人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 知识清单 (背诵版+默写版)

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人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 知识清单 (背诵版+默写版)

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人教版九年级上册 Unit 5 Power of Ideas
知识清单(默写版)
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心词组 11
三、核心语法 被动语态(单元重点,必考易错点) 13
1. 定义 13
2. 详细用法 13
3. 主动语态 → 被动语态转换 15
4. 被动语态的使用场景 16
5. 易错点总结(必记) 16
6. 语法练习 17
四、书面表达 18
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 18
(二)高分词汇/词组积累 20
(三)参考范文 20
(四)写作模板(万能模板) 21
一、核心词汇
1. invention n发明;发明物
词形变换:_______________(v. 发明);_______________(n. 发明家)
搭配:a great _______________ 一项伟大的发明;the _______________ of …… 的发明;an _______________ that changed the world 一项改变世界的发明
例句:Papermaking was one of the most important _______________ in history.
(造纸术是历史上最重要的发明之一。)
2. invent v发明
词形变换:_______________(n. 发明;发明物);_______________(n. 发明家)
搭配:_______________ sth. 发明某物;be _______________ by sb. 由某人发明;be _______________ in + 年份 在某年被发明
例句:The telephone was _______________ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
(电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。)
3. inventor n发明家
词形变换:_______________(v. 发明);_______________(n. 发明;发明物)
搭配:a famous _______________ 一位著名的发明家;the _______________ of …… 的发明者
例句:Cai Lun was the ___________ of a new kind of paper.(蔡伦是一种新型纸的发明者。)
4. create v创造;创建
词形变换:_______________(n. 创造;作品);_______________(n. 创造者);_______________(adj. 有创造力的)
搭配:_______________ sth. new 创造新事物;_______________ a better world 创造更美好的世界;be _______________ by 由……创造
例句:Different methods for _______________ something to write on were tried.
(尝试了各种方法来创造可以书写的东西。)
5. creative adj有创造力的;创造性的
词形变换:_______________(v. 创造);_______________(n. 创造;作品);_______________(adv. 创造性地)
搭配:a _______________ idea 一个有创意的想法;_______________ thinking 创造性思维;be _______________ in 在……方面有创造力
例句:Cai Lun got a _______________ idea from past experiences.
(蔡伦从过去的经验中获得了一个有创意的想法。)
6. design v./n设计
词形变换:_______________(n. 设计师)
搭配:be _______________ for 为……而设计;be _______________ to do 被设计用来做……;_______________ a machine 设计一台机器
例句:Super See is a pair of sunglasses _______________ to help people read.
(Super See是一副旨在帮助人们阅读的太阳镜。)
7. produce v生产;制造
词形变换:_______________(n. 产品);_______________(n. 生产;产量);_______________(adj. 多产的)
搭配:_______________ sth. 生产某物;be _______________ in 在某地生产;_______________ a new kind of 制造一种新的……
例句:He _______________ a glue that was really weak.(他制造了一种非常弱的胶水。)
8. product n产品;制品
词形变换:_______________(v. 生产);_______________(n. 生产;产量)
搭配:a new _______________ 一款新产品;sell _______________ online 在网上卖产品;local _______________ 本地产品
例句:We can now sell local _______________ to tourists.
(我们现在可以把本地产品卖给游客。)
9. experiment n实验;试验
词形变换:_______________(adj. 实验的);_______________(adv. 实验性地)
搭配:do/carry out an _______________ 做实验;in the _______________ 在实验中;the result of the _______________ 实验结果
例句:In the first step of Cai Lun's _______________, all the ingredients were mixed.
(在蔡伦实验的第一步,所有原料被混合在一起。)
10. collection n收集;收藏品
词形变换:_________(v. 收集);___________(n. 收藏家);___________(adj. 集体的)
搭配:a ___________ of 一批……的收藏;___________ information 收集信息;___________ data 收集数据
例句:Paper is used for ___________ and spreading information.(纸被用于收集和传播信息。)
11. spread v传播;展开
词形变换:_______________(过去式和过去分词不变)
搭配:_______________ to 传播到……;_______________ around the world 传遍世界;the rapid _______________ of …… 的迅速传播
例句:It first ___________ to China's neighbouring countries.(它首先传播到中国的邻国。)
12. shape v./n塑造;形状
词形变换:_______________(adj. 匀称的)
搭配:_______________ the world 塑造世界;_______________ our modern world 塑造我们的现代世界;in the _______________ of 呈……的形状
例句:Papermaking ___________ our modern world.(造纸术塑造了我们的现代世界。)
13. material n材料;原料
搭配:different _______________ 不同的材料;building _______________ 建筑材料;a special _______________ 一种特殊材料
例句:Many different _______________ were used to write on in ancient China.
(在中国古代,许多不同的材料被用来书写。)
14. boil v煮沸;烧开
词形变换:_______________(adj. 沸腾的);_______________(adj. 煮沸的)
搭配:_______________ in water 在水中煮沸;_______________ water 沸水;_______________ water 白开水
例句:All the ingredients were mixed and _______________ in water.
(所有的原料被混合并在水中煮沸。)
15. beat v捣碎;击打
词形变换:_______________(原形-过去式-过去分词)
搭配:_______________ the material 捣碎材料;_______________ sb. 打败某人
例句:This material was _______________, cut up, and mixed with water again.
(这种材料被捣碎、切碎,并再次与水混合。)
16. pour v倒;倾泻
搭配:_______________ sth. over 把……倒在……上;_______________ into 倒入
例句:The liquid was _______________ over a bamboo screen.(液体被倒在竹帘上。)
17. press v./n按;压;新闻界
词形变换:_______________(n. 压力)
搭配:_______________ the button 按按钮;_______________ to form paper 压制成纸;be _______________ 被压制
例句:This fibre was dried and __________ to form paper.(这种纤维被晒干并压制成纸。)
18. form v./n形成;形式
词形变换:_______________(n. 形成);_______________(adj. 正式的)
搭配:_______________ paper 形成纸;in the _______________ of 以……的形式;a new _______________ of 一种新形式的
例句:This fibre was dried and pressed to __________ paper.(这种纤维被晒干并压制成纸。)
19. praise v./n赞扬;称赞
词形变换:_______________(adj. 值得称赞的)
搭配:_______________ sb. for sth. 因某事称赞某人;be _______________ 被称赞;high _______________ 高度赞扬
例句:The emperor was very pleased and _______________ Cai Lun for his great work.
(皇帝非常高兴,称赞蔡伦的伟大成就。)
20. increase v./n增加;增长
词形变换:_______________(adj. 增加的);_______________(adj. 不断增长的)
搭配:a rapid _______________ in …… 方面的快速增长;_______________ by 增加了;_______________ to 增加到
例句:This led to a rapid _______ in the number of books.(这导致了书籍数量的快速增长。)
21. rapid adj迅速的;快速的
词形变换:_______________(adv. 迅速地);_______________(n. 迅速)
搭配:a _______________ increase 快速增长;_______________ development 快速发展;_______________ spread 迅速传播
例句:News could be spread around the world __________.(消息可以迅速传遍全世界。)
22. knowledge n知识;学问
词形变换:_______________(v. 知道);_______________(adj. 知识渊博的)
搭配:spread _______________ 传播知识;a new birth of _______________ 知识的新生;_______________ of …… 的知识
例句:This resulted in a new birth of ____________.(这带来了知识的新生。)
23. connect v连接;联系
词形变换:_______________(n. 连接;关系);_______________(adj. 有关联的)
搭配:be _______________ to 连接到……;_______________ A to B 把A连接到B;be _______________ by 由……连接
例句:A mini-camera is _______ to the front of the glasses.(一个微型相机连接在眼镜前面。)
24. effect n影响;效果
词形变换:_______________(adj. 有效的);_______________(adv. 有效地)
搭配:have a big ___________ on 对……产生巨大影响;the ____________ of …… 的影响
例句:The radio also had a big _______ on music.(收音机对音乐也产生了巨大影响。)
25. inspire v启发;激励
词形变换:_______________(n. 灵感;激励);_______________(adj. 令人鼓舞的);_______________(adj. 受到启发的)
搭配:_______________ sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事;be _______________ by 被……启发;an _______________ story 一个鼓舞人心的故事
例句:Great inventors ______ us to think creatively.(伟大的发明家激励我们创造性地思考。)
26. powerful adj强大的;有力的
词形变换:_______________(n. 力量;权力);_______________(adv. 强有力地)
搭配:a _______________ idea 一个有影响力的想法;the power of ideas 思想的力量
例句:The ___________ of ideas can change the world.(思想的力量可以改变世界。)
27. inexpensive adj不贵的;便宜的
词形变换:_______________(adj. 昂贵的);_______________(adv. 便宜地)
搭配:an ________ solution 一个廉价的解决方案;_______ and easy to operate 便宜且易于操作
例句:The invention should be __________ and easy to operate.
(这项发明应该便宜且易于操作。)
28. operate v操作;运转
词形变换:_______________(n. 操作;手术);_______________(n. 操作员);_______________(adj. 操作的;运营的)
搭配:_______________ a machine 操作机器;easy to _______________ 易于操作;be _______________ by 由……操作
例句:The Smart Cook is very easy to ____________.(Smart Cook非常容易操作。)
29. benefit v./n受益;好处
词形变换:_______________(adj. 有益的)
搭配:_______________ people and society 造福人民和社会;_______________ from 从……中受益;the _______________ of …… 的好处
例句:This invention can ___________ many people.(这项发明可以造福很多人。)
30. society n社会
词形变换:_______________(adj. 社会的);_______________(adv. 在社会上)
搭配:benefit _______________ 造福社会;in _______________ 在社会中;modern _______________ 现代社会
例句:The invention should benefit people and __________.
(这项发明应该造福人民和社会。)
31. control v./n控制;管理
词形变换:_______________(adj. 可控制的);_______________(adj. 无法控制的)
搭配:_______________ the direction 控制方向;be _______________ by 被……控制;lose _______________ 失去控制
例句:The second challenge was how to _______________ the glider once it was flying.
(第二个挑战是一旦滑翔机飞行后如何控制它。)
32. engine n引擎;发动机
搭配:add an _______________ to 给……加装引擎;a powerful _______________ 强大的引擎
例句:After they solved these problems, they added an _______________ to the glider.
(解决了这些问题后,他们给滑翔机加装了引擎。)
33. glider n滑翔机
词形变换:_______________(v. 滑翔)
搭配:work with _______________ 研制滑翔机;a motorless _______________ 无动力滑翔机
例句:The Wright brothers began working with __________.(莱特兄弟开始研制滑翔机。)
34. fibre n纤维
词形变换:_______________(adj. 纤维的)
搭配:a _______ that comes from plants 来自植物的纤维;natural _____________ 天然纤维
例句:Leaving just the __________ on the bamboo screen.(只留下竹帘上的纤维。)
35. bark n树皮
搭配:the _______________ of trees 树皮;_______________, certain plants, and old clothes 树皮、某些植物和旧衣服
例句:Some kinds of _______ were used to make clothes.(某些种类的树皮被用来做衣服。)
36. bamboo n竹子
搭配:a _______________ screen 竹帘;_______________ and silk 竹子和丝绸
例句:The liquid was poured over a __________ screen.(液体被倒在竹帘上。)
37. liquid n液体
搭配:the _____________ 液体;pour the _______________ 倒液体
例句:Next, the ________ was poured over a bamboo screen.(接下来,液体被倒在竹帘上。)
38. emperor n皇帝
词形变换:______________(n. 女皇;皇后)
搭配:the _______________ 皇帝;show sth. to the _______________ 向皇帝展示某物
例句:Cai Lun showed his creation to the ________.(蔡伦向皇帝展示了他的创造。)
39. agriculture n农业
词形变换:_______________(adj. 农业的)
搭配:_______________ technology 农业技术;modern _______________ 现代农业
例句:Green technology can benefit ____________.(绿色科技可以造福农业。)
40. disaster n灾害;灾难
词形变换:_______________(adj. 灾难性的)
搭配:natural _______________ 自然灾害;survive a _______________ 在灾难中幸存
例句:Inventions are needed in areas like natural _______________.
(在自然灾害等领域需要发明。)
41. elderly adj年长的
词形变换:_______________(adj. 年长的);_______________(adj. 最年长的)
搭配:the _______________ 老年人;take care of _______________ people 照顾老年人
例句:Inventions can help take care of ________ people.(发明可以帮助照顾老年人。)
42. printing n印刷;印刷术
词形变换:_______________(v. 印刷);_______________(n. 打印机)
搭配:the invention of ____________ 印刷术的发明;paper and ___________ 纸张和印刷术
例句:When the use of paper and ___________ came together, it led to a rapid increase in books.
(当纸张和印刷术结合使用时,书籍数量快速增长。)
二、核心词组
1. be connected to 连接到……(to是介词,后接名词或动名词(易错点))
例句:A mini-camera is ____________ ____________ the front of the glasses.
(一个微型相机连接在眼镜前面。)
2. by the machine itself 机器自动……(by + 动作执行者,用于被动语态)
例句:The oil and salt are also added by the ____________ _____________.
(油和盐也是由机器自动添加的。)
3. spread to 传播到……(spread过去式和过去分词不变,都是spread)
例句:It first ___________ ____________ China's neighbouring countries.
(它首先传播到中国的邻国。)
4. to sb's surprise 令某人惊讶的是(常用to everyone's surprise / to his surprise等)
例句:To everyone's _______________, the paper was soft, light and cheap.
(令所有人惊讶的是,这种纸柔软、轻便且便宜。)
5. result in 导致;造成(result in 强调结果,lead to 强调过程(易错点))
例句:This _______________ _______________ a new birth of knowledge.
(这带来了知识的新生。)
6. have a big effect on 对……产生巨大影响(effect是名词,affect是动词(易错点))
例句:The radio also had a big _______________ _______________ music.
(收音机对音乐也产生了巨大影响。)
7. in seconds 几秒之内(in + 时间段,表示'在……之内')
例句:News could be sent around the world in _______________.
(消息可以在几秒之内传遍全世界。)
8. be made of 由……制成(可见原材料)
(be made of 可见原材料 / be made from 不可见原材料(易错点))
例句:The paper is _______________ _______________ bark and old clothes.
(纸是由树皮和旧衣服制成的。)
9. be used for 被用于……(for是介词,后接名词或动名词;be used to do 被用来做)
例句:Paper is _______________ _______________ writing and printing.
(纸被用于书写和印刷。)
10. lead to 导致;通向(to是介词,后接名词或动名词(易错点))
例句:This led _______________ a rapid increase in the number of books.
(这导致了书籍数量的快速增长。)
11. stand up 站起来(stand → stood → stood)
例句:Every time he stood ______________, the pieces of paper fell off.
(每次他站起来,纸片就掉下来。)
12. be made from 由……制成(不可见原材料)(易错点)
例句:There was also a very early form of paper _______________ _______________ jute.
(还有一种由黄麻制成的早期纸张。)
13. cut up 切碎 (cut → cut → cut,过去式和过去分词不变)
例句:This material was beaten, _______________ _______________, and mixed with water again.(这种材料被捣碎、切碎,并再次与水混合。)
三、核心语法 被动语态(单元重点,必考易错点)
1. 定义
被动语态(Passive Voice)是英语中一种特殊的句子结构,用来强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者。什么时候用被动语态呢?当我们更关心'什么东西被做了',而不是'谁做了这件事'的时候。举个例子,'电话被贝尔发明了'——你更想强调的是电话这个发明,而不是贝尔这个人,这时候就该用被动语态。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by 动作执行者)
被动语态的核心结构很简单:be动词加上过去分词。by后面跟的是动作的执行者,也就是'谁做了这件事',但by短语可以省略——因为用被动语态本来就是为了弱化执行者嘛。要注意,be动词会随着时态和主语变化,但过去分词始终不变。
(2)三种时态的被动语态
★ 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are + done
当我们要描述一个现在的客观事实或经常性的动作时,用一般现在时的被动语态。比如,'纸被用于书写和印刷',这是一个一般性的陈述,所以用is used。
常用场景:描述发明的用途、客观事实
A mini-camera _______________ to the front of the glasses.(一个微型相机连接在眼镜前面。)
The oil and salt ____ also _____ by the machine itself.(油和盐也是由机器自动添加的。)
Paper is used for writing and printing.(纸被用于书写和印刷。)
★ 一般过去时被动语态:was/were + done
当我们讲述过去发生的事情,特别是描述历史发明的过程时,用一般过去时的被动语态。本单元造纸术的整个制作过程,全部都用的是was/were + done。为什么?因为蔡伦造纸是过去的事,而且我们更关注'材料被怎么处理',而不是'谁处理的'——所以被动语态在这里是最自然的选择。
常用场景:描述历史发明、过去的事件
A radio message _______________ across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901.
(1901年,无线电报首次被发送跨越大西洋。)
The telephone _______________ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
(电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。)
All the ingredients _______________ and _______________ in water.
(所有原料被混合并在水中煮沸。)
★ 含情态动词的被动语态:can/must/should + be + done
情态动词后面跟被动语态的时候,结构是'情态动词 + be + 过去分词'。这里有一个特别容易出错的地方——很多同学会忘记be,直接写can made。记住:情态动词后面一定要加be,然后再加过去分词!因为can后面必须接动词原形,而被动语态的'原形'就是be done。
常用场景:描述可能性、必要性、建议
Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses ___ all _______________ by the 3D printer.
(玩具、椅子、桌子,甚至房子都可以由3D打印机制造。)
More astronauts will _______________ to the space station.(更多的宇航员将被送往空间站。)
The invention _______________ easy to operate.(这项发明应该易于操作。)
3. 主动语态 → 被动语态转换
这是考试中最常考的题型之一。转换的时候,牢记四步走:
① 找宾语:找出主动句中的__________,它就是被动句的___________。
② 宾语变主语:把宾语放到__________,变成被动句的____________。
③ 动词变被动:把主动动词变成'_______________',注意时态要保持一致!原来是一般过去时,被动句也要用_______________。
④ 主语变by短语:原来的主语放到_____后面,如果不需要强调执行者,by短语可以省略。
示例:
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
→ ① 找宾语:the telephone ② 宾语变主语 ③ 动词变被动:was invented ④ 主语变by短语:by Alexander Bell
→ The telephone _______________ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
(电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。)
4. 被动语态的使用场景
那么,什么时候该用被动语态呢?主要有以下四种情况:
① 不知道执行者:我们不知道是谁做的。比如'The old buildings were destroyed in the earthquake.'——我们知道楼塌了,但不需要说是谁弄的,因为地震本身就是原因。
② 不需要说明执行者:执行者是谁并不重要。比如'Paper is used for writing.'——大家都知道纸是用来写字的,没必要强调是谁在用。
③ 强调承受者:我们想突出的是动作的承受者。比如'The telephone was invented in 1876.'——这里我们强调的是电话这个发明,而不是发明家。
④ 科技/新闻报道:正式文体中常用被动语态,显得更客观。比如'New technology will soon be developed.'——新闻报道往往用被动语态来保持客观的语气。
5. 易错点总结(必记)
(易错点1):情态动词后漏掉be,直接写过去分词。
Toys can made by the 3D printer.
______________________________
(易错点2):be动词与主语不一致,忘记主语是单数还是复数。
The oil and salt is added by the machine.
______________________________
(易错点3):过去分词写错,不规则动词的过去分词没有记住。
The material was beated and cut up.
______________________________
(易错点4):不及物动词误用被动语态。
The accident was happened in 1903.
______________________________
(易错点5):be made of / be made from / be made in 混淆。
The desk is _________ wood.(可见原材料——你能看到木头)
Paper is _________ wood.(不可见原材料——木头经过化学变化变成了纸)
This phone is _________ China.(产地——在中国制造)
记忆口诀:of看得出,from看不出,in看产地。
6. 语法练习
A. 单项选择
1. The telephone ______ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents
2. English ______ in many countries around the world.
A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. is speaking
3. Toys and chairs can ______ by the 3D printer.
A. make B. made C. be made D. are made
4. This kind of paper ______ from bark and old clothes.
A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in D. is made by
5. All the ingredients ______ and boiled in water in the first step.
A. were mixed B. are mixed C. mixed D. was mixed
6. The radio had a big ______ on the spread of music.
A. affect B. effect C. effort D. afford
7. The new bridge ______ last year and it makes travel much easier.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. has built
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The telephone ______ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876.
2. Paper ______ (make) from bark and old clothes in ancient China.
3. More satellites ______ (send) into space next year.
4. English ______ (speak) in many countries.
5. This kind of toy can ______ (make) by the 3D printer.
6. The liquid ______ (pour) over a bamboo screen in the papermaking process.
7. The invention should ______ (operate) easily by elderly people.
C. 句型转换(主动语态 → 被动语态)
1. People speak English all over the world. → English ____________ all over the world.
2. Cai Lun invented a new kind of paper in AD 105. → A new kind of paper ____________ in AD 105.
3. The 3D printer can make toys and chairs. → Toys and chairs ____________ by the 3D printer.
4. They built the new hospital last year. → The new hospital ____________ last year.
5. We should protect the environment. → The environment ____________.
四、书面表达
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
本单元的写作话题是An Invention / My Creative Invention(介绍一项发明),属于说明文。整体逻辑是:先介绍发明是什么 → 再说明制作过程/原理 → 最后评价它的影响和意义。
第一段(开头,1-2句):介绍发明——名称+用途
开门见山,告诉读者你的发明叫什么、是干什么用的。这是全文的'入口',要让读者一眼就知道你在说什么。
核心句式:
① My invention is called ...(我的发明叫……)
② It is made of / from ...(它由……制成)
③ It is designed for / to ...(它被设计用于……)
第二段(中间1,3-5句):制作过程/工作原理
这一段是全文的核心,用被动语态按步骤描述发明是怎么制作或工作的。一定要用步骤连接词,让读者清楚地跟着你的思路走。
核心句式:
① In the first step, ... is/are ...(第一步,……被……)
② Then, ... is/are ...(然后,……被……)
③ Next, ... is/are ...(接下来,……被……)
④ Finally, ... is/are ...(最后,……被……)
第三段(中间2,2-3句):影响与意义
说清楚这项发明给人们的生活带来了什么变化。可以从'它让什么变得更容易''它对什么有巨大影响'等角度写。
核心句式:
① It has a big effect on ...(它对……有巨大影响)
② It makes ... easier and faster.(它使……变得更方便快捷。)
③ It can benefit many people.(它可以造福很多人。)
第四段(结尾,1-2句):总结评价
简短总结这项发明的价值,可以展望未来或表达希望。
核心句式:
① I hope it will help people ...(我希望它能帮助人们……)
② It is inexpensive, easy to operate, and benefits society.(它便宜、易操作,且造福社会。)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换:
基础词:good → 高分替换:beneficial(有益的)
例:This invention is beneficial to society. 这个发明有益于社会。
基础词:useful → 高分替换:practical / powerful(实用的 / 强大的)
例:It is a practical tool for students. 这是一款适合学生使用的实用工具。
基础词:cheap → 高分替换:inexpensive(不贵的)
例:The invention is inexpensive and easy to use. 这个发明成本低廉,使用简便。
基础词:important → 高分替换:significant / essential(重要的 / 必不可少的)
例:It has a significant effect on our lives. 它对我们的生活有着重大影响。
基础词:make → 高分替换:produce / create(生产 / 创造)
例:The machine can produce different kinds of food. 这台机器可以生产各类不同的食品。
基础词:new → 高分替换:creative / innovative(有创意的 / 创新的)
例:This is a creative solution to the problem. 这是一个富有创意的问题解决方案。
高分词组:
① be designed for / to do sth. 被设计用于…… ② be made of / from 由……制成
③ be used for (doing) sth. 被用于…… ④ have a big effect on 对……产生巨大影响
⑤ lead to / result in 导致 ⑥ benefit people and society 造福人民和社会
⑦ to sb's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 ⑧ a rapid increase in ……方面的快速增长
(三)参考范文
My Creative Invention: The Smart Water Bottle
My invention is called the Smart Water Bottle. It is made of recycled plastic and a small electronic sensor. It is designed for students and office workers who often forget to drink enough water.
The Smart Water Bottle is very easy to operate. First, a sensor is connected to the inside of the bottle. Then, the sensor is programmed to check the water level every hour. When the water level is low, a gentle sound is made to remind the user. Next, the data is sent to a phone app through Bluetooth. Finally, the app shows how much water the user has drunk each day. The whole bottle is powered by a small solar panel on the top.
This invention will have a big effect on people's health. It is inexpensive and easy to operate, so it can benefit many people. I hope it will help people stay healthy and form good drinking habits.
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
My Creative Invention: ________(发明名称)
My invention is called ________(发明名称). It is made of/from ________(材料). It is designed for ________(目标用户) who ________(用户需求).
The ________(发明名称) is easy to operate. First, ________(第一步,用被动语态). Then, ________(第二步,用被动语态). Next, ________(第三步,用被动语态). Finally, ________(第四步,用被动语态).
This invention will have a big effect on ________(影响的领域). It is ________(评价:inexpensive / easy to operate / creative), so it can benefit ________(受益人群). I hope it will help people ________(展望未来)./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教版九年级上册 Unit 5 Power of Ideas
知识清单(背诵版)
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心词组 11
三、核心语法 被动语态(单元重点,必考易错点) 12
1. 定义 12
2. 详细用法 13
3. 主动语态 → 被动语态转换 14
4. 被动语态的使用场景 15
5. 易错点总结(必记) 15
6. 语法练习 16
四、书面表达 19
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 19
(二)高分词汇/词组积累 21
(三)参考范文 22
(四)写作模板(万能模板) 22
一、核心词汇
1. invention n发明;发明物
词形变换:invent(v. 发明);inventor(n. 发明家)
搭配:a great invention 一项伟大的发明;the invention of …… 的发明;an invention that changed the world 一项改变世界的发明
例句:Papermaking was one of the most important inventions in history.
(造纸术是历史上最重要的发明之一。)
2. invent v发明
词形变换:invention(n. 发明;发明物);inventor(n. 发明家)
搭配:invent sth. 发明某物;be invented by sb. 由某人发明;be invented in + 年份 在某年被发明
例句:The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
(电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。)
3. inventor n发明家
词形变换:invent(v. 发明);invention(n. 发明;发明物)
搭配:a famous inventor 一位著名的发明家;the inventor of …… 的发明者
例句:Cai Lun was the inventor of a new kind of paper.(蔡伦是一种新型纸的发明者。)
4. create v创造;创建
词形变换:creation(n. 创造;作品);creator(n. 创造者);creative(adj. 有创造力的)
搭配:create sth. new 创造新事物;create a better world 创造更美好的世界;be created by 由……创造
例句:Different methods for creating something to write on were tried.
(尝试了各种方法来创造可以书写的东西。)
5. creative adj有创造力的;创造性的
词形变换:create(v. 创造);creation(n. 创造;作品);creatively(adv. 创造性地)
搭配:a creative idea 一个有创意的想法;creative thinking 创造性思维;be creative in 在……方面有创造力
例句:Cai Lun got a creative idea from past experiences.
(蔡伦从过去的经验中获得了一个有创意的想法。)
6. design v./n设计
词形变换:designer(n. 设计师)
搭配:be designed for 为……而设计;be designed to do 被设计用来做……;design a machine 设计一台机器
例句:Super See is a pair of sunglasses designed to help people read.
(Super See是一副旨在帮助人们阅读的太阳镜。)
7. produce v生产;制造
词形变换:product(n. 产品);production(n. 生产;产量);productive(adj. 多产的)
搭配:produce sth. 生产某物;be produced in 在某地生产;produce a new kind of 制造一种新的……
例句:He produced a glue that was really weak.(他制造了一种非常弱的胶水。)
8. product n产品;制品
词形变换:produce(v. 生产);production(n. 生产;产量)
搭配:a new product 一款新产品;sell products online 在网上卖产品;local products 本地产品
例句:We can now sell local products to tourists.(我们现在可以把本地产品卖给游客。)
9. experiment n实验;试验
词形变换:experimental(adj. 实验的);experimentally(adv. 实验性地)
搭配:do/carry out an experiment 做实验;in the experiment 在实验中;the result of the experiment 实验结果
例句:In the first step of Cai Lun's experiment, all the ingredients were mixed.
(在蔡伦实验的第一步,所有原料被混合在一起。)
10. collection n收集;收藏品
词形变换:collect(v. 收集);collector(n. 收藏家);collective(adj. 集体的)
搭配:a collection of 一批……的收藏;collect information 收集信息;collect data 收集数据
例句:Paper is used for collecting and spreading information.
(纸被用于收集和传播信息。)
11. spread v传播;展开
词形变换:spread → spread → spread(过去式和过去分词不变)
搭配:spread to 传播到……;spread around the world 传遍世界;the rapid spread of …… 的迅速传播
例句:It first spread to China's neighbouring countries.(它首先传播到中国的邻国。)
12. shape v./n塑造;形状
词形变换:shapely(adj. 匀称的)
搭配:shape the world 塑造世界;shape our modern world 塑造我们的现代世界;in the shape of 呈……的形状
例句:Papermaking shaped our modern world.(造纸术塑造了我们的现代世界。)
13. material n材料;原料
搭配:different materials 不同的材料;building materials 建筑材料;a special material 一种特殊材料
例句:Many different materials were used to write on in ancient China.
(在中国古代,许多不同的材料被用来书写。)
14. boil v煮沸;烧开
词形变换:boiling(adj. 沸腾的);boiled(adj. 煮沸的)
搭配:boil in water 在水中煮沸;boiling water 沸水;boiled water 白开水
例句:All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.(所有的原料被混合并在水中煮沸。)
15. beat v捣碎;击打
词形变换:beat → beat → beaten(过去分词为beaten)
搭配:beat the material 捣碎材料;beat sb. 打败某人
例句:This material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again.
(这种材料被捣碎、切碎,并再次与水混合。)
16. pour v倒;倾泻
搭配:pour sth. over 把……倒在……上;pour into 倒入
例句:The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen.(液体被倒在竹帘上。)
17. press v./n按;压;新闻界
词形变换:pressure(n. 压力)
搭配:press the button 按按钮;press to form paper 压制成纸;be pressed 被压制
例句:This fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.(这种纤维被晒干并压制成纸。)
18. form v./n形成;形式
词形变换:formation(n. 形成);formal(adj. 正式的)
搭配:form paper 形成纸;in the form of 以……的形式;a new form of 一种新形式的
例句:This fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.(这种纤维被晒干并压制成纸。)
19. praise v./n赞扬;称赞
词形变换:praiseworthy(adj. 值得称赞的)
搭配:praise sb. for sth. 因某事称赞某人;be praised 被称赞;high praise 高度赞扬
例句:The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work.
(皇帝非常高兴,称赞蔡伦的伟大成就。)
20. increase v./n增加;增长
词形变换:increased(adj. 增加的);increasing(adj. 不断增长的)
搭配:a rapid increase in …… 方面的快速增长;increase by 增加了;increase to 增加到
例句:This led to a rapid increase in the number of books.(这导致了书籍数量的快速增长。)
21. rapid adj迅速的;快速的
词形变换:rapidly(adv. 迅速地);rapidity(n. 迅速)
搭配:a rapid increase 快速增长;rapid development 快速发展;rapid spread 迅速传播
例句:News could be spread around the world rapidly.(消息可以迅速传遍全世界。)
22. knowledge n知识;学问
词形变换:know(v. 知道);knowledgeable(adj. 知识渊博的)
搭配:spread knowledge 传播知识;a new birth of knowledge 知识的新生;knowledge of …… 的知识
例句:This resulted in a new birth of knowledge.(这带来了知识的新生。)
23. connect v连接;联系
词形变换:connection(n. 连接;关系);connected(adj. 有关联的)
搭配:be connected to 连接到……;connect A to B 把A连接到B;be connected by 由……连接
例句:A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.
(一个微型相机连接在眼镜前面。)
24. effect n影响;效果
词形变换:effective(adj. 有效的);effectively(adv. 有效地)
搭配:have a big effect on 对……产生巨大影响;the effect of …… 的影响
例句:The radio also had a big effect on music.(收音机对音乐也产生了巨大影响。)
25. inspire v启发;激励
词形变换:inspiration(n. 灵感;激励);inspiring(adj. 令人鼓舞的);inspired(adj. 受到启发的)
搭配:inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事;be inspired by 被……启发;an inspiring story 一个鼓舞人心的故事
例句:Great inventors inspire us to think creatively.(伟大的发明家激励我们创造性地思考。)
26. powerful adj强大的;有力的
词形变换:power(n. 力量;权力);powerfully(adv. 强有力地)
搭配:a powerful idea 一个有影响力的想法;the power of ideas 思想的力量
例句:The power of ideas can change the world.(思想的力量可以改变世界。)
27. inexpensive adj不贵的;便宜的
词形变换:expensive(adj. 昂贵的);inexpensively(adv. 便宜地)
搭配:an inexpensive solution 一个廉价的解决方案;inexpensive and easy to operate 便宜且易于操作
例句:The invention should be inexpensive and easy to operate.
(这项发明应该便宜且易于操作。)
28. operate v操作;运转
词形变换:operation(n. 操作;手术);operator(n. 操作员);operational(adj. 操作的;运营的)
搭配:operate a machine 操作机器;easy to operate 易于操作;be operated by 由……操作
例句:The Smart Cook is very easy to operate.(Smart Cook非常容易操作。)
29. benefit v./n受益;好处
词形变换:beneficial(adj. 有益的)
搭配:benefit people and society 造福人民和社会;benefit from 从……中受益;the benefits of …… 的好处
例句:This invention can benefit many people.(这项发明可以造福很多人。)
30. society n社会
词形变换:social(adj. 社会的);socially(adv. 在社会上)
搭配:benefit society 造福社会;in society 在社会中;modern society 现代社会
例句:The invention should benefit people and society.(这项发明应该造福人民和社会。)
31. control v./n控制;管理
词形变换:controllable(adj. 可控制的);uncontrollable(adj. 无法控制的)
搭配:control the direction 控制方向;be controlled by 被……控制;lose control 失去控制
例句:The second challenge was how to control the glider once it was flying.
(第二个挑战是一旦滑翔机飞行后如何控制它。)
32. engine n引擎;发动机
搭配:add an engine to 给……加装引擎;a powerful engine 强大的引擎
例句:After they solved these problems, they added an engine to the glider.
(解决了这些问题后,他们给滑翔机加装了引擎。)
33. glider n滑翔机
词形变换:glide(v. 滑翔)
搭配:work with gliders 研制滑翔机;a motorless glider 无动力滑翔机
例句:The Wright brothers began working with gliders.(莱特兄弟开始研制滑翔机。)
34. fibre n纤维
词形变换:fibrous(adj. 纤维的)
搭配:a fibre that comes from plants 来自植物的纤维;natural fibre 天然纤维
例句:Leaving just the fibre on the bamboo screen.(只留下竹帘上的纤维。)
35. bark n树皮
搭配:the bark of trees 树皮;bark, certain plants, and old clothes 树皮、某些植物和旧衣服
例句:Some kinds of bark were used to make clothes.(某些种类的树皮被用来做衣服。)
36. bamboo n竹子
搭配:a bamboo screen 竹帘;bamboo and silk 竹子和丝绸
例句:The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen.(液体被倒在竹帘上。)
37. liquid n液体
搭配:the liquid 液体;pour the liquid 倒液体
例句:Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen.(接下来,液体被倒在竹帘上。)
38. emperor n皇帝
词形变换:empress(n. 女皇;皇后)
搭配:the emperor 皇帝;show sth. to the emperor 向皇帝展示某物
例句:Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor.(蔡伦向皇帝展示了他的创造。)
39. agriculture n农业
词形变换:agricultural(adj. 农业的)
搭配:agricultural technology 农业技术;modern agriculture 现代农业
例句:Green technology can benefit agriculture.(绿色科技可以造福农业。)
40. disaster n灾害;灾难
词形变换:disastrous(adj. 灾难性的)
搭配:natural disasters 自然灾害;survive a disaster 在灾难中幸存
例句:Inventions are needed in areas like natural disasters.
(在自然灾害等领域需要发明。)
41. elderly adj年长的
词形变换:elder(adj. 年长的);eldest(adj. 最年长的)
搭配:the elderly 老年人;take care of elderly people 照顾老年人
例句:Inventions can help take care of elderly people.(发明可以帮助照顾老年人。)
42. printing n印刷;印刷术
词形变换:print(v. 印刷);printer(n. 打印机)
搭配:the invention of printing 印刷术的发明;paper and printing 纸张和印刷术
例句:When the use of paper and printing came together, it led to a rapid increase in books.
(当纸张和印刷术结合使用时,书籍数量快速增长。)
二、核心词组
1. be connected to 连接到……(to是介词,后接名词或动名词(易错点))
例句:A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.
(一个微型相机连接在眼镜前面。)
2. by the machine itself 机器自动……(by + 动作执行者,用于被动语态)
例句:The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself.
(油和盐也是由机器自动添加的。)
3. spread to 传播到……(spread过去式和过去分词不变,都是spread)
例句:It first spread to China's neighbouring countries.(它首先传播到中国的邻国。)
4. to sb's surprise 令某人惊讶的是(常用to everyone's surprise / to his surprise等)
例句:To everyone's surprise, the paper was soft, light and cheap.
(令所有人惊讶的是,这种纸柔软、轻便且便宜。)
5. result in 导致;造成 (result in 强调结果,lead to 强调过程(易错点))
例句:This resulted in a new birth of knowledge.(这带来了知识的新生。)
6. have a big effect on 对……产生巨大影响(effect是名词,affect是动词,(易错点))
例句:The radio also had a big effect on music.(收音机对音乐也产生了巨大影响。)
7. in seconds 几秒之内(in + 时间段,表示'在……之内')
例句:News could be sent around the world in seconds.(消息可以在几秒之内传遍全世界。)
8. be made of 由……制成(可见原材料)
(be made of 可见原材料 / be made from 不可见原材料(易错点))
例句:The paper is made of bark and old clothes.(纸是由树皮和旧衣服制成的。)
9. be used for 被用于……(for是介词,后接名词或动名词;be used to do 被用来做)
例句:Paper is used for writing and printing.(纸被用于书写和印刷。)
10. lead to 导致;通向(to是介词,后接名词或动名词(易错点))
例句:This led to a rapid increase in the number of books.(这导致了书籍数量的快速增长。)
11. stand up 站起来(stand → stood → stood)
例句:Every time he stood up, the pieces of paper fell off.(每次他站起来,纸片就掉下来。)
12. be made from 由……制成(不可见原材料)(易错点)
例句:There was also a very early form of paper made from jute.
(还有一种由黄麻制成的早期纸张。)
13. cut up 切碎(cut → cut → cut,过去式和过去分词不变)
例句:This material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again.
(这种材料被捣碎、切碎,并再次与水混合。)
三、核心语法 被动语态(单元重点,必考易错点)
1. 定义
被动语态(Passive Voice)是英语中一种特殊的句子结构,用来强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者。什么时候用被动语态呢?当我们更关心'什么东西被做了',而不是'谁做了这件事'的时候。举个例子,'电话被贝尔发明了'——你更想强调的是电话这个发明,而不是贝尔这个人,这时候就该用被动语态。
2. 详细用法
(1)基本结构
★ be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by 动作执行者)
被动语态的核心结构很简单:be动词加上过去分词。by后面跟的是动作的执行者,也就是'谁做了这件事',但by短语可以省略——因为用被动语态本来就是为了弱化执行者嘛。要注意,be动词会随着时态和主语变化,但过去分词始终不变。
(2)三种时态的被动语态
★ 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are + done
当我们要描述一个现在的客观事实或经常性的动作时,用一般现在时的被动语态。比如,'纸被用于书写和印刷',这是一个一般性的陈述,所以用is used。
常用场景:描述发明的用途、客观事实
A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.(一个微型相机连接在眼镜前面。)
The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself.(油和盐也是由机器自动添加的。)
Paper is used for writing and printing.(纸被用于书写和印刷。)
★ 一般过去时被动语态:was/were + done
当我们讲述过去发生的事情,特别是描述历史发明的过程时,用一般过去时的被动语态。本单元造纸术的整个制作过程,全部都用的是was/were + done。为什么?因为蔡伦造纸是过去的事,而且我们更关注'材料被怎么处理',而不是'谁处理的'——所以被动语态在这里是最自然的选择。
常用场景:描述历史发明、过去的事件
A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901.
(1901年,无线电报首次被发送跨越大西洋。)
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
(电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。)
All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.
(所有原料被混合并在水中煮沸。)
★ 含情态动词的被动语态:can/must/should + be + done
情态动词后面跟被动语态的时候,结构是'情态动词 + be + 过去分词'。这里有一个特别容易出错的地方——很多同学会忘记be,直接写can made。记住:情态动词后面一定要加be,然后再加过去分词!因为can后面必须接动词原形,而被动语态的'原形'就是be done。
常用场景:描述可能性、必要性、建议
Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.
(玩具、椅子、桌子,甚至房子都可以由3D打印机制造。)
More astronauts will be sent to the space station.(更多的宇航员将被送往空间站。)
The invention should be easy to operate.(这项发明应该易于操作。)
3. 主动语态 → 被动语态转换
这是考试中最常考的题型之一。转换的时候,牢记四步走:
① 找宾语:找出主动句中的宾语,它就是被动句的新主语。
② 宾语变主语:把宾语放到句首,变成被动句的主语。
③ 动词变被动:把主动动词变成'be + 过去分词',注意时态要保持一致!原来是一般过去时,被动句也要用was/were。
④ 主语变by短语:原来的主语放到by后面,如果不需要强调执行者,by短语可以省略。
示例:
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
→ ① 找宾语:the telephone ② 宾语变主语 ③ 动词变被动:was invented ④ 主语变by短语:by Alexander Bell
→ The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
(电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。)
4. 被动语态的使用场景
那么,什么时候该用被动语态呢?主要有以下四种情况:
① 不知道执行者:我们不知道是谁做的。比如'The old buildings were destroyed in the earthquake.'——我们知道楼塌了,但不需要说是谁弄的,因为地震本身就是原因。
② 不需要说明执行者:执行者是谁并不重要。比如'Paper is used for writing.'——大家都知道纸是用来写字的,没必要强调是谁在用。
③ 强调承受者:我们想突出的是动作的承受者。比如'The telephone was invented in 1876.'——这里我们强调的是电话这个发明,而不是发明家。
④ 科技/新闻报道:正式文体中常用被动语态,显得更客观。比如'New technology will soon be developed.'——新闻报道往往用被动语态来保持客观的语气。
5. 易错点总结(必记)
(易错点1):情态动词后漏掉be,直接写过去分词。
Toys can made by the 3D printer.
Toys can be made by the 3D printer.
解析:can后面必须接动词原形,被动语态的'原形结构'就是be done,所以can后面要有be。
(易错点2):be动词与主语不一致,忘记主语是单数还是复数。
The oil and salt is added by the machine.
The oil and salt are added by the machine.
解析:The oil and salt是两个东西,是复数,所以be动词要用are。做被动语态题时,第一步永远是先看主语是单数还是复数!
(易错点3):过去分词写错,不规则动词的过去分词没有记住。
The material was beated and cut up.
The material was beaten and cut up.
解析:beat的过去分词是beaten,不是beated!不规则动词的过去分词必须单独记忆,不能简单加-ed。本单元需要特别注意的不规则过去分词:beat→beaten, spread→spread, cut→cut。
(易错点4):不及物动词误用被动语态。
The accident was happened in 1903.
The accident happened in 1903.
解析:happen是不及物动词,没有被动语态!常见的不及物动词还有take place(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)等。判断方法很简单:不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语,所以不可能有被动语态。
(易错点5):be made of / be made from / be made in 混淆。
The desk is made of wood.(可见原材料——你能看到木头)
Paper is made from wood.(不可见原材料——木头经过化学变化变成了纸)
This phone is made in China.(产地——在中国制造)
记忆口诀:of看得出,from看不出,in看产地。
6. 语法练习
A. 单项选择
1. The telephone ______ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents
2. English ______ in many countries around the world.
A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. is speaking
3. Toys and chairs can ______ by the 3D printer.
A. make B. made C. be made D. are made
4. This kind of paper ______ from bark and old clothes.
A. is made of B. is made from C. is made in D. is made by
5. All the ingredients ______ and boiled in water in the first step.
A. were mixed B. are mixed C. mixed D. was mixed
6. The radio had a big ______ on the spread of music.
A. affect B. effect C. effort D. afford
7. The new bridge ______ last year and it makes travel much easier.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. has built
答案与解析:
1. 答案:B。 考查一般过去时被动语态。主语telephone是动作的承受者,时间状语in 1876表示过去,所以用was + 过去分词,故选B。
2. 答案:C。 考查一般现在时被动语态。主语English是speak的承受者,这是客观事实,用一般现在时,故选C。
3. 答案:C。 考查含情态动词的被动语态。can后面接动词原形,被动语态结构为can be + 过去分词,故选C。
4. 答案:B。 考查be made from用法。bark and old clothes经过加工变化后看不到原材料的样子,用be made from,故选B。
5. 答案:A。 考查一般过去时被动语态。主语all the ingredients是复数,且描述的是过去发生的造纸过程,用were + 过去分词,故选A。
6. 答案:B。 考查effect/affect辨析。have a big effect on是固定搭配,effect是名词,而affect是动词,故选B。
7. 答案:B。 考查一般过去时被动语态。主语bridge是build的承受者,时间状语last year表示过去,故选B。
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The telephone ______ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876.
2. Paper ______ (make) from bark and old clothes in ancient China.
3. More satellites ______ (send) into space next year.
4. English ______ (speak) in many countries.
5. This kind of toy can ______ (make) by the 3D printer.
6. The liquid ______ (pour) over a bamboo screen in the papermaking process.
7. The invention should ______ (operate) easily by elderly people.
答案与解析:
1. 答案:was invented。 主语telephone是invent的承受者,in 1876是过去时间,用一般过去时被动语态was invented。
2. 答案:was made。 主语paper是make的承受者,in ancient China是过去时间,用一般过去时被动语态was made。
3. 答案:will be sent。 主语satellites是send的承受者,next year是将来时间,用一般将来时被动语态will be sent。
4. 答案:is spoken。 主语English是speak的承受者,这是客观事实,用一般现在时被动语态is spoken。
5. 答案:be made。 can后面接动词原形,被动语态结构为can be + 过去分词,所以填be made。
6. 答案:was poured。 主语liquid是pour的承受者,描述造纸过程用过去时,用was poured。
7. 答案:be operated。 should后面接动词原形,被动语态结构为should be + 过去分词,填be operated。
C. 句型转换(主动语态 → 被动语态)
1. People speak English all over the world. → English ____________ all over the world.
2. Cai Lun invented a new kind of paper in AD 105. → A new kind of paper ____________ in AD 105.
3. The 3D printer can make toys and chairs. → Toys and chairs ____________ by the 3D printer.
4. They built the new hospital last year. → The new hospital ____________ last year.
5. We should protect the environment. → The environment ____________.
答案与解析:
1. 答案:is spoken (by people)。 主语English是speak的承受者,一般现在时,English是单数,用is spoken。
2. 答案:was invented by Cai Lun。 主语a new kind of paper是invent的承受者,一般过去时,用was invented by Cai Lun。
3. 答案:can be made。 含情态动词的被动语态,结构为can be + 过去分词,填can be made。
4. 答案:was built (by them)。 主语the new hospital是build的承受者,last year是过去时间,用was built。
5. 答案:should be protected (by us)。 含情态动词should的被动语态,结构为should be + 过去分词,填should be protected。
四、书面表达
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
本单元的写作话题是An Invention / My Creative Invention(介绍一项发明),属于说明文。整体逻辑是:先介绍发明是什么 → 再说明制作过程/原理 → 最后评价它的影响和意义。
第一段(开头,1-2句):介绍发明——名称+用途
开门见山,告诉读者你的发明叫什么、是干什么用的。这是全文的'入口',要让读者一眼就知道你在说什么。
核心句式:
① My invention is called ...(我的发明叫……)
② It is made of / from ...(它由……制成)
③ It is designed for / to ...(它被设计用于……)
第二段(中间1,3-5句):制作过程/工作原理
这一段是全文的核心,用被动语态按步骤描述发明是怎么制作或工作的。一定要用步骤连接词,让读者清楚地跟着你的思路走。
核心句式:
① In the first step, ... is/are ...(第一步,……被……)
② Then, ... is/are ...(然后,……被……)
③ Next, ... is/are ...(接下来,……被……)
④ Finally, ... is/are ...(最后,……被……)
第三段(中间2,2-3句):影响与意义
说清楚这项发明给人们的生活带来了什么变化。可以从'它让什么变得更容易''它对什么有巨大影响'等角度写。
核心句式:
① It has a big effect on ...(它对……有巨大影响)
② It makes ... easier and faster.(它使……变得更方便快捷。)
③ It can benefit many people.(它可以造福很多人。)
第四段(结尾,1-2句):总结评价
简短总结这项发明的价值,可以展望未来或表达希望。
核心句式:
① I hope it will help people ...(我希望它能帮助人们……)
② It is inexpensive, easy to operate, and benefits society.(它便宜、易操作,且造福社会。)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换:
基础词:good → 高分替换:beneficial(有益的)
例:This invention is beneficial to society. 这个发明有益于社会。
基础词:useful → 高分替换:practical / powerful(实用的 / 强大的)
例:It is a practical tool for students. 这是一款适合学生使用的实用工具。
基础词:cheap → 高分替换:inexpensive(不贵的)
例:The invention is inexpensive and easy to use. 这个发明成本低廉,使用简便。
基础词:important → 高分替换:significant / essential(重要的 / 必不可少的)
例:It has a significant effect on our lives. 它对我们的生活有着重大影响。
基础词:make → 高分替换:produce / create(生产 / 创造)
例:The machine can produce different kinds of food. 这台机器可以生产各类不同的食品。
基础词:new → 高分替换:creative / innovative(有创意的 / 创新的)
例:This is a creative solution to the problem. 这是一个富有创意的问题解决方案。
高分词组:
① be designed for / to do sth. 被设计用于…… ② be made of / from 由……制成
③ be used for (doing) sth. 被用于…… ④ have a big effect on 对……产生巨大影响
⑤ lead to / result in 导致 ⑥ benefit people and society 造福人民和社会
⑦ to sb's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 ⑧ a rapid increase in ……方面的快速增长
(三)参考范文
My Creative Invention: The Smart Water Bottle
My invention is called the Smart Water Bottle. It is made of recycled plastic and a small electronic sensor. It is designed for students and office workers who often forget to drink enough water.
The Smart Water Bottle is very easy to operate. First, a sensor is connected to the inside of the bottle. Then, the sensor is programmed to check the water level every hour. When the water level is low, a gentle sound is made to remind the user. Next, the data is sent to a phone app through Bluetooth. Finally, the app shows how much water the user has drunk each day. The whole bottle is powered by a small solar panel on the top.
This invention will have a big effect on people's health. It is inexpensive and easy to operate, so it can benefit many people. I hope it will help people stay healthy and form good drinking habits.
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
My Creative Invention: ________(发明名称)
My invention is called ________(发明名称). It is made of/from ________(材料). It is designed for ________(目标用户) who ________(用户需求).
The ________(发明名称) is easy to operate. First, ________(第一步,用被动语态). Then, ________(第二步,用被动语态). Next, ________(第三步,用被动语态). Finally, ________(第四步,用被动语态).
This invention will have a big effect on ________(影响的领域). It is ________(评价:inexpensive / easy to operate / creative), so it can benefit ________(受益人群). I hope it will help people ________(展望未来).

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