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暑假预习Unit 1 The Changing World
Section B
【预习导航】
【重要词汇】
英文单词 音标 词性
track /tr k/ n.
kilometre /k l m t (r)/ n.
railway / re lwe / n.
port /p t/ n.
capital / k p tl/ n.
rough /r f/ adj.
built /b lt/ v.
cut /k t/ v.
passenger / p s nd (r)/ n.
benefit / ben f t/ v./n.
convenient /k n vi ni nt/ adj.
cost /k st/ v./n.
deal /di l/ n.
transport / tr nsp t/ n.
lorries / l riz/ n.
fresh /fre / adj.
far /fɑ (r)/ adj./adv.
【重要短语】
英文短语 中文释义
on the fast track 步入快速发展轨道
cut the travel time 缩短行程时间
benefit a lot from… 从…… 中获益良多
over the last few years 在过去几年间
make business deals with ease 轻松谈成生意
as a result 因此，结果
hold the soil together 固定土壤
with support from the government 在政府的扶持下
man-made forest 人工林
the green miracle 绿色奇迹
far away from each other 彼此相距遥远
work together to do sth. 携手合作做某事
【重要解析】
原句1.the new 480-kilometre Mombasa–Nairobi railway
【知识详解】
句型 1：数字 + 连字符 + 可数名词单数（复合形容词作定语）
结构规则：
数词 + 连字符 + 名词单数，整体作形容词，放在名词前修饰名词；
去掉连字符时，名词变复数，不能直接修饰名词。
解析：480-kilometre 表示 “480 公里长的”，中间有连字符，kilometre 必须用单数，不能写 480-kilometres。
例句：a 10-minute walk 十分钟的步行路程
a 5-star hotel 一家五星级酒店
an 8-year-old boy 一个八岁男孩
易错对比
√ a 2-hour trip
× a 2-hours trip
原句2.It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train.
【知识详解】
句型 2：It took + 时间段 + to do sth. 过去做某事花费…… 时间
结构：It took + 时长 + (for sb.) + to do sth.
it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的 to do；描述过去的耗时，用一般过去时 took。
变形（现在）：It takes + 时长 + to do sth.
例句：It took me three days to finish the report last week.
上周我花了三天写完这份报告。
It takes only 20 minutes to go to the town now.
现在去镇上只需要 20 分钟。
原句 3.an old railway line built in 1901
【知识详解】
句型 3：过去分词作后置定语，简化定语从句
完整还原：an old railway line which was built in 1901
原句 2：the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time
还原：the new railway, which was built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time
解析：过去分词短语放在名词后，表被动，相当于被动语态定语从句，让句子更简洁。
例句：
The book written by Lu Xun is popular.= The book which was written by Lu Xun is popular.
鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎。
The house built last year is our new hospital.
去年建成的那栋楼是我们的新医院。
原句 4.has already cut the travel time
原句 5.Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years.
【知识详解】
句型 4：have/has + 过去分词（现在完成时，表过去动作持续影响现在）
标志词：over the last few years, since 2017, already
解析：强调过去发生的动作，到现在依然有结果、有影响，常搭配时间段状语。
例句：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years.
这些年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
I have lived here since 2018.
从 2018 年起我就住在这里了。
原句6.Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.
【知识详解】
句型 5：benefit a lot from … 从…… 中获益良多
结构：主语 + benefit (s)/have benefited a lot from + 事物
例句：
We benefit a lot from the new library.
我们从新图书馆获益良多。
Farmers have benefited a lot from high-tech greenhouses.
农民们从高科技大棚中收获很多好处。
原句7.Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities.
【知识详解】
句型 6：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（今昔对比）
结构：主语 + used to + 动词原形
暗含：过去是这样，现在不再是了。
例句
I used to walk miles to see a doctor.
我过去要走很远去看病。
There used to be lots of sandstorms here.
这里以前经常有沙尘暴。
原句8.The railway has also made the transport of food easier.
【知识详解】
句型 7：make + 宾语 + 形容词 使…… 变得……
结构：make + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词（宾语补足语）
例句：
The new roads make our trip shorter.
新公路缩短了我们的行程。
Trees make the environment better.
树木让环境变得更好。
原句9.As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat.
【知识详解】
句型 8：as a result 因此，结果（句首连接因果）
用法:放在句首，逗号隔开，引出前文事件带来的结果。
例句:
People plant lots of trees. As a result, there are fewer sandstorms.
人们大量种树，因此沙尘暴变少了。
The new railway cuts travel time. As a result, businessmen can make deals easily.
新铁路缩短路程，商人做生意更轻松。
原句10.Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.
【知识详解】
句型 9：Although 引导让步状语从句（although 不和 but 连用）
规则:
although/though 翻译 “虽然、尽管”，主句不能加 but，二者只能出现一个。
正确例句
Although the road is rough, we can get there on time.
虽然道路崎岖，但我们能准时到。
错误例句
× Although the road is rough, but we can get there on time.
原句11.different countries can work together to build a better world
【知识详解】
句型 10：work together to do sth. 携手合作做某事
例句：
People work together to plant bushes on sandy hills.
人们齐心协力在沙山上种植灌木。
China and other countries work together to develop new transport.
中国和其他国家合作发展新型交通。
【课堂检测】
一、单词拼写
1．The whole hill is c________ with green trees now. (覆盖)
2．We can b________ a lot from reading English articles. (受益)
3．They u________ to walk to school, but now they ride bikes.（过去常常）
4．T________ he is tired, he still keeps working. (虽然，尽管)
5．The n________ of students in our class is 45.（数量）
二、适当形式填空
6．We ________ (benefit) from teamwork so far.（现在完成时）
7．I think it necessary ________ (practice) English every morning. (形式宾语句型)
8．Many accidents ________ (take) place in this street recently. (现在完成时)
9．The number of desks in our classroom ________ (be) sixty.（the number of用法）
10．She didn’t use to ________ (like) playing sports.（used to 句型）
三、单项选择
11．Many new houses ________ in our village in the past few years.
A．build B．are built C．have been built D．were built
12．The bridge ________ last year brings much convenience to villagers.
A．built B．was built C．building D．to build
13．My grandma ________ live in the countryside, but now she lives in the city.
A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．use to
14．________ it rained hard, we finished our sports meeting on time.
A．But B．Although C．So D．Because
15．This story is ________ more interesting than that one.
A．very B．quite C．much D．so
16．Great changes ________ in our town over the last three years.
A．take place B．took place C．have taken place D．are taken place
四、完成句子
17．过去这里没有高楼大厦。
There ________ ________ ________ be any tall buildings here.
18．新技术让我们快速获取信息成为可能。
New technology ________ ________ possible for us to get information quickly.
19．近几年，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes ________ ________ ________ in our school in recent years.
20．这座古镇如今被茂密的树木覆盖。
The old town ________ ________ ________ thick trees now.
21．虽然天气很冷，但学生们依旧按时到校。
________ the weather is cold, students still go to school on time.
【能力提升】
五、完形填空
I had a chance to visit the Assam State Museum while I was in Guwahati for a vacation a few years ago. I did not know that the 22 would be so interesting. When we were children, we did not understand the 23 of such things. Even if we went to an art museum, we were 24 in a hurry to see all the things one after another. But that 25 when we grow up. We understand that everything has some reasons for being there.
26 I entered the museum, there were many school children who were with their teachers. Most probably they were 27 an educational (有教育意义的) trip.
The museum has many objects (物品). They are very nice to see. I 28 those about village life most. A traditional village is very nicely replicated (复制) in the museum. It looks very 29 for people like me living in modern cities. All the objects in the museum have a history behind them and the 30 stories may or may not be actually known. So it makes people always research and discuss the history and historical objects.
The visit was a very nice experience. It made 31 remember the great past. And the journey to the museum actually gave me a whole picture of the history of Assam.
22．A．flag B．season C．invention D．visit
23．A．rule B．way C．value D．wonder
24．A．hardly B．only C．finally D．certainly
25．A．founds B．returns C．changes D．happens
26．A．When B．Since C．If D．Until
27．A．at B．by C．on D．in
28．A．wrote B．enjoyed C．made D．became
29．A．open B．boring C．warm D．fresh
30．A．true B．strange C．famous D．personal
31．A．us B．him C．her D．them
六、阅读理解
Do you know that your brain can be “cluttered” Just like a messy room makes it hard to find things, a cluttered brain makes it difficult to think clearly. This often happens when we try to do too many things at once, or when we are always receiving information from phones, computers, and TVs.
Scientists call this “cognitive overload”. When your brain has too much information to process, it becomes slow and tired. You might forget things easily, feel stressed, or find it hard to focus on one task. A study from a top university showed that students who turned off their phones while studying completed their work 40% faster than those who kept their phones nearby.
So how can we “clean” our brain One simple way is to practice “singletasking” instead of multitasking. Focus on only one thing at a time. For example, when you are reading a book, don’t check your messages at the same time. Another way is to take a “digital break”. Spend 30 minutes a day without any screens—just sit quietly, take a walk, or listen to music. This gives your brain time to rest and organize its thoughts.
Remember, a clean and organized brain works better and helps you feel happier. So, start small today. Put down your phone, take a deep breath, and give your brain the break it truly needs.
32．What does the underlined word “cluttered” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Smart and quick. B．Messy and crowded.
C．Empty and quiet. D．Powerful and large.
33．What happened to students who turned off their phones while studying
A．They felt more stressed. B．They finished their work faster.
C．They forgot things more easily. D．They used more singletasking.
34．Which of the following is a “digital break” according to the passage
A．Playing games on the phone for an hour.
B．Watching a movie on TV with family.
C．Sitting in a park without using any electronic devices.
D．Listening to music while checking emails.
35．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain why phones are harmful to students.
B．To tell us how to clean a messy room quickly.
C．To introduce the idea of cognitive overload and offer solutions.
D．To compare singletasking with multitasking.
七、任务型阅读
AI (人工智能) makes our lives easier and better. Let’s see the amazing AI.
Cool driverless bus
A bus door opens and you get on. Wait! Where is the driver Here is a new kind of driverless bus called Apolong. It has 14 seats and doesn’t need a driver. The bus follows the traffic rules. It stops as soon as it sees a stop light.
Your close friend
Hi, everyone. I’m Xiaobing, a chatbot (聊天机器人) . I speak like humans and you can talk with me. I’m talented in singing, writing poems and telling stories. I want to be your friend!
World’s first AI anchor (主播)
Hey, look! The famous Chinese anchor Mr. Qiu is reporting the news for us. But, is “he” really Mr. Qiu The answer is “no”. This is the world’s first AI anchor. It looks and speaks just like a real person. It can work 24 hours and doesn’t make any mistakes. You might see it on TV.
Popular AI artist
This beautiful painting was at an auction (拍卖) . The painting is worth about 3,000,000 yuan! But it is not a piece of work by a famous painter, such as Vincent van Gogh. It was painted by an AI artist. Three Frenchmen created the AI artist. It studied over 15,000 paintings. In this way, it learned to paint. Now it is among the most popular artists in the world.
根据语篇内容，回答问题。
36．What is Apolong
37．How many things can Xiaobing do according to the passage
38．Why can the AI anchor work 24 hours without mistakes
39．How did the AI artist learn to paint
40．What is the purpose of the passage
八、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Now a growing number of young people 41 wearing traditional hanfu, or Han Chinese clothing. You may see them eating, shopping, travelling, 42 working in hanfu.
Hanfu 43 (become) popular in part because the government is developing traditional culture. Period dramas (戏剧)have also helped 44 (develop) the public’s interest in traditional 45 (China) clothes.
What hanfu is like is different since each Han-controlled dynasty had 46 (it) own style, but the clothes are usually loose, 47 sleeves (袖子) that hang down to the knees and flowing robes (长袍) around the body.
In modern China, people in different fields are 48 (interest) in wearing hanfu: from history lovers to students and even young 49 (work).
“Clothes are the foundation (基础) of culture,” said Jiang Xue, who is a member 50 a hanfu club in Beijing. “If we do not understand our traditional clothing or don’t wear them, 51 can we talk 52 other important parts of our culture ”
However, there is still a long way for the style 53 (go) into people’s daily life. Some say they are afraid of 54 (be) watched by others when 55 (wear) hanfu in public.
参考答案
一、1．covered/overed2．benefit/enefit3．used/sed4．Though/hough5．number/umber
6．have benefited7．to practice8．have taken9．is10．like
二、11．C12．A13．A14．B15．C16．C
三、17． didn’t/used use/not to
18． makes it
19． have taken place
20． is covered with
21．Although/Though
四、22．D 23．C 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．A
五、32．B 33．B 34．C 35．C
六、36．A driverless bus./A new kind of driverless bus. 37．Four. 38．Because it is an AI and not a real person./Because it is not a real person. 39．It studied over 15,000 paintings. 40．To introduce/show some amazing AI technologies (and how they make our lives better) .
七、41．are 42．or 43．becomes 44．develop 45．Chinese 46．its 47．with 48．interested 49．workers 50．of 51．how 52．about 53．to go 54．being 55．wearing
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