2026年九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备七八年级核心考点精讲精练·专题一 名词:数、格与搭配(含解析)

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2026年九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备七八年级核心考点精讲精练·专题一 名词:数、格与搭配(含解析)

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九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
编写说明
本书依托现行外研版七、八、九年级上册教材编写,梳理七、八年级核心词汇与语法内容,供八升九学生暑期复习巩固,夯实九年级学习及中考备考基础。全书对标课程标准与各地中考命题方向,采用知识点讲解配套分层习题的形式,梳理基础内容,突破易混、重难点知识。书中设置九年级衔接板块,提前梳理九年级各单元语法、写作要点,减轻新学期学习压力。整体内容按照词汇、句子、复合句、阅读、写作的学习顺序编排,兼顾基础积累与答题能力训练。
结构总览
层级 模块主题 覆盖范围 细分篇目
第一级 词法 专题一至专题八 1. 名词:单复数、所有格及常用搭配
2. 代词:指代用法与不定代词
3. 数词与介词
4. 并列连词
5. 形容词、副词:等级变化与易混词区分
6. 情态动词:基础用法与推测表达
7. 非谓语动词:不定式、动名词
8. 词形转换专项
第二级 基础句法 专题九至专题十二 9. 时态一:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来时
10. 时态二:现在进行、过去进行、现在完成时
11. 被动语态
12. 感叹句、祈使句及常考句型
第三级 复合句 专题十三至专题十五 13. 状语从句
14. 宾语从句
15. 定语从句
第四级 语篇题型 专题十六至专题十九 16. 情景交际:常考话题与标准应答
17. 完形填空专项训练
18. 短文填空综合练习
19. 阅读理解专项训练
第五级 写作提升 专题二十至专题二十一 20. 句式优化与逻辑连接词
21. 段落框架与写作模板
附录 检测与答案 附录一至附录五 附录一 冠词知识点汇总
附录二 不规则动词表
附录三 七八年级核心短语汇总
附录四 综合测试卷
附录五 习题参考答案与解析
九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题一 名词:数、格与搭配
【涉及教材单元】
七上Unit 1 A new start:可数名词单复数
七上Unit 3 Family ties:名词所有格('s所有格)
七下Unit 1 The secrets of happiness:可数名词与不可数名词
七下Unit 3 Food matters:可数名词与不可数名词的量化表达(a piece of / a glass of等)
八上Unit 1 This is me:名词作定语
八上Unit 2 Getting along:复合名词的复数形式
【考点精讲】
考点一 可数名词与不可数名词
一、可数名词分类及复数规则变化
可数名词可以用数字计数,分单数、复数;单数表 “一个”,复数表 “两个及以上”。
变化情况 构成规则 例词
一般名词 词尾直接加 -s book→books;pen→pens;dog→dogs
s/x/sh/ch 结尾 词尾加 -es bus→buses;box→boxes;brush→brushes;watch→watches
辅音字母 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i,再加 -es city→cities;family→families;story→stories
元音字母 + y 结尾 直接加 -s boy→boys;day→days;monkey→monkeys
o 结尾 有生命加 -es;无生命加 -s potato→potatoes;photo→photos
f /fe 结尾 变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es knife→knives;leaf→leaves
补充:o 结尾固定加 - es 高频词:hero、potato、tomato、mango;其余无生命名词加 - s:piano→pianos、radio→radios、zoo→zoos。
二、不可数名词的量化表达
不可数名词无法直接用数字计数,无复数,不能直接搭配 a/an、数词。
常见分类
物质类:water, air, bread, meat, milk, rice, juice, paper
抽象概念:information, news, weather, work, homework, housework
学科类:maths, physics, music, art
量化结构:数词 + 单位词 + of + 不可数名词
a piece of paper/news/advice 一张纸 / 一条新闻 / 一条建议
a glass of water/milk 一杯水 / 牛奶
a cup of tea/coffee 一杯茶 / 咖啡
a bottle of juice/oil 一瓶果汁 / 油
a bowl of rice/soup 一碗米饭 / 汤
考点二 可数名词复数特殊变化规则
一、元音拼写变形(不规则复数)
单数 复数 中文释义
man men 男人
woman women 女人
foot feet 脚
tooth teeth 牙齿
mouse mice 老鼠
child children 孩子
ox oxen 公牛
二、单复数同形名词
单词 用法说明
sheep 一只羊 / 多只羊
deer 一只鹿 / 多只鹿
fish 同种类多条鱼;表不同鱼类时复数 fishes
Chinese 一个中国人 / 多个中国人
Japanese 一个日本人 / 多个日本人
means 一种方式 / 多种方式
语法提示:该类名词作主语时,谓语单复数由名词实际含义决定。
例:The sheep is eating grass.(那一只羊)
The sheep are eating grass.(一群羊)
三、复合名词变复数规则
含主体名词:主体名词变复数
passer-by → passers-by;looker-on → lookers-on
无主体名词:词尾直接加 s
grown-up → grown-ups;stand-by → stand-bys
man /woman 修饰名词:前后两词全部变复数
man teacher → men teachers;woman doctor → women doctors
考点三 名词所有格(表 “…… 的”)
分三种:’s 所有格、of 所有格、双重所有格。
一、’s 所有格构成规则
名词类型 变化规则 例句
单数名词 词尾 + ’s my father’s car;Tom’s book
s 结尾复数名词 仅加 ’ the students’ classroom;the teachers’ office
非 s 结尾复数名词 + ’s Children’s Day;men’s clothes
复合名词 最后一个词加 ’s my mother-in-law’s house
并列名词(各自拥有) 每个名词后加 ’s Tom’s and Mary’s rooms(两人各一间房)
并列名词(共同拥有) 最后一个名词加 ’s Tom and Mary’s room(两人共用一间房)
二、of 所有格
适用场景:无生命物体、修饰词较长的人。
the name of the school 学校的名字
the cover of the book 书的封面
the population of China 中国人口
the son of a famous scientist 一位著名科学家的儿子
三、双重所有格
结构:of + 名词’s /of + 名词性物主代词,表示 “整体中的一部分”
a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一位朋友
a photo of mine 我的一张照片
区分易混句:
a photo of my father 照片里的人是父亲
a photo of my father’s 照片归父亲所有
考点四 名词的句法功能
一、基础成分:主语、宾语、表语
主语:Knowledge is power.
宾语:I like music.
表语:He is a teacher.
二、名词作定语(修饰另一个名词)
通用规则:作定语的名词用单数,只变后面中心词
apple tree → apple trees;shoe shop → shoe shops
a five-year-old boy(复合定语,全部单数)
man/woman 作定语:两词同步变复数
a man teacher → two men teachers
a woman doctor → three women doctors
固定复数定语(特例):sports meeting、clothes shop
【高频失分点】
失分点 1 中英文可数性差异
汉语可数、英语不可数,无复数、不能加 a/an:
advice, information, news, weather, work, homework, housework, furniture, knowledge, progress, equipment
错:I have many homeworks.
正:I have a lot of homework.
失分点 2 o 结尾复数混淆
加 - es:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, mangoes
加 - s:photos, pianos, radios, zoos
失分点 3 复合名词复数变形位置
passer-by→passers-by(主体变);grown-up→grown-ups(末尾加 s);man teacher→men teachers(双变)
失分点 4 双重所有格与普通 of 所有格含义混淆
a photo of sb(人在照片里);a photo of sb’s(照片属于某人)
失分点 5 名词作定语单复数误用
错:two apples trees
正:two apple trees
【九年级衔接预览】
九年级 Unit 3 单元主题为回忆往事,重点拓展:
时间名词所有格:last year’s、yesterday’s;
名词定语复合结构:school life、friendship stories;
长名词短语所属关系理解;
语篇名词词汇量提升,侧重语境词义辨析。
复习重点:不规则复数精准记忆、两种所有格灵活转换、不可数名词量词搭配熟练运用。
【三级过关精练】
过关一 基础达标
一、用所给名词适当形式填空
There are two ________ (library) in our school.
My mother bought three ________ (tomato) for dinner.
I need some ________ (information) about the summer camp.
The ________ (child) toys are everywhere in the room.
September 10th is ________ (teacher) Day in China.
These ________ (German) are visiting the Great Wall.
I saw some ________ (sheep) on the farm yesterday.
The two ________ (woman) are both doctors.
Please pass me three ________ (piece) of bread.
The ________ (student) classroom is on the second floor.
二、单项选择
— Would you like some ________
— Yes, a little please.
A. apple B. banana C. bread D. egg
The ________ of the new hospital is very modern.
A. design B. designs C. designer D. designed
I have two ________ and three ________.
A. watch; knife B. watches; knives C. watches; knifes D. watchs; knives
________ room is big and bright. They like it very much.
A. Tom and Sam B. Tom’s and Sam C. Tom’s and Sam’s D. Tom and Sam’s
— What would you like to drink
— I’d like some ________.
A. orange B. oranges C. an orange D. the orange
The shoes are too old. I need to buy a new ________.
A. pair B. one C. shoes D. shoe
There are fifty ________ in our school.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers
This is ________ bedroom. It’s tidy and clean.
A. Lily and Lucy’s B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy
— How many ________ are there in the room
— Only one.
A. meat B. bread C. furniture D. chair
The shirt is one of ________.
A. my father B. my father’s C. my fathers D. fathers
过关二 能力提升
三、用所给名词适当形式填空
Can you give me some ________ (advice) on how to learn English well
The ________ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow in autumn.
All the ________ (passer-by) stopped to watch the accident.
The ________ (shelf) in the library are full of books.
We need three ________ (hour) walk to get to the village.
四、单项选择
— Would you like something to drink
— I’d like ________.
A. two glasses of waters B. two glass of water
C. two glasses of water D. two glass of waters
— Whose jackets are these
— They are ________. They lost them in the gym.
A. Tom and Jerry B. Tom’s and Jerry’s C. Tom’s and Jerry D. Tom and Jerry’s
The doctor told me to eat more ________ because they are good for my health.
A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. a tomato
There is not enough ________ in the room for so many people.
A. room B. rooms C. a room D. the room
The famous singer has millions of ________ all over the world.
A. fan B. fans C. fane D. fanes
Would you please show me a ________ of paper
A. piece B. pieces C. peace D. sheet
All the ________ in our class are from the same city.
A. boy students B. boys students C. boy student D. boys student
This is not my dictionary. It’s ________.
A. my sister B. my sister’s C. of my sister D. sisters
— What kind of noodles would you like
— I’d like some ________ noodles.
A. tomato and beef B. tomatoes and beef C. tomato and beefs D. tomatoes and beefs
The ________ of the mountain is about 2,000 metres above sea level.
A. high B. height C. highly D. higher
过关三 综合突破
五、短文填空:填入适当词或括号内名词正确形式
Dear Mum,
How is everything going I’m having a great time at the summer camp. Every morning we get up at 6:00 and do some morning 36________ (exercise). After breakfast, we have different kinds of 37________ (activity). Yesterday our 38________ (teacher) told us many interesting stories about the local history. I have made two new 39________ (friend) here. They are both from America. One is a 15-year-old 40________ (boy), and the other is a lovely 41________ (girl).
The food here is delicious. We have fresh 42________ (vegetable) and fruit every day. Last night we had a party around the fire. All the 43________ (child) sang and danced happily. The 44________ (camp) life is so wonderful that I don’t want to leave. I also bought some45 ________ (gift) for you and Dad.
I miss you very much. Please say hello to Dad and my little sister.
Yours,
Li Ming
参考答案与详细解析
过关一 基础达标
一、词形填空
libraries 辅音 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 es
tomatoes tomato 为有生命 o 结尾名词,加 es
information 不可数名词,无复数
children’s children 是 child 不规则复数,非 s 结尾复数名词,所有格加’s
Teachers’ 教师节,表全体教师,复数所有格加’,统一规范写法 Teachers’ Day
Germans German 复数直接加 s;Germany 是国家 “德国”,不可混淆
sheep 单复数同形
women woman 不规则复数,对应后面 doctors
pieces three 后量词 piece 变复数
students’ students 是以 s 结尾复数名词,所有格只加’
二、单项选择
C a little 只能修饰不可数名词,bread 不可数;apple/banana/egg 均为可数单数,不能搭配 a little
A 句子谓语 is 为单数,主语用单数名词 design(设计);designs 复数不匹配;designer “设计师” 语义不通;designed 是形容词 / 动词过去式,不能作主语
B watch 以 ch 结尾复数 watches;knife 以 fe 结尾变 knives;watchs、knifes 均为错误拼写
D 后文 room 单数,说明 Tom 和 Sam 共用一间房,共同所有只在最后名词加’s;C 选项各自拥有,对应复数 rooms
A orange 此处表 “橙汁”,不可数名词,some 后不加 s;oranges 指橙子(水果)
A shoes 成双使用,量词 pair;a new pair 一双新鞋,one 不能指代 pair
B man 作定语,复数前后双变:men teachers
A bedroom 单数,两人共用,Lily and Lucy’s;B 项各自拥有,对应复数 bedrooms
D How many 后必须接可数名词复数;meat、bread、furniture 全为不可数名词,只有 chair 可数
B one of + 双重所有格 my father’s,意为 “我父亲的衬衫之一”
过关二 能力提升
三、词形填空
advice 不可数名词,无复数
leaves leaf 以 f 结尾,变 f 为 v 加 es
passers-by 复合名词,主体名词 passer 变复数
shelves shelf 以 f 结尾,变 f 为 v 加 es
hours’ three hours’ walk 三小时的路程,时间复数名词所有格;three-hour walk 为复合形容词结构,本题考查所有格,故用 hours’
四、单项选择
C glass 是可数量词,two 后变 glasses;water 不可数,永远不加 s
B jackets 复数,说明两人各有一件夹克,各自所有,两个名词后都加’s
B more 后接复数,tomato 复数 tomatoes,tomatos 拼写错误
A room 此处含义 “空间”,不可数;rooms 指 “房间”,语义不符
B millions of 后接可数名词复数 fan→fans
A a piece of paper 固定搭配;sheet 虽可表示纸张,但初中核心考点为 piece;peace 是形近干扰词,意为和平
A boy 作定语修饰 student,只变中心词 student,boy 保持单数
B my sister’s 省略后面 dictionary,表示 “我姐姐的字典”
A 名词作定语一律用单数,tomato、beef 均不变形,beef 无复数 beefs
B 空格作主语,需名词 height(高度);high 形容词;highly 副词;higher 比较级,均不能作主语
过关三 综合突破(短文填空答案)
exercises morning exercises 早操,固定复数搭配
activities different kinds of 后接可数名词复数
teachers 根据后文讲述故事,多名老师,用复数
friends two 后名词变复数
boy a 15-year-old 后接单数 boy
girl one…the other 对应单数 girl
vegetables 表示各类蔬菜,常用复数
children all 后接 child 不规则复数 children
camp camp 作定语修饰 life,名词作定语用单数
gifts some 后可数名词 gift 变复数

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