九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备·七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题八 词性转换综合(含答案)

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九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备·七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题八 词性转换综合(含答案)

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九年级英语(外研版)衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题八 词性转换综合
【教材出处】
七上 Unit 1 A new start:动词变名词(-tion、-er)
七上 Unit 5 The power of plants:名词变形容词(-y、-ful、-less)
七下 Unit 4 The art of having fun:形容词变副词(-ly);动词变名词(-ance/-ence:appear→appearance)
八上 Unit 1 This is me:动词变名词(-ment、-tion)、形容词变副词
八上 Unit 5 Play by the rules :前缀派生(un-、re-、dis-)
八下 Unit 5 Looking into nature:动词变形容词(-ed /-ing)
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature:名词变形容词(-al、-ous);动词变名词(-ance/-ence:exist→existence)
【考点精讲】
考点一 动词变名词
1. 后缀 -tion /-sion
动词 名词 变化规则
educate education 直接加 - tion
invent invention 直接加 - tion
celebrate celebration 词尾去 e 加 - tion
introduce introduction 直接加 - tion
pronounce pronunciation 去 e、变 u,加 - ation(特殊拼写)
decide decision 词尾 de 改为 s,加 - ion
discuss discussion 直接加 - sion
注意:以 - te 结尾动词变名词,大多去 e 加 - tion;pronounce 为特殊变形,单独记忆。
2. 后缀 -ment
动词 名词 变化规则
develop development 直接加 - ment
agree agreement 直接加 - ment
improve improvement 直接加 - ment
achieve achievement 去 e 加 - ment
move movement 去 e 加 - ment
enjoy enjoyment 直接加 - ment
3. 后缀 -ance /-ence
动词 名词 词义
appear appearance 出现;外貌
disappear disappearance 消失
exist existence 存在
perform performance 表演;表现
4. 后缀 -ing(动名词 / 物品名词)
动词 名词 变化规则
build building 直接加 - ing
paint painting 直接加 - ing
swim swimming 重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音 + ing
shop shopping 重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音 + ing
5. 后缀 -er /-or(表人 / 工具)
动词 名词 词义
teach teacher 教师
work worker 工人
drive driver 司机
write writer 作家
run runner 跑步者(双写 n)
swim swimmer 游泳者(双写 m)
invent inventor 发明家
act actor 演员
visit visitor 游客
注意:-er、-or 无统一区分规则,积累固定词;常用 - or 词:actor、inventor、visitor、director、professor。
6. 基数词变序数词
基数词 序数词 变化规则
one first 特殊变化
two second 特殊变化
three third 特殊变化
four fourth 直接加 - th
five fifth ve 变 f,加 - th
eight eighth 去 t,加 - th
nine ninth 去 e,加 - th
twelve twelfth ve 变 f,加 - th
twenty twentieth y 变 ie,加 - th
7. 零派生(动词、名词同形)
change、help、show、talk、walk、answer、dream
考点二 形容词变副词
1. 规则变化
单词特征 变化规则 例词
普通形容词 直接加 - ly quick→quickly;careful→carefully
辅音字母 + y 结尾 y 变 i,再加 - ly happy→happily;easy→easily
-le 结尾 去掉 e,变 - le 为 - ly terrible→terribly;possible→possibly
-ic 结尾 加 - ally basic→basically;scientific→scientifically
-ll 结尾 加 - y full→fully
2. 形副同形(无 ly)
hard、fast、late、early、long
例句:He works hard. / She runs fast.
3. 不规则特殊变化
good → well
bad → badly
易错提醒:以 - ly 结尾,但词性为形容词,不是副词:friendly、lovely、lonely、lively、daily、weekly、monthly。
考点三 名词变形容词
1. 后缀 -y(天气 / 特征类)
名词 形容词 规则
sun sunny 双写 n 加 - y
cloud cloudy 直接加 - y
rain rainy 直接加 - y
wind windy 直接加 - y
luck lucky 词尾 y 变 i 加 - y
health healthy 词尾 y 变 i 加 - y
noise noisy 去 e 加 - y
2. 后缀 -ly(表属性)
friend→friendly;love→lovely;day→daily;week→weekly;month→monthly
3. 后缀 -ful(充满…… 的,褒义)
care→careful;use→useful;hope→hopeful;help→helpful;meaning→meaningful;wonder→wonderful;success→successful(y 变 i 加 - ful)
4. 后缀 -less(无…… 的,与 - ful 相反)
care→careless;use→useless;home→homeless;hope→hopeless;help→helpless
5. 后缀 -al
nature→natural;education→educational;tradition→traditional;person→personal;nation→national;music→musical
6. 后缀 -ous
danger→dangerous;humor→humorous;mountain→mountainous;courage→courageous(去 e 加 - ous)
7. 后缀 -able
comfort→comfortable;fashion→fashionable;knowledge→knowledgeable(去 e 加 - able)
8. 特殊变形
国家类:China→Chinese;Japan→Japanese;England→English
方位词:west→western
考点四 动词变形容词
1. -ed /-ing 分词形容词(最高频)
区分核心:
-ed:修饰人,表达 “人感到……”;也可修饰 look/voice 等表情绪的名词
-ing:修饰事物,表达 “令人…… 的”
动词 -ed 形容词 -ing 形容词
interest interested(感兴趣的) interesting(有趣的)
excite excited(兴奋的) exciting(令人激动的)
bore bored(无聊的) boring(乏味的)
tire tired(疲惫的) tiring(累人的)
amaze amazed(吃惊的) amazing(令人惊奇的)
surprise surprised(惊讶的) surprising(出人意料的)
frighten frightened(害怕的) frightening(吓人的)
例句:She has a tired look. / He gave an exciting speech.
2. -ive 等后缀派生形容词
create→creative;act→active;enjoy→enjoyable;live→lively;forget→forgetful;imagine→imaginative
后缀 - ive 含义:有…… 特质、倾向的。
考点五 前缀派生(只改变词义,不改变词性)
1. 否定前缀 un-(通用)
happy→unhappy;usual→unusual;kind→unkind;healthy→unhealthy;important→unimportant;comfortable→uncomfortable;friendly→unfriendly
2. 否定前缀 in-/im-/il-/ir-(按单词首字母区分)
前缀 使用条件 例词
im- b/m/p 开头单词 possible→impossible;polite→impolite;patient→impatient
il- l 开头单词 legal→illegal
ir- r 开头单词 regular→irregular
in- 其余大部分单词 active→inactive;correct→incorrect
3. 前缀 re- 再次、重新
write→rewrite;tell→retell;view→review;cycle→recycle;build→rebuild
4. 前缀 dis- 相反、否定
like→dislike;appear→disappear;agree→disagree;honest→dishonest
5. 前缀 en- 使……
joy→enjoy;courage→encourage;danger→endanger
四、高频失分点
动词变名词后缀混淆
错误:decide→decidement /discuss→discussment
正确:decide→decision;discuss→discussion
规律:de 结尾动词常变 de 为 s 加 - ion;ss 结尾直接加 - sion。
形容词变副词变形失误
true→truly(去 e 变 y 加 ly);terrible→terribly(le 改 ly);happy→happily(y 变 i 加 ly)
否定前缀误用
错误:unpossible /unlegal
正确:impossible(p 开头用 im-);illegal(l 开头用 il-)
-ed /-ing 形容词混用
错误:The movie is interested. / I am interesting in English.
正确:The movie is interesting. / I am interested in English.
五、九年级衔接预览
九年级阅读生词量大,大量派生词、合成词,需借助构词法猜词,复习重点:后缀识别、否定前缀规则、形容词变副词变形。
三级过关精练
过关一 基础达标
一、用所给词适当形式填空
She is a very ________ (create) artist.
We should be ________ (care) when we cross the street.
He is ________ (true) sorry for what he said.
The weather here is ________ (cloud) today.
I feel ________ (tire) after a long walk.
She is ________ (friend) to everyone.
He is an ________ (invent) of many useful things.
The story is very ________ (interest).
We should eat ________ (health) food.
She can speak English ________ (fluent).
二、单项选择
It is ________ for you to finish the work in such a short time.
A. possible B. possibly C. possibility D. impossible
She is a ________ girl. Everyone likes her.
A. love B. loving C. lovelily D. lovely
Please speak ________ so that everyone can hear you.
A. loud B. loudly C. louder D. more loud
The movie is ________. I am ________ in it.
A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting
C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested
He is a ________ man. He always makes people laugh.
A. humor B. humorously C. humorous D. humors
We should ________ the story in our own words.
A. tell B. retell C. told D. telling
The sun is shining ________ today.
A. bright B. brightest C. brighter D. brightly
She is ________ because she didn’t pass the exam.
A. happy B. happily C. unhappy D. unhappily
The road is full of ________, so we must drive slowly.
A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. dangers
I enjoy ________ in the sea.
A. swim B. swimming C. swimmer D. swam
过关二 能力提升
三、用所给词适当形式填空
The ________ (develop) of technology has changed our lives.
The children were ________ (excite) about the school trip.
She made a ________ (decide) to study abroad.
It is ________ (possible) for us to finish the work in one day.
The teacher gave us some ________ (use) advice.
四、单项选择
The ________ of the city has grown quickly.
A. population B. popular C. populate D. populated
She is a ________ girl. She always helps others.
A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping
The story is very ________. I am ________ in it.
A. interesting; interesting B. interested; interested
C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
We should protect the ________ environment.
A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. nation
He is ________ in his class.
A. success B. succeed C. successfully D. successful
The ________ of the meeting is to discuss the plan.
A. purpose B. purposed C. purposeful D. purposely
She speaks English ________.
A. fluent B. fluently C. fluency D. more fluent
The ________ is very important for our health.
A. educate B. educated C. educational D. education
She is a ________ woman. She never gives up.
A. determination B. determine C. determined D. determining
The news made us ________.
A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising D. surprisingly
过关三 综合突破
五、短文词形填空
Do you know the ________ 36(important) of reading Reading is not only a ________37(use) skill but also a great way to relax. It can make us ________ 38 (knowledge) and improve our ________ 39(imagine).
My friend Lucy is a ________40 (love) girl who enjoys reading ________41 (history) books. She is ________ 42 (interest) in ancient history. She often visits the library and borrows books ________ 43 (regular). She says reading makes her feel ________ 44 (happily) and helps her become more ________ 45 (create).
参考答案与详细解析
过关一 基础达标
一、词形填空
creative 修饰名词 artist,形容词表 “有创造力的”
careful 固定搭配 be careful(小心)
truly 副词修饰形容词 sorry
cloudy 形容词作表语,多云的
tired 修饰人,表 “感到疲惫”
friendly be friendly to 对…… 友好
inventor 名词,发明家
interesting 修饰事物 story,令人有趣的
healthy 形容词修饰 food,健康的
fluently 副词修饰动词 speak
二、单项选择
A It is + adj. to do;impossible 语义不符,其余词性错误
D lovely 形容词修饰 girl;lovelily 为错误拼写
B 副词 loudly 修饰动词 speak;无比较级提示,排除 C、D
A 事物用 interesting,人用 interested
C humorous 形容词修饰 man;其余词性不符
B should 后用动词原形;retell 复述
D 副词 brightly 修饰实义动词 shining
C 没通过考试,心情不开心,用形容词 unhappy
A of 后接名词 danger,此处泛指危险,不用复数
B 固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.
过关二 能力提升
三、词形填空
development 主语用名词,发展
excited 修饰人 children,感到兴奋的
decision 固定搭配 make a decision 做决定
impossible p 开头,否定前缀 im-,不可能的
useful 形容词修饰名词 advice,有用的
四、单项选择
A 主语需名词 population(人口)
B helpful 修饰 girl,乐于助人的;helpless 语义相反
C 事物用 interesting,人用 interested
B natural 形容词修饰 environment,自然的
D 系动词后用形容词 successful 作表语
A 主语用名词 purpose(目的)
B 副词 fluently 修饰动词 speaks
D 主语用名词 education(教育)
C determined 形容词修饰 woman,坚定的
B make sb. + 形容词;surprised 修饰人的感受
过关三 综合突破 语篇填空
importance the + 名词 + of …… 的重要性
useful 形容词修饰 skill,有用的
knowledgeable make sb. + adj. 使某人知识渊博
imagination our 后接名词,想象力
lovely 形容词修饰 girl,可爱的
historical 形容词修饰 books,历史类的
interested 固定搭配 be interested in 对…… 感兴趣
regularly 副词修饰动词 borrows,定期地
happy feel 系动词后接形容词,不用副词 happily
creative more 后接形容词原级,有创造力的

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