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九年级英语（外研版）衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题七 非谓语动词：不定式与动名词
【教材出处】
七下 Unit 1 The secrets of happiness：动名词作主语（Reading is fun.）
八上 Module 1 “How to learn English”：疑问词 + 不定式（how to improve English）
八上 Module 2 “My home town and my country”：It takes sb + 时间 + to do
八上 Module 5 Unit 1 “I wanted to see the Beijing Opera”：不定式作宾语（want/decide/hope）
八上 Module 6 Unit 1 “It allows people to get closer to them”：不定式作宾语补足语（allow/ask/tell/want sb to do）
八上 Module 7 “A famous story”：see sb do /see sb doing
八下 Unit 1 Career talks：不定式作目的状语、It’s + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do
八下 Unit 3 What makes a great team ：too…to /enough to
八下 Unit 4 Helping out：动词 + doing（enjoy/finish/mind/practice/keep/avoid）
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature：be used to doing
【考点精讲】
考点一 非谓语动词概述
一个简单句中只能有一套谓语动词，其余动词必须使用非谓语形式。非谓语分三类：不定式 (to do)、动名词 (doing)、分词 (现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)。本专题仅讲解不定式与动名词。
形式 核心含义 可充当句子成分
to do（不定式） 表目的、将来、单次具体动作 宾语、宾补、状语、定语、主语
doing（动名词） 表泛指、习惯性、经常性动作 主语、宾语、介词宾语
补充区分：动名词 doing 本质相当于名词；现在分词 doing 相当于形容词 / 副词，二者书写形式一致、句法功能完全不同。
考点二 动词不定式（to do）的句法功能
一、作宾语
1. 动词 + to do（固定搭配）
动词 释义 例句
want 想要 I want to buy a new bike.
decide 决定 He decided to study abroad.
hope 希望 She hopes to visit Beijing.
agree 同意 They agreed to help us.
plan 计划 We plan to travel to Shanghai.
learn 学习 He learned to swim by himself.
wish 盼望 I wish to become a doctor.
choose 选择 She chose to stay at home.
afford 负担得起 We can’t afford to buy a car.
refuse 拒绝 He refused to answer the question.
promise 承诺 She promised to come on time.
pretend 假装 He pretended to be asleep.
特殊结构：不定式作宾语且后带宾补时，用 it 作形式宾语，不定式后置。
例：I find it interesting to learn English.（it 形式宾语，to learn English 真正宾语）
2. 疑问词 + to do
结构：疑问词 (what/which/when/where/how/whether)+ 不定式，等同于宾语从句简化，可作动词 / 介词宾语。
作动词宾语
I don’t know what to do. = I don’t know what I should do.
She is learning how to cook. = She is learning how she can cook.
作介词宾语
He asked me about where to go. = He asked me about where he should go.
使用要点：what/which 在不定式内部充当主语或宾语；where/when/how 仅作状语。
例：I don’t know what to buy.（what 作 buy 宾语）；I don’t know where to go.（where 作地点状语）
二、作宾语补足语
结构：动词 + sb + to do，否定式统一为 sb not to do
动词 释义 例句
tell 告诉 She told me to wait here.
ask 请求 He asked me to help him.
want 想要 I want you to go with me.
allow 允许 They don’t allow us to smoke here.
encourage 鼓励 The teacher encouraged us to try again.
advise 建议 The doctor advised me to rest.
expect 期待 We expect you to succeed.
warn 警告 He warned me not to go there.
否定示例：He told me not to be late.
三、作目的状语
表 “为了……”，可放句末（常规）或句首（强调目的）；可用 in order to 替换加强语气，so as to 不能置于句首。
句末：She went to Beijing to study Chinese.
句首：To get good grades, we must study hard.
四、作后置定语
放在名词 / 不定代词后，表 “将要去做的……”；若修饰不及物动词，末尾必须补充对应介词。
I have a lot of homework to do.
She needs a room to live in.（live 不及物，必须加 in）
He is looking for something to eat.
拓展搭配：a pen to write with、a chair to sit on
五、作主语
常用 it 作形式主语，不定式后置，避免句子头重脚轻。
句型 1：It + be + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do sth
for sb：形容词描述事物本身属性（easy/difficult/important/necessary）
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
of sb：形容词描述人的性格品质（kind/nice/clever/foolish/polite）
It’s kind of you to help me.
句型 2：It takes/took sb + 时间段 + to do sth 做某事花费某人多久
It takes me half an hour to get to school.
It took her two hours to finish the work.
六、省略 to 的不定式（感官 / 使役动词）
主动语态中，see/watch/hear/notice/feel/make/let/have 后接宾语 + 动词原形（省 to）；被动语态必须还原 to。
分类 动词 基础结构 例句
感官动词 see/watch/hear/notice/feel see sb do sth I saw him enter the room.
使役动词 make/let/have make sb do sth She made me wait for an hour.
关键区分：see sb do vs see sb doing
see sb do：看见动作完整全过程
I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过完了马路）
see sb doing：看见动作正在发生
I saw him crossing the street.（我看见他当时正在过马路）
被动还原 to 示例
主动：I saw him enter the room.
被动：He was seen to enter the room.
主动：She made me wait.
被动：I was made to wait for an hour.
七、不定式核心句型汇总
too + 形 / 副 + to do 太…… 而不能……
She is too young to go to school.
形 / 副 + enough + to do 足够…… 可以做……
He is old enough to drive a car.
疑问词 + to do 该如何 / 何时 / 何地做……
I don’t know what to say.
注意：too…to 本身自带否定含义，无需额外加 not；enough 修饰形容词 / 副词时后置。
考点三 动名词（doing）的句法功能
一、作宾语（固定搭配）
动词、介词短语后接 doing 作宾语
动词/短语 释义 例句
enjoy 喜爱 She enjoys reading novels.
finish 完成 He finished writing the report.
mind 介意 Would you mind opening the window
practice 练习 I practice playing the piano every day.
keep 持续、保持 Keep working hard.
avoid 避免 We should avoid making mistakes.
consider 考虑 She considered moving to a new city.
suggest 建议 He suggested going to the park.
imagine 想象 I can’t imagine living without water.
miss 错过 She missed catching the train.
give up 放弃 He gave up smoking.
look forward to 期待 We look forward to meeting you.
be good at 擅长 She is good at swimming.
be afraid of 害怕 He is afraid of speaking in public.
be used to 习惯于 She is used to getting up early.
pay attention to 注意 You should pay attention to listening in class.
feel like 想要 I feel like eating something.
can’t help 忍不住 I can’t help laughing.
判断 to 的属性：to 后接动词原形 = 不定式符号；to 后接名词 /doing = 介词。
二、作主语
动名词表泛指习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数。
Reading is fun.
Swimming is good for health.
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
对比不定式作主语：
Reading makes me happy.（泛指阅读这件事）
To read this book is my plan for today.（特指今天要读书这个具体计划）
三、作介词宾语
介词后只能用 doing，不能用 to do
She is interested in dancing.
He left without saying goodbye.
Thank you for helping me.
考点四 同一动词后 to do/doing 含义不同
动词 +to do（未发生/将来） +doing（已发生/正在做）
remember 记得要去做某事 记得做过某事
forget 忘记要去做某事 忘记曾经做过某事
regret 将要做，感到遗憾 做过某事，感到后悔
stop 停下当前事，去做另一件 停止正在做的事
try 努力、尽力去做 尝试某种方法做
go on 做完一件，继续做另一件 不间断继续做同一件事
mean 打算、计划做 意味着
例句对比
Remember to close the window.（记得待会关窗，还没关）
I remember closing the window.（我记得之前关过窗）
He forgot to turn off the light.（忘了关灯，灯现在亮着）
He forgot turning off the light.（不记得自己曾经关过灯）
Stop to have a rest.（停下手里的活，去休息）
Stop having a rest.（别再休息了，继续干活）
I try to learn English well.（我尽全力学好英语）
I try learning English by listening to music.（我试着用听歌的方法学英语）
【高频失分点】
失分点一 不定式漏写 to
want/decide/hope/agree/plan/learn/wish/choose/afford/refuse/promise/pretend 后必须加 to do，不可直接加动词原形。
误：I want go shopping.
正：I want to go shopping.
失分点二 被动语态省略 to 的不定式忘记还原 to
主动：I saw him enter the room.
被动：He was seen to enter the room.
误：He was seen enter the room.
失分点三 see sb do /see sb doing 语境混淆
全过程、动作结束用 do；
某一时刻动作正在发生用 doing。
I saw him cross the street and then he disappeared.（完整过程，cross）
I saw him crossing the street when I was waiting for the bus.（当时正在过马路，crossing）
失分点四 介词后误用 to do
look forward to /be good at /be afraid of /be used to /pay attention to /give up /feel like /can’t help，短语中 to 为介词，后接 doing。
误：I look forward to see you.
正：I look forward to seeing you.
失分点五 remember/forget/stop/try 两类搭配语义混淆
解题判断逻辑：动作是否已经完成。
误：I remember to lock the door, but I can’t find the key.（逻辑矛盾，门已经锁了，用 doing）
正：I remember locking the door, but I can’t find the key.
失分点六 区分 used to do /be used to doing
短语 to属性 含义 例句
used to do 不定式符号 过去常常（现在不） I used to get up late.
be used to doing 介词 习惯于 I am used to getting up late.
误：I used to getting up late.
正：I used to get up late.
【九年级衔接预览】
九年级 Module 7 Great books：不定式作结果状语、动名词复合结构 one’s doing；
九年级 Module 8 My future life：不定式定语、目的状语拓展。
九年级阅读与写作中非谓语动词出现频率大幅提升，复习重点：动词搭配、被动还原 to、区分介词 to 与不定式 to、疑问词 + 不定式。
三级过关精练
过关一 基础达标
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
She wants ________ (visit) the Great Wall.
I enjoy ________ (read) books in my free time.
He decided ________ (study) abroad after graduation.
Would you mind ________ (close) the window
She is good at ________ (dance).
I saw him ________ (cross) the street when I was waiting for the bus.
It’s important ________ (learn) English well.
He finished ________ (write) the report yesterday.
She practices ________ (play) the piano every day.
We plan ________ (travel) to Shanghai next week.
二、单项选择
She hopes ________ to the party.
A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
I enjoy ________ in the river in summer.
A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam
The teacher told us ________ late for school.
A. not to be B. not be C. to not be D. don’t be
She went to the library ________ some books.
A. borrow B. to borrow C. borrowing D. borrowed
I remember ________ the door, but I’m not sure.
A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked
He is used to ________ up early.
A. get B. getting C. gets D. got
I saw him ________ the street when I was waiting for the bus.
A. cross B. to cross C. crossed D. crossing
She is looking forward to ________ you.
A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw
It’s kind ________ you to help me.
A. for B. with C. to D. of
He stopped ________ a rest because he was tired.
A. to have B. have C. having D. had
过关二 能力提升
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
Please remember ________ (turn) off the light when you leave.
I can’t help ________ (laugh) when I see the funny picture.
She pretended ________ (be) asleep when her mother came in.
We should avoid ________ (make) the same mistake.
He was made ________ (work) 12 hours a day.
四、单项选择
She decided ________ a new job.
A. find B. to find C. finding D. found
I enjoy ________ with my friends on weekends.
A. chat B. to chat C. chatting D. chatted
The teacher encouraged us ________ hard.
A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study
He went to the station ________ his friend.
A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met
I forgot ________ the window. It’s still open.
A. close B. closed C. closing D. to close
She is afraid of ________ in public.
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke
I saw the boy ________ the classroom quietly when the teacher was writing on the blackboard.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
It’s difficult ________ the problem in 5 minutes.
A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved
He tried ________ the door, but it was locked.
A. to open B.open C. opening D. opened
She looks forward to ________ you again.
A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw
过关三 综合突破
五、短文填空：用括号内动词的不定式 / 动名词形式填空
Last summer, I decided ________ 36 (learn) how to swim. My father encouraged me ________37 (take) swimming lessons. I was afraid of ________ 38 (dive) into the water at first, but my teacher taught me ________39(relax) in the water.
I practiced ________ 40 (swim) every day. After two weeks, I could swim 50 metres without ________ 41 (stop). I remember ________42 (feel) very proud when I swam across the pool for the first time. My father promised ________ 43(take) me to the beach next summer. I can’t wait ________44 (go) there. I am looking forward to ________ 45 (swim) in the sea.
参考答案与解析
过关一 基础达标
一、动词适当形式填空
to visit （want to do 固定搭配）
reading （enjoy doing 固定搭配）
to study （decide to do）
closing （mind doing）
dancing （at 是介词，介词后 doing）
crossing （when 引导过去进行时，强调当时动作正在发生，see sb doing）
to learn （It’s + adj. + to do 形式主语句型）
writing （finish doing）
playing （practice doing）
to travel （plan to do）
二、单项选择
B hope 后只能接 to do，无 hope doing 结构
C enjoy 固定搭配 doing
A tell sb not to do 不定式否定式 not to do
B to borrow 作目的状语，表 “去图书馆借书”
C remember doing 记得做过；后文 but I’m not sure 说明已经锁过门
B be used to doing 习惯于，to 是介词
D 等车时看见过马路，动作正在进行，see sb doing
C look forward to 中 to 为介词，后接 doing
D kind 形容人的品格，用 of；形容事物难度重要性用 for
A stop to do 停下手中事去休息；stop doing 停止休息，与句意矛盾
过关二 能力提升
三、动词填空
to turn remember to do 记得将要关灯（出门前提醒，未发生）
laughing can’t help doing 忍不住做某事
to be pretend to do 假装……
making avoid doing 避免做某事
to work make sb do 主动省 to；被动 sb be made to do，必须还原 to
四、单项选择
B decide to do
C enjoy chatting
D encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事
B to meet 作目的状语，去车站接朋友
D forget to do 忘记要关，窗户还开着，动作未完成
C of 是介词，be afraid of doing 害怕当众说话
C 老师板书时男孩正走进教室，动作进行中 see sb entering
B It’s difficult to do 固定句型
A try to do 努力尝试开门；门是锁着的，侧重付出努力
B look forward to seeing，to 为介词
过关三 综合突破（短文填空）
to learn decide to do
to take encourage sb to do
diving of 是介词，be afraid of doing
to relax teach sb to do
swimming practice doing
stopping without 介词，后接 doing
feeling remember doing，游泳完感到自豪，动作已发生
to take promise to do
to go can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事
swimming look forward to doing

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