资源简介

Unit 2 Inspiring People
Section B What makes people admirable？知识点
一、单元词汇
单词 Section B1. adj. 科学（上）的2. n. 生物学家3. adj. 所有的，完全的4. n. 银行5. adv. 永远6. n. 无线电，收音机7. n. 收藏品，收集物8. n.探索9. n. 宇宙10. n. 社会主义11. n.洞，孔12. n. 女儿13. pron. 她自己，她本人14. n. 飞行，航班15. n. 木工手艺16. n. 发明家17. n.思想家18. n. 时期，一段时间19. n. 王国20. n. 善良 21. conj. 是否22. n.人类
短语 Section B1. 被...震惊，因...发抖2. 在一场车祸中3. 备受尊敬的生物学家4. 种子库5. 各种植物种子6. 确保7. 展示出深沉的热爱和好奇心8. 在年仅15岁时9. 无线电工程10. 对...感兴趣11. 不畏严寒和高处12. 生病13. 培训当地学生14. 在实地研究中，在野外研究中15. 给某人提供某物16. 留下，遗留17 继续存在，继续活着18. 在科学探索的道路上19. 成长，长大20. 查明，弄清楚21. 在地球上，世界上22. 黑洞23. 引导某人做某事24. 探索宇宙的秘密25. 戴口罩26. 病人的数量27. 获得诺贝尔化学奖 28. 支付飞行课程的费用29. 因为...出名30. 使...成真31. 据说32. 实际上，事实上33. 最重要的是，尤其是34. 战国时期35. 普通人36. 听到和平与爱的讯息37. 构建人类命运共同体38. 专心致志与，献身于，专用于39. 在农村扶贫40. 为人民服务
Section B
二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲
【考点1】On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident.
【解析】
1.shake的用法：过去式：shook 过去分词：shaken 现在分词：shaking
核心含义：
①摇动；晃动；抖动（及物 / 不及物动词），人或物体快速、短促地来回移动。
及物用法（后接宾语）：
Shake the bottle before drinking the juice.喝果汁前摇一摇瓶子。
She shook her head and said "No".她摇了摇头说 “不”。
不及物用法（不接宾语）：
The whole house shook when the earthquake happened.地震发生时，整栋房子都在摇晃。
His hands shook with cold.他的手冻得发抖。
②握手
shake hands with sb（和某人握手）
We usually shake hands with new friends when we meet them.我们见到新朋友时通常会握手。
③使震惊；使不安（及物动词，常考被动语态）
be shaken by sth（被某事震惊）
We were all shaken by the bad news.（我们都被这个坏消息震惊了。）
2.过去完成时
（1）核心定义： 表示在过去某个动作或时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作。简单说：两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。
（2） 基本结构：
主语 + had + 动词过去分词 (done)
否定式：主语 + had not (hadn't) + done
疑问式：had + 主语 + done
易错点：had 无人称变化（所有人称都用 had）
最常用时间标志词：
by + 过去时间：by 2020, by the end of last year
before + 过去动作 / 时间：before I arrived, before 8 o'clock yesterday
when/after + 一般过去时从句
（4）3 个核心用法：
①表示 "过去的过去" 已完成的动作
By the end of last term, we had learned 10 English songs.（到上学期末，我们已经学了 10 首英文歌。）（"上学期末" 是过去时间，"学歌" 发生在这之前）
When I got to the cinema, the film had already started.（当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。）（"到达" 是过去动作，"电影开始" 发生在到达之前）
②表示过去某一动作之前持续的状态
He had worked in that factory for 5 years before he moved here.他搬到这里之前，已经在那家工厂工作了 5 年。
③ 表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算
I had hoped to see you yesterday, but I was too busy. 我本来希望昨天见你，但太忙了。
【考点2】The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.
【解析】
1.well-respected的用法：
形容词，受人尊敬的；德高望重的。复合形容词，由副词 well + 过去分词 respected 构成，中间必须加连字符。
常见类似单词：
单词 中文释义 例句
well-known 著名的；众所周知的 Tu Youyou is a well-known medical scientist.
well-educated 受过良好教育的 He comes from a well-educated family.
well-paid 高薪的 Doctors are usually well-paid jobs.
well-dressed 穿着讲究的 The well-dressed lady is our new English teacher.
well-organized 有条理的 Her desk is always clean and well-organized.
【拓展】反义词则常用 badly 或 poorly，如：poorly-educated（教育程度低的）
badly-behaved（行为不端的）。
2.spend 的用法：
过去式：spent 过去分词：spent 现在分词：spending
核心前提：spend 的主语必须是人，不能是物。
核心结构：
①spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 含义：在某物 / 某事上花费时间 / 金钱
I spend two hours on my homework every day. 我每天花两个小时做作业。
She spent 100 yuan on this new dictionary.她花了 100 元买这本新字典。
② spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth 含义：花费时间 / 金钱做某事
He spent the whole afternoon (in) playing basketball. 他花了整个下午打篮球。\
They spent a lot of money (in) building the new school.（他们花了很多钱建这所新学校。）
重要提示：介词 in 可以省略
③ spend + 时间 + with sb 含义：和某人一起度过时间
I usually spend weekends with my grandparents.我通常和爷爷奶奶一起过周末。
单词辨析：
单词 主语 花费内容 核心结构 例句
spend 人 时间 金钱 sb. spend(s) time/money on sthsb. spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth I spent 50 yuan on the book.
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) sb. money The book cost me 50 yuan.
take it（形式主语） 时间 It takes sb. time to do sth It took me two hours to finish the work.
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) money for sth I paid 50 yuan for the book.
【考点3】Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work.
【解析】
1.include 的用法：
动词（v.） 含义：包括；
用法：在句子中作谓语，有人称、时态和数的变化。
常见变形：三单形式 includes、过去式 / 过去分词 included
The tour ticket includes a visit to the museum.这张游览票包含博物馆的参观费用。
His article included many helpful suggestions.他的文章里包含了很多实用的建议。
All the necessary tools are included in the box.所有必备工具都包含在箱子里。（被动语态） including 介词（prep.） 含义：包括…… 在内
用法：不能作谓语，属于介词，后面直接接名词或代词作宾语；通常用逗号与前面的主句隔开，起补充说明的作用。
We have learned ten English songs this term, including this one.这学期我们学了十首英文歌，包括这一首。
Many people took part in the activity, including some old people.很多人参加了这次活动，包括一些老人。
2.when/while doing sth 当做某事时
when doing important work是省略结构，此处的完整表达为when he was doing important work。当when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可省略。
When(he was)running by the lake, he met his best friend.
在湖边跑步时，他遇到了他最好的朋友。
While(she was)on vacation, Lily took many photos.莉莉度假时拍了很多照片。
When(it is)necessary, you should tell the truth.当有必要时，你应该说出真相。
【考点4】Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about plants in China.
【解析】
provide 的用法：
过去式：provided 过去分词：provided 现在分词：providing
核心结构：
①.provide sth for sb（为某人提供某物） 含义：把某物提供给某人
The school provides books for all the students.学校为所有学生提供课本。
The government provides food and clothes for the homeless people.政府为无家可归的人提供食物和衣服。
②. provide sb with sth（为某人提供某物） 含义：给某人提供某物
The school provides all the students with books.学校为所有学生提供课本。
The hotel provides guests with free breakfast.这家酒店为客人提供免费早餐。
provide和offer的区分：
单词 常用结构 语义侧重
provide provide sb. with sth.provide sth. for sb. 供给所需的物资、条件、服务
offer offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 主动、自愿地提出给予或帮忙He offered me a cup of tea when I got to his home. 我到他家时，他主动给我倒了一杯茶。My deskmate offered to help me with my English. 我的同桌主动提出帮我补习英语。
【考点5】Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds.
【解析】
1.leave behind的用法：
留下；遗留；忘记携带
“动词+副词”型短语，当宾语是名词时，可放在 leave 与 behind 中间，也可放在 behind 后；当宾语是人称代词(it/them 等)时，只能放在两者中间。
I left my umbrella behind.我忘记带我的雨伞了。
I don't want to leave anything behind.我不想留下任何东西。
Take your mobile phone; don't leave it behind.带上你的手机，别把它落下。
collection名词
核心含义：收集；收藏品；一批物品
可数名词：（一批）收藏品、收集物 指分门别类收集起来的一类物品。
My grandpa has a large stamp collection.我爷爷有大量的邮票藏品。
The museum shows a wonderful collection of old photos.这家博物馆展出了一批精美的老照片藏品。
不可数名词：收集、采集（行为 / 过程） 抽象含义，指 “收集东西” 这个动作或过程。 The collection of waste paper helps protect the environment.废纸回收有助于保护环境。
高频固定搭配：
a collection of 一批……；许多……
stamp collection 集邮；邮票收藏
art collection 艺术藏品
book collection 藏书
单词变形：
词性 单词 含义
动词 collect 收集；采集
名词（人） collector 收藏家；采集者
名词（事物 / 行为） collection 收集；收藏品
【考点6】His love for his job and research lives on in his students.
【解析】
live on
①继续存在；继续活着
作此义讲时是不及物动词短语，此时on是副词，其后不跟宾语。
His spirit will live on forever.他的精神将永远存在。
He lived on for fifteen years after his wife died.妻子去世后，他继续活了十五年。
②以……为食；靠……生活
作此义讲时是及物动词短语，此时on为介词，后面必须跟宾语。
Most pandas live on bamboo. 大多数熊猫以竹子为食。
【考点7】When my sister grows up, she wants to become a science/scientist because she likes to find out how the universe works.
【解析】
find out,find 与look for的区分：
look for（过程）
I am looking for my English notebook everywhere, but I can't see it. 我正在到处找我的英语笔记本，但没看见。（还没找到，强调动作）
find（结果）
After searching for ten minutes, I found my pen under the desk. 找了十分钟后，我在课桌下找到了我的笔。（结果，找到了）
find out（查明、弄清楚）
The scientist wanted to find out why the lake turned green. 这位科学家想弄清楚为什么湖变绿了。（需要调查/研究才能知道的事）
【考点8】You'd better wear a mask when you go out.
【解析】
had better 最好。缩写形式为'd better,无人称、数和时态的变化，后面直接加动词原形。
had better do sth最好做某事
You had better hand in your homework on time, or the teacher will be angry. 你最好按时交作业，不然老师会生气的。
had better not do sth最好不做某事
We had better not play football in the street; it's too dangerous. 我们最好不要在街上踢足球，太危险了。
【考点9】The disease is ，and the number of patients is going up.
【解析】
patient的用法：
①形容词（adj.）：有耐心的；能忍耐的。
be patient with sb 对某人有耐心
Our English teacher is always patient with us when we make mistakes. 当我们犯错时，我们的英语老师总是对我们很有耐心。
be patient of sth 对某事有耐心
You need to be patient of the long wait for the exam results. 你需要耐心等待考试结果。
②名词（n.）：病人（可数名词）
The nurse is taking good care of the sick patients in the hospital. 护士正在医院里悉心照顾生病的病人。
This doctor has treated hundreds of patients with this disease. 这位医生已经治疗了数百名患有这种疾病的病人。
单词变形：
单词 词性 核心搭配 典型例句
patience耐心 不可数名词 lose patience (with sb/sth)have patience (with sb/sth)with patience I lost my patience with the noisy boy.我对那个吵闹的男孩失去了耐心。
patiently耐心地 副词 wait patientlylisten patiently She waited patiently for her turn to see the doctor.（她耐心地等着轮到她看医生。）
impatient不耐烦的 形容词 be impatient with sbbe impatient for sth He is impatient for the coming of the summer holiday.（他迫不及待地盼望着暑假的到来。）
【考点10】Earhart is best known for being a flight _ as the first woman to fly on her own across the Atlantic Ocean in 1932.
【解析】
1.known的常见搭配：
搭配 中文释义 核心区别 典型例句
be known as 作为…… 而出名 强调身份、职业、称号 Yuan Longping is known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice".（袁隆平作为 “杂交水稻之父” 而出名。）
be known for 因…… 而出名 强调原因、特长、特征 Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.（杭州因西湖而出名。）
be known to 为…… 所熟知 强调熟知的对象 The singer is known to young people all over China.（这位歌手为全中国的年轻人所熟知。）
be known by 通过…… 而被了解 强调了解的方式 A person is known by the company he keeps.（观其友，知其人。）
2.own的用法：
own 是一词多性词，同时拥有形容词和动词两种核心词性
①作形容词，意为 “自己的；本人的”，放在形容词性物主代词（my/your/his 等）后面，不能单独使用。基本结构：形容词性物主代词 + own + 名词。
This is my own room.这是我自己的房间。
She wants to have her own car when she grows up.她长大后想拥有一辆自己的车。
固定搭配：
搭配 释义 用法 典型例句
of one's own 某人自己的 作后置定语，放在名词后面 She has a dream of her own.（她有一个自己的梦想。）
on one's own 独自地；独立地 作状语，相当于 by oneself He finished the difficult project on his own.（他独立完成了这个困难的项目。）
②作动词，过去式：owned，过去分词：owned
意为 “拥有；有”，主语通常是人。
My uncle owns a small restaurant in the city center.我叔叔在市中心拥有一家小餐馆。
This company owns three factories in China.这家公司在中国拥有三家工厂。
③派生词：owner（n. 主人；所有者）
The owner of the dog is a little girl.这只狗的主人是一个小女孩。
Please return the wallet to its owner.请把钱包还给它的主人。
【考点11】To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi (about 468-376 BCE).
【解析】
one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数。最……的……之一。作主语时，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数形式
The computer is one of the most useful inventions in the 20th century.
电脑是20世纪最有用的发明之一。
One of the boys are playing basketball. (错误)
One of the boys is playing basketball. (正确)
【考点12】It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite.
【解析】
It is said that 据说；人们说；
核心结构 It + is + said + that + 完整句子
It：形式主语，无实际意义，只是用来避免句子头重脚轻。真正的主语：后面的 that 从句 。 句中that引导主语从句，口语中可省略。
It is said that he is the best basketball player in our school.
据说他是我们学校最好的篮球运动员。
It is said that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.据说明天会有一场大雨。
相似句型：
句型 中文释义 典型例句
It is reported that 据报道 It is reported that a sports meeting will be held next month.据报道下个月举行运动会。
It is believed that 人们认为；大家相信 It is believed that exercise is good for our health.大家相信锻炼有助于健康。
It is known that 众所周知 It is known that Zhan Tianyou is the Father of China's Railways.众所周知，詹天佑是中国铁路之父。
It is thought that 人们认为 It is thought that this book is very useful for students.人们认为这本书对学生有用处。
It is hoped that 人们希望 It is hoped that the problem can be solved soon.人们希望这个问题尽快解决。
It is suggested that 有人建议 It is suggested that we should plant more trees.有人建议我们应该多种树。
【考点13】He also believed states should avoid attacking one another.
【解析】
1.state的用法：
state 是一词多性词，名词和动词两种词性
（1）作名词
①. 国家；政府（侧重主权国家或政权）
China is a great socialist state.（中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。）
The state provides free education for all children.（政府为所有儿童提供免费教育。）
②州（特指美国、澳大利亚等国的行政区划）
重要提示：表示具体州名时，State 首字母必须大写
California State is famous for its sunshine.（加利福尼亚州以阳光闻名。）
He was born in Texas State.（他出生在得克萨斯州。）
③ 状态；状况（指人或事物所处的特定情形）
固定搭配： in a ... state 处于…… 状态
The old house was in a bad state.（这座老房子状况很差。）
She was in a state of excitement when she heard the news.（她听到消息时处于兴奋状态。）
state of mind 心态；心情A good state of mind is important for exams.（良好的心态对考试很重要。）
作动词 意为 “陈述；说明；声明”，语气比 say 正式，常用于书面语或正式场合。
过去式 / 过去分词：stated 现在分词：stating 单词变形：
必考结构：
state + that 从句The report states that smoking is bad for health.（报告指出吸烟有害健康。） state + 名词 / 代词Please state your name and address.（请说明你的姓名和地址。）
state clearly 清楚地说明He stated clearly that he would not give up.（他明确表示他不会放弃。）
必考派生词：statement（n. 陈述；声明）
固定搭配：make a statement（发表声明）
The scientist made a statement about his new discovery.这位科学家就他的新发现发表了声明。
The police asked for a statement from the witness.警方要求证人提供证词。
2.avoid的用法：
avoid 是规则动词，变化形式如下： 过去式 / 过去分词：avoided 现在分词：avoiding 名词形式：avoidance（避免）
核心用法
①avoid doing sth（避免做某事）
We must avoid cutting down too many trees to protect the environment.我们必须避免砍伐太多树木来保护环境。
②. avoid sth（避免某物 / 某事） 后接名词或代词作宾语，
Drivers should avoid dangerous roads at night.司机夜间应避开危险路段。
He took a different way to avoid the heavy traffic.他走了另一条路来避开交通拥堵。
③. avoid sb（避开某人） 表示有意躲开不想见到的人
The little boy avoided his teacher because he didn't finish his homework.那个小男孩因为没完成作业而躲开了老师。
拓展用法avoid being done（避免被……）
We should lock the door to avoid being stolen.（我们应该锁门以防被盗。）
She wore a hat to avoid being recognized by others.（她戴了一顶帽子以免被别人认出来。）
【考点14】Dedicated her life to science and teaching young researchers.
【解析】
dedicated 是形容词，由动词 dedicate 派生而来，是描述人物奉献精神的高频词。
动词（v.）：dedicate（奉献；致力于） 过去式 / 过去分词：dedicated
形容词（adj.）：dedicated（专注的；敬业的；献身的）
名词（n.）：dedication（奉献；献身精神）
核心用法：
（1）作形容词， 意为 “敬业的；专注的；有献身精神的”，用于形容人对工作、事业或目标全身心投入。
1.作定语 Tu Youyou is a dedicated medical scientist who has saved millions of lives.（屠呦呦是一位敬业的医学科学家，拯救了数百万人的生命。）
2.作表语（与 be 动词连用） 必考固定搭配：be dedicated to sth/doing sth
高频易错点：这里的 to 是介词，后面必须接名词或动名词 (doing)，绝对不能接不定式 (to do)
Qian Xuesen was dedicated to China's aerospace industry all his life.（钱学森毕生致力于中国的航天事业。）
She is dedicated to helping poor children get a good education.她致力于帮助贫困儿童获得良好的教育。
（2）动词 dedicate 的用法 意为 “奉献；把… 用于；致力于”，结构与形容词对应，
固定搭配：dedicate oneself to sth/doing sth
Zhan Tianyou dedicated himself to building railways for his motherland.詹天佑献身于为祖国修建铁路的事业。
He dedicated all his time to his research on hybrid rice.他把所有时间都投入到杂交水稻的研究中。
（3）名词 dedication 的用法 意为 “奉献；献身精神”，是不可数名词， Her dedication to science has inspired many young people.她对科学的奉献精神激励了许多年轻人。
We admire the dedication of the doctors and nurses during the epidemic.我们敬佩疫情期间医护人员的奉献精神。
过关检测
单项选择
1.The ground ______ heavily when the earthquake happened last night.
A.shakes B. shook C. shaken D. shaking
2.Too much pressure on students may ______ many mental problems.
A. lead to B. turn to C. stick to D. belong to
3.This beautiful dress ______ her 300 dollars, but she thought it was worth it.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
4.She spoke in a low voice to ______ waking up the sleeping baby in the next room.
A. finish B. enjoy C. practice D. avoid
5._____ food and drinks to the guests at the party ______ her main responsibility yesterday.
A. Served; was B. Serving; was C. To serve; were D. Serving; were
6.We bought many fruits for the picnic, ______ apples, bananas and strawberries.
A. include B. includes C. including D. included
7.Doctors and nurses should be ____ with ____, even if they ask silly questions.
A. patient; patients B. patients; patient
C. patient; patient D. patients; patients
8.When I was a little boy, I ______ my grandfather very much and always followed him around the farm.
A. came up with B. caught up with C. looked up to D. kept up with
9.She hasn't decided ______ to go abroad for further study after finishing high school.
A.what B. whether C. that D. which
10.---Would you mind turning down the music a little My baby sister is sleeping in the next room. --- ______ . I'll do it right now.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I can’t C. Sure, I'd love to D. You're welcome
二．单词填空
1.Many people now use ________ (科学的) ways to study how the earth changes.
2.My cousin has a wonderful ______（收集，收藏） of cartoon postcards from all over the world.
3.Thanks to modern technology, deep sea ________ (探索) becomes much safer than before.
4.Many people believe that there is life somewhere else in ________ (宇宙).
5.Thomas Edison was a great American ________ (发明家) who created the light bulb.
6.Her k________ (善良) to the homeless children moved everyone in the neighborhood.
7.The writer wrote a short ________ (介绍) for his new book before Chapter One.
8.We were very tired after the long ________ (飞行，航班) from Beijing to London.
9.The scientist made an important ________ (发现) about the new medicine last month.
10.With the help of my teacher’s ________ (鼓励), I finally passed the English exam.
完形填空
Confucius(孔子) is one of the most important thinkers in Chinese history. He was1. in 551 B.C. in the State of Lu. His family was not rich when he was young. After his father died, he had to work to support his mother. 2. he had a hard life, he never stopped learning. He studied music, history, and poetry whenever he had time.
When he grew up, Confucius became a 3. and started a private school. At that time, only children from rich families could get an education. But Confucius believed that everyone should have the 4. to learn, no matter how much money their family had. So, he 5. students from all kinds of backgrounds. He taught about 3,000 students in his life, and many of them became great thinkers too.
Confucius taught people 6. kind and honest. His most famous idea is "Do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself". He also taught that we should respect the elderly and be strict 7. ourselves.
His students wrote down his words in a book called The Analects(《论语》). Even today, people all over the world still read this book. Every year, on his birthday, people hold ceremonies to 8. him. His ideas have influenced not only China but also many other countries in Asia and Europe.
Confucius showed us that true greatness comes from knowledge and kindness. His 9. are like lights that guide us through life. We should always remember his teachings and try to be 10. to others.
1.A.born B.birth C.raised D.produce
2.A.Because B.Although C.If D.When
3.A.doctor B.farmer C.teacher D.scientist
4.A.right B.duty C.habit D.reason
5.A.refused B.accepted C.forgot D.doubted
6.A.been B.to be C.being D. be
7.A.with B.at C.for D.in
8.A.remember B.forget C.name D.lose
9.A.jokes B.poverty C.words D.songs
10.A.useful B.cold C.angry D.warm
四. 阅读理解
A
On May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and his Nepalese(尼泊尔） guide Tenzing Norgay made history. They became the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest（珠穆朗玛峰）, the highest mountain in the world.This great success showed that humans could beat even the hardest natural problems.
Hillary was born in 1919 in New Zealand. As a shy teenager, he discovered his love for mountain climbing during a school trip. He trained hard and climbed many mountains in New Zealand before setting his goas on Everest. In 1953, he joined a British expedition（探险队） to climb the world's highest mountain.
The journey to the top was dangerous. The climbers faced freezing temperatures, strong winds, and thin air that made breathing very difficult. Many teams had tried and failed before them. On the morning of May 29, Hillary and Tenzing set out from their final camp. After climbing for several hours, they finally reached the summit at 11:30 a.m. They planted the flags of Britain, Nepal, India, and New Zealand on the top of the world.
Hillary and Tenzing spent only about 15 minutes at the summit because of the dangerous conditions. They then began their difficult descent（下山）. When they returned to base camp, the news of their success spread around the world. Hillary later said, "It is not the mountain we conquer(征服）, but ourselves."
Who became the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest
Two British climbers B. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
C. A team from New Zealand D. Hillary and his British guide
2.When did Hillary discover his love for mountain climbing
A. When he was a child B. During a school trip as a teenager
C. After he joined the British army D. When he first saw Mount Everest
3.What does the underlined word "summit" in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese
A. 山脚 B. 山腰 C. 山顶 D. 营地
4.Which of the following is NOT a danger the climbers faced
A. Freezing temperatures B. Strong winds C. Wild animals D. Thin air
5.What can we learn from Hillary's words in the last paragraph
A. Climbing mountains is easy
B. The most important thing is to overcome our own limitations
C. Mountains are not difficult to conquer
D. We should always climb the highest mountains
B
Mencius (孟子) is one of the most important philosophers(哲学家） in Chinese history. He was born about 2,300 years ago. People call him the "Second Sage"（亚圣） after Confucius. Like Confucius, Mencius spent most of his life traveling from state to state. He tried to teach rulers how to be good leaders.
Mencius had three famous ideas. First, he believed that human nature is good. He thought people were born kind, just like water naturally flows downward. However, if people are not educated well, they might learn to do bad things. Second, Mencius cared a lot about common people. He told rulers, "The people are the most important; the state comes second; the ruler is the least important." He wanted rulers to be kind to their people.
Mencius is also famous for his saying: "Give up life for righteousness (正义)." This means we should choose to do the right thing, even if it costs us our lives. His words are still powerful today. Students in China often learn his sayings to understand what is right and wrong.
Mencius's mother also played a big role in his life. There is a famous story about "Mencius's Mother Moves Three Times." She moved houses three times to find a good neighborhood for her son's education. This shows how important the environment is for a child's growth. Mencius's ideas continue to influence Chinese culture and education today.
1. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce Mencius and his ideas.
B. To compare Mencius with Confucius.
C. To describe ancient Chinese history.
D. To explain why Mencius was famous.
2. According to Mencius, what is human nature like
A. People are born bad. B. People are born good.
C. People are born selfish. D. People are born lazy.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as Mencius's idea
A. Human nature is good.
B. Rulers should care about people.
C. Education is not important.
D. We should choose righteousness.
4. What does the underlined phrase "Give up life for righteousness" mean
A. We should die for money.
B. We should protect the environment.
C. We should do the right thing even if we die.
D. We should listen to rulers.
5. Why did Mencius's mother move houses three times
A. Because she liked moving.
B. Because she wanted to find a better job.
C. Because she wanted to find a good environment for her son.
D. Because she didn't like their neighbors.
参考答案
一 单元词汇
1.be shaken by 2. in a car accident 3.well-respected biologist4.seed banks 5. all kinds of plant seeds 6.make sure 7. show a deep love and curiosity 8. at an early age of 15
9. radio engineering 10. become interested in 11.brave the cold weather and great heights
12. fall sick 13. train local students 14. in field research 15. provide sb.with sth.
16. leave behind 17. live on 18.on the road of scientific exploration 19.grow up
20. find out 21. on earth 22. black holes 23. lead sb.to do sth. 24. explore the secrets of universe 25. wear a mask 26.the number of patients 27. win a Noble Prize in Chemisty 28. pay for her own flying lessons 29.be known for 30. make...come true 31. It is said that 32. in fact 33. above all 34. Warring States Period mon people 36. hear the message of peace and love 37. build a community of a shared future for mankind 38. dedicated to 39. fight poverty in the countryside
40. serve the people
二 过关检测
1.单项选择题
1-5BABDB 6-10CACBC
2.单词填空题
1.scientific 2.collection 3.exploration 4.universe 5.inventor6.kindness 7.introduction 8.flight 9.discovery 10.encouragement
3.完形填空题
1-5 ABCAB 6-10BAACD
4.阅读理解题
A 篇 1-5BBCCB
B 篇 1-5ABCCC

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