish the work today （我今天必须完成这项工作吗？） No, you needn't /don't have to.（不，你不必。）
shall/should 1.shall 用于第一人称（I/we）的疑问句中，常用来征求对方意见。 Shall we go to the park this afternoon （我们今天下午去公园好吗？） What shall I do next （我接下来该做什么？）
2.should表示义务或责任，意为 “应该”。 You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。）
3.should表示推测，意为 “可能，应该”，语气比 must 弱。 The train should arrive on time.（火车应该会准时到达。）
4.should have done 表示 “本应该做某事（但实际上没做）”，含有责备之意。 You should have told me earlier.（你本应该早点告诉我。）
will 1.will表示意愿、决心，意为 “愿意，会”。 I will help you if you need.（如果你需要，我会帮助你。） He will never give up.（他永远不会放弃。）
2.用于一般将来时，构成 “will + 动词原形” 结构。 I will go to Beijing tomorrow.（我明天将去北京。）
3.用于第二人称的疑问句中，常用来征求对方意见或提出请求。 Will you please pass me the book （请你把书递给我好吗？）
Would 1.would为 will 的过去式，用于过去将来时，构成 “would + 动词原形” 结构。. He said he would come back soon.（他说他很快就会回来。）
2.用于现在时，表示比 will 更委婉的请求、建议或意愿。 Would you like some coffee （你想要一些咖啡吗？）
3.would rather 意为 “宁愿”，后接动词原形，常用结构为 would rather do sth. than do sth.（宁愿做某事而不愿做某事）。 I would rather stay at home than go out.（我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。）
4.would like 意为 “想要”，后接名词、代词或动词不定式，即 would like sth. /to do sth.。 I would like an apple.（我想要一个苹果。） I would like to go shopping.（我想去购物。）
need 1.作情态动词：意为 “需要”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 You needn't worry about it.（你不必为此担心。） Need I come early tomorrow （我明天需要早来吗？）
2.作实义动词：有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词不定式或名词等。 He needs to go to school now.（他现在需要去上学。） Do you need any help （你需要任何帮助吗？）
3.needn't have done：表示 “本不必做某事（但实际上做了）”。 You needn't have bought so much food.（你本不必买这么多食物。）
dare 1.作情态动词：意为 “敢”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 He daren't speak in public.（他不敢在公众场合讲话。） Dare you go there alone （你敢一个人去那里吗？）
2.作实义动词：有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词不定式，即 dare to do sth.，在否定句和疑问句中，to 可省略。 She doesn't dare (to) tell her parents the truth.（她不敢告诉她父母真相。） Do you dare to jump into the river （你敢跳进河里吗？）
二、情态动词表推测的用法总结
表推测的情态动词 用法 实例
肯定推测 1.must 语气最强，意为 “一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。 He must be at work because his office light is on.（他一定在工作，因为他办公室的灯亮着。）
2.may/might 语气较弱，意为 “也许，可能”，用于肯定句，might 可能性比 may 更小。 It may/might rain this evening.（今晚也许会下雨。）
否定推测 1.can't 语气最强，意为 “不可能”，用于否定句。 The story can't be true.（这个故事不可能是真的。）
2.may not/might not 意为 “可能不”，语气较弱，might not 可能性比 may not 更小。 He may not/might not come to the party.（他可能不来参加派对。）
疑问推测 常用 can，意为 “可能”，用于疑问句。 3.Can he be in the library （他可能在图书馆吗？）
反身代词
一、含义：反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。
基本含义为：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、数上保持一致。
Eg: He saw himself in the mirror.
他在镜中里看见了他自己。 (himself 和he为同一人)
He saw him in the mirror.
他在镜子里看见了他。 (him指另一个人)
二、形式
单数 复数
第一人称 Myself 我自己 Ourselves 我们自己
第二人称 yourself你自己 Yourselves 你们自己
第三人称 Himself 他自己 Themselves 他/她/它们自己
Herself 她自己
Itself 它自己
Eg: She can look after herself very well.
她可以很好地照顾自己。
注意：Oneself是不定代词one的反身代词
三、用法
①反身代词作动词或介词宾语，经常放在enjoy（享受）、hurt（伤害）、introduce（介绍）、express（表达）、amuse（娱乐）、behave（表现）等词后，如：
* She teachers herself English. 她自学英语。
（注：herself时she的反身代词，作teach的宾语）
* I planted tree by myself. 这棵树时未自己种的。
（注：myself用作介词by的宾语，表示“由我自己”）
②反身代词表强调，反身代词用作同位语，位于名词或代词后，表示强调，意为“亲自，本人，自身”，如：
* The teacher herself visited the boy's parents.
老师亲自拜访了这个男孩的父母。
③常用的反身代词的固定搭配
by oneself 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 make yourself at home 别拘束，像在自己家一样
hurt oneself 弄伤自己 teach oneself 自学 say to yourself 对自己说，自言自语
by oneself 独自地, 单独地 devote oneself to 致力于...，专注于... enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得快乐
in oneself 本身，自身 help oneself (to sth) 自便，自取 lose oneself (in) 沉迷于, 专注于; 迷路
【基础专练】
一、单项选择
1．You look pale. You ________ see a doctor.
A．should B．could C．may D．would
2．I ate too much last night. Now my stomach aches. I ________ eat so much next time.
A．should B．shouldn’t C．could D．might
3．—I have a really bad toothache.
—You ________ see the dentist and get an X-ray.
A．should B．could C．may D．would
4．To live a healthier life, we ________ not only study hard but also do regular exercise to keep strong.
A．mustn’t B．may C．needn’t D．should
5．David ________ a bad stomachache after eating cold food. He ________ lie down and rest at once instead of working.
A．has; shouldn’t B．have; should C．have; shouldn’t D．has; should
6．My sister taught ________ how to cook when she was ten.
A．her B．she C．herself D．hers
7．You ________ drink cold water if you have a sore throat.
A．should B．could C．shouldn’t D．need
8．The boy is too young to look after ________.
A．him B．his C．himself D．He
二、单词拼写
9．When Jimmy has a high fever, his mother always takes ________ (he) temperature first before giving him medicine.
10．Mike thinks he should take good care of ________ (him) by eating healthy food and doing exercise every day.
11．Jenny cut ________ (she) left hand with a knife yesterday, and she put some medicine and a bandage on the cut at once.
12．You should learn to solve problems by ________ (you) instead of asking others for help all the time.
【能力提升】
三、选词填空
从方框中选择合适的单词，用其正确形式填空。每词只用一次，有两项多余。
arrive, early, and, private, late, unless, surprise, close, embarrassed, but, polite, thank
Nancy, who lives in Paris, wrote an email to Diana sharing her party manners in France. She said life in Paris was pretty good, but she had some 13 experiences at a party last month. Now she wanted to share some tips with Diana.
First, people shouldn’t arrive 14 to a party. It’s normal to be on time or a few minutes late, but 15 early can cause problems. Once, Nancy got to a party 10 minutes early. Usually that’s 16 in her country, but her friend looked very 17 —he was still getting everything ready!
Second, it’s important to bring a gift when visiting someone. Nancy didn’t bring anything to her friend’s party, but everyone else brought chocolates or flowers to 18 the host. She felt so embarrassed!
Third, one should always dress for the occasion. At the party, everyone else was dressed so nicely, 19 Nancy wore a simple blouse and shorts. She felt silly.
Fourth, don’t ask personal questions 20 you know people well. French people are quite 21 . They don’t like being asked about age, family or money.
Last but not least, many locals can speak English. However, using French whenever possible helps build 22 relationships with others. Even a simple “merci” goes a long way!
四、阅读理解
In the future, technology is advancing at an astonishing (惊人的) speed, which will bring about huge changes in our lives.
One of the most remarkable advances is in artificial intelligence. Smart robots will become common in every household. They can handle various household chores, take care of the elderly and children, and even provide companionship. In the medical field, AI-assisted diagnosis (诊断) systems will be able to detect diseases with higher accuracy and offer more personalized treatment plans.
The development of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will also transform our daily lives. We can use VR to travel to any place in the world without leaving home or experience historical events as if we were there. AR will be widely used in education, enabling students to learn in more vivid and interactive ways.
Moreover, the Internet of Things will connect all kinds of devices, making our homes and cities smarter. For example, smart homes can automatically adjust the temperature, lighting, and security settings according to our preferences. In smart cities, traffic jams will be alleviated (减轻) through intelligent transportation systems.
However, with the rapid development of technology, there will also be some challenges. For instance, the widespread use of automation may lead to job losses in some industries. Therefore, it is crucial for us to master science and technology from now on to better adapt to the future and make the most of the opportunities brought by technological progress.
23．What is one of the most remarkable advances in the future
A．The development of transportation.
B．The improvement of education.
C．The progress in artificial intelligence.
D．The change of social structure.
24．How will smart robots help in the future
A．They will only do heavy work.
B．They will handle all human tasks.
C．They can take care of household chores and offer companionship.
D．They will replace humans in all fields.
25．What is the challenge brought by the rapid development of technology
A．The decrease in people’s creativity.
B．The breakdown of the Internet of Things.
C．The increase in environmental pollution.
D．The job losses in some industries.
26．Why is it important for us to master science and technology now
A．To make more money.
B．To become famous.
C．To better adapt to the future and seize opportunities.
D．To compete with others.
五、补全对话
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子。
A: Hi, Tom! I tried sushi yesterday. It’s from Japan. 27
B: Hi, Li Ming! Yes, I like it. But my favourite is pizza. It’s Italian food.
A: Oh, pizza is delicious! What about festivals We have Spring Festival in China. 28 .
B: I haven’t eaten dumplings. In the UK, we have Christmas. We eat turkey and give gifts.
A: 29
B: Yes, we have many special traditions. For example, we put a Christmas tree at home. What about you
A: We hang red lanterns and give red envelopes with money.
B: Wow, different cultures are so interesting!
A: I agree! 30 .
B: I also want to learn more about other countries! Maybe we can...
A: Great idea! Let’s read books together.
B: Perfect! 31 .
A: See you!
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
“Where’s Papa going with that axe (斧子) ” said Fern to her mother while they 32 (set) the table for breakfast. “Out to the pig house,” replied Mrs. Arable. “Some pigs were born last night.” “I don’t see why an axe is needed,” continued Fern. “Well,” said her mother, “one of the pigs is too small and weak 33 (live). So your father has decided to do away with it.” “You mean kill it ” Fern shouted, “Just because it’s 34 (weak) than the others ” Fern ran outdoors quickly. She caught up with her father. “Please don’t kill it!” she cried. “It’s unfair!” Mr. Arable stopped walking. “Fern,” he said 35 (gentle), “you will have to learn to control yourself.” “Control 36 (I) ” yelled Fern. “This is 37 matter of life and death.” She took hold of the axe. “Fern,” said Mr. Arable, “I know more about raising pigs. A weakling usually makes trouble.” “But if I had been very small 38 birth, would you have killed me ” Fern cried. Mr. Arable smiled. “But this is different …” “I see no 39 (different),” replied Fern. “This is the worst case I 40 (hear) of since I was born!” “All right,” he said. “I will let you feed it with a bottle, as babies are fed. Then you will see 41 trouble a pig can be.” When Mr. Arable returned to the house, he carried a box under his arm. Fern opened the box. There, inside, looking up at her, was the newborn pig.
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
1．A
【详解】句意：你脸色苍白。你应该去看医生。
should应该；could可以；may可能；would将会。根据“You look pale”可知对方身体状况不佳，此处是向对方提出建议，should常用于表示建议，意为“应该”，符合语境。故选A。
2．B
【详解】句意：我昨晚吃得太多了。现在我的胃疼。下次我不应该吃这么多。
should应该；shouldn’t不应该；could能；might可能。根据“I ate too much last night. Now my stomach aches.”可知，因为吃太多导致胃疼，所以下次建议“不应该”再吃这么多，应填shouldn’t。
3．A
【详解】句意：——我牙疼得很厉害。——你应该去看牙医并拍个X光片。
should应该；could能够；may可能；would将要。根据上句“I have a really bad toothache.”可知对方牙疼严重，下句是给出建议，应填should。
4．D
【详解】句意：为了过上更健康的生活，我们应该不仅要努力学习，还要定期锻炼以保持强壮。
mustn’t禁止；may可能；needn’t不必；should应该。根据“To live a healthier life”可知，为了实现健康生活的目标，此处是提出建议，表示“应该”做某事。
5．D
【详解】句意：大卫吃了冷食后胃痛得厉害。他应该立刻躺下休息而不是工作。
第一个空的主语“David”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用“has”，排除B、C选项；第二个空根据语境可知生病应该休息，表示建议应用“should”，排除A选项。
6．C
【详解】句意：我姐姐十岁时自学了如何烹饪。
her她/她的；she她；herself她自己；hers她的。当宾语与主语指代同一人时，使用反身代词，teach oneself意为“自学”，根据主语My sister可知应用herself。故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：如果你喉咙痛，你不应该喝冷水。
should应该；could可以；shouldn’t不应该；need需要。根据“if you have a sore throat”可知，喉咙痛时喝冷水会加重不适，此处应给出否定建议，因此填“shouldn’t”。
8．C
【详解】句意：这个男孩太小了，还不能照顾他自己。
him他；his他的；himself他自己；he他。当句子主语和宾语指代同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。本句主语The boy与宾语指代同一人，表示“照顾自己”，故用himself。
9．his
【详解】句意：当吉米发高烧时，他妈妈总是在给他吃药前先量他的体温。空格后为名词temperature，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，he对应的形容词性物主代词是his。
10．himself
【详解】句意：迈克认为他应该通过每天吃健康的食物和锻炼身体来好好照顾自己。take good care of表示良好的照顾，of后缺少宾语，当动作的发出者和承受者是同一人时，宾语要用反身代词。题干给出的him（宾格），其反身代词himself指“他自己”，符合题意。故填himself。
11．her
【详解】句意：Jenny昨天用刀割伤了她的左手，她立刻在伤口上敷了些药并包扎上绷带。括号内提示词“she”，此处修饰名词“left hand”，需用形容词性物主代词，因此填“her”。
12．yourself/yourselves
【详解】句意：你/你们应该学会自己解决问题，而不是一直向别人求助。by oneself是固定搭配，意为“独自、自己”；主语You可指代单数“你”或复数“你们”，对应的反身代词为yourself（单数）或yourselves（复数），故填yourself/yourselves。
13．embarrassing 14．early 15．arriving 16．polite 17．surprised 18．thank 19．but 20．unless 21．private 22．closer
【导语】本文讲述了南希给戴安娜写了一封信，信中分享了在法国生活时应注意的一些社交礼仪，包括参加聚会、带礼物、着装、提问及使用法语等方面的建议。
【详解】13．句意：她说巴黎的生活相当不错，但她上个月在一次聚会上有一些令人尴尬的经历。根据下文“She felt so embarrassed!”可知，南希分享了自己尴尬的经历，修饰物experiences需用-ing结尾的形容词，故将embarrassed变为embarrassing“令人尴尬的”。
14．句意：首先，人们不应该早到聚会。根据下文“early can cause problems”可知，此处指不应早到，选用early“早”修饰动词arrive。
15．句意：准时或几分钟迟到是正常的，但是到早了会引起问题。此处缺主语，将arrive“到达”变为动名词形式arriving，符合“到早了会引起问题”的语境。
16．句意：通常在她的国家那是礼貌的，但她的朋友看起来非常惊讶——他还在忙着准备一切！根据“Usually that’s... in her country”可知，早到在某些国家是礼貌行为，作表语用形容词polite“礼貌的”。
17．句意：通常在她的国家那是礼貌的，但她的朋友看起来非常惊讶——他还在忙着准备一切！根据“Once, Nancy got to a party 10 minutes early.”可知，本地文化是按时到或晚到，因此南希早到的行为令朋友感到惊讶，此处修饰人，要将surprise“使惊讶”变为surprised“感到惊讶的”。
18．句意：南希没有带任何东西去朋友的派对，但其他人却都带来了巧克力或鲜花来感谢主人。根据“brought chocolates or flowers”可知，带礼物是为了表达感谢，不定式to后接动词原形，故选thank。
19．句意：在派对上，大家都穿得很漂亮，但是南希穿得很简单。根据“At the party, everyone else was dressed so nicely,... Nancy wore a simple blouse and shorts.”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，故选but“但是”。
20．句意：不要问私人问题，除非你很了解对方。根据“don’t ask personal questions... you know people well.”可知，后句是前句的否定条件，要用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。
21．句意：法国人相当注重隐私。根据“They don’t like being asked about age, family or money.”可知，他们很注重隐私，形容词private“不喜欢谈论私事的”作表语。
22．句意：然而，尽可能使用法语有助于与他人建立更紧密的关系。根据“However, using French whenever possible helps build... relationships with others.”可知，说法语有助于和法国人建立更紧密的关系，形容词close“紧密的”作定语修饰relationships，此处暗含比较，故填比较级closer。
23．C 24．C 25．D 26．C
【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了未来科技的飞速发展将给人们生活带来的巨大变化，包括人工智能、虚拟现实与增强现实、物联网等领域的进步，同时也提及了技术发展带来的挑战及应对建议。
23．细节理解题。根据“One of the most remarkable advances is in artificial intelligence.”可知，未来最显著的进步之一是人工智能的发展。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据“Smart robots will become common in every household. They can handle various household chores, take care of the elderly and children, and even provide companionship.”可知，智能机器人能处理家务、照顾老人和孩子，还能提供陪伴。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据“However, with the rapid development of technology, there will also be some challenges. For instance, the widespread use of automation may lead to job losses in some industries.”可知，技术快速发展带来的挑战之一是部分行业的失业问题。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“Therefore, it is crucial for us to master science and technology from now on to better adapt to the future and make the most of the opportunities brought by technological progress.”可知，现在掌握科学技术是为了更好地适应未来并抓住机遇。故选C。
27．Do you like it 28．We eat dumplings at Spring Festival 29．Do you have any special traditions 30．I want to learn more about different cultures 31．See you tomorrow
【导语】本对话围绕各国美食与传统节日文化展开，两人分别介绍了中日、意大利、中英的特色食物，以及中国春节、英国圣诞节的习俗，最后相约一起读书，进一步了解不同国家的文化。
【详解】27．B用“Yes, I like it.”作答，且前文提及寿司，需用一般疑问句“Do you like it”询问对方是否喜欢寿司，符合问答逻辑。
28．A在介绍春节习俗时提到了吃饺子，而B回答自己还没吃过饺子，需用“We eat dumplings at Spring Festival”承接前后文内容。
29．B用“Yes”回答有很多特殊传统，需用一般疑问句“Do you have any special traditions”询问对方是否有特殊传统，符合对话推进逻辑。
30．B回答自己也想了解更多关于其他国家的事情，A需用“I want to learn more about different cultures”在此处表达了自己想要了解更多文化的意愿，与后文“also”呼应。
31．A回答再见，说明对话即将结束，此处B需用“See you tomorrow”与A进行告别。
32．were setting 33．to live 34．weaker 35．gently 36．myself 37．a 38．at 39．difference 40．have heard 41．what
【导语】本文节选自经典读物《夏洛的网》，记叙了Fern听闻父亲打算杀死先天弱小的小猪后，急忙上前阻拦、据理力争，最终说服父亲留下小猪的故事，体现出Fern善良珍爱生命的本心。
【详解】32．句意：“爸爸拿着那把斧子要去哪儿？”Fern一边帮妈妈摆早餐餐桌，一边问道。while引导的从句动作与主句对话动作同步发生，主句时态为一般过去时，从句使用过去进行时；主语是“they”，be动词用were，set的现在分词为setting。
33．句意：其中一头小猪太小太虚弱，活不下去。本句使用固定结构too…to…，意为“太……而不能……”，应使用动词不定式to live。
34．句意：就因为它比其他小猪更弱小吗？句中出现比较级标志词“than”，形容词要使用比较级形式，weak的比较级是weaker。
35．句意：“Fern，” 他温和地说，“你得学会管住自己。”空格修饰动词“said”，要用形容词gentle的副词形式gently。
36．句意：“要我克制自己？”Fern大声喊道。control oneself为固定搭配，表示“克制自己”，说话人是“I”，对应的反身代词是myself“我自己”。
37．句意：这是一件生死攸关的事。固定搭配a matter of life and death“生死大事”，matter是以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词，用不定冠词a。
38．句意：可如果我刚出生的时候也特别瘦小，你当初会杀掉我吗？固定介词短语at birth，表示“在出生时”。
39．句意：“我看不出有任何区别，”Fern回答道。空格前“no”后需接名词，形容词different对应的名词形式是difference，see no difference“看不出差别”，是惯用表达。
40．句意：这是我长这么大听过最糟糕的事！“since I was born”是现在完成时标志性时间状语，主语为“I”，助动词用have，hear的过去分词为heard。
41．句意：到时候你就会知道养一头猪有多麻烦。此处修饰不可数名词 “trouble”，表达“多么”的感叹含义，用what。
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