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新人教版 必修 第一册 Welcome Unit 教案
Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures
【设计意图】
本节课是语法课，第6页的只是把8种简单句结构列举出来了，例句太少, 基础差的学生看过后依然不知所云。因此，本节课先讲了句子成分，适当提了非谓语动词。讲简单句时，先举例，然后让学生观察特征，对高考经常考查的知识点加入难度不大的检测题，以加深学生的认知。为了让学生感受英语语言的丰富性，以及中英两种语言的差异，最后增加了简单句句子扩展训练。
【Teaching Objectives】
By the end of the class, the students will be able to:
1.Languageproficiency:
1)learn the main elements of a sentence;
2)learn 8 kinds of simple sentence structures;
3)speak in complete sentences.
2.learning strategies:
study actively and work deeply
3.cultural awareness:
be clear about the differences between Chinese and English sentences
4.Thinking quality:
speak and write in English thinking way and logic
【Focal and Difficult Teaching Points】
Focal teaching points:
To enable the students to:
learn the main elements of a sentence;
learn 8 kinds of simple sentence structures.
Difficult teaching points:
extend simple sentences.
【Teaching Method】
student-centred teaching method
【Teaching Process】
StepⅠ Lead-in
Ask the class:
How do you express your ideas, by sentences or words
What makes a sentence
Get the students to answer. Teacher can write their answers on the board.
Step Ⅱ Presentation
Present the members of a sentence using PPT.
S subject 主语
V verb 谓语 (Predicate)
O object S subject 主语
V verb 谓语 (Predicate)
O object 宾语
DO direct object 直接宾语
IO indirect object 间接宾语
Link verb 系动词
P predicative 表语
C object complement 宾语补足语
C object complement 宾语补足语
Attributive 定语
Advevial 状语
Tell the class attributive and adverbial are used to modify a word or a sentence. Then explain the definitions of each member in a sentence.
1.主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。
The car runs fast.
She is kind.
Eight is a lucky number in China.
Swimming is my favorite.
To see is to believe.
What we need is time.
It is necessary for us to learn English nowadays.
观察1 观察主语由什么充当？告诉学生在最后一句里，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to learn English。
2.谓语 (V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由及物动词(vt.),不及物动词(vi.)和有实在意义系动词充当。
He smiled happily. (vi.)
He fell ill yesterday. (link. v.)
Someone left his book on the desk. (vt.)
What she said at the meeting surprised us.（_____）
I miss my grandma.（_____）
We read aloud.（_____）
The music sounds beautiful.（_____）
观察2 观察作谓语的词性特征，并对后面句子的词性进行标注。
3.宾语 (O-object): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语（DO) → 常指物，和间接宾语(IO) → 常指人)。
He reads a book. （名词）
He wants three. （数词）
He likes swimming. （动名词）
She wants to fly. （不定式）
He waits for the chance. （名词）（介宾）
He bought her a coat. （间接宾语，直接宾语）
He loves her. （代词）
观察3 让学生观察作宾语的都哪些词，并标注出来。
系动词 (linking verb): 状态系动词，表示主语的状态、身份等。常见的系动词有：be 动词 (am, is, are), 半系动词 (stay, keep, turn, remain, get 等)，感官系动词 (feel, smell, taste, sound等)。
I am happy.
The day turns long.
He gets angry.
He seems ill.
The food smells good.
告诉学生系动词是英语特有的，汉语里没有系动词这个说法。
表语 (P-predicative)：用在系动词之后, 说明主语“是什么” “怎么样”；一般可由名词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式、代词、数词、介词短语等充当。
She is a doctor. （名词）
The cloth feels soft. （形容词）
His favorite sport is running. （动名词）
Your task is to find out the cost. （不定式）
The helper is him. （代词）
The lucky number in China is eight. （数词）
She is in the room. （介词短语）
观察4让学生观察作表语的是什么词性，或有什么特征，并填在括号里。
定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。英语中的定语既可前置，也可后置。
a nice girl 形容词
three cups 数词
He has something to eat. 不定式
a sleeping baby 现在分词
the burnt food 过去分词
The girl in red is his sister. 介词短语
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. 现在分词
a shoe shop 名词
观察5让学生说出作定语的是哪些词性或结构，并告诉学生介词结构，非谓语动词作定语大多后置。
状语 (adverbial): 用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子的成分；说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等; 一般可由副词或介词短语充当，还可以由非谓语。
walk slowly
very good
quite well
He has lived there for ten years.
Seeing her mother, he girl cried excitedly.
Given enough time, I’ll get the work done.
The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.
观察6 最后三个句子的状语形式有什么特征？
宾语补足语 (Object complement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。
She encouraged her students to study hard.
He gets the floor clean.
He saw a bird flying over his head.
She thinks him a good teacher.
注意：划线部分为宾语，红色为宾语补足语，其作用是为了补充宾语没有表达完的内容。
Practice 1
指出下列句子划线部分句子成分。
1. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
2. Five and five is ten.
3. I enjoy working with you.
4. The food tastes good.
5. The boys playing football are in Class 2.
6. He was elected monitor.
7. She was found singing in the next room.
8. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
9. The question is whether they will come.
10. The door remains open.
11. He gave me a book yesterday.
12. Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.
Step Ⅲ Presentation and explanation
The teacher present 8 simple sentence structures one by one. When giving, the teacher first give sentences, and then get the class to tell what the structure is. Some of them will be given further questions.
1.主谓结构(SV)
She smiled.
Tom cried.
The sun rose.
The heavy smoke appeared.
All of us laughed!
The car stopped.
The old man died.
观察7红色的为谓语动词，由__________ 充当。
2.主谓状 (S V A)
She smiled secretly.
Tom cried loudly.
The sun rose in the east.
The heavy smoke appeared ______________.
All of us laughed _______________!
The car stopped _______________.
The old man died _______________.
He came in ____________________.
The sun set ____________________.
后面几个句子的状语由学生自己填，答案不是唯一的。对于精彩的答案，老师要予以评讲。
3.主谓宾 (SVO)
Who knows the answer
He has refused to help them.
He enjoys reading.
They ate what was left over.
He said “Good morning”.
I want to have a cup of tea. 此句宾语由___________充当。
He admitted that he was mistaken. 此句宾语由___________充当。
观察8这些句子的谓语由_________充当。
4.主谓宾状 (S V O A)
I bought a book yesterday.
She likes dancing very much.
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
I drove her away.
观察9体会一下哪些词可以作状语？
Practice 2
用上面4种结构翻译下列汉语，并标注出属于哪种。
1）我最喜欢诗歌。
2）我在英语竞赛中多次获奖。
3）我是来自福建的李华。
4）我可以在暑假期间提高英语水平。
5）太阳每天在西方落下。
6）我的父亲写了一本有关园艺的书。
Keys:
I like poem best. 主谓宾状
2) I have won prizes in English competition. 主谓宾状
3) I am Li Hua from Fujinan. 主系表+状
4) I can improve my English during summer vacations. 主谓宾状
5) The sun sets in the west every day. 主谓宾
6) My father wrote a book on Gardening. 主谓宾状
5.主谓双宾 (S V IO DO)
1) She ordered herself a new dress.
2) She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3) He brought you a dictionary.
4) I showed him my pictures.
5) I gave my car a wash.
6) I told him that the bus was late.
7) He showed me how to run the machine.
观察10如果把直接宾语放在间接宾语前会怎么样？
She ordered a new dress to herself.
I gave a wash to my car.
He brought a dictionary for you.
I showed my pictures to him.
让学生自己造几个直接宾语前置的句子，熟练掌握间接宾语前加介词的规则。
6.主系表 (SP)
This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner smells good.
He fell in love.
Everything looks different.
He is growing tall and strong.
The trouble is that they are short of money.
Our well has gone dry.
His face turned red.
系动词加表语是高考考查的重难点。请作下面汉译英进行巩固。
Practice 3高考常考的几个系动词考查翻译。
1）这些花闻起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet.
2）Tom看起来很瘦弱。 Tom looks very thin and weak.
3）他性格外向。 He is outgoing.
4）今天他似乎很不高兴。 He seemed/appeared unhappy today.
5）这种布摸起来很柔软。This kind of cloth feels soft.
6）春天，树叶渐渐变绿了。 The leaves turn green gradually in spring.
7）他的计划结果成功了。 His plan turned out a success.
8）他长得很强壮。 He grows very strong.
9）她一直不说话。 She kept silent.
7.主谓宾+宾补 (S V O C)
They appointed him manager.
They painted the door green.
This set them thinking.
They found the house deserted.
What makes him think so
We saw him out.
He asked me to come back soon.
I saw them getting on the bus.
观察11让学生找出每个句子的宾补。
Practice 3
翻译下列句子
1）我听见一个女孩在唱歌。 I heard a girl singing.
2）我们把这种食品叫月饼。 We call this kind of food mooncake.
3）他使我们大笑。 He makes us laugh.
4）我发现汉语很难。I find Chinese very hard.
5）老师叫我们赶快回到教室。 The teacher asked us to go back to the classroom.
8.There be …
There are three people in my uncle’s family.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There isn’t a boy in the room.
There aren’t any books on the desk.
观察12为什么有的用There is，有的用There are？
观察下列句子，让学生总结“就近原则”：
There is a basketball in the box.
There is a little milk in the glass.
There are many birds in the tree.
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
Practice 4
1) There ______ (be) an English corner in our school.
2) There ______ (be) a number of students coming from foreign countries.
3) There ______ (be) much time for us to think of a good idea.
4) There ______ (be) a child and a couple in the room.
Practice 5 翻译红色部分
There will be an English test next Monday.
There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.
There happened to be some money in my pocket.
There used to be a church across from the bank.
There seems to be more and more things for us to know and study.
观察13 观察下列红色部分特征，让学生尝试总结规律。
There is a boy reading books in the shade.
There are some students playing baseball in the playground.
There was a car stolen last night.
There has been more money spent on helping the poor.
Practice 6
1. There _______ (be) a concert given by the top students from Yale University next Tuesday.
2. There ______ (be) a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.
3. There _____ (be) a book and four pens on the desk.
4. There are a lot of work_______ (do).
5. There is a wallet________ (lie) on the ground.
6. There will be a party___________ (hold) this weekend.
7. There will be a singer from America _________(show) up in the gala
Step Ⅳ Summary
Get the students to summary the structures. Then perform some tests.
Practice 7
Study the sentence structure
All of us laughed.
2) I miss my grandma.
3) Mr. Zhou is a kind and humourous teacher.
4) He told us a funny story.
5) I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
6) He talked too much.
7) I had my first maths class in senior high school.
8)There's a lot to explore in senior high.
2. Analyse the sentence structure
1). The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city.
2). We must act.
3). The maths homework looks easy.
4). The teacher found the classroom empty.
5). My mum bought me a new dictionary.
6). Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
7). There is an English Corner in our school.
8). We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
3. Read and analyse the structure
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells him what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There's always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much fun when you are at sea!
Step Ⅴ Integrating Skills
1.拓展句子，使句意更完整
The old man died.
→The old man, the former mayor of the town, died quietly 2 years ago.
Mr. Chen teaches English.
→ Mr. Chen, an enthusiastic teacher, teaches English in No. 1 Senior High School.
Einstein went to America.
→ Einstein, born in Germany, went to America during the second world war.
Einstein has made great contribution.
→
Mr. Smith will give us a speech.
→
Many students went to the zoo.
→
China is a large country.
→
The study is based on health data.
→
There are many people in the city square.
→
2.汉译英（注意定语的翻译）
①她是一个来自4班的女生。
②来自于郑州大学的杨教授要给我们作一个关于“大自然”的报告。
③坐在我后面的老人是我的爷爷。
④我喜欢昨天买的电脑。
⑤她是一个美丽的女孩，长着一头秀发。
⑥他是一个很有勇气的男孩。
⑦我是育才中学的学生会主席。
⑧生活在中国的人过着快乐的生活。
Keys:
① She is a girl from Class 4.
She is a girl who is from Class 4.
② Professor Yang will give us a lecture.
ProfessorYang from Zhengzhou University will give us a lecture on Nature.
③ The old man is my grandpa.
The old man sitting behind me is my grandpa.
The old man who is sitting behind me is my grandpa.
④I like the computer.
I like the computer which was bought yesterday.
⑤ She is a pretty girl with long and black hair.
⑥ He is a boy with great courage.
⑦ I am president of the student union of Yucai Middle School.
⑧ People living in China are living happy life.
People living in China are living happily.
Step Ⅴ Summary
1.这8种结构是英语中最基本的结构，它们是句子的骨干；
2.单纯的主谓结构，或主谓宾结构很少，我们读到的，听到的其实远比这些句子复杂的多；
3.任何英语句子都是先确定主谓，主谓宾，或主系表主干，然后加上定语、状语等。这个在以后的课中会告诉大家。
4.今天我们只谈了结构，其实实际运用时我们还要考虑很多，譬如，时态，语态，从句等。
5.我们要通过应用来检验这些规则。
Step Ⅵ Summary
Finish the tests in this period.
Preview the reading passage on Page 8. Analyse the structure of the sentences in the 2 passages.

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