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译林版新版九上英语Unit 6 The art of the brush 知识清单
（背诵版）
目录
一、核心词汇 1
二、核心词组 5
三、核心语法 5
（一）限制性定语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） 6
（二）语法练习题 8
四、单元书面表达总结 10
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 10
（二）高分词汇/词组积累 12
（三）参考范文 12
（四）写作模板（万能模板） 13
一、核心词汇
1. stroke n.笔画
词形变换：动词形式 stroke（画笔画；抚摸）
搭配：the final stroke 最后一笔；brush strokes 笔触；with a stroke 一笔
例句：She finished the final stroke with care and looked at her work with satisfaction.
（她小心翼翼地完成了最后一笔，满意地看着自己的作品。）
2. characteristic n.特征；特点
词形变换：复数 characteristics；形容词形式 characteristic（特有的；典型的）
搭配：a characteristic of ……的特征；personal characteristics 个人特征；have its own characteristics 有自己的特点
例句：Each writing style has its own characteristics and beauty.
（每种书写风格都有自己独特的美和特点。）
3. artistic adj.艺术的；有艺术天赋的
词形变换：副词形式 artistically（在艺术上）；名词形式 art（艺术）；名词形式 artist（艺术家）
搭配：artistic form 艺术形式；artistic beauty 艺术之美；artistic style 艺术风格
例句：Calligraphy is an artistic form of Chinese characters that is admired by many people.
（书法是汉字的一种艺术形式，受到许多人的赞赏。）
4. concentrate vi.&vt.集中（注意力）；专注
词形变换：concentrates（三单）、concentrated（过去式/过去分词）、concentrating（现在分词）；名词形式 concentration（专注；集中）
搭配：concentrate on 集中注意力（做某事）；concentrate one's mind 集中精力；concentrate on one's task 专注于任务
例句：Over time, I learnt how to concentrate on my task and took pleasure in producing better work.
（随着时间推移，我学会了如何专注于自己的任务，并从更好的作品中获得乐趣。）
5. pride n.自豪；骄傲
词形变换：形容词形式 proud（自豪的）；副词形式 proudly（自豪地）；动词形式 pride（以……为豪）
搭配：take pride in 以……为豪；with pride 自豪地；the pride of ……的骄傲
例句：I look at this with pride and happiness.（我带着骄傲和幸福看着这一切。）
6. calligraphy n.书法
词形变换：名词形式 calligrapher（书法家）
搭配：practise calligraphy 练习书法；Chinese calligraphy 中国书法；learn calligraphy 学习书法
例句：My love of calligraphy began when my father took me to a museum.
（我对书法的热爱始于父亲带我去博物馆的那次经历。）
7. inkstick n.墨
词形变换：复数 inksticks
搭配：make ink with an inkstick 用墨条制墨；an inkstick and an inkstone 墨和砚
例句：An inkstick is a piece of solid ink that calligraphers use with an inkstone to make ink.
（墨条是书法家配合砚台用来研墨的固体墨。）
8. inkstone n.砚台
词形变换：复数 inkstones
搭配：grind ink on an inkstone 在砚台上研墨；wash an inkstone 洗砚台
例句：Yan Zhenqing used a bowl as an inkstone when his family could not afford one.
（颜真卿家境贫寒买不起砚台时，用碗当砚台使用。）
9. xuanzhi n.宣纸
词形变换：无复数形式（不可数名词）
搭配：write on xuanzhi 在宣纸上书写；a piece of xuanzhi 一张宣纸
例句：Calligraphers usually use a special kind of paper, called xuanzhi. It is soft but strong.
（书法家通常使用一种特殊的纸，叫宣纸。它柔软但坚韧。）
10. museum n.博物馆
词形变换：复数 museums
搭配：visit a museum 参观博物馆；a museum show 博物馆展览；art museum 艺术博物馆
例句：Visit art museums which house famous pieces of calligraphy as often as possible.
（尽可能多地去参观收藏著名书法作品的艺术博物馆。）
11. technique n.技巧；技艺
词形变换：复数 techniques；形容词形式 technical（技术的；专业的）；副词形式 technically（从技术上讲）
搭配：modern art techniques 现代艺术技法；writing technique 书写技巧；painting technique 绘画技法
例句：Students will learn about modern art techniques that may be unfamiliar to them.
（学生们将学习他们可能不熟悉的现代艺术技法。）
12. undoubtedly adv.无疑地；确实地
词形变换：形容词形式 undoubted（无疑的；确实的）
搭配：undoubtedly help 毫无疑问地帮助；undoubtedly true 确实是真的
例句：Learning calligraphy has undoubtedly helped me develop my ability to focus.
（学习书法无疑帮助我培养了专注力。）
13. pressure n.压力
词形变换：动词形式 press（按；压）；形容词形式 pressured（有压力的）
搭配：under pressure 在压力之下；feel pressure 感到压力；put pressure on 给……施加压力
例句：Whenever I feel down or under pressure, I pick up my brush and start writing.
（每当我情绪低落或感到有压力时，我就拿起毛笔开始写字。）
14. doorway n.门口；门道
词形变换：复数 doorways
搭配：stand in the doorway 站在门口；appear in the doorway 出现在门口
例句：My mother appears in the doorway and smiles at me.（妈妈出现在门口，对我微笑。）
15. unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的；陌生的
词形变换：反义词 familiar（熟悉的）；副词形式 unfamiliarly（不熟悉地）；名词形式 unfamiliarity（陌生）
搭配：be unfamiliar to sb 对某人来说不熟悉；be unfamiliar with sth 对某事不熟悉
例句：Students will learn about modern art techniques that may be unfamiliar to them.
（学生们将学习他们可能不熟悉的现代艺术技法。）
16. masterpiece n.杰作；代表作
词形变换：复数 masterpieces
搭配：a literary masterpiece 文学杰作；create a masterpiece 创作杰作
例句：Starry Night is one of Van Gogh's most famous masterpieces.
（《星夜》是凡高最著名的杰作之一。）
二、核心词组
1. take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣（后接doing）
例句：Over time, I took pleasure in producing better work.
（随着时间的推移，我从创作更好的作品中获得了乐趣。）
2. give it a try 试一试
例句：They caught my interest and I decided to give it a try myself the very same day.
（它们引起了我的兴趣，我决定当天就试一试。）
3. date back (to...) 追溯到（常用一般现在时）
例句：The history of the inkstick dates back thousands of years.
（墨条的历史可以追溯到数千年前。）
4. be admired by 被……赞赏/钦佩
例句：Calligraphy is an artistic form of Chinese characters that is admired by many people at home and abroad.（书法是汉字的一种艺术形式，受到国内外许多人的赞赏。）
5. pick up 拿起；拾起；（偶然）学会
例句：Whenever I feel down, I pick up my brush and start writing.
（每当我心情低落时，我就拿起毛笔开始写字。）
6. concentrate on 集中注意力（做某事）（后接doing/n.）
例句：I could hardly concentrate on my task at first.
（起初我几乎无法集中注意力做自己的任务。）
7. in general 大体上；总的说来
例句：In general, there are some differences between Chinese and Western paintings.
（总的说来，中西方绘画之间有一些差异。）
8. up close 很近地；在近处
例句：I look forward to seeing it up close.（我期待近距离欣赏它。）
三、核心语法
（一）限制性定语从句（单元重点，必考易错点）
1. 定义
限制性定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它紧跟在被修饰的词后面，对这个词进行限定说明。这个从句不能省略——如果把它去掉，句子的意思就不完整了，你根本不知道在说"哪一个"。
2. 详细用法
（1）基本结构
★ 先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句
这里的"先行词"就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，"关系代词"就像一座桥，把先行词和从句连接起来。限制性定语从句的作用是告诉读者"我在说的到底是哪一个"，所以如果把它拿掉，句子就缺了关键信息。
举个例子：The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 如果去掉 who painted this landscape，只剩下 The person is very talented——哪个人？完全不知道。所以这个从句是"限制性"的，缺了它句子就不完整。
（2）关系代词 who、which、that 的用法
who——专门用来指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
★ who 指人，在从句中可作主语或宾语
例句：There are many fun stories about great calligraphers who lived in ancient China.
（有许多关于生活在古代中国的伟大书法家的趣闻故事。）
which——专门用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
★ which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语
例句：It is a form of writing which dates back over 3,000 years.
（它是一种可以追溯到3000多年前的书写形式。）
that——万能选手，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。口语和非正式文体中很常见。
★ that 既可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语
例句：Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China.
（书法是一种在中国非常流行的艺术形式。）
例句：The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet.
（我在博物馆里最喜爱的那幅画是克劳德·莫奈的作品。）
（3）只能用 that 的情况（必记）
这里有几个特殊情况要注意——在这些情况下，只能用 that，不能用 who 或 which：
① 先行词被最高级修饰时：This is the best painting that I have ever seen.
（这是我见过的最好的画。）
② 先行词被 the only、the very、the first、the last 等修饰时：He is the only artist that has won this award twice.（他是唯一两次获得该奖项的艺术家。）
③ 先行词既有人又有物时：The painter and his paintings that we talked about are amazing.
（我们谈论的那位画家和他的画作都很了不起。）
④ 先行词是不定代词（all、everything、nothing、anything 等）时：Everything that he painted was beautiful.（他画的一切都很美。）
（4）关系代词的省略（易错点）
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。但如果在从句中作主语，则绝对不能省略——这一点考试最爱考！
例句：The person who painted this landscape is very talented.（作主语，不能省略）
例句：The painting (that/which) I loved the most was by Monet.（作宾语，可以省略）
3. 易错点总结（必记）
易错点1：限制性定语从句不能用逗号与主句隔开。
The person, who painted this landscape, is very talented.
The person who painted this landscape is very talented.
易错点2：关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略。
Calligraphy is an art form is very popular in China.
Calligraphy is an art form that/which is very popular in China.
易错点3：先行词是不定代词时，只能用 that，不能用 which。
Everything which he painted was beautiful.
Everything that he painted was beautiful.
易错点4：who 只能指人，which 只能指物，两者不能混用。
The painting who I loved the most was by Monet.
The painting that/which I loved the most was by Monet.
（二）语法练习题
A. 单项选择
1. The artist ______ paintings are on display is very famous.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
2. This is the best painting ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
3. The calligrapher ______ used to wash his brushes in a pond was Wang Xizhi.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
4. I still remember the first time ______ I tried using a brush.
A. which B. when C. that D. who
5. Everything ______ he said about Chinese calligraphy is true.
A. which B. who C. that D. what
6. The museum ______ we visited last week houses many famous paintings.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
【答案与解析】
A. 单项选择
1. 答案：D
解析：考查关系代词。先行词 artist 是人，但后面需要和 paintings 构成所属关系"某人的画"，所以用 whose，表示"那位画家的画"。who/which/that 都不能表示所属关系，故选D。
2. 答案：B
解析：考查"只能用 that"的情况。先行词 painting 被最高级 best 修饰，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which，故选B。
3. 答案：C
解析：考查关系代词。先行词 calligrapher 是人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，所以用 who。that 也可以指人，但 who 更正式且明确指人，故选C。
4. 答案：C
解析：考查"只能用 that"的情况。先行词 time 被序数词 first 修饰，关系代词只能用 that，故选C。
5. 答案：C
解析：考查"只能用 that"的情况。先行词是不定代词 everything，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。what 不能引导定语从句，故选C。
6. 答案：B
解析：考查关系代词。先行词 museum 是物，关系代词在从句中作 visited 的宾语，用 which 或 that 均可，故选B。
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The girl ______ (who/which/that) is standing by the painting is my sister.
2. The art techniques ______ (who/which/that) are used in this painting are very creative.
3. This is the only inkstone ______ (who/which/that) has been passed down in my family for generations.
4. Qi Baishi is an artist ______ (who/which/that) is famous for painting shrimps.
5. The painting ______ (who/which/that) we saw at the museum was truly a masterpiece.
答案与解析
1. 答案：who/that
解析：先行词 girl 是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。
2. 答案：which/that
解析：先行词 techniques 是物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 which 或 that。
3. 答案：that
解析：先行词 inkstone 被 the only 修饰，只能用 that，不能用 which。
4. 答案：who/that
解析：先行词 artist 是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。
5. 答案：which/that
解析：先行词 painting 是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用 which 或 that，也可省略。
C. 句型转换
1. The man is a famous calligrapher. He lives next door.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
2. The painting is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
3. This is the museum. We visited it last week.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
4. Everything is ready for the art show. The teacher told us about it.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
________________________________________________________________________
C. 答案与解析
1. 答案：The man who/that lives next door is a famous calligrapher.
解析：先行词 the man 是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。
2. 答案：The painting which/that I bought yesterday is very beautiful.
解析：先行词 the painting 是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用 which 或 that，也可省略。
3. 答案：This is the museum which/that we visited last week.
解析：先行词 the museum 是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用 which 或 that，也可省略。
4. 答案：Everything that the teacher told us about is ready for the art show.
解析：先行词是不定代词 everything，只能用 that，不能用 which。
四、单元书面表达总结
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式）
本单元写作任务：写一篇关于你最喜欢的画家的文章（An article about your favourite painter）
第一段（开头，1-2句）：引入话题，点明你最喜欢的画家是谁
核心内容：直接点出画家的名字和国籍，表明"这是我最喜欢的画家"的态度。
核心句式：
① My favourite painter is ... / The painter I like best is ...
我最喜欢的画家是……/我最喜爱的画家是……
② He/She is a famous Chinese/French/... painter who ...
他/她是一位知名的中国/法国/……画家，其……
第二段（中间1，3-4句）：介绍画家的生平和绘画风格
核心内容：讲述画家何时开始绘画、绘画风格是什么、擅长画什么题材。
核心句式：
① He/She began painting when he/she was very young/a teenager/...
他/她在年幼时/青少年时期/……便开始绘画
② He/She paints/painted in a modern/traditional style.
他/她以现代/传统风格作画/曾作画。
③ He/She often paints/painted animals/landscapes/people/...
他/她经常画/曾画动物/风景/人物/……
第三段（中间2，2-3句）：介绍画家的代表作品及其影响
核心内容：提到画家最著名的作品，说明这些作品为什么了不起。
核心句式：
① His/Her most famous work is ... which ...他/她最知名的作品是……该作品……
② My favourite paintings by this painter are ... because ...
这位画家我最喜欢的画作是……因为……
③ The painting that I like best is ...我最喜欢的那幅画作是……
第四段（结尾，1-2句）：总结评价，表达敬意
核心内容：表达你对这位画家的敬佩之情，说明他/她的艺术对你有什么影响。
核心句式：
① I admire him/her because his/her works always ...我钦佩他/她，因为他/她的作品总是……
② His/Her art has taught me to ...他/她的作品教会我去……
（二）高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换：
基础词 高分替换词 含义 写作可用例句
good outstanding / remarkable 杰出的；非凡的 He is an outstanding painter in modern art.
famous world-renowned / well-known 世界闻名的 She is a world-renowned artist whose works are admired globally.
like be fascinated by / be drawn to 被……深深吸引 I am fascinated by his unique painting style.
beautiful breathtaking / magnificent 令人叹为观止的 The painting is truly breathtaking.
show demonstrate / reveal 展现；揭示 His works demonstrate a deep understanding of nature.
高分词组：
① be famous for 因……而闻名
② be admired by 被……赞赏
③ date back to 追溯到
④ take pride in 以……为豪
⑤ concentrate on 专注于
⑥ be drawn to 被……吸引
⑦ have a great influence on 对……有巨大影响
⑧ leave a lasting impression on 给……留下深刻印象
（三）参考范文
My Favourite Painter
My favourite painter is Qi Baishi, one of the most famous Chinese painters in modern history. He was born in 1864 in Hunan Province. Qi Baishi started learning painting when he was very young, and he taught himself how to paint after long days of work as a woodworker.
Qi Baishi is famous for his unique painting style that combines bright colours with heavy ink. Unlike many traditional painters who focused on large landscapes, he concentrated on small things in nature. His favourite subjects were things that he noticed in the natural world, like flowers, fish, frogs and especially shrimps.
The paintings that I like best are his shrimp paintings. The shrimps in his works seem so alive that you can almost feel them moving. His brush strokes are simple but full of life, which shows his deep understanding of nature and his outstanding artistic technique.
I admire Qi Baishi not only because of his artistic talent, but also because of his spirit of never giving up. His story has taught me that with hard work and passion, anyone can achieve their dreams. His works will always be a source of inspiration for me.
（四）写作模板（万能模板）
My Favourite Painter
My favourite painter is ________（画家名字）. He/She is a(n) ________（国籍/地区）painter who ________（用定语从句简要介绍）.
He/She began painting when he/she was ________（开始绘画的时间/年龄）. He/She paints/painted in a ________（绘画风格）style. He/She often paints/painted ________（擅长题材）, and his/her works are/were ________（作品特点）.
His/Her most famous work is ________（代表作品）, which ________（用定语从句介绍作品特点或成就）. The painting that I like best is ________（你最喜欢的那幅画）because ________（喜欢的原因）.
I admire him/her because ________（表达敬佩的原因）. His/Her art has taught me to ________（画家对你有什么启发）, and I believe that his/her works will ________（对未来的影响或展望）./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
译林版新版九上英语Unit 6 The art of the brush 知识清单
（默写版）
目录
一、核心词汇 1
二、核心词组 4
三、核心语法 5
（一）限制性定语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） 6
（二）语法练习题 8
四、单元书面表达总结 9
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 9
（二）高分词汇/词组积累 10
（三）参考范文 11
（四）写作模板（万能模板） 11
一、核心词汇
1. stroke n.笔画
词形变换：动词形式 _______________（画笔画；抚摸）
搭配：_______________ 最后一笔；_______________ 笔触；_______________ 一笔
例句：She finished the final _______________ with care and looked at her work with satisfaction.
（她小心翼翼地完成了最后一笔，满意地看着自己的作品。）
2. characteristic n.特征；特点
词形变换：复数 characteristics；形容词形式 _______________（特有的；典型的）
搭配：____________ 的特征；_______________ 个人特征；_______________ 有自己的特点
例句：Each writing style has its own _______________ and beauty.
（每种书写风格都有自己独特的美和特点。）
3. artistic adj.艺术的；有艺术天赋的
词形变换：副词形式 _______________（在艺术上）；名词形式 _______________（艺术）；名词形式 _______________（艺术家）
搭配：_______________ 艺术形式；_______________ 艺术之美；_______________ 艺术风格
例句：Calligraphy is an _____________ form of Chinese characters that is admired by many people.
（书法是汉字的一种艺术形式，受到许多人的赞赏。）
4. concentrate vi.&vt.集中（注意力）；专注
词形变换：_______________（三单）、_______________（过去式/过去分词）、_______________（现在分词）；名词形式 _______________（专注；集中）
搭配：_______________ 集中注意力（做某事）；_______________ 集中精力；_______________ 专注于任务
例句：Over time, I learnt how to ___________ on my task and took pleasure in producing better work.
（随着时间推移，我学会了如何专注于自己的任务，并从更好的作品中获得乐趣。）
5. pride n.自豪；骄傲
词形变换：形容词形式 _______________（自豪的）；副词形式 _______________（自豪地）；动词形式 _______________（以……为豪）
搭配：_______________ 以……为豪；_______________ 自豪地；_______________ 的骄傲
例句：I look at this with ___________ and happiness.（我带着骄傲和幸福看着这一切。）
6. calligraphy n.书法
词形变换：名词形式 _______________（书法家）
搭配：_______________ 练习书法；_______________ 中国书法；_______________ 学习书法
例句：My love of _______________ began when my father took me to a museum.
（我对书法的热爱始于父亲带我去博物馆的那次经历。）
7. inkstick n.墨
词形变换：复数 inksticks
搭配：_______________ 用墨条制墨；_______________ 墨和砚
例句：An _____________ is a piece of solid ink that calligraphers use with an inkstone to make ink.
（墨条是书法家配合砚台用来研墨的固体墨。）
8. inkstone n.砚台
词形变换：复数 inkstones
搭配：_______________ 在砚台上研墨；_______________ 洗砚台
例句：Yan Zhenqing used a bowl as an _______________ when his family could not afford one.
（颜真卿家境贫寒买不起砚台时，用碗当砚台使用。）
9. xuanzhi n.宣纸
词形变换：无复数形式（不可数名词）
搭配：_______________ 在宣纸上书写；_______________ 一张宣纸
例句：Calligraphers usually use a special kind of paper, called _______________. It is soft but strong.
（书法家通常使用一种特殊的纸，叫宣纸。它柔软但坚韧。）
10. museum n.博物馆
词形变换：复数 museums
搭配：___________ 参观博物馆；___________ 博物馆展览；_____________ 艺术博物馆
例句：Visit art _______________ which house famous pieces of calligraphy as often as possible.
（尽可能多地去参观收藏著名书法作品的艺术博物馆。）
11. technique n.技巧；技艺
词形变换：复数 techniques；形容词形式 _______________（技术的；专业的）；副词形式 _______________（从技术上讲）
搭配：____________ 现代艺术技法；____________ 书写技巧；_____________ 绘画技法
例句：Students will learn about modern art _______________ that may be unfamiliar to them.
（学生们将学习他们可能不熟悉的现代艺术技法。）
12. undoubtedly adv.无疑地；确实地
词形变换：形容词形式 _______________（无疑的；确实的）
搭配：_______________ 毫无疑问地帮助；_______________ 确实是真的
例句：Learning calligraphy has _______________ helped me develop my ability to focus.
（学习书法无疑帮助我培养了专注力。）
13. pressure n.压力
词形变换：动词形式 ____________（按；压）；形容词形式 _____________（有压力的）
搭配：_______________ 在压力之下；_______________ 感到压力；_______________ 给……施加压力
例句：Whenever I feel down or under _______________, I pick up my brush and start writing.
（每当我情绪低落或感到有压力时，我就拿起毛笔开始写字。）
14. doorway n.门口；门道
词形变换：复数 doorways
搭配：_______________ 站在门口；_______________ 出现在门口
例句：My mother appears in the _________ and smiles at me.（妈妈出现在门口，对我微笑。）
15. unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的；陌生的
词形变换：反义词 _______________（熟悉的）；副词形式 _______________（不熟悉地）；名词形式 _______________（陌生）
搭配：_______________ 对某人来说不熟悉；_______________ 对某事不熟悉
例句：Students will learn about modern art techniques that may be _______________ to them.
（学生们将学习他们可能不熟悉的现代艺术技法。）
16. masterpiece n.杰作；代表作
词形变换：复数 masterpieces
搭配：_______________ 文学杰作；_______________ 创作杰作
例句：Starry Night is one of Van Gogh's most famous _______________.
（《星夜》是凡高最著名的杰作之一。）
二、核心词组
1. take pleasure in 从……中获得乐趣（后接doing）
例句：Over time, I took _______________ in producing better work.
（随着时间的推移，我从创作更好的作品中获得了乐趣。）
2. give it a try 试一试
例句：They caught my interest and I decided to ____________ it a ___________ myself the very same day.（它们引起了我的兴趣，我决定当天就试一试。）
3. date back (to...) 追溯到（常用一般现在时）
例句：The history of the inkstick dates _______________ thousands of years.
（墨条的历史可以追溯到数千年前。）
4. be admired by 被……赞赏/钦佩
例句：Calligraphy is an artistic form of Chinese characters that is _____________ by many people at home and abroad.（书法是汉字的一种艺术形式，受到国内外许多人的赞赏。）
5. pick up 拿起；拾起；（偶然）学会
例句：Whenever I feel down, I _______________ up my brush and start writing.
（每当我心情低落时，我就拿起毛笔开始写字。）
6. concentrate on 集中注意力（做某事）（后接doing/n.）
例句：I could hardly _______________ on my task at first.
（起初我几乎无法集中注意力做自己的任务。）
7. in general 大体上；总的说来
例句：In _______________, there are some differences between Chinese and Western paintings.
（总的说来，中西方绘画之间有一些差异。）
8. up close 很近地；在近处
例句：I look forward to seeing it up _______________.
（我期待近距离欣赏它。）
三、核心语法
（一）限制性定语从句（单元重点，必考易错点）
1. 定义
限制性定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它紧跟在被修饰的词后面，对这个词进行限定说明。这个从句不能省略——如果把它去掉，句子的意思就不完整了，你根本不知道在说"哪一个"。
2. 详细用法
（1）基本结构
★ _______________ + _______________ + _______________
这里的"先行词"就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，"关系代词"就像一座桥，把先行词和从句连接起来。限制性定语从句的作用是告诉读者"我在说的到底是哪一个"，所以如果把它拿掉，句子就缺了关键信息。
举个例子：The person who painted this landscape is very talented. 如果去掉 who painted this landscape，只剩下 The person is very talented——哪个人？完全不知道。所以这个从句是"限制性"的，缺了它句子就不完整。
（2）关系代词 who、which、that 的用法
who——专门用来指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
★ who 指人，在从句中可作主语或宾语
例句：There are many fun stories about great calligraphers _______________ lived in ancient China.
（有许多关于生活在古代中国的伟大书法家的趣闻故事。）
which——专门用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
★ which 指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语
例句：It is a form of writing _______________ dates back over 3,000 years.
（它是一种可以追溯到3000多年前的书写形式。）
that——万能选手，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。口语和非正式文体中很常见。
★ that 既可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语
例句：Calligraphy is an art form _______________ is very popular in China.
（书法是一种在中国非常流行的艺术形式。）
例句：The painting _______________ I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet.
（我在博物馆里最喜爱的那幅画是克劳德·莫奈的作品。）
（3）只能用 that 的情况（必记）
这里有几个特殊情况要注意——在这些情况下，只能用 that，不能用 who 或 which：
① 先行词被最高级修饰时：This is the best painting _______________ I have ever seen.（这是我见过的最好的画。）
② 先行词被 the only、the very、the first、the last 等修饰时：He is the only artist _______________ has won this award twice.（他是唯一两次获得该奖项的艺术家。）
③ 先行词既有人又有物时：The painter and his paintings _______________ we talked about are amazing.（我们谈论的那位画家和他的画作都很了不起。）
④ 先行词是不定代词（all、everything、nothing、anything 等）时：Everything _______________ he painted was beautiful.（他画的一切都很美。）
（4）关系代词的省略（易错点）
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。但如果在从句中作主语，则绝对不能省略——这一点考试最爱考！
例句：The person _______________ painted this landscape is very talented.（作主语，不能省略）
例句：The painting _______________ I loved the most was by Monet.（作宾语，可以省略）
3. 易错点总结（必记）
易错点1：限制性定语从句不能用逗号与主句隔开。
The person, who painted this landscape, is very talented.
The person _______________ painted this landscape is very talented.
易错点2：关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略。
Calligraphy is an art form is very popular in China.
Calligraphy is an art form _______________ is very popular in China.
易错点3：先行词是不定代词时，只能用 that，不能用 which。
Everything which he painted was beautiful.
Everything _______________ he painted was beautiful.
易错点4：who 只能指人，which 只能指物，两者不能混用。
The painting who I loved the most was by Monet.
The painting _______________ I loved the most was by Monet.
（二）语法练习题
A. 单项选择
1. The artist ______ paintings are on display is very famous.
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
2. This is the best painting ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
3. The calligrapher ______ used to wash his brushes in a pond was Wang Xizhi.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
4. I still remember the first time ______ I tried using a brush.
A. which B. when C. that D. who
5. Everything ______ he said about Chinese calligraphy is true.
A. which B. who C. that D. what
6. The museum ______ we visited last week houses many famous paintings.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The girl ______ (who/which/that) is standing by the painting is my sister.
2. The art techniques ______ (who/which/that) are used in this painting are very creative.
3. This is the only inkstone ______ (who/which/that) has been passed down in my family for generations.
4. Qi Baishi is an artist ______ (who/which/that) is famous for painting shrimps.
5. The painting ______ (who/which/that) we saw at the museum was truly a masterpiece.
C. 句型转换
1. The man is a famous calligrapher. He lives next door.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
2. The painting is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
3. This is the museum. We visited it last week.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
4. Everything is ready for the art show. The teacher told us about it.（合并为含定语从句的句子）
__________________________________________________________________
四、单元书面表达总结
（一）写作框架梳理（4段式）
本单元写作任务：写一篇关于你最喜欢的画家的文章（An article about your favourite painter）
第一段（开头，1-2句）：引入话题，点明你最喜欢的画家是谁
核心内容：直接点出画家的名字和国籍，表明"这是我最喜欢的画家"的态度。
核心句式：
① My favourite painter is ... / The painter I like best is ...
我最喜欢的画家是……/我最喜爱的画家是……
② He/She is a famous Chinese/French/... painter who ...
他/她是一位知名的中国/法国/……画家，其……
第二段（中间1，3-4句）：介绍画家的生平和绘画风格
核心内容：讲述画家何时开始绘画、绘画风格是什么、擅长画什么题材。
核心句式：
① He/She began painting when he/she was very young/a teenager/...
他/她在年幼时/青少年时期/……便开始绘画
② He/She paints/painted in a modern/traditional style.
他/她以现代/传统风格作画/曾作画。
③ He/She often paints/painted animals/landscapes/people/...
他/她经常画/曾画动物/风景/人物/……
第三段（中间2，2-3句）：介绍画家的代表作品及其影响
核心内容：提到画家最著名的作品，说明这些作品为什么了不起。
核心句式：
① His/Her most famous work is ... which ...他/她最知名的作品是……该作品……
② My favourite paintings by this painter are ... because ...
这位画家我最喜欢的画作是……因为……
③ The painting that I like best is ...我最喜欢的那幅画作是……
第四段（结尾，1-2句）：总结评价，表达敬意
核心内容：表达你对这位画家的敬佩之情，说明他/她的艺术对你有什么影响。
核心句式：
① I admire him/her because his/her works always ...我钦佩他/她，因为他/她的作品总是……
② His/Her art has taught me to ...他/她的作品教会我去……
（二）高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换：
基础词 高分替换词 含义 写作可用例句
good outstanding / remarkable 杰出的；非凡的 He is an outstanding painter in modern art.
famous world-renowned / well-known 世界闻名的 She is a world-renowned artist whose works are admired globally.
like be fascinated by / be drawn to 被……深深吸引 I am fascinated by his unique painting style.
beautiful breathtaking / magnificent 令人叹为观止的 The painting is truly breathtaking.
show demonstrate / reveal 展现；揭示 His works demonstrate a deep understanding of nature.
高分词组：
① be famous for 因……而闻名
② be admired by 被……赞赏
③ date back to 追溯到
④ take pride in 以……为豪
⑤ concentrate on 专注于
⑥ be drawn to 被……吸引
⑦ have a great influence on 对……有巨大影响
⑧ leave a lasting impression on 给……留下深刻印象
（三）参考范文
My Favourite Painter
My favourite painter is Qi Baishi, one of the most famous Chinese painters in modern history. He was born in 1864 in Hunan Province. Qi Baishi started learning painting when he was very young, and he taught himself how to paint after long days of work as a woodworker.
Qi Baishi is famous for his unique painting style that combines bright colours with heavy ink. Unlike many traditional painters who focused on large landscapes, he concentrated on small things in nature. His favourite subjects were things that he noticed in the natural world, like flowers, fish, frogs and especially shrimps.
The paintings that I like best are his shrimp paintings. The shrimps in his works seem so alive that you can almost feel them moving. His brush strokes are simple but full of life, which shows his deep understanding of nature and his outstanding artistic technique.
I admire Qi Baishi not only because of his artistic talent, but also because of his spirit of never giving up. His story has taught me that with hard work and passion, anyone can achieve their dreams. His works will always be a source of inspiration for me.
（四）写作模板（万能模板）
My Favourite Painter
My favourite painter is ________（画家名字）. He/She is a(n) ________（国籍/地区）painter who ________（用定语从句简要介绍）.
He/She began painting when he/she was ________（开始绘画的时间/年龄）. He/She paints/painted in a ________（绘画风格）style. He/She often paints/painted ________（擅长题材）, and his/her works are/were ________（作品特点）.
His/Her most famous work is ________（代表作品）, which ________（用定语从句介绍作品特点或成就）. The painting that I like best is ________（你最喜欢的那幅画）because ________（喜欢的原因）.
I admire him/her because ________（表达敬佩的原因）. His/Her art has taught me to ________（画家对你有什么启发）, and I believe that his/her works will ________（对未来的影响或展望）.

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