译林版新版九上英语Unit 8 The World Of Literature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

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译林版新版九上英语Unit 8 The World Of Literature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

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译林版九上英语Unit 8 The world of literature
知识清单(背诵版)
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心词组 7
三、核心语法 8
(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点) 8
(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点) 10
(三)语法练习 12
四、单元书面表达总结 14
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 14
(二)高分词汇/词组积累 15
(三)参考范文 16
(四)写作模板(万能模板) 16
一、核心词汇
1. literature n.文学;文学作品
词形变换:形容词形式 literary(文学的)
搭配:world of literature 文学世界;classic literature 经典文学;English literature 英国文学;literature review 文献综述
例句:Literature is the textbook of human life.(文学是人类生活的教科书。)
2. poem n.诗;诗歌
词形变换:复数 poems;名词形式 poetry(诗歌,总称);名词形式 poet(诗人)
搭配:write a poem 写一首诗;read a poem 读诗;a poem by Li Bai 李白的一首诗;love poem 爱情诗
例句:Poems often have lovely language, but sometimes they are hard to understand.
(诗歌往往有优美的语言,但有时很难理解。)
3. novel n.(长篇)小说;adj. 新颖的
词形变换:复数 novels;名词形式 novelist(小说家)
搭配:a novel by... ……的小说;historical novel 历史小说;write a novel 写小说;best-selling novel 畅销小说
例句:A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest Chinese novels.
(曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是最伟大的中国小说之一。)
4. play n.剧本;戏剧;v. 玩;播放
词形变换:复数 plays;名词形式 player(选手;播放器);playwright(剧作家)
搭配:a play by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的戏剧;act in a play 在戏剧中表演;stage a play 上演一出戏;play a role 扮演一个角色
例句:Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous plays.
(威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是世界上最著名的戏剧之一。)
5. short story n.短篇小说
词形变换:复数 short stories
搭配:write a short story 写一篇短篇小说;a short story by O. Henry 欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说;collection of short stories 短篇小说集
例句:A short story usually focuses on one event, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of characters and covers a short period of time.
(短篇小说通常聚焦于一个事件,有单一情节、单一场景、有限的人物,涵盖的时间也很短。)
6. masterpiece n.杰作;代表作
词形变换:复数 masterpieces
搭配:paint a masterpiece 画一幅杰作;a literary masterpiece 文学杰作;create a masterpiece 创作一件杰作;recognize a masterpiece 认出一部杰作
例句:Old Behrman had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he had yet to start it.
(老贝尔曼总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)
7. chance n.机会;可能性
词形变换:复数 chances;形容词形式 chancy(冒险的,不确定的)
搭配:have a chance 有机会;by chance 偶然;take a chance 冒险;a chance of doing sth 做某事的可能性;give sb a chance 给某人一个机会
例句:She has a very small chance, the doctor said to Sue.(医生对苏说:'她的希望很渺茫。')
8. remain vi.剩余;继续存在;逗留;
词形变换:remains(三单);remained(过去式/过去分词);remaining(现在分词/形容词,剩余的);名词形式 remains(遗迹;残余)
搭配:remain silent 保持沉默;remain unchanged 保持不变;remain to be seen 还有待观察;the remaining time 剩余的时间
例句:After a night of beating rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf remaining on the tree.(经过一夜狂风暴雨之后,树上还有一片深绿色的叶子。)
9. classic adj.最优秀的;典型的;典雅的;n. 经典作品
词形变换:复数 classics(经典作品);名词形式 classicism(古典主义);形容词形式 classical(古典的)
搭配:classic example 经典范例;classic novel 经典小说;a classic of Chinese literature 中国文学的经典;become a classic 成为经典
例句:The Four Great Classic Novels of Chinese literature are known all over the world.
(中国文学四大名著举世闻名。)
10. against prep.倚,紧靠;以……为背景;反对
搭配:lean against the wall 倚靠墙壁;stand against the door 靠门站着;against the law 违法;be against 反对;play against 与……比赛
例句:An old, old tree grew against the wall outside the window.
(窗外一棵很老很老的树靠着墙生长。)
11. apartment n.公寓套房
词形变换:复数 apartments
搭配:apartment building 公寓楼;live in an apartment 住在公寓里;a small apartment 一套小公寓;share an apartment 合租公寓
例句:Old Behrman, who lived on the first floor of their apartment building, was also a painter.
(老贝尔曼住在他们公寓楼的一层,他也是一位画家。)
12. widely adv.普遍地;广泛地
词形变换:形容词形式 wide(宽的;广泛的);动词形式 widen(加宽);比较级 more widely;最高级 most widely
搭配:widely known 广为人知;widely used 广泛使用;widely read 阅读广泛的;widely accepted 普遍接受的
例句:The poem is still widely read today.(这首诗至今仍被广泛阅读。)
13. lasting adj.持久的;永恒的
词形变换:动词形式 last(持续);副词形式 lastingly(持久地)
搭配:lasting value 持久的价值;lasting impression 持久的印象;lasting peace 持久的和平;have a lasting effect on 对……有持久影响
例句:Good literature has lasting values. Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems are good examples.
(优秀的文学具有持久的价值。李白和杜甫的诗就是很好的例子。)
14. unable adj.未能;无法
词形变换:反义词 able(能够的);名词形式 inability(无能为力);动词形式 enable(使能够);ability(能力)
搭配:be unable to do sth 无法做某事;unable to move 无法移动;unable to sleep 无法入睡
例句:A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable.(一种让呼吸微弱、言语无力的爱。)
15. seat vt.(使)就座;坐;n. 座位
词形变换:复数 seats(座位);过去式/过去分词 seated;现在分词 seating
搭配:be seated 坐下;seat oneself 坐下;take a seat 就座;have a seat 请坐
例句:King Lear is seated on his throne.(李尔王坐在他的宝座上。)
16. act n.(戏剧等)一幕;行为;表演;vi. 行动;表演
词形变换:复数 acts;名词形式 action(行动);actor(演员);actress(女演员);activity(活动)
搭配:Act 1, Scene 1 第一幕第一场;in the act of 正在做……时;act as 担任;act out 表演出来
例句:A play usually contains several acts. Each act is divided into several scenes.
(一部戏剧通常包含若干幕。每一幕又分为若干场。)
17. writing n.著作;作品;写作
词形变换:动词形式 write(写);过去式 wrote;过去分词 written;名词形式 writer(作家)
搭配:creative writing 创意写作;writing skills 写作技巧;in writing 书面的;a piece of writing 一篇作品
例句:Good literature is an art form of writing.(好的文学是一种写作艺术形式。)
18. fool n.傻瓜;vt. 欺骗,愚弄
词形变换:形容词形式 foolish(愚蠢的);副词形式 foolishly(愚蠢地)
搭配:make a fool of oneself 出洋相;fool sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事;be fooled 被愚弄;April Fool 愚人节
例句:Are there such fools Do people die because leaves drop off a tree
(怎么会有这样的傻瓜?人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)
19. anger n.愤怒;怒气
词形变换:形容词形式 angry(生气的);副词形式 angrily(生气地)
搭配:in anger 愤怒地;with anger 愤怒地;express anger 表达愤怒;control one's anger 控制怒气
例句:There was anger in her voice.(她的声音里带着愤怒。)
20. peacefully adv.平静地;安宁地
词形变换:形容词形式 peaceful(平静的);名词形式 peace(和平);比较级 more peacefully;最高级 most peacefully
搭配:sleep peacefully 安详地睡着;live peacefully 平静地生活;pass away peacefully 安详地去世
例句:He was ill because of being out in the cold all night, and he passed away peacefully.
(他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病,安详地去世了。)
21. bedside n.床边
搭配:at the bedside 在床边;bedside table 床头柜;by the bedside 在床边
例句:Sue moved to Johnsy's bedside and asked what was the matter.
(苏走到琼西的床边,问她怎么了。)
22. fair n.展销会;集市;adj. 公平的;浅色的
词形变换:副词形式 fairly(公平地;相当)
搭配:book fair 书展;trade fair 贸易展销会;fair play 公平竞争;be fair to 对……公平
例句:There is a book fair in town this week. We could go together if you are interested.
(这周镇上有一个书展。如果你感兴趣,我们可以一起去。)
23. show up phr v.出现;露面
词形变换:过去式 showed up;过去分词 shown up/showed up
搭配:show up on time 准时出现;fail to show up 未能出现;show up unexpectedly 意外出现
例句:Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.
(朱莉的邻居兼同学艾米丽出现在门口。)
24. run out of phr v.用完;耗尽
词形变换:过去式 ran out of;现在分词 running out of
搭配:run out of time 时间用完;run out of money 钱花光了;run out of ideas 想不出办法了;run out of energy 精力耗尽
例句:Unless we run out of time, we will all get to read our stories out loud at the end of the class.
(除非时间不够,否则我们都会在课末大声朗读自己的故事。)
二、核心词组
1. have something/nothing to do with 与……有/没有关系
用法提示:do with 常与 what 连用,have to do with 常与 something/nothing/a lot/much 等连用
例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree have to do with you
(这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)
2. make sense 有意义;讲得通
用法提示:反义短语 make no sense 毫无意义;也可说 make sense of sth 理解某事
例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree have to do with you
(这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)
3. drop off 掉落;落下;(顺便)放下
用法提示:可作及物和不及物;不及物时表示'掉落',及物时表示'把……放下'
例句:Do people die because leaves drop off a tree (人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)
4. lie in 在于;存在
用法提示:注意与 lie on(躺在……上)、lie to(对……撒谎)区分
例句:Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of 'The Last Leaf' lies in its surprise ending.
(像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,《最后一片叶子》的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。)
5. out in the cold 在寒冷的户外;被冷落
例句:Mr Behrman died. He was ill because of being out in the cold all night.
(贝尔曼先生去世了。他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病。)
6. take one's time 从容不迫;慢慢来 用法提示:后面常接 doing sth 或 over sth
例句:It's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you take your time, you will find the beauty in it.(一首诗起初往往很难理解,但如果你慢慢来,就会发现其中的美。)
7. a number of 一些;若干(后接可数名词复数)
用法提示:the number of 指'……的数量',谓语用单数;a number of 指'一些',谓语用复数(必记)
例句:A number of students are reading short stories in the library.
(许多学生正在图书馆读短篇小说。)
8. have yet to do sth 尚未做某事;某事尚未发生
用法提示:相当于 have not yet done sth,但语气更正式
例句:He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he had yet to start it.
(他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)
9. bring sb/sth to life 使更有趣(生动);使苏醒 用法提示:life 前无冠词
例句:Good actors bring their characters to life on stage.
(好的演员让舞台上的角色栩栩如生。)
10. steal the show 吸引更多的注意;抢风头
用法提示:steal 此处不是'偷',而是'抢走'的意思
例句:The young actor stole the show with his amazing performance.
(那位年轻演员以出色的表演抢了风头。)
11. hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)
用法提示:反义短语 slow down;祈使句中常用 Hurry up! 或 Hurry up and do sth
例句:Hurry up, Julie, or you will be late for school.(快点,朱莉,不然你上学要迟到了。)
12. pass away 去世
用法提示:比 die 更委婉的说法,属于委婉语(必记)
例句:The old painter passed away peacefully after painting the last leaf for Johnsy.
(那位老画家为琼西画了最后一片叶子之后安详地去世了。)
三、核心语法
(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点)
1. 定义
条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的从句。if意思是'如果、假如',用来引导条件状语从句,表示在某种条件下会发生什么。说得通俗一点——if从句告诉我们'在什么情况下',主句告诉我们'会怎样'。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ if + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形
这就是大名鼎鼎的'主将从现'——主句用将来时(will/can/should等),if从句用一般现在时来表示将来。这是本单元最重要的语法规则,考试必考。为什么呢?因为英语里if从句虽然说的是将来的事情,但习惯上不用will,而用一般现在时来代替将来时。这个规则和汉语很不一样,所以要格外注意。
例句1:If you like short stories, you will love O. Henry.
(如果你喜欢短篇小说,你会喜欢欧·亨利的。)
例句2:If you want to read a story with a surprise ending, you should try an O. Henry story.
(如果你想读一个有意外结局的故事,你应该试试欧·亨利的故事。)
例句3:If you need to find his books, you can ask the librarian where they are.
(如果你需要找他的书,你可以问图书管理员它们在哪里。)
(2)if从句的位置
if从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,意思一样,但标点有区别——if从句在前时,从句和主句之间要用逗号隔开;if从句在后时,中间不加逗号。
If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。)
We will go hiking if it does not rain tomorrow.(意思完全一样,只是if从句放在后面了。)
(3)主句的其他形式(必记)
除了will引导的一般将来时,if条件句的主句还可以出现这些形式:
① 含情态动词:If it is fine tomorrow, we can go and fly kites.
(如果明天天气好,我们可以去放风筝。)
② 祈使句:If you like music, do not miss the programme.
(如果你喜欢音乐,不要错过这个节目。)
所以主句不一定非得是will+动词原形,can/should/may等情态动词,或者直接用祈使句,都是合法的。关键是if从句中必须用一般现在时。
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:if从句中误用will。记住'主将从现'——if从句用一般现在时表将来。
If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
易错点2:if从句在前时忘记加逗号。
If you read the book you will enjoy it.
If you read the book,you will enjoy it.
易错点3:主句和从句时态搭配错误。如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词,if从句仍然用一般现在时。
If you will not know the answer, ask the teacher.
If you do not know the answer, ask the teacher.
(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点)
1. 定义
unless意思是'除非;如果不',它引导的也是条件状语从句。你可以把unless理解为if...not的'升级版'——unless = if...not。也就是说,unless从句本身就带有否定的意思,所以主句通常也是否定句,形成'双重否定'表达肯定含义。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ unless + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形(通常含否定)
和if一样,unless从句也遵循'主将从现'的规则——从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。但要注意,unless本身就有否定含义,所以主句常是否定句。
例句1:She will die unless the last leaf stays on the tree.
(除非最后一片叶子留在树上,否则她会死的。)
例句2:You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.
(除非你读到最后,否则你不会知道发生了什么。)
例句3:Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.
(除非你喜欢科幻小说,否则你不会喜欢这本书。)
(2)unless与if...not的转换
unless和if...not可以互相替换,意思不变。这是考试中常见的句型转换题型。
You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.
= You won't know what happens if you don't read to the end of the story.
Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.
= If you don't love science fiction, you won't like this book.
(3)unless从句的位置
和if从句一样,unless从句可以放在主句前面或后面。放在前面时,从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
(4)主句的其他形式
unless条件句的主句也可以含情态动词或用祈使句,跟if条件句完全一样。
① 含情态动词:He cannot see clearly unless he wears glasses.
(他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。)
② 祈使句:Do not touch the machine unless the teacher allows you to.
(没有老师的允许,不要碰机器。)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:unless从句中误用will。和if一样,unless从句也必须用一般现在时。
Unless he will write them down, he will forget things.
Unless he writes them down, he will forget things.
易错点2:unless本身已有否定含义,从句中不能再加not。
Unless you don't try, you won't succeed.
Unless you try, you won't succeed.(除非你尝试,否则你不会成功。)
易错点3:unless与if...not转换时,不要漏掉not。
Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you leave at once, you will be late.
Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you don't leave at once, you will be late.
(三)语法练习
A. 单项选择
1. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go to the book fair.
A. doesn't rain B. won't rain C. didn't rain D. isn't raining
2. You won't understand the story ________ you read to the end.
A. if B. unless C. because D. when
3. Unless he ________ harder, he won't pass the exam.
A. studies B. will study C. studied D. studying
4. If you ________ a poem carefully, you will find the beauty in it.
A. will read B. read C. are reading D. reads
5. ________ you don't like reading, you can try listening to audiobooks.
A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Though
6. We won't get there on time ________ we leave now.
A. if B. when C. unless D. because
7. If he ________ the book, he will return it to you tomorrow.
A. finishes B. will finish C. finish D. finishing
8. Don't give up ________ you have tried your best.
A. if B. unless C. because D. after
【答案与解析】
1. A 考查if条件状语从句的'主将从现'。if从句用一般现在时表将来,主语it是第三人称单数,否定形式用doesn't + 动词原形。故选A。
2. B 考查unless的用法。句意'除非你读到最后,否则你不会理解这个故事'。unless = if...not,符合语境。故选B。
3. A 考查unless条件从句的时态。unless从句遵循'主将从现',用一般现在时。主语he是第三人称单数,动词用studies。故选A。
4. B 考查if条件从句的时态。if从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形read。故选B。
5. B 考查if引导条件状语从句。句意'如果你不喜欢阅读,你可以试试听有声书'。if表示'如果',unless表示'除非',此处if符合语境。故选B。
6. C 考查unless的用法。句意'除非我们现在出发,否则我们不能准时到达'。unless = if...not。故选C。
7. A 考查if条件从句的时态。if从句用一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,动词用finishes。故选A。
8. B 考查unless的用法。句意'除非你已经尽力了,否则不要放弃'。unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. If you ________ (want) to be a writer, you should read widely and often.
2. You will improve your writing skills over time if you ________ (write) every day.
3. If you ________ (not put) in time and energy, it will be difficult to see progress.
4. Unless she ________ (read) the poem again and again, she may not understand it.
5. Unless we ________ (leave) now, we won't get there on time.
6. If you ________ (not want) your readers to get bored, you should include action in your story.
7. Unless they ________ (make) it all the way there, they won't get these books.
8. The teacher will help you come up with a story idea unless you already ________ (have) one.
【答案与解析】
1. want if从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形want。
2. write if从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形write。
3. don't put if从句用一般现在时的否定形式,主语you对应don't + 动词原形。
4. reads unless从句用一般现在时,主语she是第三人称单数,动词用reads。
5. leave unless从句用一般现在时,主语we对应动词原形leave。
6. don't want if从句用一般现在时的否定形式,主语you对应don't + 动词原形。
7. make unless从句用一般现在时,主语they对应动词原形make。
8. have unless从句用一般现在时,主语you对应动词原形have。
C. 句型转换
1. If you don't try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
2. Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.(用if...not改写)
________________________________________________________________
3. You will never know whether you can write a poem if you don't try.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
4. We won't go to the park if it rains tomorrow.(改为unless句型)
________________________________________________________________
5. If you don't take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
1. Unless you try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.
if...not可以转换为unless,注意unless本身有否定含义,所以从句中去掉don't。
2. If you don't love science fiction, you won't like this book.
unless = if...not,转换时将从句改为if...not,注意加上don't。
3. You will never know whether you can write a poem unless you try.
if...not转换为unless,从句中去掉don't,if改为unless。
4. We won't go to the park unless it doesn't rain tomorrow. 或We will go to the park unless it rains tomorrow.
改写时要注意句意的逻辑关系,可改主句或从句的否定形式。最直接的改法:We won't go to the park unless it doesn't rain tomorrow. 但更自然的表达是:We will go to the park unless it rains tomorrow.(除非下雨,否则我们会去公园。)
5. Unless you take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.
if...not转换为unless,从句去掉don't,if改为unless。
四、单元书面表达总结
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
第一段(开头,1-2行)
功能:交代背景(时间、地点、人物),设置场景
核心句式:
The scene is set in ________.(场景设定在……)
[Character] is ________ when ________.(当……时,某角色正在……)
第二段(中间1,3-5行对话)
功能:引入冲突或问题,展开人物对话
核心句式:
[Character A]: What's the matter (怎么了?)
[Character B]: I don't want to ________ because ________.(我不想……因为……)
第三段(中间2,3-5行对话)
功能:推动情节发展,出现转折点
核心句式:
[Stage direction: Something unexpected happens.](舞台提示:意外事件发生)
[Character A]: Don't worry. If you ________, you will ________.(别担心。如果你……,你就会……)
第四段(结尾,1-2行)
功能:解决冲突,或留下悬念
核心句式:
[Character] realizes that ________.(某角色意识到……)
[The doorbell rings / The lights go out.](门铃响了/灯灭了——用舞台提示营造悬念)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换
good → outstanding 杰出的 例:an outstanding performance
sad → heartbreaking 令人心碎的 例:a heartbreaking story
important → meaningful 有意义的 例:a meaningful experience
surprising → unexpected 出乎意料的 例:an unexpected ending
like → be fond of 喜爱 例:be fond of reading
show → reflect 反映 例:reflect the beauty of life
高分词组
① be set in 以……为背景
② be full of 充满
③ cannot help doing 忍不住做某事
④ leave a deep impression on 给……留下深刻印象
⑤ come up with 想出;提出
⑥ remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
⑦ make up one's mind 下定决心
⑧ give up 放弃
(三)参考范文
Act 1, Scene 2
Emily's bedroom at Julie's house
[Emily is standing at the door, holding a book. Julie is sitting on her bed, looking out of the window.]
Emily: Hi, Julie! I am Emily, your neighbour. I saw you walking to school alone this morning. Are you new here
Julie: Yes, I just moved here last week. I do not know anyone at this school.
Emily: Do not worry! If you come with me, I will introduce you to my friends. We are all very friendly.
Julie: Really That is so kind of you. Unless someone talks to me first, I am usually too shy to speak.
Emily: I understand. I used to be shy too. But unless you take the first step, you will never make new e on, let us go!
Julie: [smiling] OK. Thank you, Emily.
[They walk out of the door together. The lights dim.]
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
Act ________, Scene ________
________(场景地点)
[________(舞台提示:描述人物动作和环境)]
________(角色A): ________(表明自己的基本态度/问题)
________(角色B): ________(回应,提供建议或安慰)
________(角色A): ________(表达犹豫或担忧)
________(角色B): If you ________(建议1), you will ________(可能的结果). Unless you ________(建议2), you will not ________(不采取行动的后果).
________(角色A): [________(舞台提示:态度变化)] ________(接受建议/做出决定)
[________(舞台提示:情节转折/悬念结尾)]/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
译林版九上英语Unit 8 The world of literature
知识清单(默写版)
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心词组 7
三、核心语法 9
(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点) 9
(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点) 10
(三)语法练习 12
四、单元书面表达总结 13
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 13
(二)高分词汇/词组积累 14
(三)参考范文 15
(四)写作模板(万能模板) 15
一、核心词汇
1. literature n.文学;文学作品
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(文学的)
搭配:world of ________ 文学世界;classic ________ 经典文学;English________英国文学;________ review 文献综述
例句:________ is the textbook of human life.(文学是人类生活的教科书。)
2. poem n.诗;诗歌
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(诗歌,总称);名词形式 ______(诗人)
搭配:write a ________ 写一首诗;read a ________ 读诗;a ________ by Li Bai 李白的一首诗;love ________ 爱情诗
例句:________ often have lovely language, but sometimes they are hard to understand.
(诗歌往往有优美的语言,但有时很难理解。)
3. novel n.(长篇)小说;adj. 新颖的
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(小说家)
搭配:a ________ by... ……的小说;historical ________历史小说;write a ________ 写小说;best-selling________ 畅销小说
例句:A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest Chinese ________.
(曹雪芹的《红楼梦》是最伟大的中国小说之一。)
4. play n.剧本;戏剧;v. 玩;播放
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(选手;播放器);________(剧作家)
搭配:a ________ by Shakespeare 莎士比亚的戏剧;act in a ________ 在戏剧中表演;stage a ________ 上演一出戏;________ a role 扮演一个角色
例句:Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the world's most famous ________.
(威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是世界上最著名的戏剧之一。)
5. short story n.短篇小说
词形变换:复数 short ________
搭配:write a short ________ 写一篇短篇小说;a short ________ by O. Henry 欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说;collection of short ________ 短篇小说集
例句:A short ________ usually focuses on one event, has a single plot, a single setting, a limited number of characters and covers a short period of time.
(短篇小说通常聚焦于一个事件,有单一情节、单一场景、有限的人物,涵盖的时间也很短。)
6. masterpiece n.杰作;代表作
词形变换:复数 ________
搭配:paint a ________ 画一幅杰作;a literary masterpiece 文学杰作;create a ________创作一件杰作;recognize a ________认出一部杰作
例句:Old Behrman had always talked of painting a ________, but he had yet to start it.
(老贝尔曼总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)
7. chance n.机会;可能性
词形变换:复数 ________;形容词形式 ________(冒险的,不确定的)
搭配:have a ________ 有机会;by ________ 偶然;take a ________ 冒险;a ________ of doing sth 做某事的可能性;give sb a ________ 给某人一个机会
例句:She has a very small ______, the doctor said to Sue.(医生对苏说:'她的希望很渺茫。')
8. remain vi.剩余;继续存在;逗留;
词形变换:________(三单);________(过去式/过去分词);________(现在分词/形容词,剩余的);名词形式 ________(遗迹;残余)
搭配:________ silent 保持沉默;________ unchanged 保持不变;________ to be seen 还有待观察;the________ time 剩余的时间
例句:After a night of beating rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf ________ on the tree.(经过一夜狂风暴雨之后,树上还有一片深绿色的叶子。)
9. classic adj.最优秀的;典型的;典雅的;n. 经典作品
词形变换:复数 ________(经典作品);名词形式 ________(古典主义);形容词形式 ________(古典的)
搭配:________ example 经典范例;________ novel 经典小说;a ________ of Chinese literature 中国文学的经典;become a ________ 成为经典
例句:The Four Great ________ Novels of Chinese literature are known all over the world.
(中国文学四大名著举世闻名。)
10. against prep.倚,紧靠;以……为背景;反对
搭配:lean ________ the wall 倚靠墙壁;stand ________ the door 靠门站着;________ the law 违法;be ________ 反对;play ________ 与……比赛
例句:An old, old tree grew ________the wall outside the window.
(窗外一棵很老很老的树靠着墙生长。)
11. apartment n.公寓套房
词形变换:复数 ________
搭配:________ building 公寓楼;live in an ________住在公寓里;a small ________一套小公寓;share an ________ 合租公寓
例句:Old Behrman, who lived on the first floor of their ________ building, was also a painter.
(老贝尔曼住在他们公寓楼的一层,他也是一位画家。)
12. widely adv.普遍地;广泛地
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(宽的;广泛的);动词形式 ________(加宽);比较级 more widely;最高级 most widely
搭配:________known 广为人知;________ used 广泛使用;________read 阅读广泛的;________ accepted 普遍接受的
例句:The poem is still ________ read today.(这首诗至今仍被广泛阅读。)
13. lasting adj.持久的;永恒的
词形变换:动词形式 ________(持续);副词形式 ________(持久地)
搭配:________ value 持久的价值;________ impression 持久的印象;________ peace 持久的和平;have a ________ effect on 对……有持久影响
例句:Good literature has ________ values. Li Bai's and Du Fu's poems are good examples.
(优秀的文学具有持久的价值。李白和杜甫的诗就是很好的例子。)
14. unable adj.未能;无法
词形变换:反义词 ________(能够的);名词形式 ________(无能为力);动词形式 ________(使能够);________(能力)
搭配:be________ to do sth 无法做某事;________ to move 无法移动;________ to sleep 无法入睡
例句:A love that makes breath poor, and speech ______.(一种让呼吸微弱、言语无力的爱。)
15. seat vt.(使)就座;坐;n. 座位
词形变换:复数 ________(座位);过去式/过去分词________;现在分词 seating
搭配:be________ 坐下;________ oneself 坐下;take a________ 就座;have a________ 请坐
例句:King Lear is ________ on his throne.(李尔王坐在他的宝座上。)
16. act n.(戏剧等)一幕;行为;表演;vi. 行动;表演
词形变换:复数 ________;名词形式 ________(行动);________(演员);________(女演员);________(活动)
搭配:Act 1, Scene 1 第一幕第一场;in the act of 正在做……时;act as 担任;act out 表演出来
例句:A play usually contains several ________. Each act is divided into several scenes.
(一部戏剧通常包含若干幕。每一幕又分为若干场。)
17. writing n.著作;作品;写作
词形变换:动词形式 ________(写);过去式 ________;过去分词 ________;名词形式 ________(作家)
搭配:creative ________创意写作;________skills 写作技巧;in ________ 书面的;a piece of ________一篇作品
例句:Good literature is an art form of ________.(好的文学是一种写作艺术形式。)
18. fool n.傻瓜;vt. 欺骗,愚弄
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(愚蠢的);副词形式 ________(愚蠢地)
搭配:make a ________ of oneself 出洋相;________sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事;be ________被愚弄;April Fool 愚人节
例句:Are there such ________ Do people die because leaves drop off a tree
(怎么会有这样的傻瓜?人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)
19. anger n.愤怒;怒气
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(生气的);副词形式 ________(生气地)
搭配:in ________ 愤怒地;with ________ 愤怒地;express ________ 表达愤怒;control one's ________ 控制怒气
例句:There was ________ in her voice.(她的声音里带着愤怒。)
20. peacefully adv.平静地;安宁地
词形变换:形容词形式 ________(平静的);名词形式 ________(和平);比较级 more peacefully;最高级 most peacefully
搭配:sleep ________安详地睡着;live ________ 平静地生活;pass away ________ 安详地去世
例句:He was ill because of being out in the cold all night, and he passed away ________.
(他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病,安详地去世了。)
21. bedside n.床边
搭配:at the ________在床边;________ table 床头柜;by the ________ 在床边
例句:Sue moved to Johnsy's ________ and asked what was the matter.
(苏走到琼西的床边,问她怎么了。)
22. fair n.展销会;集市;adj. 公平的;浅色的
词形变换:副词形式 ________(公平地;相当)
搭配:book ________书展;trade ________ 贸易展销会;________ play 公平竞争;be________ to 对……公平
例句:There is a book ________ in town this week. We could go together if you are interested.
(这周镇上有一个书展。如果你感兴趣,我们可以一起去。)
23. show up phr v.出现;露面
词形变换:过去式 ________ up;过去分词 ________ up/showed up
搭配:show up on time 准时出现;fail to show up 未能出现;show up unexpectedly 意外出现
例句:Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.
(朱莉的邻居兼同学艾米丽出现在门口。)
24. run out of phr v.用完;耗尽
词形变换:过去式 ________ out of;现在分词 ________ out of
搭配:run out of time 时间用完;run out of money 钱花光了;run out of ideas 想不出办法了;run out of energy 精力耗尽
例句:Unless we ____ out of time, we will all get to read our stories out loud at the end of the class.
(除非时间不够,否则我们都会在课末大声朗读自己的故事。)
二、核心词组
1. have something/nothing to do with 与……有/没有关系
用法提示:do with 常与 what 连用,have to do with 常与 something/nothing/a lot/much 等连用
例句:It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree ________ to do ________ you
(这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)
2. make sense 有意义;讲得通
用法提示:反义短语 make no sense 毫无意义;也可说 make sense of sth 理解某事
例句:It doesn't ________________. What does an old tree have to do with you
(这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系?)
3. drop off 掉落;落下;(顺便)放下
用法提示:可作及物和不及物;不及物时表示'掉落',及物时表示'把……放下'
例句:Do people die because leaves ________________ a tree (人会因为树叶掉落而死吗?)
4. lie in 在于;存在
用法提示:注意与 lie on(躺在……上)、lie to(对……撒谎)区分
例句:Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of 'The Last Leaf' ________ its surprise ending.
(像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,《最后一片叶子》的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。)
5. out in the cold 在寒冷的户外;被冷落
例句:Mr Behrman died. He was ill because of being ________________ all night.
(贝尔曼先生去世了。他因为在寒冷的户外待了一整夜而生病。)
6. take one's time 从容不迫;慢慢来 用法提示:后面常接 doing sth 或 over sth
例句:It's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you ________________, you will find the beauty in it.(一首诗起初往往很难理解,但如果你慢慢来,就会发现其中的美。)
7. a number of 一些;若干(后接可数名词复数)
用法提示:the number of 指'……的数量',谓语用单数;a number of 指'一些',谓语用复数(必记)
例句:________________ students are reading short stories in the library.
(许多学生正在图书馆读短篇小说。)
8. have yet to do sth 尚未做某事;某事尚未发生
用法提示:相当于 have not yet done sth,但语气更正式
例句:He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he ________________ start it.
(他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。)
9. bring sb/sth to life 使更有趣(生动);使苏醒 用法提示:life 前无冠词
例句:Good actors ________ their characters ________ on stage.
(好的演员让舞台上的角色栩栩如生。)
10. steal the show 吸引更多的注意;抢风头
用法提示:steal 此处不是'偷',而是'抢走'的意思
例句:The young actor ________________ with his amazing performance.
(那位年轻演员以出色的表演抢了风头。)
11. hurry up 赶快;急忙(做某事)
用法提示:反义短语 slow down;祈使句中常用 Hurry up! 或 Hurry up and do sth
例句:________, Julie, or you will be late for school.(快点,朱莉,不然你上学要迟到了。)
12. pass away 去世
用法提示:比 die 更委婉的说法,属于委婉语(必记)
例句:The old painter ________________peacefully after painting the last leaf for Johnsy.
(那位老画家为琼西画了最后一片叶子之后安详地去世了。)
三、核心语法
(一)if引导的条件状语从句(必考易错点)
1. 定义
条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的从句。if意思是'如果、假如',用来引导条件状语从句,表示在某种条件下会发生什么。说得通俗一点——if从句告诉我们'在什么情况下',主句告诉我们'会怎样'。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ if + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形
这就是大名鼎鼎的'主将从现'——主句用将来时(will/can/should等),if从句用一般现在时来表示将来。这是本单元最重要的语法规则,考试必考。为什么呢?因为英语里if从句虽然说的是将来的事情,但习惯上不用will,而用一般现在时来代替将来时。这个规则和汉语很不一样,所以要格外注意。
例句1:If you ________ short stories, you________ O. Henry.
(如果你喜欢短篇小说,你会喜欢欧·亨利的。)
例句2:If you ________ to read a story with a surprise ending, you ________ an O. Henry story.
(如果你想读一个有意外结局的故事,你应该试试欧·亨利的故事。)
例句3:If you ________ to find his books, you ________ the librarian where they are.
(如果你需要找他的书,你可以问图书管理员它们在哪里。)
(2)if从句的位置
if从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面,意思一样,但标点有区别——if从句在前时,从句和主句之间要用逗号隔开;if从句在后时,中间不加逗号。
If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.(如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。)
We will go hiking if it does not rain tomorrow.(意思完全一样,只是if从句放在后面了。)
(3)主句的其他形式(必记)
除了will引导的一般将来时,if条件句的主句还可以出现这些形式:
① 含情态动词:If it is fine tomorrow, we ________ and fly kites.
(如果明天天气好,我们可以去放风筝。)
② 祈使句:If you like music, ________________ the programme.
(如果你喜欢音乐,不要错过这个节目。)
所以主句不一定非得是will+动词原形,can/should/may等情态动词,或者直接用祈使句,都是合法的。关键是if从句中必须用一般现在时。
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:if从句中误用will。记住'主将从现'——if从句用一般现在时表将来。
If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
If it ________ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
易错点2:if从句在前时忘记加逗号。
If you read the book you will enjoy it.
If you read the book,you will enjoy it.
易错点3:主句和从句时态搭配错误。如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词,if从句仍然用一般现在时。
If you will not know the answer, ask the teacher.
If you ________________ the answer, ask the teacher.
(二)unless引导的条件状语从句(单元重点)
1. 定义
unless意思是'除非;如果不',它引导的也是条件状语从句。你可以把unless理解为if...not的'升级版'——unless = if...not。也就是说,unless从句本身就带有否定的意思,所以主句通常也是否定句,形成'双重否定'表达肯定含义。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ unless + 一般现在时,主句 + will/can/should + 动词原形(通常含否定)
和if一样,unless从句也遵循'主将从现'的规则——从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时。但要注意,unless本身就有否定含义,所以主句常是否定句。
例句1:She ________ unless the last leaf ________ on the tree.
(除非最后一片叶子留在树上,否则她会死的。)
例句2:You ________ what happens unless you ________ to the end of the story.
(除非你读到最后,否则你不会知道发生了什么。)
例句3:Unless you________ science fiction, you ________ this book.
(除非你喜欢科幻小说,否则你不会喜欢这本书。)
(2)unless与if...not的转换
unless和if...not可以互相替换,意思不变。这是考试中常见的句型转换题型。
You won't know what happens unless you read to the end of the story.
= You won't know what happens ________________ to the end of the story.
Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.
= ________________ science fiction, you won't like this book.
(3)unless从句的位置
和if从句一样,unless从句可以放在主句前面或后面。放在前面时,从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。
(4)主句的其他形式
unless条件句的主句也可以含情态动词或用祈使句,跟if条件句完全一样。
① 含情态动词:He ________ clearly unless he ________ glasses.
(他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。)
② 祈使句:________________ the machine unless the teacher________ you to.
(没有老师的允许,不要碰机器。)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:unless从句中误用will。和if一样,unless从句也必须用一般现在时。
Unless he will write them down, he will forget things.
Unless he ________them down, he will forget things.
易错点2:unless本身已有否定含义,从句中不能再加not。
Unless you don't try, you won't succeed.
Unless you ________, you won't succeed.(除非你尝试,否则你不会成功。)
易错点3:unless与if...not转换时,不要漏掉not。
Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you leave at once, you will be late.
Unless you leave at once, you will be late. = If you ________ at once, you will be late.
(三)语法练习
A. 单项选择
1. If it ________ tomorrow, we will go to the book fair.
A. doesn't rain B. won't rain C. didn't rain D. isn't raining
2. You won't understand the story ________ you read to the end.
A. if B. unless C. because D. when
3. Unless he ________ harder, he won't pass the exam.
A. studies B. will study C. studied D. studying
4. If you ________ a poem carefully, you will find the beauty in it.
A. will read B. read C. are reading D. reads
5. ________ you don't like reading, you can try listening to audiobooks.
A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Though
6. We won't get there on time ________ we leave now.
A. if B. when C. unless D. because
7. If he ________ the book, he will return it to you tomorrow.
A. finishes B. will finish C. finish D. finishing
8. Don't give up ________ you have tried your best.
A. if B. unless C. because D. after
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. If you ________ (want) to be a writer, you should read widely and often.
2. You will improve your writing skills over time if you ________ (write) every day.
3. If you ________ (not put) in time and energy, it will be difficult to see progress.
4. Unless she ________ (read) the poem again and again, she may not understand it.
5. Unless we ________ (leave) now, we won't get there on time.
6. If you ________ (not want) your readers to get bored, you should include action in your story.
7. Unless they ________ (make) it all the way there, they won't get these books.
8. The teacher will help you come up with a story idea unless you already ________ (have) one.
C. 句型转换
1. If you don't try reading poetry, you may not realize how much you enjoy it.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
2. Unless you love science fiction, you won't like this book.(用if...not改写)
________________________________________________________________
3. You will never know whether you can write a poem if you don't try.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
4. We won't go to the park if it rains tomorrow.(改为unless句型)
________________________________________________________________
5. If you don't take your time reading a poem, you may not understand it fully.(用unless改写)
________________________________________________________________
四、单元书面表达总结
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
第一段(开头,1-2行)
功能:交代背景(时间、地点、人物),设置场景
核心句式:
The scene is set in ________.(场景设定在……)
[Character] is ________ when ________.(当……时,某角色正在……)
第二段(中间1,3-5行对话)
功能:引入冲突或问题,展开人物对话
核心句式:
[Character A]: What's the matter (怎么了?)
[Character B]: I don't want to ________ because ________.(我不想……因为……)
第三段(中间2,3-5行对话)
功能:推动情节发展,出现转折点
核心句式:
[Stage direction: Something unexpected happens.](舞台提示:意外事件发生)
[Character A]: Don't worry. If you ________, you will ________.(别担心。如果你……,你就会……)
第四段(结尾,1-2行)
功能:解决冲突,或留下悬念
核心句式:
[Character] realizes that ________.(某角色意识到……)
[The doorbell rings / The lights go out.](门铃响了/灯灭了——用舞台提示营造悬念)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换
good → outstanding 杰出的 例:an outstanding performance
sad → heartbreaking 令人心碎的 例:a heartbreaking story
important → meaningful 有意义的 例:a meaningful experience
surprising → unexpected 出乎意料的 例:an unexpected ending
like → be fond of 喜爱 例:be fond of reading
show → reflect 反映 例:reflect the beauty of life
高分词组
① be set in 以……为背景
② be full of 充满
③ cannot help doing 忍不住做某事
④ leave a deep impression on 给……留下深刻印象
⑤ come up with 想出;提出
⑥ remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
⑦ make up one's mind 下定决心
⑧ give up 放弃
(三)参考范文
Act 1, Scene 2
Emily's bedroom at Julie's house
[Emily is standing at the door, holding a book. Julie is sitting on her bed, looking out of the window.]
Emily: Hi, Julie! I am Emily, your neighbour. I saw you walking to school alone this morning. Are you new here
Julie: Yes, I just moved here last week. I do not know anyone at this school.
Emily: Do not worry! If you come with me, I will introduce you to my friends. We are all very friendly.
Julie: Really That is so kind of you. Unless someone talks to me first, I am usually too shy to speak.
Emily: I understand. I used to be shy too. But unless you take the first step, you will never make new e on, let us go!
Julie: [smiling] OK. Thank you, Emily.
[They walk out of the door together. The lights dim.]
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
Act ________, Scene ________
________(场景地点)
[________(舞台提示:描述人物动作和环境)]
________(角色A): ________(表明自己的基本态度/问题)
________(角色B): ________(回应,提供建议或安慰)
________(角色A): ________(表达犹豫或担忧)
________(角色B): If you ________(建议1), you will ________(可能的结果). Unless you ________(建议2), you will not ________(不采取行动的后果).
________(角色A): [________(舞台提示:态度变化)] ________(接受建议/做出决定)
[________(舞台提示:情节转折/悬念结尾)]

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