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2025-2026年八年级英语译林版下册Unit 8 基础自测
听力选择
听录音选图片。
1．What can we do to protect the environment
A． B． C．
2．What does the boy’s family do to protect the environment
A． B． C．
3．What should we do to protect the environment
A． B． C．
4．What does the speaker think is important to protect the environment
A． B． C．
5．How does Alice protect the environment
A． B． C．
听短对话选答案。
6．Lily lists _________ ways to help protect the environment.
A．two B．three C．four
7．What is the main purpose of carpooling (拼车)
A．To earn more money. B．To make friends. C．To protect the environment.
8．What’s the man’s advice about protecting the environment
A．Make some pollution. B．Recycle some things. C．Plant flowers.
9．Why does the woman always take her own cloth bag to the supermarket
A．To save money. B．To collect plastic bags. C．To protect the environment.
10．How does the man help protect the environment
A．Save water.
B．Go to school by bike.
C．Put waste into different groups.
听下面一段对话，回答下列小题。
11．What’s the book about
A．Saving electricity. B．Protecting the environment. C．Saving materials.
12．What does Fred think of this book
A．It’s boring. B．It’s useful. C．It’s amazing.
听下面一段对话，回答下列小题。
13．What are they talking about
A．How to go to school.
B．How to recycle waste paper.
C．How to save the environment.
14．What’s the second way we can do
A．Ride a bike. B．Take a bus. C．Take a taxi.
15．What’s the last way
A．Using a bag instead of plastic bags.
B．Saving money when shopping online.
C．Riding a bike to work every day.
你将听到一篇短文，短文后有五个小题。请根据短文内容，在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。短文读两遍。
16．What is Mike
A．A teacher. B．A worker. C．A student.
17．What is he good at
A．Writing letters. B．Protecting the environment. C．Drawing pictures.
18．What did he ask the factory to do
A．Stop polluting the lake. B．Move away. C．Pay more money.
19．How many kilos of waste paper has he collected so far
A．2,000. B．50. C．15.
20．How does he support Greener China
A．By planting trees. B．By holding charity shows. C．By selling waste.
二、听力填空
听下面短文，根据你所听到的内容，完成以下表格，每空填一词。(短文读三遍)
A Talk on How to Protect the Environment
When Last 21 .
Who Ms. Green—an environmentalist.
Where In the 22 .
What First, 23 paper as much as possible; Second, reduce food 24 ; Third, walk or ride bikes more; Finally, collect 25 recyclable things.
三、单项选择
26．—Some natural resources will ________ one day if we don’t save them.
—That’s true. We should use them wisely.
A．run out B．run away C．put out D．put away
27．—Did you hear the good news More trees ________ in our school next year.
—That’s great! A greener campus is waiting for us.
A．will plant B．will be planted C．were planted D．have planted
28．If you fail to sign up in time, you’ll ________ the chance to help poor kids in mountain areas.
A．rely on B．suffer from C．belong to D．miss out on
29．—________ the book donation organized in our community
—We organize it once a year.
A．How often is B．When is C．When does D．How often does
30．— Have you ever read the book Black Beauty
— Not yet, but I read a ________ in the newspaper a few days ago. It was very interesting.
A．review B．reply C．record D．respect
31．________ people are realizing the importance of protecting the environment now.
A．More and more B．Less and less C．Fewer and fewer D．Many and many
32．Everyone can ________ to protect the environment.
A．make a difference B．make a wish C．make a face D．make a notice
33．— The oil on our Earth will ________ some day.
— I think so. We should make good use of it.
A．run out B．put out C．break out D．hand out
34．—By using new energy, there will be less pollution on the earth.
— ________. That’s why many people buy electric cars.
A．Can’t agree more B．I hope not
C．Hard to say D．I am afraid not
35．Could you please ________ the radio a bit It’s too loud.
A．turn up B．turn down C．turn off D．turn on
四、完形填空
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Rebecca, a British wildlife photographer, was filming a documentary (纪录片) for the BBC in the Pacific Ocean when she made a sad discovery: countless (数不清的) seabirds lay 36 on the beach. The birds had died because they mistook plastic waste for food. The beaches of the Pacific islands were 37 with plastic—broken toys, empty bottles, and plastic bags. It seemed like plastic waste had taken the place of the natural beauty of these areas.
Deeply troubled, Rebecca returned to her hometown, Modbury, and made up her 38 to do something. She visited local shops, 39 asking owners to stop using plastic bags. At the time, the UK 40 over 16 billion plastic bags yearly. These bags, which can produce dangerous chemicals, could take centuries to decompose (分解), harming wildlife and polluting oceans.
To her 41 , all 38 shops agreed because of her politeness and kind heart. In 2007, Modbury became Britain’s first plastic bag-free town. Stores 42 reusable cloth bags or paper bags instead. Soon, neighboring towns followed Modbury’s example, discovering a wave of change across the country.
By 2015, the UK government passed a 43 . Shops must charge (收费) 5 pence for each 44 bag. 45 the cost was low, it cut plastic bag use by 90% around the country. Rebecca’s story proves that small steps, like saying “no” to plastic bags, can protect the Earth for future generations (后代). By choosing to reduce plastic bag use, we not only protect our environment but also encourage others to follow, creating a healthier planet for all.
36．A．excited B．lively C．dead D．alone
37．A．full B．popular C．tired D．filled
38．A．mind B．hand C．heart D．idea
39．A．angrily B．politely C．quickly D．happily
40．A．lost B．wasted C．used D．protected
41．A．sadness B．disappointment C．kindness D．surprise
42．A．lent B．offered C．borrowed D．returned
43．A．ball B．suggestion C．passport D．law
44．A．plastic B．paper C．cloth D．silk
45．A．But B．Unless C．Although D．Since
阅读理解
A
A new rubbish sorting system has been put into use in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes (二维码) on it.
“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,” a local man said. “It’s really creative and encouraging.”
This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish someone for not sorting rubbish correctly.
China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried (填埋) in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills (填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.
What’s more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits (利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 per cent of water. Because of their benefits, some countries have successfully developed sorting systems.
In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins—the red-lid (盖子) bin for “general waste” like food and plastic bags,the yellow-lid bin for “recyclable waste” like steel and glass, and the green-lid bin for “green waste” such as grass and leaves. In the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.
46．When using the new rubbish sorting system in Beijing, people will use ________.
A． B． C． D．
47．What are the consequences of burying rubbish
① Polluting soil. ② Polluting water. ③ Saving resources. ④ Taking up a lot of land. ⑤ Producing terrible air.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．①②④
48．Which paragraph discusses the economic benefits of rubbish sorting
A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4. C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6.
49．In Australia, which bin should you put food left after dinner in
A．The red-lid bin. B．The yellow-lid bin.
C．The green-lid bin. D．The black-lid bin.
50．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Shenzhen still hasn’t taken action to sort rubbish.
B．Burying rubbish takes up lots of land and produces pollution.
C．Rubbish sorting could bring few economic benefits.
D．Shanghai hasn’t made laws to punish people for not sorting rubbish correctly.
B
What if you could help the environment just by planting a small forest in your neighborhood That’s the idea behind “micro-forests”—small, thickly planted forests that grow much faster than regular ones.
The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s. The method is simple but special. First, prepare the soil deeply. Then, plant many different kinds of native trees and bushes very close together—about three to five plants per square meter. Finally, cover the ground with a thick layer of straw or wood chips to keep water in and stop weeds from growing.
Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly—up to ten times faster than trees in a normal forest. A micro-forest can become a small wildlife habitat in just 20 to 30 years, while a natural forest would take at least 100 years.
Micro-forests have many benefits. They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor. They absorb rainwater and help prevent floods. They provide food and shelter for birds, insects, and small animals. They also make people feel happier and less stressed.
In recent years, micro-forests have appeared in many cities around the world. In Singapore, more than 200 micro-forests have been planted. In Europe, communities come together to plant “pocket forests” in empty lots or schoolyards. In China, some cities like Shenzhen and Chengdu have started similar projects.
Of course, micro-forests also face challenges. They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years, especially watering during dry periods. And not every piece of land is suitable—the soil may be too poor or too hard.
Still, many experts believe micro-forests are a simple, low-cost way to bring nature back into cities. As one ecologist said, “You don’t need a big forest to make a big difference. Sometimes, a small patch of green is enough to start a change.”
51．Who first developed the idea of micro-forests
A．A Chinese scientist. B．A Japanese botanist.
C．A Singaporean officer. D．A European ecologist.
52．Why do trees in micro-forests grow faster
A．They are given special fertilizer. B．They are planted very close together.
C．They are watered every day. D．They are grown in greenhouses.
53．What is one benefit of micro-forests according to the passage
A．They produce more oxygen than large forests. B．They help cool down the city.
C．They can be planted anywhere. D．They don’t need any care.
54．What challenge do micro-forests face
A．They take too long to grow. B．They need careful care in the first few years.
C．They are too expensive to build. D．They attract too many animals.
55．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To teach people how to plant trees.
B．To introduce the idea of micro-forests and their value.
C．To compare micro-forests with natural forests.
D．To ask people to plant more trees.
六、任务型阅读
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过10个单词。
Now more and more modern cities are creating rooftop vegetable gardens on the flat tops of apartment and office buildings. In the past, most flat rooftops were left empty, covered with fallen rubbish or unused old things, with no practical value at all. Now city planners and local community workers work together to turn these empty spaces into lively small planting fields.
Rooftop gardens bring plenty of unexpected benefits to city life. Green leaves and vegetables can block strong sunlight in hot summer, lower indoor temperature and help families save much electricity used for air conditioners. The fresh vegetables grown on roofs grow without harmful chemical pesticides, so they are safe and healthy for daily eating. What’s more, all kinds of green plants can take in harmful waste gas in the air and make the surrounding urban air much fresher.
Groups of community volunteers are in charge of daily management of these green rooftops in their free time. They exchange useful planting experience with each other and take turns to look after all the crops after finishing their daily work. To save precious tap water, they place special buckets to collect natural rainwater for watering vegetables. Many city governments have noticed these good changes and will encourage more buildings to develop rooftop planting in the future.
56．Where are city vegetable gardens built
57．What were most empty rooftops covered with in the past
58．How do plants help cut down electricity use
59．Who manages most of the rooftop gardens
60．What kind of water do volunteers use for watering vegetables
七、短文填空
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
Nowadays, environmental protection is becoming more and more important. Everyone should do their part to make the world a greener place.
In our daily life, we can start with small things. For example, we can turn off the l 61 when we leave the room to save e 62 . We can use cloth bags instead of p 63 bags when we go shopping. We should never p 64 dirty water into rivers or lakes.
We can also r 65 old things. For example, we can give away our old clothes and books to people in need. We should s 66 the waste into different groups so that it can be recycled easily. This helps to reduce w 67 and save resources.
The government has made s 68 rules to protect the environment. If people break these rules, they will be p 69 . Let’s work together to make a d 70 to our environment.
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
It was 8 o’clock on recycling day. Jenna and her father 71 (collect) recyclable things. Her father advised her 72 (put) the empty box and the old magazines in the recycling bag.
“Dad, do you know we can reuse most of these things, 73 (include) magazines ” asked Jenna.
“How so ” her father questioned.
“Well, we can donate the old magazines to the library. And this empty paper box can 74 (use) for art projects,” she replied.
“I 75 (great) understand your new thinking, Jenna,” said her dad. “But I want you to put them in this recycling bag with all the other paper things because that’s the way we 76 (do) it over the years.”
“Dad! At the recycling centre, they taught us to reuse,” Jenna explained as she tied the magazines together with a string (绳子).
“I don’t like the idea of 77 (give) away our old magazines to other people,” said her dad.
“But when we reuse, we also reduce waste!” said Jenna. “And when we 78 (reduce), the recycling centre doesn’t get too full of material. If every family reduces waste, we can make a big 79 (different).”
“Oh, alright then,” her dad accepted with a smile. “Put the magazines by the front door. We can drop them off at the library on the way to the recycling centre.”
“Great!” Jenna 80 (cheer). “Let’s see what else we can find to reuse.”
八、完成句子
81．老师对我们的作业要求很严格。
The teacher is very ________ ________ our homework.
82．They will hold a class meeting about environmental protection.（改为被动语态）
A class meeting about environmental protection ________ ________ ________.
83．We should separate waste into different groups. (改为一般疑问句)
________ we ________ waste into different groups
84．You should turn off the lights when you leave the room. (改为祈使句)
________ ________ the lights when you leave the room.
85．You’d better drop bad green habits.(否定改写)
You’d ________ ________ drop bad green habits.
九、书面表达
86．假设你是李华，你们学校正在开展“节约粮食，从我做起”的活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，号召同学们节约粮食。
内容提示：
1. 粮食是宝贵的资源，世界上还有很多人吃不饱饭；
2. 我们应该如何节约粮食（至少两点）；
3. 号召同学们一起行动起来。
注意事项：
(1) 文中不能出现真实姓名、校名等信息；
(2) 文章必须包含所有要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；
(3) 词数：100词左右(文章开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Save Food, Start with Me
Food is very important to us.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案
1．B
【原文】To protect the environment, we should turn off the tap to save water.
2．C
【原文】M: My family is using reusable bags to protect the environment.
W: That’s great. My family takes the bus more to protect the environment.
3．A
【原文】In order to protect our environment, we should plant more trees.
4．B
【原文】We should start from small things to protect the environment. For example, we should classify our garbage.
5．B
【原文】Alice picks up rubbish to protect the environment every week.
6．B
【原文】M: Lily, what can we do to help protect the environment in our daily life
W: We can plant more trees, save water, and use cloth shopping bags.
7．C
【原文】M: It’s wise to carpool to save money.
W: But the main purpose of our carpooling is to save energy and protect the environment.
8．B
【原文】A: Hi. I’m from China Daily. I want to write a report about the environment. Could I have an interview with you
B: Yes, with pleasure.
A: What do you think of the environment nearby
B: I think the environment is getting worse and worse.
A: What should we do with it
B: We should reduce pollution, plant more trees and recycle some things.
A: Yes, I agree. I think everyone should play a role in protecting the environment.
9．A
【原文】M: You always take your own cloth bag to the supermarket.
W: Yes, I don’t want to pay for the plastic shopping bags.
10．C
【原文】W: I planted a tree this afternoon. What do you do to protect the environment, Harry
M: Well, I usually put waste into different groups.
11．A 12．B
【原文】W: What book are you reading, Fred
M: Guide to Saving Electricity.
W: Really I didn’t know you were interested in books of this kind. Don’t you think it’s boring
M: Of course not. I think it’s useful. I have learned a lot from this book.
W: Well, could you tell me some
M: Turn off the power to your air conditioner when it’s not in use. Don’t open the refrigerator too often. And use energy-saving light bulbs. This book helps us save electricity and save money.
W: You’re right. That’s exactly what I think.
13．C 14．A 15．A
【原文】M: Hi, Mary. Would you like to help save the environment
W: I don’t know. What can I do
M: Well, first, you can start by turning off the lights.
W: Yes, that’s easy. Sometimes I turn on the lights without thinking. What’s next
M: Second, you can ride a bike. Don’t take a bus or taxi if you don’t have to. That will save money too.
W: What else
M: Try to recycle paper.
W: Um, newspapers, magazines, mail... We get a lot of paper at home. Good idea.
M: And last, take a bag when you go shopping. Don’t use plastic bags.
W: OK. My parents do most of the shopping. I’ll tell them. Thank you. I remember these five ways.
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C
【原文】
Mike is only 15 years old and he is a schoolboy. But he does very well in protecting the environment. He never throws rubbish about or draws pictures on public walls. He has written a letter to a factory to ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the South Lake. Every spring, he plants trees in the fields. He has collected 50 kilos of waste paper and 2,000 bottles so far. He’s going to sell them and give the money to Greener China. “If everyone does something to protect the environment, the world will become a better place to live in,” he said. We are proud of him.
21．Friday 22．hall 23．save 24．waste 25．useful
【原文】
Miss Green, an environmentalist from Canada, visited our school last Friday. She gave a talk about how we students can protect the environment in the hall. She shared four easy but useful ideas. First, save paper as much as possible. Write on both sides of your notebook pages and reuse old paper for drafts. This helps cut down on tree cutting. Second, reduce food waste. Take only as much food as you can eat at lunch. If you have leftover fruit, you can take it home instead of throwing it away. Third, walk or ride bikes more. When you go to a nearby place, don’t ask your parents to drive you. Walking is good for both the earth and your health. Finally, collect useful recyclable things. Put plastic bottles and paper in the recycling bin at school instead of mixing them with other trash. Miss Green said even small actions can help the environment. Let’s try these ideas.
26．A
【详解】句意：—— 如果我们不节约，部分自然资源终有一天会耗尽。 —— 确实如此，我们应当合理利用它们。
run out耗尽；run away逃跑；put out熄灭；put away放到一边，收好。句意为“如果我们不节约，一些自然资源总有一天会耗尽”，run out 意为“用完，耗尽”。
27．B
【详解】句意：——你听到那个好消息了吗？明年我们学校将种更多的树。——太棒了！一个更绿色的校园正等着我们。
主语“More trees”与动词plant之间为被动关系，且时间状语为“next year”，应用一般将来时的被动语态，will be planted符合语境。
28．D
【详解】句意：如果你没有及时报名，你将错失帮助山区贫困孩子的机会。
rely on依赖；suffer from遭受……的痛苦；belong to属于；miss out on错过。根据“If you fail to sign up in time”可知，不及时报名会导致失去机会。miss out on意为“错过”，符合句意。
29．A
【详解】句意：——我们社区的图书捐赠活动多久举办一次？——我们一年组织一次。
How often用于询问动作发生的频率，When用于询问具体时间；答句once a year（一年一次）是频率，因此用How often提问。句子中the book donation和organize是被动关系，被动语态结构为be+过去分词，主语为单数，be动词用is，故填How often is。
30．A
【详解】句意：——你读过《黑骏马》这本书吗？——还没有，但是几天前我在报纸上看了一篇书评，它十分有趣。
review书评；reply回复；record记录；respect尊重。根据问句询问书籍，空后搭配in the newspaper（在报纸上），表示关于书籍的报刊评论，应填review。
31．A
【详解】句意：现在越来越多的人正意识到保护环境的重要性。
More and more越来越多；Less and less越来越少（常修饰不可数名词）；Fewer and fewer越来越少（修饰可数名词复数）；Many and many不符合固定搭配。根据语境可知，现在越来越多的人意识到保护环境的重要性，且people为可数名词复数。故“More and more”符合语境。
32．A
【详解】句意：每个人都能为保护环境做出贡献。
make a difference起作用，有影响；make a wish许愿，make a face做鬼脸，make a notice写通知。根据“to protect the environment”可知，此处强调每个人都能为保护环境发挥作用，make a difference符合句意。
33．A
【详解】句意：——地球上的石油总有一天会耗尽。——我也这么想。我们应该好好利用它。
run out用完，耗尽；put out扑灭；break out爆发；hand out分发。根据答语“We should make good use of it.”可知，石油资源是有限的，总有一天会用完。
34．A
【详解】句意：——通过使用新能源，地球上的污染将会减少。——我完全同意。这就是为什么很多人购买电动汽车。
Can’t agree more我完全同意；I hope not我希望不会；Hard to say很难说；I am afraid not恐怕不是。根据答语后半部分“That’s why many people buy electric cars.”可知，说话人认可前句关于新能源减少污染的说法，表示强烈赞同。
35．B
【详解】句意：你能把收音机声音调小一点吗？它太吵了。
turn up调高；turn down调低；turn off关闭；turn on开启。根据“It’s too loud”可知声音太大，需要调低音量。turn down符合语境。
36．C 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．C 41．D 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C
【导语】本文讲述了英国野生动物摄影师丽贝卡发现塑料污染对海洋生物的危害后，回到家乡推动商店停止使用塑料袋，最终促使英国政府出台相关法律，减少塑料污染的故事，体现了个人行动对环保的积极影响。
【详解】36．句意：英国野生动物摄影师丽贝卡在太平洋为英国广播公司拍摄纪录片时，有了一个令人伤心的发现：无数海鸟死在海滩上。
excited兴奋的；lively活泼的；dead死去的；alone独自的。后文提到“The birds had died”，因此“dead”符合语境，故选C。
37．句意：太平洋岛屿的海滩上满是塑料——破损的玩具、空瓶子和塑料袋。
full满的；popular流行的；tired疲惫的；filled满的。根据“ It seemed like plastic waste had taken the place of the natural beauty of these areas.”可知海滩上充满了垃圾。“be filled with”是固定搭配，意为“充满”，故选D。
38．句意：深感不安的丽贝卡回到了她的家乡莫德伯里，并下定决心要做点什么。
mind头脑，心思；hand手；heart心；idea想法。“make up one’s mind”是固定短语，表达“下定决心”的含义，故选A。
39．句意：她拜访当地商店，礼貌地要求店主停止使用塑料袋。
angrily生气地；politely礼貌地；quickly快速地；happily开心地。后文提到“because of her politeness and kind heart”，因此politely符合语境，故选B。
40．句意：当时，英国每年使用超过160亿个塑料袋。
lost丢失；wasted浪费；used使用；protected保护。根据“the UK... over 16 billion plastic bags yearly”可知，此处指塑料袋的使用量，故选C。
41．句意：令她惊讶的是，所有的38家商店都同意了，因为她的礼貌与善心。
sadness悲伤；disappointment失望；kindness善良；surprise惊讶。根据“all 38 shops agreed”可知，所有的商店都同意出人意料，to one’s surprise”是固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，符合所有商店都同意的意外结果，故选D。
42．句意：商店提供可重复使用的布袋或纸袋。
lent借出；offered提供；borrowed借入；returned归还。根据“In 2007, Modbury became Britain’s first plastic bag-free town... reusable cloth bags or paper bags instead.”可知，商店为顾客提供环保袋子，故选B。
43．句意：到2015年，英国政府通过了一项法律。
ball球；suggestion建议；passport护照；law法律。后文“Shops must charge 5 pence for each...”是政府出台的法律规定，故选D。
44．句意：商店必须为每个塑料袋收取5便士费用。
plastic塑料；paper纸；cloth布；silk丝绸。根据“it cut plastic bag use by 90% around the country”，并结合文章主题“减少塑料袋的使用”，故选A。
45．句意：虽然成本很低，但它使全国塑料袋使用量减少了90%。
But但是；Unless除非；Although虽然；Since因为。“Although”引导让步状语从句，表达虽然成本低但效果显著的转折关系，故选C。
46．D 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了北京启用的新型垃圾分类系统，以及垃圾分类的意义、经济收益，还提及澳大利亚的垃圾分类方式。
【详解】46．文中第1段提到“Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes (二维码) on it”，说明北京新垃圾分类系统会用到二维码。
47．文中第3段提到“Landfills (填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby”，对应①污染土壤、②污染水源、④占用大量土地。
48．文中第5段提到“which could bring economic benefits (利益)...a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water”，讨论了垃圾分类的经济收益。
49．文中第6段提到澳大利亚“the red-lid (盖子) bin for ‘general waste’ like food and plastic bags”，晚餐剩余食物属于普通垃圾，应放入红盖垃圾桶。
50．文中第3段提到“Landfills take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby”，说明填埋垃圾会占用大量土地并造成污染。
51．B 52．B 53．B 54．B 55．B
【导语】本文主要介绍微型森林的起源、种植方法、优势、面临的挑战及其在城市中的价值。
【详解】51．细节理解题。根据“The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s.”可知，微型森林的概念由一位日本植物学家提出。故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据“Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly”可知，植物种植得很密集，争抢阳光所以生长快速。故选B。
53．细节理解题。根据“They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor.”可知，微型森林能帮助城市降温。故选B。
54．细节理解题。根据“They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years”可知，微型森林最初几年需要精心照料。故选B。
55．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍微型森林及其价值。故选B。
56．On flat tops of buildings. 57．Rubbish or unused old things. 58．By blocking strong sunlight. 59．Community volunteers. 60．Collected natural rainwater.
【导语】本文主要介绍了现代城市中屋顶蔬菜花园的建设背景、带来的诸多环保与经济效益，以及社区志愿者对屋顶花园的日常维护管理情况。
【详解】56．根据第一段第一句中的“…creating rooftop vegetable gardens on the flat tops of apartment and office buildings.”可知，城市的屋顶蔬菜花园是建在公寓和写字楼等建筑的平坦顶部（即屋顶）上的。本题提取句中关键位置信息。
57．根据第一段第二句中的“…most flat rooftops were left empty, covered with fallen rubbish or unused old things…”可知，在过去，大多数空置的屋顶通常被落下的垃圾或废旧的物品覆盖。本题直接提取文中关键名词作答。
58．根据第二段第二句中的“Green leaves and vegetables can block strong sunlight in hot summer, lower indoor temperature and help families save much electricity…”可知，绿叶和蔬菜能够遮挡夏日里强烈的阳光，从而降低室内温度并减少空调电力消耗。本题使用“By”引导动名词短语来回答具体方式。
59．根据第三段第一句中的“Groups of community volunteers are in charge of daily management of these green rooftops…”可知，社区志愿者们负责这些屋顶绿化带的日常管理。本题直接提取文中的核心主语作答。
60．根据第三段第三句中的“…they place special buckets to collect natural rainwater for watering vegetables.”可知，志愿者们通过放置专门的桶来收集天然雨水，并用这些雨水来浇灌蔬菜。本题转述提取其水源来源。
61．lights/ights 62．electricity/lectricity 63．plastic/lastic 64．pour/our 65．recycle/ecycle 66．separate/eparate 67．waste/aste 68．strict/trict 69．punished/unished 70．difference/ifference
【导语】本文围绕环境保护展开，讲述如今环保愈发重要，介绍普通人日常生活中可以践行的各类环保小事、旧物回收利用的方法，还提到政府出台严格环保法规，呼吁大家共同为环保出力。
【详解】61．句意：例如，我们离开房间时可以关灯来节约电能。“when we leave the room”及首字母可知，是指离开房间时要关灯，light“灯”，此处用复数表泛指，首字母l对应lights。
62．句意：例如，我们离开房间时可以关灯来节约电能。关灯是为了节约电能，electricity“电能”符合语境，为不可数名词，首字母e对应electricity。
63．句意：购物时我们可以用布袋代替塑料袋。“cloth bags instead of p... bags”表示“用布袋而不是塑料袋”，plastic“塑料的”，形容词作定语，首字母p对应plastic。
64．句意：我们绝不应该把脏水倒入河流或湖泊。“dirty water into rivers or lakes”是指把脏水倒入河流或湖泊，pour ... into“把……倒入……”，should后跟动词原形，首字母p对应pour。
65．句意：我们也可以回收利用旧物品。“we can give away our old clothes and books to people in need.”表明此处是指回收利用旧物品，recycle“回收利用”，can是情态动词，后跟动词原形，首字母r对应recycle。
66．句意：我们应该把垃圾分类，以便可以轻松地进行回收。“the waste into different groups”表示把垃圾进行分类，separate ... into ...“把……分成……”，should后跟动词原形，首字母s对应separate。
67．句意：这有助于减少垃圾、节约资源。前文介绍将垃圾分类，其作用是有助于减少垃圾，waste“垃圾”，不可数名词。首字母w对应waste。
68．句意：政府制定了严格的法规来保护环境。“has made s... rules”表示制定严格的规则，strict“严格的”，形容词作定语，首字母s对应strict。
69．句意：如果人们违反这些规定，将会受到处罚。“break these rules”表明打破规则会受到惩罚，punish“惩罚”，与主语they是被动关系，应用过去分词与will be构成一般将来时的被动语态，首字母p对应punished。
70．句意：让我们共同努力，为我们的环境产生影响。“make a d... to our environment.”是指对环境产生影响，用固定短语make a difference“产生影响”，首字母d对应difference。
71．were collecting 72．to put 73．including 74．be used 75．greatly 76．have done 77．giving 78．reduce 79．difference 80．cheered
【导语】本文主要讲述在“回收日”当天，Jenna和父亲一起整理可回收物品时，围绕“重复利用”与“传统回收方式”的分歧展开对话，最终父亲被女儿环保新观念打动，同意将旧杂志捐给图书馆。
【详解】71．句意：回收日早上八点，詹娜和她的爸爸正在收集可回收物品。前句“It was 8 o’clock”为过去具体时间点，表明本句时态为过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语“Jenna and her father”是复数，be动词用were，collect的现在分词形式为collecting。
72．句意：她爸爸建议她把空箱子和旧杂志放进回收袋里。advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”，固定短语，此处需用不定式作宾语补足语。
73．句意：爸爸，你知道我们可以重复利用大部分这些东西，包括杂志吗？include是动词，此处需用介词引导列举的事物，变形为介词including。
74．句意：而且这个空纸箱可以用于美术手工创作。纸箱是“可以被使用”，表被动。含情态动词的被动结构为“can be + 过去分词”，use的过去分词形式为used。
75．句意：詹娜，我非常理解你的新想法。此处需用副词修饰动词，great是形容词，副词形式为greatly“非常，极大地”。
76．句意：但是我想让你把它们和其他纸制品一起放进这个回收袋，多年来我们一直都是这么做的。over the years表示“多年以来”，强调动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语为we，助动词用have，do的过去分词形式为done。
77．句意：我不想把我们的旧杂志送给别人。介词of后接动名词，give的动名词形式为giving。
78．句意：当我们减少垃圾时，回收中心就不会堆满材料了。“when we reduce...”表达的是普遍事实或常规情况，主从句都可用一般现在时，且主语是we，动词用原形。
79．句意：如果每个家庭都减少垃圾，我们就能带来很大的改变。“make a big difference”是固定搭配，意为“产生很大影响/作用”。
80．句意：“太好了！” 詹娜欢呼道。整篇短文为过去发生的故事，谓语动词用一般过去时，cheer的过去式为cheered。
81． strict about
【详解】原句中“对……严格”是关键词，表示“对……严格”的短语是strict about对事严格，或strict with对人严格，句子中是指对“our homework”严格，即对事严格，故用strict about。
82． will be held
【详解】句意：他们将举行一次关于环境保护的班会。原句是一般将来时的主动语态，变被动语态时时态不变，一般将来时被动语态的结构是“will be+动词过去分词”。原句谓语动词hold的过去分词是held，因此三个空依次填will；be；held。
83． Should separate
【详解】句意：我们应该把垃圾分成不同的类别。原句中“should”是关键词，属于情态动词，改为一般疑问句时，只需将情态动词“should”提到句首，主语“we”紧随其后，谓语动词“separate”保持原形不变，无需添加助动词。
84． Turn off
【详解】句意：当你离开房间的时候，你应该关灯。祈使句用于表达命令、要求或建议，肯定祈使句的基本结构为“动词原形+其他成分”，需省略主语you。原句中的核心动作短语为turn off“关闭”，改为祈使句时直接将动词原形置于句首即可，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Turn；off。
85． better not
【详解】句意：你最好改掉不良的环保习惯。改为否定句，had better (do sth)意为“最好做某事”，其否定形式为had better not (do sth)，直接在better后加not，后面仍接动词原形。
86．参考范文
Save Food, Start with Me
Food is very important to us. It is a precious resource that we should not waste. However, food waste is a big problem in many places. Every day, people throw away a lot of food that is still good to eat. At the same time, there are still many people in the world who don’t have enough food to eat.
We should do our part to save food. First, we should take only as much food as we can eat when we have meals. Second, we should finish all the food on our plates. If we have leftovers, we should keep them and eat them later.
Let’s work together to save food.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时为主
明确要点：粮食浪费问题和世界饥饿现状、节约粮食的方法和发出号召
确定人称：第一人称（we）
注意事项：文中不能出现真实姓名、校名
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：承接题目给出的开头，点明粮食的重要性，同时指出粮食浪费问题与世界饥饿现状
主体段：提出至少两点具体的节约粮食做法
结尾段：发出倡议与号召，呼吁同学们共同行动，升华主题
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：粮食浪费问题和世界饥饿现状
粮食浪费问题：food waste is a big problem/throw away a lot of food/food waste is common in many places等
世界饥饿现状：don’t have enough food to eat/millions of people around the world still suffer from hunger等
要点二：节约粮食的做法
做法：take only as much food as we can eat when we have meals/finish all the food on our plates/keep them and eat them later/take or order only what we can finish/remind our family to cook just enough food for each meal to avoid waste等
要点三：发出号召
号召：work together to save food/join hands to save food and make a difference等
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