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2026学年八年级下册英语期末试卷（河南省卷专用）
学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________
（时间：90分钟，满分：100分）
一、阅读理解 (20 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分)
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest minds in history. He was born in 1452. From childhood, he dreamed of understanding the world and capturing its beauty in art.
He started painting early. He was a keen observer (敏锐的观察者) and asked deep questions. At 14, he entered a painting workshop (作坊) and trained for ten years.
But Leonardo believed great art needed more. He studied science to paint more realistically (逼真地). He even studied human bodies to see how muscles moved, which was very unusual then. People called him the “scientist painter”. His goal was to “understand and copy nature perfectly”.
The painting Mona Lisa shows his dedication (奉献). He spent four years on it, thinking carefully about her famous smile. Even when finished, he kept polishing it, looking for ways to make it better.
His lifelong love of learning and pursuit of excellence made him a legend. Today, the Mona Lisa still amazes the world.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．How many years did Leonardo train in a painting workshop
A．About 4 years. B．Exactly 10 years. C．More than 14 years. D．His whole youth.
2．Why did Leonardo study science
A．To become a famous scientist.
B．To make his paintings more real.
C．To study human bodies well.
D．To get the name “scientist painter”.
3．The example of the Mona Lisa is used to show that Leonardo ________.
A．painted very slowly B．loved nature deeply
C．was never happy with his work D．was very hardworking and careful
4．The underlined word “polishing” in the text is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．improving B．changing C．protecting D．showing
5．What is the main reason for Leonardo’s success according to the text
A．He knew a lot. B．He practised a lot.
C．He had a strong will and never gave up. D．He started learning at a very young age.
B
School Safety Lesson: Lightning Safety
Lightning is one of the most dangerous natural forces. Every year, lightning hurts hundreds of people around the world, and most accidents happen outdoors during summer thunderstorms. Our school held a special safety class to teach students how to stay away from lightning danger.
Ms. Lee, our science teacher, led the lesson. First, she told us wrong ideas many people believe. Some students thought rubber shoes could stop lightning, but Ms. Lee said rubber cannot fully protect you. Others thought hiding under a single big tree was safe, but trees attract lightning easily. If lightning hits a tree, the electricity will spread out and hurt anyone nearby.
Then she shared clear outdoor rules. If you hear thunder while you are outside, go into a building or a closed car right away. Do not stay in open areas like playgrounds, lakes or hills. Put away metal things such as bikes, umbrellas and baseball bats, because metal carries electricity fast.
For indoor safety, students also learned important rules. When lightning flashes outside, do not touch water taps, washing machines or electric wires. Stop using landline phones. Stay away from windows and metal window frames. It is safe to use mobile phones only if you sit far from walls and windows.
At the end of class, we watched a short video about lightning accidents and correct self-protection skills. We also made safety posters to put up in our classroom. Ms. Lee said, “Thunderstorms come fast in summer. Knowing these rules can save your life when lightning strikes.”
I used to think lightning was just beautiful bright flashes in the sky. After this class, I understand its hidden danger, and I will follow all the safety tips whenever a thunderstorm comes.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
6．When do most lightning accidents happen
A．Winter snow days B．Summer thunderstorms
C．Spring sandstorms D．Autumn foggy mornings
7．Which idea about lightning is WRONG
A．Rubber shoes can keep you safe from lightning
B．Big trees easily attract lightning strikes
C．Closed cars can protect you outside
D．Metal objects carry electricity quickly
8．What should you do when thunder comes while you are outside
A．Stand under a tall oak tree B．Lie down on open grassland
C．Enter a closed building quickly D．Hold a metal umbrella above your head
9．Which thing can you touch during lightning at home
A．Water tap B．Mobile phone far from windows
C．Washing machine D．Landline telephone
10．What is the main purpose of the school safety class
A．To explain how lightning forms in clouds
B．To teach students lightning self-protection skills
C．To make beautiful safety posters for the school
D．To watch videos about different natural disasters
C
China makes a big step forward in high - tech materials. On March 11, 2026, Chinese scientists successfully developed the world-class carbon fiber (碳纤维)——T1200. Chinese researchers make this new material all by themselves, and they can produce it in large numbers now. This is a great achievement in China’s high-tech development.
The carbon fiber is very special. It is much thinner than a human hair, with a diameter less than 4.5 micrometers (微米), just one-tenth of a hair. But it is ten times stronger than steel (钢铁). Although it is light in weight, it can carry heavy things safely. People use it in many important fields, such as aerospace (航空航天), high-speed trains and robots.
In the past, only a few foreign countries controlled the technology of making high-quality carbon fiber. China had to buy this material from other countries for a long time. However, Chinese researchers never gave up. After years of hard work, they finally broke the foreign control and made carbon fiber T1200 by themselves.
This great news makes every Chinese feel proud. As middle school students, we should learn from these scientists. If we study hard and keep trying, we can help our country develop better in the future.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11．What is T1200 according to the passage
A．A strong country. B．A kind of world-class carbon fiber.
C．A famous scientist. D．A new type of high-speed train.
12．In which fields is the carbon fiber widely used
A．Food and drinks. B．Aerospace and high-speed trains.
C．Clothing and fashion. D．Books and education.
13．How does the writer describe (描述) carbon fiber in paragraph 2
A．By comparing and giving numbers. B．By telling a story.
C．By listing different ideas. D．By asking questions.
14．Which of the following is an OPINION according to the passage
A．The carbon fiber can carry heavy things safely.
B．Chinese scientists made carbon fiber T1200 on their own.
C．As middle school students, we should learn from these scientists.
D．The carbon fiber is much thinner than a human hair.
15．What does the writer think of the future of China’s new material
A．Worried. B．Regretful. C．Positive. D．Disappointed.
D
Reading on Paper or on Screen
Is reading on a screen the same as reading on paper 16 There are clear differences between the two ways of reading.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is usually more successful on paper than on screen. 17 The benefits of paper reading are especially easy to notice when a task needs deeper thinking. When you read on paper, you can touch the pages, remember where the words are and focus more easily. 18
However, reading on a screen often turns into a fun activity, not serious learning. Your attention may easily go to online apps or social media, like WeChat, Douyin. You may put less brain (大脑) power into reading than when you read on paper. 19
Some people prefer videos because they feel more interesting, but studies show adults remember more from reading than from listening or watching.
20 They can help when books are not easy to get. But for deep thinking, reading on paper is still the best choice. We should not treat all ways of learning as the same, even if they have the same words.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A．That’s why you may not remember the content (内容) very well.
B．The answer is often “no”.
C．A large amount of research supports this finding.
D．Digital tools are also useful.
E．These advantages help you keep what you read in mind longer.
二、完形填空(15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分)
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Firefighters (消防员) always help people in need with their courage and wisdom (勇气与智慧). Recently, a firefighter named Ryan Benton 21 many people’s hearts with his kindness and love as he read a book to a little girl after a car accident.
Ryan and his workmates were on the place where the 22 happened to deal with (处理) it in Billings, Montana, USA．The cars were 23 broken but luckily, all of the passengers were 24 . Among the passengers, there was a little girl. She looked 25 and scared. 26-year-old Ryan 26 the small child. He thought a terrible 27 like this could scare the little girl and she might not forget it easily after this. Wanting to 28 she was okay and became quiet and more relaxed, Ryan sat down with her on the side of the road and began 29 her a story. He tried his best to take her mind off the accident. This also gave her parents enough time to deal with the following 30 .
A nearby witness (目击者) at the accident 31 a picture of this touching time, and she shared it online. She said, “This firefighter is 32 as he was able to get the girl’s attention (注意力)!”
Love and kindness are 33 people need most in the darkest time in life. Ryan was really 34 . His small effort (努力) was heart-warming. He was the light 35 that cold, scary night.
21．A．looked B．listened C．touched D．beat
22．A．story B．conversation C．competition D．accident
23．A．badly B．hardly C．simply D．finally
24．A．safe B．dangerous C．healthy D．comfortable
25．A．normal B．strict C．understanding D．shocked
26．A．woke B．noticed C．wondered D．raised
27．A．idea B．experience C．decision D．program
28．A．put up B．make sure C．find out D．think of
29．A．reading B．speaking C．saying D．hearing
30．A．ways B．keys C．steps D．texts
31．A．made B．picked C．took D．offered
32．A．amazing B．tiring C．relaxing D．young
33．A．how B．where C．which D．what
34．A．helpful B．beautiful C．funny D．outgoing
35．A．to B．on C．about D．with
三、语篇填空 (15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分)
第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
run, relax, happy, join, help, take, friend, outdoor, activity, many
My school holds many kinds of after-school 36 every term. I like them a lot because they make our school life colorful. There are ball games, music clubs and 37 clubs. I 38 the running club last term.
Every afternoon after class, we gather on the playground. Some students 39 fast, and others walk slowly. We keep talking and laughing 40 . It’s not noisy but lively. Running can keep us healthy and make us 41 . We also learn to be 42 to each other. When someone falls down, others will 43 him up right away.
Now 44 students want to join our club. I hope more classmates can 45 part in outdoor sports and stay healthy.
第二节 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
I’m Clark, and I come from the UK. I have lived in Beijing with my parents for about two years. Last week, my uncle in the UK came to visit us. We didn’t know about it 46 he arrived in Beijing. My parents and I would like to show him around. The Palace Museum is 47 must-see in Beijing, as people often say that one cannot come to Beijing 48 seeing it. Unluckily, the tickets were sold out. So, we decided to take my uncle to Jingshan Park instead.
Jingshan Park also rests 49 the central part of Beijing, to the north of the Palace Museum. On the top of the hill, we saw the whole Palace Museum. What an amazing view! 50 you want to see the Palace Museum from above, Jingshan Park is a perfect choice for you. We all enjoyed ourselves in the park that day. It was really a wonderful experience.
四、补全对话 (5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话意思连贯、完整。
M: Wow, you look great today, Ms Lee! What a nice dress!
W: 51 . It’s a Chinese traditional costume. We call it Qipao in Chinese.
M: It looks special and beautiful. 52
W: Yes, there are many other traditional clothes in China. For example, the Chinese Tang costume.
M: Tang costume 53
W: It has got rich colours, beautiful silk knot buttons (盘扣), fine embroideries and a unique design. It stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.
M: 54
W: People often wear it on festivals or important days.
M: That sounds interesting! I’d like to know more about Chinese traditional cultures besides clothes. Can you tell me
W: Yes. 55 .
M: Wow, China is really an amazing country. I think I’m falling in love with China!
五、书面表达 (共 20 分)
56．礼仪反映一个人的基本素质,礼仪反映一个社会的文明程度。你们班将在英语课上举行一场主题为“Let’s have good manners”的英语演讲比赛,请你根据下表内容，写一篇英语演讲稿。
Dos Don’ts
在公共场所保持安静,交谈时压低声音 大声交谈,大笑
遵守交通规则 闯红灯
排队等候 插队
……(至少2点) …(至少2点)
要求: 1.包含所有给出的信息,可适当发挥;
1. 90 词左右。开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇: run the red light闯红灯
Let’s have good manners
Hello, everyone. It’s very important to be a person with good manners.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s have good manners together and say goodbye to bad manners.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页2026学年八年级下册英语期末试卷（河南省卷专用）
学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________
（时间：90分钟，满分：100分）
一、阅读理解 (20 小题，每小题 2 分，共 40 分)
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
Leonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest minds in history. He was born in 1452. From childhood, he dreamed of understanding the world and capturing its beauty in art.
He started painting early. He was a keen observer (敏锐的观察者) and asked deep questions. At 14, he entered a painting workshop (作坊) and trained for ten years.
But Leonardo believed great art needed more. He studied science to paint more realistically (逼真地). He even studied human bodies to see how muscles moved, which was very unusual then. People called him the “scientist painter”. His goal was to “understand and copy nature perfectly”.
The painting Mona Lisa shows his dedication (奉献). He spent four years on it, thinking carefully about her famous smile. Even when finished, he kept polishing it, looking for ways to make it better.
His lifelong love of learning and pursuit of excellence made him a legend. Today, the Mona Lisa still amazes the world.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．How many years did Leonardo train in a painting workshop
A．About 4 years. B．Exactly 10 years. C．More than 14 years. D．His whole youth.
2．Why did Leonardo study science
A．To become a famous scientist.
B．To make his paintings more real.
C．To study human bodies well.
D．To get the name “scientist painter”.
3．The example of the Mona Lisa is used to show that Leonardo ________.
A．painted very slowly B．loved nature deeply
C．was never happy with his work D．was very hardworking and careful
4．The underlined word “polishing” in the text is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．improving B．changing C．protecting D．showing
5．What is the main reason for Leonardo’s success according to the text
A．He knew a lot. B．He practised a lot.
C．He had a strong will and never gave up. D．He started learning at a very young age.
B
School Safety Lesson: Lightning Safety
Lightning is one of the most dangerous natural forces. Every year, lightning hurts hundreds of people around the world, and most accidents happen outdoors during summer thunderstorms. Our school held a special safety class to teach students how to stay away from lightning danger.
Ms. Lee, our science teacher, led the lesson. First, she told us wrong ideas many people believe. Some students thought rubber shoes could stop lightning, but Ms. Lee said rubber cannot fully protect you. Others thought hiding under a single big tree was safe, but trees attract lightning easily. If lightning hits a tree, the electricity will spread out and hurt anyone nearby.
Then she shared clear outdoor rules. If you hear thunder while you are outside, go into a building or a closed car right away. Do not stay in open areas like playgrounds, lakes or hills. Put away metal things such as bikes, umbrellas and baseball bats, because metal carries electricity fast.
For indoor safety, students also learned important rules. When lightning flashes outside, do not touch water taps, washing machines or electric wires. Stop using landline phones. Stay away from windows and metal window frames. It is safe to use mobile phones only if you sit far from walls and windows.
At the end of class, we watched a short video about lightning accidents and correct self-protection skills. We also made safety posters to put up in our classroom. Ms. Lee said, “Thunderstorms come fast in summer. Knowing these rules can save your life when lightning strikes.”
I used to think lightning was just beautiful bright flashes in the sky. After this class, I understand its hidden danger, and I will follow all the safety tips whenever a thunderstorm comes.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
6．When do most lightning accidents happen
A．Winter snow days B．Summer thunderstorms
C．Spring sandstorms D．Autumn foggy mornings
7．Which idea about lightning is WRONG
A．Rubber shoes can keep you safe from lightning
B．Big trees easily attract lightning strikes
C．Closed cars can protect you outside
D．Metal objects carry electricity quickly
8．What should you do when thunder comes while you are outside
A．Stand under a tall oak tree B．Lie down on open grassland
C．Enter a closed building quickly D．Hold a metal umbrella above your head
9．Which thing can you touch during lightning at home
A．Water tap B．Mobile phone far from windows
C．Washing machine D．Landline telephone
10．What is the main purpose of the school safety class
A．To explain how lightning forms in clouds
B．To teach students lightning self-protection skills
C．To make beautiful safety posters for the school
D．To watch videos about different natural disasters
C
China makes a big step forward in high - tech materials. On March 11, 2026, Chinese scientists successfully developed the world-class carbon fiber (碳纤维)——T1200. Chinese researchers make this new material all by themselves, and they can produce it in large numbers now. This is a great achievement in China’s high-tech development.
The carbon fiber is very special. It is much thinner than a human hair, with a diameter less than 4.5 micrometers (微米), just one-tenth of a hair. But it is ten times stronger than steel (钢铁). Although it is light in weight, it can carry heavy things safely. People use it in many important fields, such as aerospace (航空航天), high-speed trains and robots.
In the past, only a few foreign countries controlled the technology of making high-quality carbon fiber. China had to buy this material from other countries for a long time. However, Chinese researchers never gave up. After years of hard work, they finally broke the foreign control and made carbon fiber T1200 by themselves.
This great news makes every Chinese feel proud. As middle school students, we should learn from these scientists. If we study hard and keep trying, we can help our country develop better in the future.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11．What is T1200 according to the passage
A．A strong country. B．A kind of world-class carbon fiber.
C．A famous scientist. D．A new type of high-speed train.
12．In which fields is the carbon fiber widely used
A．Food and drinks. B．Aerospace and high-speed trains.
C．Clothing and fashion. D．Books and education.
13．How does the writer describe (描述) carbon fiber in paragraph 2
A．By comparing and giving numbers. B．By telling a story.
C．By listing different ideas. D．By asking questions.
14．Which of the following is an OPINION according to the passage
A．The carbon fiber can carry heavy things safely.
B．Chinese scientists made carbon fiber T1200 on their own.
C．As middle school students, we should learn from these scientists.
D．The carbon fiber is much thinner than a human hair.
15．What does the writer think of the future of China’s new material
A．Worried. B．Regretful. C．Positive. D．Disappointed.
D
Reading on Paper or on Screen
Is reading on a screen the same as reading on paper 16 There are clear differences between the two ways of reading.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is usually more successful on paper than on screen. 17 The benefits of paper reading are especially easy to notice when a task needs deeper thinking. When you read on paper, you can touch the pages, remember where the words are and focus more easily. 18
However, reading on a screen often turns into a fun activity, not serious learning. Your attention may easily go to online apps or social media, like WeChat, Douyin. You may put less brain (大脑) power into reading than when you read on paper. 19
Some people prefer videos because they feel more interesting, but studies show adults remember more from reading than from listening or watching.
20 They can help when books are not easy to get. But for deep thinking, reading on paper is still the best choice. We should not treat all ways of learning as the same, even if they have the same words.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A．That’s why you may not remember the content (内容) very well.
B．The answer is often “no”.
C．A large amount of research supports this finding.
D．Digital tools are also useful.
E．These advantages help you keep what you read in mind longer.
二、完形填空(15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分)
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Firefighters (消防员) always help people in need with their courage and wisdom (勇气与智慧). Recently, a firefighter named Ryan Benton 21 many people’s hearts with his kindness and love as he read a book to a little girl after a car accident.
Ryan and his workmates were on the place where the 22 happened to deal with (处理) it in Billings, Montana, USA．The cars were 23 broken but luckily, all of the passengers were 24 . Among the passengers, there was a little girl. She looked 25 and scared. 26-year-old Ryan 26 the small child. He thought a terrible 27 like this could scare the little girl and she might not forget it easily after this. Wanting to 28 she was okay and became quiet and more relaxed, Ryan sat down with her on the side of the road and began 29 her a story. He tried his best to take her mind off the accident. This also gave her parents enough time to deal with the following 30 .
A nearby witness (目击者) at the accident 31 a picture of this touching time, and she shared it online. She said, “This firefighter is 32 as he was able to get the girl’s attention (注意力)!”
Love and kindness are 33 people need most in the darkest time in life. Ryan was really 34 . His small effort (努力) was heart-warming. He was the light 35 that cold, scary night.
21．A．looked B．listened C．touched D．beat
22．A．story B．conversation C．competition D．accident
23．A．badly B．hardly C．simply D．finally
24．A．safe B．dangerous C．healthy D．comfortable
25．A．normal B．strict C．understanding D．shocked
26．A．woke B．noticed C．wondered D．raised
27．A．idea B．experience C．decision D．program
28．A．put up B．make sure C．find out D．think of
29．A．reading B．speaking C．saying D．hearing
30．A．ways B．keys C．steps D．texts
31．A．made B．picked C．took D．offered
32．A．amazing B．tiring C．relaxing D．young
33．A．how B．where C．which D．what
34．A．helpful B．beautiful C．funny D．outgoing
35．A．to B．on C．about D．with
三、语篇填空 (15 小题，每小题 1 分，共 15 分)
第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
run, relax, happy, join, help, take, friend, outdoor, activity, many
My school holds many kinds of after-school 36 every term. I like them a lot because they make our school life colorful. There are ball games, music clubs and 37 clubs. I 38 the running club last term.
Every afternoon after class, we gather on the playground. Some students 39 fast, and others walk slowly. We keep talking and laughing 40 . It’s not noisy but lively. Running can keep us healthy and make us 41 . We also learn to be 42 to each other. When someone falls down, others will 43 him up right away.
Now 44 students want to join our club. I hope more classmates can 45 part in outdoor sports and stay healthy.
第二节 阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
I’m Clark, and I come from the UK. I have lived in Beijing with my parents for about two years. Last week, my uncle in the UK came to visit us. We didn’t know about it 46 he arrived in Beijing. My parents and I would like to show him around. The Palace Museum is 47 must-see in Beijing, as people often say that one cannot come to Beijing 48 seeing it. Unluckily, the tickets were sold out. So, we decided to take my uncle to Jingshan Park instead.
Jingshan Park also rests 49 the central part of Beijing, to the north of the Palace Museum. On the top of the hill, we saw the whole Palace Museum. What an amazing view! 50 you want to see the Palace Museum from above, Jingshan Park is a perfect choice for you. We all enjoyed ourselves in the park that day. It was really a wonderful experience.
四、补全对话 (5 小题，每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话意思连贯、完整。
M: Wow, you look great today, Ms Lee! What a nice dress!
W: 51 . It’s a Chinese traditional costume. We call it Qipao in Chinese.
M: It looks special and beautiful. 52
W: Yes, there are many other traditional clothes in China. For example, the Chinese Tang costume.
M: Tang costume 53
W: It has got rich colours, beautiful silk knot buttons (盘扣), fine embroideries and a unique design. It stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.
M: 54
W: People often wear it on festivals or important days.
M: That sounds interesting! I’d like to know more about Chinese traditional cultures besides clothes. Can you tell me
W: Yes. 55 .
M: Wow, China is really an amazing country. I think I’m falling in love with China!
五、书面表达 (共 20 分)
56．礼仪反映一个人的基本素质,礼仪反映一个社会的文明程度。你们班将在英语课上举行一场主题为“Let’s have good manners”的英语演讲比赛,请你根据下表内容，写一篇英语演讲稿。
Dos Don’ts
在公共场所保持安静,交谈时压低声音 大声交谈,大笑
遵守交通规则 闯红灯
排队等候 插队
……(至少2点) …(至少2点)
要求: 1.包含所有给出的信息,可适当发挥;
1. 90 词左右。开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇: run the red light闯红灯
Let’s have good manners
Hello, everyone. It’s very important to be a person with good manners.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s have good manners together and say goodbye to bad manners.
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B B D A C B A C B B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B B A C C B C E A D
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C D A A D B B B A C
题号 31 32 33 34 35
答案 C A D A B
1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了文艺复兴时期伟大的艺术家达芬奇的成长经历、艺术追求以及他对科学的探索精神，并通过《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画作展现了他对艺术的极致追求。
【详解】1．根据原文第二段“At 14, he entered a painting workshop and trained for ten years.”可知，他在作坊里训练了整整十年。
2．根据原文第三段“He studied science to paint more realistically.”可知，他学习科学的目的是为了让他的画作更加真实。
3．根据原文第四段“The painting Mona Lisa shows his dedication. He spent four years on it, thinking carefully about her famous smile. Even when finished, he kept polishing it, looking for ways to make it better.”可知，这表明他非常勤奋且细心。
4．根据原文第四段“Even when finished, he kept polishing it, looking for ways to make it better.”，结合语境，他为了让画作更好而不断进行某种操作，结合选项，improving最符合语境。
5．根据原文最后一段“His lifelong love of learning and pursuit of excellence made him a legend.”可知，这表明他有着坚强的意志并且从不放弃，这正是他成功的主要原因。
6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇校园安全教育说明文，介绍了雷电的危险性，纠正了关于防雷的常见错误认知，并详细讲解了室内外的雷电防护知识。
【详解】6．第一段“and most accidents happen outdoors during summer thunderstorms”点明大多数雷击事故发生在夏季雷暴期间。
7．第二段“Some students thought rubber shoes could stop lightning, but Ms. Lee said rubber cannot fully protect you”说明“橡胶鞋能完全防雷”是错误的认知。
8．第三段“If you hear thunder while you are outside, go into a building or a closed car right away”说明听到雷声时应立刻进入封闭建筑或车内。
9．第四段“It is safe to use mobile phones only if you sit far from walls and windows”说明在远离门窗的位置使用手机是安全的，其余选项均为禁止触碰的物品。
10．根据第一段最后一句“Our school held a special safety class to teach students how to stay away from lightning danger.”及全文主旨可知，课程的主要目的是教授学生防雷自我保护技能。
11．B 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述中国自主研发出世界级T1200碳纤维，介绍了这种新材料轻薄坚固的特性、应用领域，回顾过去国外技术垄断的困境，赞扬科研人员自主攻关的成果，并号召中学生向科学家学习。
【详解】11．第一段指出研究成果：“Chinese scientists successfully developed the world-class carbon fiber (碳纤维)——T1200.”，这直接说明 T1200 是一种世界级碳纤维。
12．第二段介绍材料应用：“People use it in many important fields, such as aerospace (航空航天), high-speed trains and robots.”，这直接说明碳纤维被广泛用于航空航天和高铁领域。
13．第二段描述碳纤维：“It is much thinner than a human hair...less than 4.5 micrometers...just one-tenth of a hair. But it is ten times stronger than steel.”，文中使用数字、和头发、钢铁对比的方式说明材质特点。
14．末段提出：“As middle school students, we should learn from these scientists.”，这是作者给出的主观倡议，属于观点。
15．全文称自主研发碳纤维是“great achievement”，这件事让国人感到自豪，还鼓励学生努力助力国家发展，能看出作者对我国新材料的未来持积极乐观态度。
16．B 17．C 18．E 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文对比了纸质阅读和电子屏幕阅读的区别。
【详解】16．前文提出问句“Is reading on a screen the same as reading on paper ”，后文点明两种阅读方式有明显差异。B项“The answer is often ‘no’.”直接回答前文的一般疑问句，起到承上启下的作用，逻辑通顺。
17．前文提出观点：几百词及以上的文本，纸质阅读学习效果更好。C项“A large amount of research supports this finding.”用大量研究佐证前文的观点，衔接自然。
18．前文列举纸质阅读的优势：触摸书页、记住文字位置、更容易集中注意力。E项“These advantages help you keep what you read in mind longer.”中的These advantages指代上文纸质阅读的各类好处，承接上文说明这些优势带来的结果。
19．前文说明屏幕阅读时人们投入的脑力更少，容易分心。A项“That’s why you may not remember the content very well.”解释脑力投入少带来的后果，前后构成因果关系。
20．后文“They can help when books are not easy to get.”中代词They指代空格内容，后文讲数字工具在书籍难以获取时能发挥作用。D项“Digital tools are also useful.”引出数字工具，与后文人称代词对应，逻辑连贯。
21．C 22．D 23．A 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．B
【导语】本文讲述消防员瑞安在车祸现场给受惊小女孩读书，暖心举动被路人拍下传到网上，诠释善意与温暖的故事。
【详解】21．句意：消防员Ryan Benton在车祸后给一个小女孩读书，用他的善良和爱心触动了许多人的心。
下文多次提到“touching”“heart-warming”等词，表明他“触动”了人们的心，touched“触动”符合语境，looked“看”、listened“听”和beat“击打”不符。
22．句意：Ryan和同事们赶到了事故发生的现场进行处理。
上文明确提到“after a car accident”，此处指事故发生的地方，accident“事故”符合语境，story“故事”、conversation“对话”和competition“比赛”不符。
23．句意：汽车严重损坏，但幸运的是所有乘客都安全。
下文用“but luckily”转折，说明车况很糟糕，badly“严重地”修饰broken符合语境，hardly“几乎不”、simply“简单地”和finally“最终”不符。
24．句意：汽车严重损坏，但幸运的是所有乘客都是安全的。
“but luckily”表示转折，说明虽然车坏了但人没事，safe“安全的”符合语境，dangerous“危险的”、healthy“健康的”和comfortable“舒适的”不符。
25．句意：她看起来既震惊又害怕。
上文说这是一场严重车祸，小女孩作为乘客应该是受惊的，shocked“震惊的”与scared并列符合语境，normal“正常的”、strict“严格的”和understanding“善解人意的”不符。
26．句意：26岁的Ryan注意到了这个小孩。
Ryan主动关心小女孩，说明他先“注意到”了她，noticed“注意到”符合语境，woke“叫醒”、wondered“想知道”和raised“举起”不符。
27．句意：他认为像这样可怕的经历可能会吓到这个小女孩，她以后可能不会轻易忘记。
车祸对小女孩来说是一次可怕的“经历”，experience“经历”符合语境，idea“主意”、decision“决定”和program“节目”不符。
28．句意：想要确保她没事，变得安静和更放松，Ryan坐在路边开始给她讲故事。
Ryan的目的是“确保”小女孩状况良好，make sure“确保”符合语境，put up“张贴”、find out“查明”和think of“想到”不符。
29．句意：Ryan坐在路边开始给她读一个故事。
上文明确提到“read a book to a little girl”，此处对应read，reading“读”符合语境，speaking“说（语言）”、saying“说（内容）”和hearing“听到”不符。
30．句意：这也给了她父母足够的时间来处理接下来的步骤。
父母需要处理事故后的各种事宜，steps“步骤”符合语境，ways“方式”、keys“钥匙”和texts“文本”不符。
31．句意：事故现场附近的一位目击者拍下了这张感人的照片，并分享到了网上。
“拍照”固定搭配为take a picture，此处用过去式took，took“拍摄”符合语境，made“制作”、picked“捡起”和offered“提供”不符。
32．句意：这位消防员太了不起了，因为他成功吸引了小女孩的注意力！
目击者对Ryan的行为是赞赏的，amazing“了不起的”符合语境，tiring“累人的”、relaxing“令人放松的”和young“年轻的”不符。
33．句意：爱和善良是人们在生命中最黑暗的时刻最需要的东西。
此处为表语从句，need后缺少宾语，用what引导表示“……的东西”，what符合语境，how“如何”、where“哪里”和which“哪一个”不符。
34．句意：Ryan真的很有帮助。
Ryan通过讲故事帮助小女孩走出恐惧，helpful“有帮助的”符合语境，beautiful“美丽的”、funny“有趣的”和outgoing“外向的”不符。
35．句意：他就是那个寒冷、可怕的夜晚中的一束光。
“在那个夜晚”用介词on，on that cold, scary night符合语境，to“到”、about“关于”和with“和”不符。
36．activities 37．outdoor 38．joined 39．run 40．happily 41．relaxed 42．friendly 43．help 44．more 45．take
【导语】本文介绍了学校丰富多彩的课后活动，作者分享了参与跑步俱乐部的经历，讲述了运动带来的快乐，以及同学之间友善互助的相处氛围。
【详解】36．句意：我们学校每学期都会开展各式各样的课后活动。many kinds of后接可数名词复数，表示各种“活动”，应用activity的复数形式activities，after-school activities为固定搭配，意为课后活动，符合语境。
37．句意：有球类运动、音乐社团以及户外俱乐部。表示“户外”俱乐部，应用形容词outdoor修饰名词clubs，outdoor clubs表示户外俱乐部，与下文跑步的场景相呼应。
38．句意：上学期我加入了跑步俱乐部。“join the club”为固定搭配“加入俱乐部”，last term是一般过去时的时间标志，应用join的过去式joined。
39．句意：一些同学快跑，还有一些同学慢走。表示快“跑”，选用run，主语some students为复数，谓语动词用原形run。
40．句意：我们一直开心地说说笑笑。表示“开心地”说笑，应用happy的副词形式happily修饰动词短语talking and laughing。
41．句意：跑步能让我们保持健康，也能让我们感到放松。表示“感到放松的”，“make sb. + 形容词”为固定结构，需用relax的形容词形式relaxed，用来描述人的感受，此处指跑步让我们感到放松。
42．句意：我们也学会了彼此友好相待。“be friendly to sb.”为固定搭配，意为对某人友好，因此名词friend变形为形容词friendly。
43．句意：当有人摔倒时，其他人会立刻上前把他扶起来。“help sb. up”是固定短语“扶起某人”，应用help，符合摔倒后互相帮助的语境，情态动词will后使用动词原形。
44．句意：如今有更多同学想要加入我们的俱乐部。表示更多学生，应用many的比较级more修饰可数名词复数students。
45．句意：我希望更多同学参与户外运动，保持身体健康。“take part in”为固定短语，表示“参加”，情态动词can后用动词原形，因此用动词原形take。
46．until/till 47．a 48．without 49．in 50．If/When
【导语】本文讲述了来自英国的Clark和家人招待来北京拜访的叔叔，因故宫门票售罄转而前往景山公园，在那里欣赏故宫全景的经历。
46．句意：直到他抵达北京，我们才知道这件事。
根据“didn’t know … he arrived”可知，此处是“not…until”固定搭配（直到……才），填“until”或“till”。
47．句意：故宫是北京必去的景点，因为人们常说“不到故宫，不算到北京”。
“must-see”是可数名词，且以辅音音素开头，此处表示“一个”，填“a”。
48．句意：故宫是北京必去的景点，因为人们常说“不到故宫，不算到北京”。
根据“cannot come to Beijing … seeing it”可知，此处是“without”（没有），表示“没参观故宫就不算到过北京”，填“without”。
49．句意：景山公园也位于北京的中心区域，在故宫的北边。
“rest in”是固定搭配（位于），此处表示公园的位置，填“in”。
50．句意：如果你想从上方俯瞰故宫，景山公园对你来说是个完美的选择。
此处引导条件状语从句，表“如果”，填“If”或“when”。
51．
Thank you 52．
Are there any other traditional clothes in China 53．
What does it look like 54．
When do people wear it 55．
There are many kinds of traditional cultures in China
【导语】本对话主要是一位外国男士因称赞李女士的旗袍而展开关于中国传统服饰和文化的讨论，通过了解旗袍、唐装等传统服装及剪纸、书法等文化元素，逐渐爱上中国。
【详解】51．上文男士赞美女士穿着漂亮（“What a nice dress!”），按照英语交际习惯，对于赞美应表示感谢，可以填Thank you。
52．下文女士回答“Yes, there are many other traditional clothes in China.”（是的，中国还有许多其他传统服装），根据答语中的“Yes”和“there are”，可知上文应是一个由Are there引导的一般疑问句，询问是否有其他传统服装，可以填Are there any other traditional clothes in China。
53．下文女士详细描述了唐装的特点（颜色丰富、盘扣、刺绣等），说明上文是在询问唐装的样子或特征，可以填What does it look like。
54．下文女士回答“People often wear it on festivals or important days.”（人们通常在节日或重要日子穿它），这是关于时间的回答，因此上文应是用When引导的特殊疑问句，询问穿着场合，可以填When do people wear it。
55．上文男士表示想了解更多除了服装以外的中国传统文化，女士回答“Yes”后，结合下文男士感叹“中国真是一个神奇的国家”，可知女士此处应概括说明中国传统文化丰富或举例说明，可以填There are many kinds of traditional cultures in China。
56．
Let’s have good manners
Hello, everyone. It’s very important to be a person with good manners.
First, we should keep quiet in public places and speak in a low voice. It is impolite to talk or laugh loudly. Talking or laughing loudly in these places is not only impolite but also disrupts the peaceful atmosphere and may interfere with others’activities. Second, obey traffic rules safely. Never run the red light when crossing the street. Third, wait in line patiently. Cutting in line is very rude. Besides, we should help people in need and say thanks often. Good manners make us better and show our love.
Let’s have good manners together and say goodbye to bad manners.
【详解】写作步骤：
[第一步：审题立意]
明确文体：应用文，一般现在时
明确要点：开头点明做有良好举止的人很重要、中间列举良好举止（公共场所安静低声交谈、遵守交通规则、耐心排队、帮助他人并常说谢谢）和不礼貌行为（不插队、不大声交谈或大笑）、结尾呼吁一起拥有良好举止，告别不良举止
确定人称：第一人称(we)
注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：开头点明做有良好举止的人很重要
主体段：中间列举良好举止（公共场所安静低声交谈、遵守交通规则、耐心排队、帮助他人并常说谢谢）和不礼貌行为（不插队、不大声交谈或大笑）
结尾段：结尾呼吁一起拥有良好举止，告别不良举止
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：开头点明做有良好举止的人很重要：important/good manners/polite/very/etiquette /propriety 等
要点二：中间列举良好举止（公共场所安静低声交谈、遵守交通规则、耐心排队、帮助他人并常说谢谢）和不礼貌行为（不插队、不大声交谈或大笑）
良好举止（公共场所安静低声交谈、遵守交通规则、耐心排队、帮助他人并常说谢谢）：keep quiet/speak in a low voice/keep silent/soft-voiced/obey traffic rules/safely/wait in line/patiently/help people in need/say thanks/assist/express gratitude frequently/appreciate等
不礼貌行为（不插队、不大声交谈或大笑）：talking/laughing/loudly/disrupts/run the red light/cutting in line/rude/offensive/mannerless/impoliteness/discourteous等
要点三：结尾呼吁一起拥有良好举止，告别不良举止：have good manners/say goodbye to bad manners/polite/patient/cultivate good manners/take action to practice good manners等
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