资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科译林版九上英语Unit 8 The world of literature知识清单(背诵版)目录一、核心词汇 2二、核心词组 7三、核心语法 8(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点) 8(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点) 10(三)语法练习 12四、单元书面表达总结 14(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 14(二)高分词汇/词组积累 15(三)参考范文 16(四)写作模板(万能模板) 16一、核心词汇1. literature n.文学;文学作品词形变换:形容词形式 literary(文学的)搭配:world of literature 文学世界;classic literature 经典文学;English literature 英国文学;literature review 文献综述例句:Literature is the textbook of human life.(文学是人类生活的教科书。)2. poem n.诗;诗歌词形变换:复数 poems;名词形式 poetry(诗歌,总称);名词形式 poet(诗人)搭配:write a poem 写一首诗;read a poem 读诗;a poem by Li Bai 李白的一首诗;love poem 爱情诗例句:Poems often have lovely language, but sometimes they are hard to understand.(诗歌往往有优美的语言,但有时很难理解。)3. novel n.(长篇)小说;adj. 新颖的词形变换:复数 novels;名词形式 novelist(小说家)搭配:a novel by... ……的小说;historical novel 历史小说;write a novel 写小说;best-selling novel 畅销小说例句:A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest Chinese novels.(曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是最伟大的中国小说之一。)4. play n.剧本;戏剧;v. 玩;播放词形变换:复数 plays;名词形式 player(选手;播放器);playwright(剧作家)搭配:a play by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的戏剧;act in a play 在戏剧中表演;stage a play 上演一出戏;play a role 扮演一个角色例句:Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous plays.(威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是世界上最著名的戏剧之一。)5. short story n.短篇小说词形变换:复数 short stories搭配:write a short story 写一篇短篇小说;a short story by O. Henry 欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说;collection of short stories 短篇小说集例句:A short story usually focuses on one event, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of characters and covers a short period of time.(短篇小说通常聚焦于一个事件,有单一情节、单一场景、有限的人物,涵盖的时间也很短。)6. masterpiece n.杰作;代表作词形变换:复数 masterpieces搭配:paint a masterpiece 画一幅杰作;a literary masterpiece 文学杰作;create a masterpiece 创作一件杰作;recognize a masterpiece 认出一部杰作例句:Old Behrman had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he had yet to start it.(老贝尔曼总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)7. chance n.机会;可能性词形变换:复数 chances;形容词形式 chancy(冒险的,不确定的)搭配:have a chance 有机会;by chance 偶然;take a chance 冒险;a chance of doing sth 做某事的可能性;give sb a chance 给某人一个机会例句:She has a very small chance, the doctor said to Sue.(医生对苏说:'她的希望很渺茫。')8. remain vi.剩余;继续存在;逗留;词形变换:remains(三单);remained(过去式/过去分词);remaining(现在分词/形容词,剩余的);名词形式 remains(遗迹;残余)搭配:remain silent 保持沉默;remain unchanged 保持不变;remain to be seen 还有待观察;the remaining time 剩余的时间例句:After a night of beating rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf remaining on the tree.(经过一夜狂风暴雨之后,树上还有一片深绿色的叶子。)9. classic adj.最优秀的;典型的;典雅的;n. 经典作品词形变换:复数 classics(经典作品);名词形式 classicism(古典主义);形容词形式 classical(古典的)搭配:classic example 经典范例;classic novel 经典小说;a classic of Chinese literature 中国文学的经典;become a classic 成为经典例句:The Four Great Classic Novels of Chinese literature are known all over the world.(中国文学四大名著举世闻名。)10. against prep.倚,紧靠;以……为背景;反对搭配:lean against the wall 倚靠墙壁;stand against the door 靠门站着;against the law 违法;be against 反对;play against 与……比赛例句:An old, old tree grew against the wall outside the window.(窗外一棵很老很老的树靠着墙生长。)11. apartment n.公寓套房词形变换:复数 apartments搭配:apartment building 公寓楼;live in an apartment 住在公寓里;a small apartment 一套小公寓;share an apartment 合租公寓例句:Old Behrman, who lived on the first floor of their apartment building, was also a painter.(老贝尔曼住在他们公寓楼的一层,他也是一位画家。)12. widely adv.普遍地;广泛地词形变换:形容词形式 wide(宽的;广泛的);动词形式 widen(加宽);比较级 more widely;最高级 most widely搭配:widely known 广为人知;widely used 广泛使用;widely read 阅读广泛的;widely accepted 普遍接受的例句:The poem is still widely read today.(这首诗至今仍被广泛阅读。)13. lasting adj.持久的;永恒的词形变换:动词形式 last(持续);副词形式 lastingly(持久地)搭配:lasting value 持久的价值;lasting impression 持久的印象;lasting peace 持久的和平;have a lasting effect on 对……有持久影响例句:Good literature has lasting values. Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems are good examples.(优秀的文学具有持久的价值。李白和杜甫的诗就是很好的例子。)14. unable adj.未能;无法词形变换:反义词 able(能够的);名词形式 inability(无能为力);动词形式 enable(使能够);ability(能力)搭配:be unable to do sth 无法做某事;unable to move 无法移动;unable to sleep 无法入睡例句:A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable.(一种让呼吸微弱、言语无力的爱。)15. seat vt.(使)就座;坐;n. 座位词形变换:复数 seats(座位);过去式/过去分词 seated;现在分词 seating搭配:be seated 坐下;seat oneself 坐下;take a seat 就座;have a seat 请坐例句:King Lear is seated on his throne.(李尔王坐在他的宝座上。)16. act n.(戏剧等)一幕;行为;表演;vi. 行动;表演词形变换:复数 acts;名词形式 action(行动);actor(演员);actress(女演员);activity(活动)搭配:Act 1, Scene 1 第一幕第一场;in the act of 正在做……时;act as 担任;act out 表演出来例句:A play usually contains several acts. Each act is divided into several scenes.(一部戏剧通常包含若干幕。每一幕又分为若干场。)17. writing n.著作;作品;写作词形变换:动词形式 write(写);过去式 wrote;过去分词 written;名词形式 writer(作家)搭配:creative writing 创意写作;writing skills 写作技巧;in writing 书面的;a piece of writing 一篇作品例句:Good literature is an art form of writing.(好的文学是一种写作艺术形式。)18. fool n.傻瓜;vt. 欺骗,愚弄词形变换:形容词形式 foolish(愚蠢的);副词形式 foolishly(愚蠢地)搭配:make a fool of oneself 出洋相;fool sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事;be fooled 被愚弄;April Fool 愚人节例句:Are there such fools Do people die because leaves drop off a tree (怎么会有这样的傻瓜?人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)19. anger n.愤怒;怒气词形变换:形容词形式 angry(生气的);副词形式 angrily(生气地)搭配:in anger 愤怒地;with anger 愤怒地;express anger 表达愤怒;control one's anger 控制怒气例句:There was anger in her voice.(她的声音里带着愤怒。)20. peacefully adv.平静地;安宁地词形变换:形容词形式 peaceful(平静的);名词形式 peace(和平);比较级 more peacefully;最高级 most peacefully搭配:sleep peacefully 安详地睡着;live peacefully 平静地生活;pass away peacefully 安详地去世例句:He was ill because of being out in the cold all night, and he passed away peacefully.(他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病,安详地去世了。)21. bedside n.床边搭配:at the bedside 在床边;bedside table 床头柜;by the bedside 在床边例句:Sue moved to Johnsy's bedside and asked what was the matter.(苏走到琼西的床边,问她怎么了。)22. fair n.展销会;集市;adj. 公平的;浅色的词形变换:副词形式 fairly(公平地;相当)搭配:book fair 书展;trade fair 贸易展销会;fair play 公平竞争;be fair to 对……公平例句:There is a book fair in town this week. We could go together if you are interested.(这周镇上有一个书展。如果你感兴趣,我们可以一起去。)23. show up phr v.出现;露面词形变换:过去式 showed up;过去分词 shown up/showed up搭配:show up on time 准时出现;fail to show up 未能出现;show up unexpectedly 意外出现例句:Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.(朱莉的邻居兼同学艾米丽出现在门口。)24. run out of phr v.用完;耗尽词形变换:过去式 ran out of;现在分词 running out of搭配:run out of time 时间用完;run out of money 钱花光了;run out of ideas 想不出办法了;run out of energy 精力耗尽例句:Unless we run out of time, we will all get to read our stories out loud at the end of the class.(除非时间不够,否则我们都会在课末大声朗读自己的故事。)二、核心词组1. have something/nothing to do with 与……有/没有关系用法提示:do with 常与 what 连用,have to do with 常与 something/nothing/a lot/much 等连用例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree have to do with you (这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)2. make sense 有意义;讲得通用法提示:反义短语 make no sense 毫无意义;也可说 make sense of sth 理解某事例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree have to do with you (这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)3. drop off 掉落;落下;(顺便)放下用法提示:可作及物和不及物;不及物时表示'掉落',及物时表示'把……放下'例句:Do people die because leaves drop off a tree (人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)4. lie in 在于;存在用法提示:注意与 lie on(躺在……上)、lie to(对……撒谎)区分例句:Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of 'The Last Leaf' lies in its surprise ending.(像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,《最后一片叶子》的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。)5. out in the cold 在寒冷的户外;被冷落例句:Mr Behrman died. He was ill because of being out in the cold all night.(贝尔曼先生去世了。他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病。)6. take one's time 从容不迫;慢慢来 用法提示:后面常接 doing sth 或 over sth例句:It's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you take your time, you will find the beauty in it.(一首诗起初往往很难理解,但如果你慢慢来,就会发现其中的美。)7. a number of 一些;若干(后接可数名词复数)用法提示:the number of 指'……的数量',谓语用单数;a number of 指'一些',谓语用复数(必记)例句:A number of students are reading short stories in the library.(许多学生正在图书馆读短篇小说。)8. have yet to do sth 尚未做某事;某事尚未发生用法提示:相当于 have not yet done sth,但语气更正式例句:He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he had yet to start it.(他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)9. bring sb/sth to life 使更有趣(生动);使苏醒 用法提示:life 前无冠词例句:Good actors bring their characters to life on stage.(好的演员让舞台上的角色栩栩如生。)10. steal the show 吸引更多的注意;抢风头用法提示:steal 此处不是'偷',而是'抢走'的意思例句:The young actor stole the show with his amazing performance.(那位年轻演员以出色的表演抢了风头。)11. hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)用法提示:反义短语 slow down;祈使句中常用 Hurry up! 或 Hurry up and do sth例句:Hurry up, Julie, or you will be late for school.(快点,朱莉,不然你上学要迟到了。)12. pass away 去世用法提示:比 die 更委婉的说法,属于委婉语(必记)例句:The old painter passed away peacefully after painting the last leaf for Johnsy.(那位老画家为琼西画了最后一片叶子之后安详地去世了。)三、核心语法(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点)1. 定义条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的从句。if意思是'如果、假如',用来引导条件状语从句,表示在某种条件下会发生什么。说得通俗一点——if从句告诉我们'在什么情况下',主句告诉我们'会怎样'。2. 详细用法(1)基本结构★ if + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形这就是大名鼎鼎的'主将从现'——主句用将来时(will/can/should等),if从句用一般现在时来表示将来。这是本单元最重要的语法规则,考试必考。为什么呢?因为英语里if从句虽然说的是将来的事情,但习惯上不用will,而用一般现在时来代替将来时。这个规则和汉语很不一样,所以要格外注意。例句1:If you like short stories, you will love O. Henry.(如果你喜欢短篇小说,你会喜欢欧·亨利的。)例句2:If you want to read a story with a surprise ending, you should try an O. Henry story.(如果你想读一个有意外结局的故事,你应该试试欧·亨利的故事。)例句3:If you need to find his books, you can ask the librarian where they are.(如果你需要找他的书,你可以问图书管理员它们在哪里。)(2)if从句的位置if从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,意思一样,但标点有区别——if从句在前时,从句和主句之间要用逗号隔开;if从句在后时,中间不加逗号。If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。)We will go hiking if it does not rain tomorrow.(意思完全一样,只是if从句放在后面了。)(3)主句的其他形式(必记)除了will引导的一般将来时,if条件句的主句还可以出现这些形式:① 含情态动词:If it is fine tomorrow, we can go and fly kites.(如果明天天气好,我们可以去放风筝。)② 祈使句:If you like music, do not miss the programme.(如果你喜欢音乐,不要错过这个节目。)所以主句不一定非得是will+动词原形,can/should/may等情态动词,或者直接用祈使句,都是合法的。关键是if从句中必须用一般现在时。3. 易错点总结(必记)易错点1:if从句中误用will。记住'主将从现'——if从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.易错点2:if从句在前时忘记加逗号。 If you read the book you will enjoy it. If you read the book,you will enjoy it.易错点3:主句和从句时态搭配错误。如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词,if从句仍然用一般现在时。 If you will not know the answer, ask the teacher. If you do not know the answer, ask the teacher.(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点)1. 定义unless意思是'除非;如果不',它引导的也是条件状语从句。你可以把unless理解为if...not的'升级版'——unless = if...not。也就是说,unless从句本身就带有否定的意思,所以主句通常也是否定句,形成'双重否定'表达肯定含义。2. 详细用法(1)基本结构★ unless + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形(通常含否定)和if一样,unless从句也遵循'主将从现'的规则——从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。但要注意,unless本身就有否定含义,所以主句常是否定句。例句1:She will die unless the last leaf stays on the tree.(除非最后一片叶子留在树上,否则她会死的。)例句2:You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.(除非你读到最后,否则你不会知道发生了什么。)例句3:Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.(除非你喜欢科幻小说,否则你不会喜欢这本书。)(2)unless与if...not的转换unless和if...not可以互相替换,意思不变。这是考试中常见的句型转换题型。You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.= You won't know what happens if you don't read to the end of the story.Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.= If you don't love science fiction, you won't like this book.(3)unless从句的位置和if从句一样,unless从句可以放在主句前面或后面。放在前面时,从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。(4)主句的其他形式unless条件句的主句也可以含情态动词或用祈使句,跟if条件句完全一样。① 含情态动词:He cannot see clearly unless he wears glasses.(他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。)② 祈使句:Do not touch the machine unless the teacher allows you to.(没有老师的允许,不要碰机器。)3. 易错点总结(必记)易错点1:unless从句中误用will。和if一样,unless从句也必须用一般现在时。 Unless he will write them down, he will forget things. Unless he writes them down, he will forget things.易错点2:unless本身已有否定含义,从句中不能再加not。 Unless you don't try, you won't succeed. Unless you try, you won't succeed.(除非你尝试,否则你不会成功。)易错点3:unless与if...not转换时,不要漏掉not。 Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you leave at once, you will be late. Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you don't leave at once, you will be late.(三)语法练习A. 单项选择1. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go to the book fair.A. doesn't rain B. won't rain C. didn't rain D. isn't raining2. You won't understand the story ________ you read to the end.A. if B. unless C. because D. when3. Unless he ________ harder, he won't pass the exam.A. studies B. will study C. studied D. studying4. If you ________ a poem carefully, you will find the beauty in it.A. will read B. read C. are reading D. reads5. ________ you don't like reading, you can try listening to audiobooks.A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Though6. We won't get there on time ________ we leave now.A. if B. when C. unless D. because7. If he ________ the book, he will return it to you tomorrow.A. finishes B. will finish C. finish D. finishing8. Don't give up ________ you have tried your best.A. if B. unless C. because D. after【答案与解析】1. A 考查if条件状语从句的'主将从现'。if从句用一般现在时表将来,主语it是第三人称单数,否定形式用doesn't + 动词原形。故选A。2. B 考查unless的用法。句意'除非你读到最后,否则你不会理解这个故事'。unless = if...not,符合语境。故选B。3. A 考查unless条件从句的时态。unless从句遵循'主将从现',用一般现在时。主语he是第三人称单数,动词用studies。故选A。4. B 考查if条件从句的时态。if从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形read。故选B。5. B 考查if引导条件状语从句。句意'如果你不喜欢阅读,你可以试试听有声书'。if表示'如果',unless表示'除非',此处if符合语境。故选B。6. C 考查unless的用法。句意'除非我们现在出发,否则我们不能准时到达'。unless = if...not。故选C。7. A 考查if条件从句的时态。if从句用一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,动词用finishes。故选A。8. B 考查unless的用法。句意'除非你已经尽力了,否则不要放弃'。unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. If you ________ (want) to be a writer, you should read widely and often.2. You will improve your writing skills over time if you ________ (write) every day.3. If you ________ (not put) in time and energy, it will be difficult to see progress.4. Unless she ________ (read) the poem again and again, she may not understand it.5. Unless we ________ (leave) now, we won't get there on time.6. If you ________ (not want) your readers to get bored, you should include action in your story.7. Unless they ________ (make) it all the way there, they won't get these books.8. The teacher will help you come up with a story idea unless you already ________ (have) one.【答案与解析】1. want if从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形want。2. write if从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形write。3. don't put if从句用一般现在时的否定形式,主语you对应don't + 动词原形。4. reads unless从句用一般现在时,主语she是第三人称单数,动词用reads。5. leave unless从句用一般现在时,主语we对应动词原形leave。6. don't want if从句用一般现在时的否定形式,主语you对应don't + 动词原形。7. make unless从句用一般现在时,主语they对应动词原形make。8. have unless从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形have。C. 句型转换1. If you don't try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.(用unless改写)________________________________________________________________2. Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.(用if...not改写)________________________________________________________________3. You will never know whether you can write a poem if you don't try.(用unless改写)________________________________________________________________4. We won't go to the park if it rains tomorrow.(改为unless句型)________________________________________________________________5. If you don't take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.(用unless改写)________________________________________________________________【答案与解析】1. Unless you try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.if...not可以转换为unless,注意unless本身有否定含义,所以从句中去掉don't。2. If you don't love science fiction, you won't like this book.unless = if...not,转换时将从句改为if...not,注意加上don't。3. You will never know whether you can write a poem unless you try.if...not转换为unless,从句中去掉don't,if改为unless。4. We won't go to the park unless it doesn't rain tomorrow. 或We will go to the park unless it rains tomorrow.改写时要注意句意的逻辑关系,可改主句或从句的否定形式。最直接的改法:We won't go to the park unless it doesn't rain tomorrow. 但更自然的表达是:We will go to the park unless it rains tomorrow.(除非下雨,否则我们会去公园。)5. Unless you take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.if...not转换为unless,从句去掉don't,if改为unless。四、单元书面表达总结(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)第一段(开头,1-2行)功能:交代背景(时间、地点、人物),设置场景核心句式:The scene is set in ________.(场景设定在……)[Character] is ________ when ________.(当……时,某角色正在……)第二段(中间1,3-5行对话)功能:引入冲突或问题,展开人物对话核心句式:[Character A]: What's the matter (怎么了?)[Character B]: I don't want to ________ because ________.(我不想……因为……)第三段(中间2,3-5行对话)功能:推动情节发展,出现转折点核心句式:[Stage direction: Something unexpected happens.](舞台提示:意外事件发生)[Character A]: Don't worry. If you ________, you will ________.(别担心。如果你……,你就会……)第四段(结尾,1-2行)功能:解决冲突,或留下悬念核心句式:[Character] realizes that ________.(某角色意识到……)[The doorbell rings / The lights go out.](门铃响了/灯灭了——用舞台提示营造悬念)(二)高分词汇/词组积累高分词汇替换good → outstanding 杰出的 例:an outstanding performancesad → heartbreaking 令人心碎的 例:a heartbreaking storyimportant → meaningful 有意义的 例:a meaningful experiencesurprising → unexpected 出乎意料的 例:an unexpected endinglike → be fond of 喜爱 例:be fond of readingshow → reflect 反映 例:reflect the beauty of life高分词组① be set in 以……为背景② be full of 充满③ cannot help doing 忍不住做某事④ leave a deep impression on 给……留下深刻印象⑤ come up with 想出;提出⑥ remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事⑦ make up one's mind 下定决心⑧ give up 放弃(三)参考范文Act 1, Scene 2Emily's bedroom at Julie's house[Emily is standing at the door, holding a book. Julie is sitting on her bed, looking out of the window.]Emily: Hi, Julie! I am Emily, your neighbour. I saw you walking to school alone this morning. Are you new here Julie: Yes, I just moved here last week. I do not know anyone at this school.Emily: Do not worry! If you come with me, I will introduce you to my friends. We are all very friendly.Julie: Really That is so kind of you. Unless someone talks to me first, I am usually too shy to speak.Emily: I understand. I used to be shy too. But unless you take the first step, you will never make new e on, let us go!Julie: [smiling] OK. Thank you, Emily.[They walk out of the door together. The lights dim.](四)写作模板(万能模板)Act ________, Scene ________________(场景地点)[________(舞台提示:描述人物动作和环境)]________(角色A): ________(表明自己的基本态度/问题)________(角色B): ________(回应,提供建议或安慰)________(角色A): ________(表达犹豫或担忧)________(角色B): If you ________(建议1), you will ________(可能的结果). Unless you ________(建议2), you will not ________(不采取行动的后果).________(角色A): [________(舞台提示:态度变化)] ________(接受建议/做出决定)[________(舞台提示:情节转折/悬念结尾)]/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科译林版九上英语Unit 8 The world of literature知识清单(默写版)目录一、核心词汇 2二、核心词组 7三、核心语法 9(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点) 9(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点) 10(三)语法练习 12四、单元书面表达总结 13(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 13(二)高分词汇/词组积累 14(三)参考范文 15(四)写作模板(万能模板) 15一、核心词汇1. literature n.文学;文学作品词形变换:形容词形式 ________(文学的)搭配:world of ________ 文学世界;classic ________ 经典文学;English________英国文学;________ review 文献综述例句:________ is the textbook of human life.(文学是人类生活的教科书。)2. poem n.诗;诗歌词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(诗歌,总称);名词形式 ______(诗人)搭配:write a ________ 写一首诗;read a ________ 读诗;a ________ by Li Bai 李白的一首诗;love ________ 爱情诗例句:________ often have lovely language, but sometimes they are hard to understand.(诗歌往往有优美的语言,但有时很难理解。)3. novel n.(长篇)小说;adj. 新颖的词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(小说家)搭配:a ________ by... ……的小说;historical ________历史小说;write a ________ 写小说;best-selling________ 畅销小说例句:A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest Chinese ________.(曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是最伟大的中国小说之一。)4. play n.剧本;戏剧;v. 玩;播放词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(选手;播放器);________(剧作家)搭配:a ________ by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的戏剧;act in a ________ 在戏剧中表演;stage a ________ 上演一出戏;________ a role 扮演一个角色例句:Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous ________.(威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是世界上最著名的戏剧之一。)5. short story n.短篇小说词形变换:复数 short ________搭配:write a short ________ 写一篇短篇小说;a short ________ by O. Henry 欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说;collection of short ________ 短篇小说集例句:A short ________ usually focuses on one event, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of characters and covers a short period of time.(短篇小说通常聚焦于一个事件,有单一情节、单一场景、有限的人物,涵盖的时间也很短。)6. masterpiece n.杰作;代表作词形变换:复数 ________搭配:paint a ________ 画一幅杰作;a literary masterpiece 文学杰作;create a ________创作一件杰作;recognize a ________认出一部杰作例句:Old Behrman had always talked of painting a ________, but he had yet to start it.(老贝尔曼总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)7. chance n.机会;可能性词形变换:复数 ________;形容词形式 ________(冒险的,不确定的)搭配:have a ________ 有机会;by ________ 偶然;take a ________ 冒险;a ________ of doing sth 做某事的可能性;give sb a ________ 给某人一个机会例句:She has a very small ______, the doctor said to Sue.(医生对苏说:'她的希望很渺茫。')8. remain vi.剩余;继续存在;逗留;词形变换:________(三单);________(过去式/过去分词);________(现在分词/形容词,剩余的);名词形式 ________(遗迹;残余)搭配:________ silent 保持沉默;________ unchanged 保持不变;________ to be seen 还有待观察;the________ time 剩余的时间例句:After a night of beating rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf ________ on the tree.(经过一夜狂风暴雨之后,树上还有一片深绿色的叶子。)9. classic adj.最优秀的;典型的;典雅的;n. 经典作品词形变换:复数 ________(经典作品);名词形式 ________(古典主义);形容词形式 ________(古典的)搭配:________ example 经典范例;________ novel 经典小说;a ________ of Chinese literature 中国文学的经典;become a ________ 成为经典例句:The Four Great ________ Novels of Chinese literature are known all over the world.(中国文学四大名著举世闻名。)10. against prep.倚,紧靠;以……为背景;反对搭配:lean ________ the wall 倚靠墙壁;stand ________ the door 靠门站着;________ the law 违法;be ________ 反对;play ________ 与……比赛例句:An old, old tree grew ________the wall outside the window.(窗外一棵很老很老的树靠着墙生长。)11. apartment n.公寓套房词形变换:复数 ________搭配:________ building 公寓楼;live in an ________住在公寓里;a small ________一套小公寓;share an ________ 合租公寓例句:Old Behrman, who lived on the first floor of their ________ building, was also a painter.(老贝尔曼住在他们公寓楼的一层,他也是一位画家。)12. widely adv.普遍地;广泛地词形变换:形容词形式 ________(宽的;广泛的);动词形式 ________(加宽);比较级 more widely;最高级 most widely搭配:________known 广为人知;________ used 广泛使用;________read 阅读广泛的;________ accepted 普遍接受的例句:The poem is still ________ read today.(这首诗至今仍被广泛阅读。)13. lasting adj.持久的;永恒的词形变换:动词形式 ________(持续);副词形式 ________(持久地)搭配:________ value 持久的价值;________ impression 持久的印象;________ peace 持久的和平;have a ________ effect on 对……有持久影响例句:Good literature has ________ values. Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems are good examples.(优秀的文学具有持久的价值。李白和杜甫的诗就是很好的例子。)14. unable adj.未能;无法词形变换:反义词 ________(能够的);名词形式 ________(无能为力);动词形式 ________(使能够);________(能力)搭配:be________ to do sth 无法做某事;________ to move 无法移动;________ to sleep 无法入睡例句:A love that makes breath poor, and speech ______.(一种让呼吸微弱、言语无力的爱。)15. seat vt.(使)就座;坐;n. 座位词形变换:复数 ________(座位);过去式/过去分词________;现在分词 seating搭配:be________ 坐下;________ oneself 坐下;take a________ 就座;have a________ 请坐例句:King Lear is ________ on his throne.(李尔王坐在他的宝座上。)16. act n.(戏剧等)一幕;行为;表演;vi. 行动;表演词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(行动);________(演员);________(女演员);________(活动)搭配:Act 1, Scene 1 第一幕第一场;in the act of 正在做……时;act as 担任;act out 表演出来例句:A play usually contains several ________. Each act is divided into several scenes.(一部戏剧通常包含若干幕。每一幕又分为若干场。)17. writing n.著作;作品;写作词形变换:动词形式 ________(写);过去式 ________;过去分词 ________;名词形式 ________(作家)搭配:creative ________创意写作;________skills 写作技巧;in ________ 书面的;a piece of ________一篇作品例句:Good literature is an art form of ________.(好的文学是一种写作艺术形式。)18. fool n.傻瓜;vt. 欺骗,愚弄词形变换:形容词形式 ________(愚蠢的);副词形式 ________(愚蠢地)搭配:make a ________ of oneself 出洋相;________sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事;be ________被愚弄;April Fool 愚人节例句:Are there such ________ Do people die because leaves drop off a tree (怎么会有这样的傻瓜?人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)19. anger n.愤怒;怒气词形变换:形容词形式 ________(生气的);副词形式 ________(生气地)搭配:in ________ 愤怒地;with ________ 愤怒地;express ________ 表达愤怒;control one's ________ 控制怒气例句:There was ________ in her voice.(她的声音里带着愤怒。)20. peacefully adv.平静地;安宁地词形变换:形容词形式 ________(平静的);名词形式 ________(和平);比较级 more peacefully;最高级 most peacefully搭配:sleep ________安详地睡着;live ________ 平静地生活;pass away ________ 安详地去世例句:He was ill because of being out in the cold all night, and he passed away ________.(他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病,安详地去世了。)21. bedside n.床边搭配:at the ________在床边;________ table 床头柜;by the ________ 在床边例句:Sue moved to Johnsy's ________ and asked what was the matter.(苏走到琼西的床边,问她怎么了。)22. fair n.展销会;集市;adj. 公平的;浅色的词形变换:副词形式 ________(公平地;相当)搭配:book ________书展;trade ________ 贸易展销会;________ play 公平竞争;be________ to 对……公平例句:There is a book ________ in town this week. We could go together if you are interested.(这周镇上有一个书展。如果你感兴趣,我们可以一起去。)23. show up phr v.出现;露面词形变换:过去式 ________ up;过去分词 ________ up/showed up搭配:show up on time 准时出现;fail to show up 未能出现;show up unexpectedly 意外出现例句:Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.(朱莉的邻居兼同学艾米丽出现在门口。)24. run out of phr v.用完;耗尽词形变换:过去式 ________ out of;现在分词 ________ out of搭配:run out of time 时间用完;run out of money 钱花光了;run out of ideas 想不出办法了;run out of energy 精力耗尽例句:Unless we ____ out of time, we will all get to read our stories out loud at the end of the class.(除非时间不够,否则我们都会在课末大声朗读自己的故事。)二、核心词组1. have something/nothing to do with 与……有/没有关系用法提示:do with 常与 what 连用,have to do with 常与 something/nothing/a lot/much 等连用例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree ________ to do ________ you (这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)2. make sense 有意义;讲得通用法提示:反义短语 make no sense 毫无意义;也可说 make sense of sth 理解某事例句:It doesn't ________________. What does an old tree have to do with you (这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)3. drop off 掉落;落下;(顺便)放下用法提示:可作及物和不及物;不及物时表示'掉落',及物时表示'把……放下'例句:Do people die because leaves ________________ a tree (人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)4. lie in 在于;存在用法提示:注意与 lie on(躺在……上)、lie to(对……撒谎)区分例句:Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of 'The Last Leaf' ________ its surprise ending.(像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,《最后一片叶子》的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。)5. out in the cold 在寒冷的户外;被冷落例句:Mr Behrman died. He was ill because of being ________________ all night.(贝尔曼先生去世了。他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病。)6. take one's time 从容不迫;慢慢来 用法提示:后面常接 doing sth 或 over sth例句:It's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you ________________, you will find the beauty in it.(一首诗起初往往很难理解,但如果你慢慢来,就会发现其中的美。)7. a number of 一些;若干(后接可数名词复数)用法提示:the number of 指'……的数量',谓语用单数;a number of 指'一些',谓语用复数(必记)例句:________________ students are reading short stories in the library.(许多学生正在图书馆读短篇小说。)8. have yet to do sth 尚未做某事;某事尚未发生用法提示:相当于 have not yet done sth,但语气更正式例句:He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he ________________ start it.(他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)9. bring sb/sth to life 使更有趣(生动);使苏醒 用法提示:life 前无冠词例句:Good actors ________ their characters ________ on stage.(好的演员让舞台上的角色栩栩如生。)10. steal the show 吸引更多的注意;抢风头用法提示:steal 此处不是'偷',而是'抢走'的意思例句:The young actor ________________ with his amazing performance.(那位年轻演员以出色的表演抢了风头。)11. hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)用法提示:反义短语 slow down;祈使句中常用 Hurry up! 或 Hurry up and do sth例句:________, Julie, or you will be late for school.(快点,朱莉,不然你上学要迟到了。)12. pass away 去世用法提示:比 die 更委婉的说法,属于委婉语(必记)例句:The old painter ________________peacefully after painting the last leaf for Johnsy.(那位老画家为琼西画了最后一片叶子之后安详地去世了。)三、核心语法(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点)1. 定义条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的从句。if意思是'如果、假如',用来引导条件状语从句,表示在某种条件下会发生什么。说得通俗一点——if从句告诉我们'在什么情况下',主句告诉我们'会怎样'。2. 详细用法(1)基本结构★ if + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形这就是大名鼎鼎的'主将从现'——主句用将来时(will/can/should等),if从句用一般现在时来表示将来。这是本单元最重要的语法规则,考试必考。为什么呢?因为英语里if从句虽然说的是将来的事情,但习惯上不用will,而用一般现在时来代替将来时。这个规则和汉语很不一样,所以要格外注意。例句1:If you ________ short stories, you________ O. Henry.(如果你喜欢短篇小说,你会喜欢欧·亨利的。)例句2:If you ________ to read a story with a surprise ending, you ________ an O. Henry story.(如果你想读一个有意外结局的故事,你应该试试欧·亨利的故事。)例句3:If you ________ to find his books, you ________ the librarian where they are.(如果你需要找他的书,你可以问图书管理员它们在哪里。)(2)if从句的位置if从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,意思一样,但标点有区别——if从句在前时,从句和主句之间要用逗号隔开;if从句在后时,中间不加逗号。If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。)We will go hiking if it does not rain tomorrow.(意思完全一样,只是if从句放在后面了。)(3)主句的其他形式(必记)除了will引导的一般将来时,if条件句的主句还可以出现这些形式:① 含情态动词:If it is fine tomorrow, we ________ and fly kites.(如果明天天气好,我们可以去放风筝。)② 祈使句:If you like music, ________________ the programme.(如果你喜欢音乐,不要错过这个节目。)所以主句不一定非得是will+动词原形,can/should/may等情态动词,或者直接用祈使句,都是合法的。关键是if从句中必须用一般现在时。3. 易错点总结(必记)易错点1:if从句中误用will。记住'主将从现'——if从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home. If it ________ tomorrow, we will stay at home.易错点2:if从句在前时忘记加逗号。 If you read the book you will enjoy it. If you read the book,you will enjoy it.易错点3:主句和从句时态搭配错误。如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词,if从句仍然用一般现在时。 If you will not know the answer, ask the teacher. If you ________________ the answer, ask the teacher.(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点)1. 定义unless意思是'除非;如果不',它引导的也是条件状语从句。你可以把unless理解为if...not的'升级版'——unless = if...not。也就是说,unless从句本身就带有否定的意思,所以主句通常也是否定句,形成'双重否定'表达肯定含义。2. 详细用法(1)基本结构★ unless + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形(通常含否定)和if一样,unless从句也遵循'主将从现'的规则——从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。但要注意,unless本身就有否定含义,所以主句常是否定句。例句1:She ________ unless the last leaf ________ on the tree.(除非最后一片叶子留在树上,否则她会死的。)例句2:You ________ what happens unless you ________ to the end of the story.(除非你读到最后,否则你不会知道发生了什么。)例句3:Unless you________ science fiction, you ________ this book.(除非你喜欢科幻小说,否则你不会喜欢这本书。)(2)unless与if...not的转换unless和if...not可以互相替换,意思不变。这是考试中常见的句型转换题型。You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.= You won't know what happens ________________ to the end of the story.Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.= ________________ science fiction, you won't like this book.(3)unless从句的位置和if从句一样,unless从句可以放在主句前面或后面。放在前面时,从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。(4)主句的其他形式unless条件句的主句也可以含情态动词或用祈使句,跟if条件句完全一样。① 含情态动词:He ________ clearly unless he ________ glasses.(他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。)② 祈使句:________________ the machine unless the teacher________ you to.(没有老师的允许,不要碰机器。)3. 易错点总结(必记)易错点1:unless从句中误用will。和if一样,unless从句也必须用一般现在时。 Unless he will write them down, he will forget things. Unless he ________them down, he will forget things.易错点2:unless本身已有否定含义,从句中不能再加not。 Unless you don't try, you won't succeed. Unless you ________, you won't succeed.(除非你尝试,否则你不会成功。)易错点3:unless与if...not转换时,不要漏掉not。 Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you leave at once, you will be late. Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you ________ at once, you will be late.(三)语法练习A. 单项选择1. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go to the book fair.A. doesn't rain B. won't rain C. didn't rain D. isn't raining2. You won't understand the story ________ you read to the end.A. if B. unless C. because D. when3. Unless he ________ harder, he won't pass the exam.A. studies B. will study C. studied D. studying4. If you ________ a poem carefully, you will find the beauty in it.A. will read B. read C. are reading D. reads5. ________ you don't like reading, you can try listening to audiobooks.A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Though6. We won't get there on time ________ we leave now.A. if B. when C. unless D. because7. If he ________ the book, he will return it to you tomorrow.A. finishes B. will finish C. finish D. finishing8. Don't give up ________ you have tried your best.A. if B. unless C. because D. afterB. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. If you ________ (want) to be a writer, you should read widely and often.2. You will improve your writing skills over time if you ________ (write) every day.3. If you ________ (not put) in time and energy, it will be difficult to see progress.4. Unless she ________ (read) the poem again and again, she may not understand it.5. Unless we ________ (leave) now, we won't get there on time.6. If you ________ (not want) your readers to get bored, you should include action in your story.7. Unless they ________ (make) it all the way there, they won't get these books.8. The teacher will help you come up with a story idea unless you already ________ (have) one.C. 句型转换1. If you don't try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.(用unless改写)________________________________________________________________2. Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.(用if...not改写)________________________________________________________________3. You will never know whether you can write a poem if you don't try.(用unless改写)________________________________________________________________4. We won't go to the park if it rains tomorrow.(改为unless句型)________________________________________________________________5. If you don't take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.(用unless改写)________________________________________________________________四、单元书面表达总结(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)第一段(开头,1-2行)功能:交代背景(时间、地点、人物),设置场景核心句式:The scene is set in ________.(场景设定在……)[Character] is ________ when ________.(当……时,某角色正在……)第二段(中间1,3-5行对话)功能:引入冲突或问题,展开人物对话核心句式:[Character A]: What's the matter (怎么了?)[Character B]: I don't want to ________ because ________.(我不想……因为……)第三段(中间2,3-5行对话)功能:推动情节发展,出现转折点核心句式:[Stage direction: Something unexpected happens.](舞台提示:意外事件发生)[Character A]: Don't worry. If you ________, you will ________.(别担心。如果你……,你就会……)第四段(结尾,1-2行)功能:解决冲突,或留下悬念核心句式:[Character] realizes that ________.(某角色意识到……)[The doorbell rings / The lights go out.](门铃响了/灯灭了——用舞台提示营造悬念)(二)高分词汇/词组积累高分词汇替换good → outstanding 杰出的 例:an outstanding performancesad → heartbreaking 令人心碎的 例:a heartbreaking storyimportant → meaningful 有意义的 例:a meaningful experiencesurprising → unexpected 出乎意料的 例:an unexpected endinglike → be fond of 喜爱 例:be fond of readingshow → reflect 反映 例:reflect the beauty of life高分词组① be set in 以……为背景② be full of 充满③ cannot help doing 忍不住做某事④ leave a deep impression on 给……留下深刻印象⑤ come up with 想出;提出⑥ remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事⑦ make up one's mind 下定决心⑧ give up 放弃(三)参考范文Act 1, Scene 2Emily's bedroom at Julie's house[Emily is standing at the door, holding a book. Julie is sitting on her bed, looking out of the window.]Emily: Hi, Julie! I am Emily, your neighbour. I saw you walking to school alone this morning. Are you new here Julie: Yes, I just moved here last week. I do not know anyone at this school.Emily: Do not worry! If you come with me, I will introduce you to my friends. We are all very friendly.Julie: Really That is so kind of you. Unless someone talks to me first, I am usually too shy to speak.Emily: I understand. I used to be shy too. But unless you take the first step, you will never make new e on, let us go!Julie: [smiling] OK. Thank you, Emily.[They walk out of the door together. The lights dim.](四)写作模板(万能模板)Act ________, Scene ________________(场景地点)[________(舞台提示:描述人物动作和环境)]________(角色A): ________(表明自己的基本态度/问题)________(角色B): ________(回应,提供建议或安慰)________(角色A): ________(表达犹豫或担忧)________(角色B): If you ________(建议1), you will ________(可能的结果). Unless you ________(建议2), you will not ________(不采取行动的后果).________(角色A): [________(舞台提示:态度变化)] ________(接受建议/做出决定)[________(舞台提示:情节转折/悬念结尾)] 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 译林版新版九上英语Unit 8 The World Of Literature 知识清单背诵版.docx 译林版新版九上英语Unit 8 The World Of Literature 知识清单默写版.docx