资源简介 B1WU 第五课时学案(Discovering Useful Structures)【学习目标】1.复习上节课的重点单词及短语。2.掌握本节语法结构。【教学过程】一、复习内容1. on 集中精力于2.junior adj.地位(职位、级别)低下的,年少的比某人地位(职位、级别)低,比某人小Junior high school 初级中学3.explore v.探索,考察,探险n.探索,探测 n.考察者,探险者4.confident adj.自信的;确信的;有把握的be confident (doing) sth. 对(做)…..有把握5. experiment n.________________6. 吓得要死7.不打扰某人,让某人独自待着/不管,不理会,不碰某事物遗漏,不包括 动身去,前往二、新授课内容语法结构Grammar:第一部分:句子成分在英文中,有八大句子成分,分别是主语(Subject)、谓语(Verb)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。1)主语(S):主语是句子的核心成分之一,位置通常位于句首,倒装句时除外。大部分主语由名词、代词或名词短语充当,表示动作的施动者。但除了名词及代词之外,还有一些结构可以充当主语,还有动名词、动词不定式、从句等。如:An exchange student is talking to a teacher on campus.(Page3)这句话的主语是________。We had our chemistry class in the science lab.(Page4)这句话的主语是________。2)谓语(V):谓语是主语所做的动作,一般由动词或动词短词充当,用于表示一个句子(或者从句)中主语的行为动作或状态。一般放在主语的后面。如:We study English. 这句话的谓语是________。I am a little anxious right now. 这句话的谓语是________。3)宾语(O):宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常由名词或代词充当。如:He looks at a table. 这句话的宾语是________。We love China. 这句话的宾语是________。4)定语(Attr):对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语及句子等充当。如:This is a red flower. 这句话的定语是________。She is a beautiful girl. 这句话的定语是________。5)状语(A):说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:Luckily, she was saved by the doctor. 这句话的状语是________。6)表语(P):表语是对主语特征的描述。表语前的动词叫系动词。例:He looks young. 这句话的表语是________。He is a teacher. 这句话的表语是________。7)宾语补足语(O C):补充说明宾语的意义,状态等。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。例:We elected him monitor.( monitor为宾补)We found nobody in.(in为宾补)注:双宾语:就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语(Direct Object):表示动作的承受者,一般是物。间接宾语(Indirect Object):表示动作是对谁或为谁做的,一般是人。例如: They gave him a watch.这里的him是________,a watch 是________,这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语。We call him Jack.我们叫他杰克。这里him是宾语,Jack是宾语补足语。They appointed him chairman.他们任命他为主席。这里的him是宾语,chairman是宾语补足语。第二部分:简单句的基本结构简单句一般有哪些基本结构?英语句子长短简繁不一,但可以归纳成六种基本句型:基本句型一:S + V (主+谓)基本句型二:S + V + P (主+谓/系+表)基本句型三: S + V + O (主+谓+宾)基本句型四: S + V + InO +DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五: S + V + O + OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型六: There be…..基本句型一S(subject) +V(verb)(主+谓)e.g. The sun will rise.S VThe little boy is crying.All of us laughed.(Page6)基本句型二S + V + O(主+谓+宾)e.g. He plays football.S V OHe is watching TVI miss my grandma(Page6)基本句型三S + V + P(主+系+表)e.g. Everything looks different.S V PI am a little anxious.S V PThe teacher was kind and friendly.系动词可分四类:1)be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;2)感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等+adj.3)表示变化:get, become, turn, go, grow等4)表示状态延续:stay, keep, prove, remain等基本句型四S + V + IO + DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)e.g. I lend him a dictionary. =I lend a dictionary to him.S V IO DOHe bought me a birthday present.常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer,give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型五S +V + O + OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)e.g. We elect him monitor.S V O OCI found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(Page4)用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.基本句型六: There be…..There +be +主语+其它。主语是其后的名词,be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。除be外,sound, look, seem, appear, lie, stand等,也可用于此结构。e.g. There is a book on the table.There seems to be something wrong with me.当堂作业:划出下列句子的成分。1 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.2 We must act.3 The maths homework looks easy.4 The teacher found the classroom empty.5 My mum bought me a new dictionary.6Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.7 There is an English Corner at our school.8We had chemistry in the newly built lab.课堂检测:划出下列划线句子的成分。1.The villagers moved and settled in another place.2.His business suffered greatly during the war.3.After a few days of fever,he began to recover.4.I drove back down the highway at normal speed.5. Have you packed your clothes yet 6.We usually wear overcoats in cold weather.7.AII our things stayed in our suitcases.8.There was a period of loneliness in his life.9.After traveling through the dusty villages and towns of Yemen, they arrived at the port of Aden.10.I wanted to settle in America, live like any other citizen, and have more opportunities. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览