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九年级英语（外研版）衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题十 动词时态（二）：现在进行、过去进行、现在完成
【教材出处】
七上 Unit 6 Fantastic friends：现在进行时（描述此刻正在进行的动作）
八上 Module 7 “A famous story”：过去进行时（描述过去某时刻正在发生的动作）
八上 Module 8 “Accidents”：过去进行时与 when/while 的搭配使用
八下 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains：现在完成时（表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响）
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature：现在完成时（表示过去开始持续到现在的动作）
八上 Module 2 “My home town and my country”：瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换
八下 Unit 3 What makes a great team ：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
【考点精讲】
考点一 现在进行时
一、基本概念与用法
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或现阶段持续进行的动作。
此刻正在进行（标志词：now, Look!, Listen!）
She is reading a book now.
Listen! The birds are singing in the tree.
现阶段持续进行（近期一段时间，不一定此刻正在做）
I am studying for the exam these days.
We are preparing for the school sports meeting this month.
位移动词表计划、即将发生（go/come/leave/arrive/start/fly/travel 等）
We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
The train is arriving in five minutes.
与 always 连用，带主观情感（赞扬、厌烦、不满）
She is always helping others.（赞扬）
He is always talking in class.（厌烦）
二、谓语动词结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 She is reading a book.
否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 现在分词 She isn’t reading a book.
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 现在分词？ Is she reading a book
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. Yes, she is.
否定回答 No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. No, she isn’t.
三、现在分词变化规则
变化情况 规则 例词
一般动词 直接加 - ing read→reading；play→playing
不发音 e 结尾 去 e 加 - ing write→writing；dance→dancing
重读闭音节，末尾单辅音 双写末尾辅音 + ing swim→swimming；run→running
ie 结尾 变 ie 为 y，再加 - ing lie→lying；die→dying
四、现在进行时 vs 一般现在时
对比项 现在进行时 一般现在时
核心含义 此刻 / 现阶段正在做 经常性、习惯性动作、客观真理
标志性词 now, at the moment, these days, Look!, Listen! often, always, usually, sometimes, every day
例句 She is reading now.（此刻正在看书） She reads every day.（日常习惯）
考点二 过去进行时
一、基本概念与用法
表示过去某个具体时刻 / 时间段正在发生的动作。
过去某一时刻正在进行
I was watching TV at 8:00 last night.
She was cooking at that time.
过去某一段时长持续进行
He was writing a letter from 8:00 to 9:00 last night.
They were building a new school at this time last year.
过去两个长动作同步进行
While I was reading, my sister was singing.
二、谓语动词结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 I was reading at 8:00 last night.
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 I wasn’t reading at 8:00 last night.
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词？ Were you reading at 8:00 last night
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + was/were. Yes, I was.
否定回答 No, 主语 + was/were + not. No, I wasn’t.
三、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时
对比项 过去进行时 一般过去时
含义 过去某刻正在做（动作未完成） 过去完整做完（动作已结束）
例句 I was reading at 8:00 last night.（八点当时正在看书） I read a book last night.（昨晚完整看完一本书）
例句 She was washing the dishes when I came in.（进门瞬间她正在洗碗） She washed the dishes after dinner.（饭后完成洗碗）
四、when /while 搭配规则
when：后可接一般过去时（短暂动作）或过去进行时（长动作）；
while：后只能接过去进行时（持续长动作）。
句式结构 例句 说明
when + 一般过去时（短动作） I was reading when he came in. came 是瞬间短动作
when + 过去进行时（双长动作） She was cooking when I was watching TV. 两个动作同步持续
while + 过去进行时（长动作） While I was reading, he came in. reading 为持续长动作
while + 两个过去进行时 While I was reading, my sister was singing. 两者同步持续进行
总结：when 可长可短；while 只接长动作（进行时）。
拓展：was/were going to 表过去将来
was/were going to + 动词原形，表示过去计划打算做，但最终未实现。
She was going to visit her aunt, but she changed her mind.
They were going to build a new school here, but they didn’t.
考点三 现在完成时
一、三大核心用法
现在完成时描述过去发生，但和现在紧密关联的动作，分三类：
已完成用法：动作过去做完，留下当下结果 / 影响
I have already finished my homework.（写完了，现在可以休息）
She has just left.（刚走，人现在不在）
未完成用法：过去启动，持续到现在，可能继续延续
I have lived here for 10 years.（十年前住到现在）
She has studied English since 2020.（2020 年学到现在）
经历用法：截至目前为止的人生经历
I have been to Beijing twice.
She has never eaten sushi.
二、谓语动词结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework.
否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 I haven’t finished my homework.
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you finished your homework
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + have/has. Yes, I have.
否定回答 No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. No, I haven’t.
三、常用时间标志词
词汇 使用场景 位置说明
already 肯定句 助动词后或句末
yet 否定 / 疑问句 只放句末
just 肯定句 have/has 与过去分词中间
ever 疑问句 have/has 与过去分词中间
never 否定含义 have/has 与过去分词中间
before 表从前 句末
since + 时间点 自从…… 后接年份、日期、一般过去时从句
for + 时间段 持续多久 后接数字 + years/days 等
so far / recently / in the past few years 到目前为止、最近、近几年 句首或句末
例句：
I have already seen the film.
She hasn’t finished her work yet.
He has just arrived.
I have never been to Shanghai.
We have lived here since 2020.
They have studied English for five years.
四、have been to /have gone to /have been in 辨析
短语 含义 例句 补充限制
have been to 去过某地（现已返回） I have been to Beijing twice. 可搭配次数 twice/three times
have gone to 去了某地（人还未回来） She has gone to Beijing. 不能搭配次数
have been in 在某地持续待了多久 He has been in Beijing for two years. 后接 for + 时间段
五、瞬间动词转换延续性动词
瞬间动词动作一瞬结束，不能与 for/since 时间段连用，需替换为延续状态：
瞬间动词 对应延续表达 中文释义
buy have had 购买→拥有
borrow / lend have kept 借→持有
leave have been away (from) 离开→不在本地
arrive / come / get / go have been in / at 到达 / 前往→身处某地
die have been dead 去世→离世状态
join have been in / have been a member of 加入→成为成员
begin / start have been on 开始→正在进行
finish / end have been over 结束→已落幕
return have been back 返回→已回来
正误对比：
I have bought this book for three years.
I have had this book for three years.
He has joined the army for two years.
He has been in the army for two years. / He has been a soldier for two years.
六、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
对比项 现在完成时 一般过去时
核心侧重 过去动作对现在的影响、持续到现在 单纯陈述过去事实，和当下无关
时间标志 already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far, recently yesterday, last night, …ago, in 2020, just now
例句 I have seen the film.（我看过，知道剧情） I saw the film yesterday.（只说明昨天看了，不提现在）
例句 She has lived here since 2018.（至今仍居住） She lived here in 2018.（当年住过，现在不一定）
拓展：现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
表示从过去持续到现在，强调动作不间断、持续很久，教材拓展了解：
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
She has been reading this book since morning.
【高频失分点】
失分点 1 现在分词双写判断错误
She is swiming now.
She is swimming now.
规则：重读闭音节 + 末尾仅 1 个辅音字母，双写辅音再加 - ing；高频词：swim, run, shop, begin。
失分点 2 when 与 while 混用
While he came in, I was reading.（came 是短暂动作，不能用 while）
When he came in, I was reading.
两个长动作同步进行时，while 优先：
While I was reading, he was singing.
失分点 3 since /for 混淆
I have lived here for 2020.
I have lived here since 2020.（since + 时间点）
I have lived here since three years.
I have lived here for three years.（for + 时间段）
失分点 4 瞬间动词搭配 for/since
He has died for three years.
He has been dead for three years.
I have borrowed this book for a week.
I have kept this book for a week.
失分点 5 have been to /have gone to 语境混淆
— Where is your father
He has been to Shanghai.（人不在现场，不能用 been to）
He has gone to Shanghai.
【九年级衔接预览】
九年级 Module 3 “Past passing by” 学习过去完成时（had + 过去分词），表示 “过去的过去”。该时态以现在完成时结构为基础，需要熟练掌握现在完成时结构、过去分词变形、与一般过去时区分。九年级阅读长难句会大量混合现在完成时、过去进行时复合句，需理清时态逻辑。
三级过关精练
过关一 基础达标
一、用所给动词适当形式填空
Look! The children ________ (play) football on the playground.
She ________ (watch) TV at 8:00 last night.
I ________ (finish) my homework already.
They ________ (live) in this city since 2020.
While we ________ (have) dinner, the phone rang.
She ________ (not see) the film yet.
He ________ (be) to Beijing three times.
I ________ (read) a book when he came in.
My sister ________ (be) ill for three days.
Listen! Someone ________ (knock) at the door.
二、单项选择
— Where is your mother
— She ________ to the supermarket.
A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. went
I ________ this book for two weeks.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had
— ________ you ever ________ to the Great Wall
— Yes, I have.
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go
She ________ TV when her mother came home.
A. is watching B. was watching C. watched D. has watched
They ________ in this school since 2018.
A. study B. studied C. have studied D. will study
Listen! The baby ________ .
A. cry B. cries C. is crying D. has cried
I ________ my homework yet. I’ll finish it soon.
A. don’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. won’t finish
While I ________ to music, my brother was playing games.
A. listen B. listened C. was listening D. have listened
He ________ in London for five years, but now he lives in New York.
A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live
— Where is your father
— He ________ to Beijing. He ________ there twice.
A. has been; has gone B. has gone; has been
C. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been
过关二 能力提升
三、用所给动词适当形式填空
He ________ (not finish) his work yet.
She ________ (wait) for the bus at 8:00 yesterday morning.
I ________ (know) him for ten years.
They ________ (build) a new school here at this time last year.
My grandfather ________ (die) for ten years.
四、单项选择
— I called you at 7:00 last night, but nobody answered.
— Oh, I ________ a shower at that time.
A. take B. took C. was taking D. have taken
My uncle ________ the Party in 2019. He ________ a Party member for five years.
A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been
C. joined; was D. has joined; was
— ________ you ________ your homework yet
— Not yet.
A. Do; finish B. Did; finish C. Have; finished D. Are; finishing
She ________ to the park every Sunday when she was young.
A. goes B. went C. has gone D. was going
I ________ a lot of photos during my trip to Beijing last summer.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. was taking
He ________ to school when it began to rain.
A. walks B. walked C. was walking D. has walked
We ________ each other since we were in primary school.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
Look at those dark clouds. It ________ rain.
A. will B. is going to C. would D. shall
— ________ you ________ to the new museum yet
— Yes, I have. I ________ there last week.
A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went
C. Did; go; have been D. Have; been; have been
The old man ________ for three years. We all miss him.
A. has died B. died C. has been dead D. was dead
过关三 综合突破
短文动词变形填空
I ________ 36 (live) in this small town since I was born. I ________ 37 (know) everyone here. My family ________ 38(move) here in 2010.
Last Sunday, I ________ 39 (walk) in the park when I ________ 40 (meet) my old friend Li Ming. I ________ 41 (not see) him for five years. He ________ 42 (change) a lot. While we ________ 43(talk), it ________ 44(begin) to rain. We ________ 45 (have) to say goodbye.
I ________ 46 (live) here for 15 years, and I ________ 47(never think) about leaving. This town ________ 48 (always be) my home.
参考答案与解析
过关一 基础达标
一、动词填空
are playing 解析：Look! 提示此刻正在进行，现在进行时
was watching 解析：at 8:00 last night 过去具体时刻，过去进行时
have finished 解析：already 搭配现在完成时，表已完成
have lived 解析：since + 年份，主句用现在完成时
were having 解析：while 后接过去进行时，长动作
hasn’t seen 解析：yet 用于否定句，现在完成时
has been 解析：three times 表经历，have been to
was reading 解析：when 从句短动作用一般过去，主句长动作用过去进行
has been dead 解析：for + 时间段，die 瞬间动词改为 be dead
is knocking 解析：Listen! 此刻正在发生，现在进行时
二、单项选择
B 解析：人不在现场，has gone to 去了未回；has been to 去过已回
B 解析：for two weeks 时间段，buy 瞬间动词改为 have had
A 解析：ever 疑问句搭配 have been to，询问经历
B 解析：过去某个瞬间正在做，过去进行时 was watching
C 解析：since 2018，现在完成时 have studied
C 解析：Listen! 现在进行时 is crying
C 解析：yet 否定句，现在完成时 haven’t finished
C 解析：while 从句用过去进行时 was listening
B 解析：前后对比，过去长期居住，现在不在，一般过去时 lived
B 解析：人不在用 has gone to；两次经历用 has been to
过关二 能力提升
三、动词填空
hasn’t finished 解析：yet 搭配现在完成时否定
was waiting 解析：过去具体八点，过去进行时
have known 解析：for ten years，know 延续动词，现在完成时
were building 解析：at this time last year 去年此时，过去进行时
has been dead 解析：for ten years，die 变延续状态 be dead
四、单项选择
C 解析：at that time 昨晚七点当时，过去进行时 was taking
A 解析：in 2019 具体过去时间用 joined；for five years 延续用 has been
C 解析：yet 搭配现在完成时 Have finished
B 解析：when she was young 过去习惯性动作，一般过去时 went
B 解析：last summer 明确过去时间，一般过去时 took
C 解析：下雨那一刻正在走路，过去进行时 was walking
C 解析：since 引导过去从句，主句现在完成时 have known
B 解析：乌云是明显迹象，用 is going to 表即将下雨；will 单纯预测
A 解析：询问经历 Have been to；last week 具体过去时间用 went
C 解析：for three years，die 改为 has been dead
过关三 综合突破
have lived 解析：since 出生，持续到现在，现在完成时
have known 解析：从小到现在一直认识，现在完成时
moved 解析：in 2010 过去年份，一般过去时
was walking 解析：过去正在散步，过去进行时
met 解析：偶遇是短暂动作，一般过去时
haven’t seen 解析：for five years，现在完成时否定
has changed 解析：变化对现在产生影响，现在完成时
were talking 解析：while 引导长动作，过去进行时
began 解析：下雨是短动作，一般过去时
had 解析：通篇过去叙事，一般过去时
have lived 解析：for 15 years，持续至今，现在完成时
have never thought 解析：never 搭配现在完成时
has always been 解析：always 搭配现在完成时，表一直以来

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