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九年级英语（外研版）衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题三 数词与介词
【涉及教材单元】
七上 Starter：基数词 1—100、时间介词 in/on/at
七上 Unit 1 A new start：序数词、日期表达、编号表达
七下 Unit 3 Food matters：数量与价格表达
七下 Unit 6 Hitting the road：by + 交通工具
八上 Unit 1 This is me：年龄表达（at the age of /in one’s twenties）
八上 Unit 4 Digital life：方式介词 by/with/in
八下 Unit 3 What makes a great team ：方位介词 across/through/over
【考点精讲】
考点一 基数词与序数词
一、基数词构成规则
基数词表示人 / 事物数量。百以内规律清晰，百位以上加 and。
分类 例词
1—12（独立单词） one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13—19（后缀 - teen） thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20—90 整十（后缀 - ty） twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21—99（十位 - 个位连字符） twenty-one, thirty-two, ninety-nine
百位以上（百位 + and + 后两位） 103 → one hundred and three；2,000 → two thousand
二、序数词构成规则及特殊变化
序数词表顺序，多数基数词 + th，特殊变形单独记忆。
变化规则 示例
一般直接加 - th four→fourth；six→sixth；ten→tenth
t 结尾只加 - h eight→eighth
词尾去 e 加 - th nine→ninth
ve 结尾变 f，再加 - th five→fifth；twelve→twelfth
整十 y 变 ie，再加 - th twenty→twentieth；thirty→thirtieth
不规则特殊变化 one→first；two→second；three→third
缩写规则：阿拉伯数字 + 序数词末尾两字母
first→1st；second→2nd；third→3rd；fourth→4th；twenty-first→21st
the 用法
① 表正常顺序：序数词前加 the
the first lesson；the second floor
② 表 “再一、又一”：用不定冠词 a/an
I want to read the book a third time. 我想再读一遍这本书。
考点二 数词核心用法
一、年份、日期、时刻表达
年份：基数词，两位一组朗读
2026 → twenty twenty-six；2000 → two thousand
日期：月份基数词，日期序数词
书写：May 4th；朗读：May the fourth /the fourth of May
时刻：全部用基数词
8:15 = eight fifteen /a quarter past eight
8:30 = eight thirty /half past eight
8:45 = eight forty-five /a quarter to nine
二、年龄表达
at the age of + 基数词
He started learning English at the age of seven.
in one’s + 整十复数（…… 多岁）
in his twenties 在他二十多岁时
三、编号表达
两种格式，名词 + 基数词更常用
Lesson One = the first lesson
Room 205（读作 Room two o five）
Page 10（读作 Page ten）
四、分数与百分数
分数：分子基数词，分母序数词；分子＞1，分母加 s
1/3 one third；2/3 two thirds
1/4 one quarter /one fourth；3/4 three quarters
百分数：基数词 + percent（永久不加 s）
25% twenty-five percent
主谓一致规则：谓语单复数由 of 后名词决定
Two thirds of the students are from the city.（students 复数→are）
70 percent of the water is polluted.（water 不可数→is）
五、hundred /thousand/million /billion 用法
口诀：有数不加 s，无数加 s 加 of
使用场景 结构 例句
前面有具体数字 数字 + hundred/thousand…（无 s、无 of） three hundred students
模糊约数、无具体数字 hundreds/thousands…+of + 名词（加 s、加 of） hundreds of students
错误示范：three hundreds students /hundred of people
正确示范：three hundred students /hundreds of people
拓展（九年级预习 倍数表达）
A is three times as big as B. A 是 B 的三倍大
A is three times bigger than B. A 比 B 大三倍
A is three times the size of B. A 是 B 的三倍大
考点三 高频介词分类辨析
介词不能单独作成分，必须搭配名词 / 代词 / 动名词构成介词短语，作状语、定语、表语。
一、时间介词 in /on/at /since/for
介词 使用场景 例句
in 长时间段：年、月、季节、世纪、泛指早中晚 in 2026；in May；in summer；in the morning
on 特指某一天 / 某天的早中晚（带修饰词） on May 4th；on Monday morning；on a cold day
at 具体时刻、短时间点 at 8:00；at noon；at night；at the moment
since 从过去时间点持续到现在（现在完成时） since 2020；since last year
for 持续一段时间（现在完成时） for two years；for three weeks
补充规则：
this/that/next/last/every 修饰时间词，前面不加介词
I will go to Beijing next week.（不加 in）
区分：
in the morning（泛指早晨）
on a cold morning（有天气修饰，特指某天早上）
on Monday morning（星期修饰，特指某天早上）
二、方位介词 in /on/at /across/through /over/above /between/among
介词 含义&用法 例句
in 在空间 / 范围内部 in the room；in China
on 在物体表面、有接触 on the desk；on the wall
at 小地点、点位 at the door；at the bus stop
across 平面横向穿过（马路、河面） walk across the road
through 立体空间内部穿过（森林、隧道、人群） walk through the forest
over 垂直正上方、越过、覆盖 a bridge over the river；jump over the wall
above 高于，不一定垂直 the sun above the mountain
between 两者之间 between you and me
among 三者及以上之间 among the three girls
易混对比：
across VS through
walk across the square 横穿广场（平面）
walk through the crowd 穿过人群（立体内部）
over VS above
bridge over the river 桥在河正上方（垂直）
plane above the clouds 飞机在云层上方（不垂直）
三、方式介词 by /with/in
介词 用法 例句
by 交通方式、抽象手段 by bus；by hand；by email
with 具体工具、身体部位、伴随 write with a pen；with my help
in 语言、颜料、颜色、书写材质 in English；in ink；in red
补充：by + 交通工具单数无冠词；交通工具前有形容词 / 物主代词，改用 on/in
on a big bus；in my car
四、其他高频介词 about /from/except /besides/against
介词 含义 例句
about 关于；大约 talk about；about 50 students
from 来自；从…… 起 come from；from Monday to Friday
except 除开（不包含在内） Everyone is here except Tom.
besides 除…… 之外（包含在内） Besides Tom, two others came.
against 反对；倚靠 against the wall；fight against
except & besides 核心区分：
Everyone laughed except Tom. 所有人都笑了，Tom 没笑（排除）
Besides Tom, everyone laughed. Tom 也笑了，其他人也笑了（包含）
五、动词 + 介词固定搭配
短语 释义 短语 释义
look at 看 look for 寻找
wait for 等待 ask for 请求、索要
pay for 为…… 付款 hear from 收到来信
hear of 听说 think of 想起、认为
think about 考虑 depend on 依靠、取决于
belong to 属于 agree with 同意某人
argue with 与…… 争吵 laugh at 嘲笑
shout at 冲…… 大喊 point at 指向
arrive in 到达（大地点：城市 / 国家） arrive at 到达（小地点：车站 / 学校）
六、形容词 + 介词固定搭配
短语 释义 短语 释义
good at 擅长 bad at 不擅长
afraid of 害怕 proud of 为…… 自豪
full of 充满 tired of 厌倦
interested in 对…… 感兴趣 strict with 对人严格
strict in 对事严格 different from 与…… 不同
the same as 和…… 相同 similar to 与…… 相似
friendly to 对…… 友好 polite to 对…… 礼貌
【高频失分点】
失分点 1 日期基数词、序数词混用
日期数字必须读序数词，书写可简写数字 + th/st/nd/rd
错误：May five
正确：May 5th（朗读 May the fifth）
失分点 2 时间介词 in/on/at 混淆
判断标准：时长＞一天用 in；特指某天用 on；具体时刻用 at
错误：He was born at 2020.
正确：He was born in 2020.
错误：I met her in a rainy day.
正确：I met her on a rainy day.
失分点 3 across /through/over 辨析错误
across：平面横穿；through：立体内部穿过；over：垂直上方越过
错误：The river runs across the city.
正确：The river runs through the city.（河流从城市内部穿过）
错误：The bird flew across the wall.
正确：The bird flew over the wall.（小鸟从墙上方越过）
失分点 4 except 与 besides 词义混淆
except：排除；besides：包含
Tom 没到场：All the students went to the park except Tom.
Tom 也到场：All the students went to the park besides Tom.
失分点 5 分数、百分数主谓一致
谓语单复数由 of 后名词决定
错误：Two thirds of the water were polluted.
正确：Two thirds of the water is polluted.（water 不可数→单数）
错误：One third of the students is from countryside.
正确：One third of the students are from countryside.（students 复数→复数）
失分点 6 hundred/thousand/million 单复数误用
有数字不加 s；无数字 + s+of
错误：three hundreds students /hundred of people
正确：three hundred students /hundreds of people
【九年级衔接预览】
九上 Unit2 金钱话题：大量价格、百分比、数字表达；
九上 Unit5 数据分析：说明文高频分数、百分数；
阅读难点：介词短语作定语、状语识别；
拓展倍数句型：A + 倍数 + as…as / 倍数 + 比较级 / 倍数 + the + 名词 (size/length)。
复习重点：序数词变形、in/on/at 辨析、across&through 区分、介词固定短语积累。
【三级过关精练】
过关一 基础达标
一、用所给词适当形式填空
There are ________ (twelve) months in a year. December is the ________ (twelve) month.
My birthday is on July ________ (nine).
About three ________ (five) of the students in our class wear glasses.
My grandfather is in his ________ (seventy), but he is very healthy.
Please turn to Page ________ (twenty) and read the text.
Our school is ________ (two) larger than theirs.
In our school, there are ________ (hundred) of students.
The train will arrive at a ________ past eight.
The ________ (five) question is the most difficult.
About 60 ________ (percent) of the students in our class like sports.
二、单项选择
— When is your father’s birthday
— It’s on ________ .
A. May five B. May fifth C. five May D. fifth May
There are ________ days in a week and Tuesday is the ________ day.
A. seven; third B. seventh; three C. seven; three D. seventh; third
About ________ of the students in our school are boys.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second third D. second thirds
I usually get up ________ 6:30 ________ the morning.
A. at; in B. at; on C. in; in D. in; at
The plane flew ________ the clouds and soon disappeared.
A. across B. above C. over D. through
He has lived in this city ________ 2018.
A. for B. since C. in D. at
Everyone went to the museum ________ Li Ming because he was ill.
A. besides B. about C. with D. except
Please write the letter ________ English.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
— How soon will the meeting start
— ________ ten minutes.
A. In B. After C. For D. Since
The man ________ a black hat is my uncle.
A. in B. on C. with D. by
过关二 能力提升
三、填入合适介词
We usually have a long holiday ________ October.
The old man goes to the park ________ foot every morning.
There is a bridge ________ the river. People can go across it.
I usually go to school ________ bike, but today I come ________ bus.
My best friend is sitting ________ me. We are at the same desk.
四、单项选择
The doctor told me to take the medicine ________ a day.
A. two B. two times C. second D. twice
The beautiful picture was drawn ________ a 5-year-old girl.
A. with B. by C. in D. for
The train went ________ the tunnel and arrived at the station.
A. across B. through C. over D. on
We have studied English ________ three years.
A. in B. since C. for D. from
— How soon will you finish the work
— ________ half an hour.
A. In B. After C. For D. Since
________ my surprise, he passed the exam.
A. In B. At C. To D. For
There is a big tree ________ the house.
A. in front of B. in the front of C. at front of D. on front of
He goes to the library ________ a week.
A. two B. twice C. second D. two time
________ of the work has been finished.
A. Two thirds B. Two third C. Second thirds D. Second third
There are ________ people in the park on weekends.
A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds of
过关三 综合突破
短文填空：每空填 1 个词
The city of London has a long history. It was founded ________ 36 about 2,000 years ago. Today, it is one of the ________ 37(large) cities in the world. The River Thames runs ________38the city and divides it into two parts. There are many bridges ________ 39the river. The most famous one is Tower Bridge.
London is famous ________ 40 its museums and theatres. Every year, millions of tourists come here ________ 41plane or by train. The British Museum is one of the ________ 42(big) museums in the world. It has more than 8 ________ 43 (million) objects. If you want to visit London, the best time is ________ 44autumn. The weather is cool and comfortable. You can enjoy the beautiful scenery ________ 45 the city from the London Eye.
参考答案与详细解析
过关一 基础达标
一、词形填空
twelve; twelfth解析：第一空表数量用基数词 twelve；第二空表顺序 “第十二” 用序数词 twelfth。
ninth解析：日期用序数词，nine 去 e 加 th 变形为 ninth。
fifths解析：分数分子 3＞1，分母 fifth 加 s。
seventies解析：in one’s + 整十复数，表 “七十多岁”。
Twenty解析：编号 “Page + 基数词”，基数词首字母大写。
twice解析：twice 表示 “两倍”，表倍数。
hundreds解析：hundreds of 固定搭配，数百的。
quarter解析：a quarter past eight 八点十五分。
fifth解析：the + 序数词，第五道题。
percent解析：percent 永远不加 s，60 percent 百分之六十。
二、单项选择
B解析：日期格式 月份 + 序数词，May fifth。
A解析：七天用基数词 seven；第三天用序数词 third。
B解析：分子 two 基数词，分子大于 1 分母 third 变 thirds。
A解析：具体时刻 6:30 用 at；泛指早上 in the morning。
D解析：飞机从云层内部穿过用 through。
B解析：since 后接年份时间点，搭配现在完成时。
D解析：李明生病没来，排除在外用 except。
C解析：in English 固定搭配，用英语。
A解析：in + 时间段，用于一般将来时，表 “多久之后”。
C解析：with 表穿戴、外貌特征；in 后直接接衣物 / 颜色。
过关二 能力提升
三、介词填空
in解析：月份前用 in。
on解析：on foot 固定短语，步行。
over解析：桥在河面垂直上方用 over。
by；by解析：by bike /by bus 交通方式固定搭配。
beside /next to解析：坐在旁边，两者均可。
四、单项选择
D解析：twice a day 一天两次，表频率最优表达。
B解析：被动语态 by 引出动作执行者。
B解析：火车穿过隧道（立体空间内部）用 through。
C解析：for + 持续三年时间段，搭配现在完成时。
A解析：in half an hour 半小时后，将来时。
C解析：to one’s surprise 固定搭配，令某人惊讶的是。
A解析：in front of 在物体外部前方；in the front of 在物体内部前部。
B解析：twice a week 一周两次，表频率。
A解析：分数分子 two，分母 third+s。
B解析：hundreds of 数百；有数字时 hundred 不加 s。
过关三 综合突破（短文填空）
about （大约两千年前）
largest （one of the + 形容词最高级）
through （河流穿过城市内部）
over /across （桥横跨河面）
for （be famous for 因…… 闻名）
by （by plane 坐飞机）
biggest （one of the + 最高级）
million （前面有数字 8，million 不加 s）
in （季节 autumn 前介词 in）
of （the scenery of the city 城市的风景，of 表所属）

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