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Unit 4 综合素质评价
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A river is a flowing (流动的)，moving stream of water.Usually，a river feeds water into an ocean，a lake，a pond，or even another river.Rivers can differ in size and there is no strict rule on how big a flow of water must be to be called a river.Here are the five longest rivers in the world.
The Nile River The Nile River is about 4，145 miles long.It is located in the continent (大陆) of Africa，mostly in the countries of Egypt and Sudan.It flows north into the Mediterranean Sea.
The Amazon River The Amazon River is about 4，002 miles long.It is located in the continent of South America and flows through several countries including Brazil，Venezuela，Bolivia，and Ecuador.It ends at the Atlantic Ocean.
The Yangtze River Located in China，the Yangtze River is about 3，915 miles long and flows into the East China Sea.
The Mississippi River and the Missouri River The river system of the Mississippi River and the Missouri River is the longest river system in North America at about 3，902 miles.It flows south into the Gulf of Mexico.
The Yenisei River The Yenisei River starts in Mongolia and flows through Russia into the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean.It’s about 3，445 miles long.
There are about 70 rivers in the world over 1，000 miles long.A lot of people think that rivers always flow south，but 4 of the 10 longest rivers in the world flow north.The United States alone has around 3.5 million miles of rivers.Four of the top 10 longest rivers flow through China at some points.
(　　) 1.Which is the second longest river in the world
A.The Nile River. B.The Mississippi River.
C.The Yangtze River. D.The Amazon River.
(　　) 2.How many rivers are there in the world over 1，000 miles long
A.About 10. B.About 70.
C.4. D.35.
(　　) 3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the facts above
A.A river always feeds water into an ocean.
B.All the rivers flow through China at some points.
C.The river system of the Mississippi River and the Missouri River ends at the Gulf of Mexico.
D.The Nile River is 155 miles longer than the Yangtze River.
B
(　　) 4.What can we learn about the Great Barrier Reef from Paragraph 1
①Where it is. ②How long it is.
③Why it is famous. ④What it is made up of.
A.①②③ B.①②④
C.①③④ D.②③④
(　　) 5.What does the underlined word “flooded” mean in Chinese
A.保护 B.分割
C.淹没 D.污染
(　　) 6.How many reasons does the writer give for the dying of the Great Barrier Reef
A.One. B.Two.
C.Three. D.Four.
(　　) 7.Which of the following is the best for “　 ▲ 　”
A.Why do we need the Great Barrier Reef
B.What is the history of the Great Barrier Reef
C.When is the best time to see the Great Barrier Reef
D.What can we do to help save the Great Barrier Reef
C
When it comes to the Himalayas，what do you have in mind High mountains White snow Both answers are right，but in the mountains there is a place called the Valley of Flowers and you can see a very different scene there.It is home to pretty flowers，wild plants and endangered animals.
The Valley of Flowers is in Uttarakhand，one state in the north of India.It is more than 87.5 square kilometers.There are flowers everywhere.However，these flowers are not quite the same as what we often see.They grow in high places in the mountains.There are hundreds of different kinds of flowers in this valley.They bloom (开花) between June and September.When the flowers bloom，the valley looks like a magical world with different colours.
There are also a lot of wild plants，such as trees and grass，in the Valley of Flowers.They are special.Some of 　them　 are hard to find anywhere else in the world.What’s more，some endangered animals live in the valley，like snow leopards (雪豹).
Now people have turned the Valley of Flowers into a national park.Visitors can’t build anything or live there.They can’t even stay there for too long at a time.They can only stay there for one day.It’s probably not long enough for visitors to see all the real beauty there.
(　　) 8.How does the writer start the passage
A.By asking questions. B.By telling a story.
C.By giving an example. D.By showing some numbers.
(　　) 9.What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3
A.The trees. B.The animals.
C.The flowers. D.The wild plants.
(　　) 10.What is the structure of the passage
A. B.
C. D.
(　　) 11.What’s the passage mainly about
A.It tells the facts about the Valley of Flowers.
B.It describes the beautiful scene of the Himalayas.
C.It asks more people to visit the Valley of Flowers.
D.It explains the problems of some national parks in India.
D
You must have heard of the legend (传说) of Yu Gong，who tried to move two mountains.The Taihang Mountain was one of the two mountains.
The Taihang Mountain passes through the areas of Hebei，Shanxi，Henan and Beijing.It is about 500 kilometers long.It is one of the largest mountain ranges in North China，and it was called “the backbone (脊梁) of China” in ancient times.
Many legends about the beginning of human civilization come from the Taihang area.For example，Nv Wa used stones to repair the sky to make sure that humans would have a better future; Hou Yi protected everyone by shooting the suns.
The Taihang Mountain is not only a place where the ancient stories happened，but also a place where tens of thousands of fossils (化石) were found.These fossils show how the earth has changed over time.At the same time，we can also learn about how ancient humans lived from the discoveries around the area.
Nowadays，there are natural forests around the area with beautiful colours in four seasons.In spring，the trees of Taihang Mountain will grow green leaves.In summer，the trees will become luxuriant (茂盛的) and leaves will cover the sun.In autumn，the trees in Taihang Mountain are tall and leaves turn yellow.In winter，the trees are covered with snow，like a thick white coat.You can go there whenever you want because it is beautiful all year round.
If you want to learn different things about history，culture and other important knowledge，you can come to the Taihang Mountain and feel its greatness.
(　　) 12.What was the Taihang Mountain once called
A.The roof of China. B.The roof of the world.
C.The backbone of the world. D.The backbone of China.
(　　) 13.Why does the writer write the passage
A.To introduce famous legends about the Taihang Mountain.
B.To tell people how to take a trip to the Taihang Mountain.
C.To show the Taihang Mountain is wonderful and worth visiting.
D.To encourage people to learn more knowledge about ancient history.
(　　) 14.What might be the best title for the passage
A.A great old man—Yu Gong
B.Taihang Mountain—a great treasure in China
C.Ancient stories about Taihang Mountain
D.The natural beauty in Taihang Mountain
(　　) 15.In which part of a magazine can we read the text
A.History. B.Art.
C.Technology. D.Nature.
第二节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Mount Siguniang or Mount Four Sisters is located in Sichuan Province，China.The mountain gets its name from its four peaks (山峰) close to each other.It is said that four lovely girls protected pandas from monsters (妖怪).16.　 　 The snowy mountains are the hardest for those who would like to climb.
Out of the four sisters，the youngest one is the Yaomei Peak，often called Sifeng Peak.17.　 　 The brave climbers from all over the world are trying to climb it.There is lots of large ice on the southern side and at the foot of the mountain.18.　 　.
Dafeng Peak is 5，025 meters high and is at the bottom part of Mount Siguniang.It has strange rocks above 4，000 meters.19.　 　 It is the easiest peak to climb.
Next to Dafeng Peak is Erfeng Peak，which is 5，276 meters high.Its top is always covered with snow.In summer，it looks beautiful with green trees and grass.
Sanfeng Peak is in the middle and rises to 5，335 meters.There is always some mist (雾) on the top of it.20.　 　
Besides the four famous peaks，Mount Siguniang also has lots of other mountains ready for us to find.
第二部分 语言知识应用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hukou Waterfall： Water Falls from the Sky
Hukou Waterfall is the largest yellow waterfall in the world.It is also the second largest waterfall in China next to Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou Province.
From its headwater in Qinghai Province，the Yellow River 　 21 　 all the way to the east and finally into the sea.It carries Chinese history and civilization of more than 5，000 years，　 22 　 we describe the Yellow River as China’s “Mother River”.
As it flows to Hukou Village，the river sharply narrows from 500 meters 　 23 　 to only about 30 meters.The calm water suddenly falls down into a deep pool as if thousands of wild horses run forward wildly.As a result，a wonderful waterfall 　 24 　.It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot，so the waterfall has the name Hukou — meaning the 　 25 　 of the teapot in Chinese.
The falling water brings huge smoke and clouds，with colours 　 26 　 from yellow to grey，grey to blue.People 　 27 　 this heart-shaking sight “smoke from the river”.There is also a stone under the waterfall.It moves up and down with the falling water.It is not seen all the time as the water is always changing，so people name it guishi，meaning the “mysterious stone’’.
Over history，lots of poets and painters once travelled here.They admired the 　 28 　 view，and left numerous works about the great waterfall.　 29 　 them，Li Bai’s Invitation to Wine(《将进酒》)may be the best-known.It says，“Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky，　 30 　 the sea and never come back ”
There are many wonders at Hukou Waterfall，such as smoke from the river，boats on land and rainbows in the sunshine.April and October are the best time to visit Hukou Waterfall.Why Because the water is full!
(　　) 21.A.circles B.runs C.opens D.drives
(　　) 22.A.but B.because C.so D.or
(　　) 23.A.long B.high C.wide D.low
(　　) 24.A.drops B.goes C.enters D.appears
(　　) 25.A.mouth B.shape C.bottom D.cover
(　　) 26.A.facing B.turning C.dividing D.shaking
(　　) 27.A.think B.seem C.lean D.call
(　　) 28.A.lovely B.impossible C.awful D.wonderful
(　　) 29.A.Between B.Opposite C.Among D.Across
(　　) 30.A.moving on B.rushing into C.waving to D.dancing to
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lake Natron is a lake in Tanzania，East Africa.Its water is red，and the lake is one of the 31.　 　 (salt) lakes in the world.The red colour 32.　 　 (come) from salt-loving organisms (生物) called halophiles.This is a 33.　 　 (nature) wonder，but also dangerous to many living things.
Lake Natron is very hot.And its water can reach 60℃ .The lake’s high salt levels can burn skin and even damage (损害) eyes.That’s why many animals cannot live here.But one special bird，34.　 　 flamingo，loves this lake.It builds nests on the salt islands.Every year，thousands of flamingos come here 35.　 　 (lay) eggs and raise their chicks.The lake gives them a safe home，36.　 　 few animals can reach their nests.
The lake’s beauty is 37.　 　 (change).Sometimes it looks red，sometimes pink，and sometimes silver or orange.This depends on the sunlight，temperature，and algae (藻类) in the water.Its colours change throughout the day and across seasons.Strong winds can also change the shape of the salt crusts.
People must be careful here.Walking near the lake is 38.　 　 (risk).The salt crust can break，and people can fall 39.　 　 the hot，salty water.The air around the lake sometimes smells terrible because of chemicals in the water.Still，it is a magical place to visit and study，especially for 40.　 　 (science) and photographers.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。
Wusong Island is a small magical place on the Songhua River in Jilin Province，China.It is well-known for its beautiful rime (雾凇)，one of the greatest natural wonders in China.The best time to see this amazing sight is from late December to the end of February.
So，how does rime come about The sides of the Songhua River are lined with green trees.In winter，the river creates a mist (水汽) that rises into the cold air.When this mist meets the freezing air，it turns into white frost (霜) on the trees，making them seem to be wearing white coats.When the wind blows，they shine like silver，which interests visitors from near and far.
But Wusong Island is more than just a natural wonder.It also tells the story of the deep connection between the Manchu people and the land.Winter fishing is a main activity on the island.Also，when drivers use the traditional sleigh (雪橇) to get around，they often sing Manchu old songs.When evening comes，Manchu homestays by the Songhua River light pine torches (火把) and girls dressed in traditional “Qipao-style” clothes perform the Shaman dance.
The rime is a great work of nature，while the Manchu customs are the people’s deepest connection to this island.They work together to create the magic of Wusong Island，making more and more tourists come here to visit.
41.Where is Wusong Island
_____________________________________________________________________
42.When is the best time to enjoy the rime on Wusong Island
_____________________________________________________________________
43.What will the mist on the Songhua River become when it meets the freezing air
_____________________________________________________________________
44.What is one of the main activities on Wusong Island in winter
_____________________________________________________________________
45.What is your favourite natural wonder in China And why do you like it (20词以内)
_____________________________________________________________________
第二节 写作(满分20分)
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mary听说中国地大物博、山川秀丽、风景迷人，因此暑假要来中国旅游。请你根据她的问题回复邮件。
内容要点：Which places of interest should I visit How can I get there
参考词汇：mountain，pay a visit，by plane，enjoy
要求：1.内容应包含所有提示内容，可适当发挥；2.语言表达要准确，语句要通顺；3.80词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mary，
I’m happy to hear that you are coming to visit China. _____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m sure you will have a good time there.
Yours，
Li Hua
Unit 4 综合素质评价
第一部分
第一节
A
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了世界上最长的几条河流——尼罗河、亚马孙河、长江、密西西比河和密苏里河水系，以及叶尼塞河，还有关于世界河流的一些事实。
1. D 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Here are the five longest rivers in the world.”以及表格内容可知，亚马孙河是世界上第二长河。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“There are about 70 rivers in the world over 1,000 miles long.”可知选B。
3. C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“The Mississippi River and the Missouri River”一栏中的“It flows south into the Gulf of Mexico.”可知，它止于墨西哥湾。故选C。
B
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了大堡礁的相关信息，目前存在的危险以及如何去保护它。
4. B 【点拨】信息组合题。根据“It is over 2,300 km long and lies along the northeastern coast of Australia. The reef is made up of billions of corals.”可知，第一段介绍了大堡礁在哪儿，有多长，它是由什么组成的。故选B。
5. C 【点拨】词义猜测题。根据“...the ice at the North and South Poles turned into water and flooded the land on Australia’s coast”可知，画线单词“flooded”的意思是“淹没”。故选C。
6. D 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Pollution,overfishing and over tourism”以及“the biggest danger is global warming”可知，给出了四个原因。故选D。
7. D 【点拨】信息还原题。根据“Here are some changes you can make in your own life to help:”可知，选项D“我们能做什么来帮助拯救大堡礁？”最适合。故选D。
C
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了印度北部的花谷，那里有多样花草、野生植物和濒危动物，现为国家公园，游客限留一天。
8. A 【点拨】写作方法题。根据“When it comes to the Himalayas... White snow ”可知，作者是通过提出问题来开篇的。故选A。
9. D 【点拨】代词指代题。根据“There are also a lot of wild plants,such as trees and grass”以及“Some of them are hard to find”可知，“them”指代的是野生植物。故选D。
10. B 【点拨】篇章结构题。文章第一段引出花谷，第二段介绍其位置、面积和花，第三段讲野生植物和濒危动物，第四段说它成为国家公园后的规定，整体是总分总结构。故选B。
11. A 【点拨】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了关于花谷的事实。故选A。
D
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了太行山的相关信息。
12. D 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“It is one of the largest mountain ranges... in ancient times.”可知，太行山在古代被称为“中国的脊梁”。故选D。
13. C 【点拨】写作目的题。本文主要介绍了太行山的相关信息，目的是告诉人们太行山非常好，值得一游。故选C。
14. B 【点拨】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了太行山的相关传说、太行山发现的化石的作用及该地区的景观等。故选B。
15. D 【点拨】文章出处题。本文主要介绍了太行山的相关信息，故可能在杂志的自然部分看到。故选D。
第二节
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了四姑娘山的广阔景观以及人们对其的探索。
16. F 【点拨】根据“It is said that four lovely girls protected pandas from monsters.”可知，选项F“不幸的是，她们被变成了四座特殊的白色雪山。”符合语境。故选F。
17. C 【点拨】根据“Out of the four sisters,the youngest one is the Yaomei Peak,often called Sifeng Peak.”可知，此处介绍在四姐妹中最小的幺妹峰。选项C“它高达6250米，是所有山峰中最高的。”符合语境。故选C。
18. D 【点拨】本段介绍了幺妹峰是所有山峰中最高的并且世界各地勇敢的登山者在尝试攀登它。选项D“到目前为止，幺妹峰的顶峰只被登顶过11次。”符合语境。故选D。
19. B 【点拨】根据“It has strange rocks above 4,000 meters.”可知，此处是对大姑娘峰风景的描述。选项B“然而，下面有花林。”符合语境。故选B。
20. A 【点拨】根据“There is always some mist on the top of it.”可知，选项A“并且这让它看起来既漂亮又特别。”符合语境。故选A。
第二部分
第一节
【主旨大意】本文讲述了壶口瀑布名称的来历，瀑布的美景以及文化背景。
21. B 【点拨】根据“the Yellow River”可知，此处表达的是黄河水的流动，用“runs”。故选B。
22. C 【点拨】前后是因果关系。故选C。
23. C 【点拨】根据“the river sharply narrows from 500 meters...to only about 30 meters”可知，此处讲述的是河水的宽度，用“wide”。故选C。
24. D 【点拨】根据前文“The calm water suddenly falls down into a deep pool”可知，此处讲述的是瀑布的形成，用“appears”。故选D。
25. A 【点拨】根据“the water pours down from a big teapot”及“Hukou”可知，表达的是茶壶的嘴巴，用“mouth”。故选A。
26. B 【点拨】根据“from yellow to grey,grey to blue”可知，此处表示颜色的转变，用现在分词“turning”。故选B。
27. D 【点拨】根据“this heart-shaking sight ‘smoke from the river’”可知选D。
28. D 【点拨】根据前文对于瀑布的景色的描述可知，此处表示绝妙的景色，用“wonderful”。故选D。
29. C 【点拨】根据“They admired...numerous works...them”可知，此处表示“在它们之中”，用“among”。故选C。
30. B 【点拨】根据前文中“finally into the sea”可知，此处表示黄河奔流入海中，用“rushing into”。故选B。
第二节
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了东非坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖，其湖水呈红色、含盐量极高、水温很高，对多数生物危险，却是火烈鸟理想的繁殖地。文章还描述了湖水颜色的多变性以及靠近湖泊的危险性。
31. saltiest 【点拨】salt“盐”，此处修饰名词lakes，用形容词形式salty“咸的”，“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，salty的最高级为saltiest“最咸的”。
32. comes 【点拨】come from“来自”，空处作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为The red colour，动词用第三人称单数形式comes。
33. natural 【点拨】nature“自然”，修饰名词wonder，用其形容词形式natural“自然的”。
34. the 【点拨】此处表示一类事物(火烈鸟这类鸟)，前面加定冠词the。
35. to lay 【点拨】lay“下(蛋)，产(卵)”，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是产卵和抚养幼鸟”。
36. because 【点拨】“很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴”是“湖给了它们一个安全的家”的原因，用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。
37. changeable 【点拨】句子缺表语，下文提到湖水颜色会变红、粉、银或橙色，说明它的美是多变的，用change“变化”的形容词形式changeable“多变的”。
38. risky 【点拨】be动词is后接形容词作表语，risk“危险”的形容词形式是risky“危险的”。
39. into 【点拨】fall into意为“掉入、落入”。
40. scientists 【点拨】and连接并列成分，photographers“摄影师”是复数，science“科学”对应的职业名词scientist“科学家”也用复数scientists。
第三部分
第一节
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了吉林雾凇岛的自然奇观雾凇及其形成原因，同时讲述了岛上的满族传统活动，展现了雾凇岛的独特魅力。
41. It is on the Songhua River in Jilin Province,China.
42. From late December to the end of February.
43. It turns into white frost on the trees.
44. Winter fishing.
45. My favourite is Guilin’s mountains and rivers because they are like a beautiful painting in China.(答案不唯一，合理即可)
第二节 范文：
Dear Mary,
I’m happy to hear that you are coming to visit China. The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China. It lies in the south of Anhui. Every year,thousands of Chinese people and foreigners pay a visit there. It is convenient to get there. You can go there by train or by plane.
While climbing the mountain,you can enjoy the sea of clouds,beautiful pines and unique rocks around you. What’s more,in the early morning,when the sun rises,the sky looks beautiful. You will never forget the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air.
I’m sure you will have a good time there.
Yours,
Li Hua

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