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九年级英语（外研版）衔接必备
七八年级核心考点精讲精练
专题十一 被动语态：结构与用法
【教材出处】
八下 Unit 4 Helping out：被动语态的基本概念（主动语态与被动语态对比）
八下 Unit 5 Looking into nature：一般现在时被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）
八下 Unit 6 Living with nature：一般过去时被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）
八下 Unit 3 What makes a great team ：含情态动词的被动语态（情态动词 + be + 过去分词）
【考点精讲】
考点一 被动语态的基本概念与结构
一、基本概念
英语动词分主动、被动两种语态：
主动语态：主语是动作执行者
例句：The boy broke the window. 男孩打破了窗户。（boy 执行 break 动作）
被动语态：主语是动作承受者
例句：The window was broken by the boy. 窗户被男孩打破了。（window 承受 break 动作）
关键限制：被动语态仅适用于及物动词；happen、take place、arrive、die、appear 等不及物动词无被动语态。
错误：The accident was happened yesterday.
正确：The accident happened yesterday.
二、基础句式结构
被动核心公式：be + 及物动词过去分词，be 随时态、人称、单复数变化
句式类型 完整结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) The book is written by him.
否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) The book is not written by him.
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) Is the book written by him
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者) Who was the book written by
补充说明：by + 执行者可省略，适用于执行者未知、无需点明的场景。
例：The window was broken.（窗户被打碎了，不知道是谁打碎的）
三、使用被动语态的三大场景
强调动作承受者，弱化动作发出者
The bridge was built in 2020. 重点突出桥梁建造时间，而非建造人。
动作执行者不明、无需指明
My bike was stolen yesterday.（不知道小偷是谁）
English is spoken in many countries.（无需说明说话人群）
委婉表达，刻意回避执行者
A mistake has been made. 出现了一处失误（不点明是谁犯错）
考点二 各时态被动语态形式汇总
所有时态被动均围绕be + 过去分词，仅改变 be 动词时态
时态 被动结构 例句
一般现在时 am /is/are + 过去分词 The room is cleaned every day.
一般过去时 was /were + 过去分词 The room was cleaned yesterday.
一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 /am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 The room will be cleaned tomorrow.
现在进行时 am /is/are + being + 过去分词 The room is being cleaned now.
过去进行时 was /were + being + 过去分词 The room was being cleaned at 8:00 last night.
现在完成时 have /has + been + 过去分词 The room has been cleaned already.
含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The room must be cleaned now.
中考分层要求：
必考：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、情态动词被动；
了解：现在进行、过去进行、现在完成时被动。
拓展 1：过去分词作表语 VS 被动语态
二者形式一致，核心区分：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语强调主语状态
被动语态（有 by 短语 / 明确动作时间，突出动作）
The door was locked by Tom just now. 门刚刚被汤姆锁上。（强调 “锁” 这个动作）
过去分词作表语（无动作语境，只描述状态）
The door is locked. 门是锁着的。（只描述门当前状态）
拓展 2：口语 get 型被动
口语中可用 get 替代 be 表被动，多用于意外、突发小事
He got hurt in the accident. 他在事故中受伤。
She got dressed quickly. 她迅速穿好衣服。
考点三 主动形式表达被动意义
一、感官系动词（look/sound/smell/taste/feel）
后接形容词描述主语特征，只用主动，不加被动
The flowers smell sweet. 花朵闻起来很香。
The soup tastes delicious. 汤尝起来很美味。
This cloth feels soft. 这块布料摸起来柔软。
二、表物品属性的不及物动词（sell/write/wash/read/drive/cook）
搭配副词，描述物品本身特性，主动表被动
The book sells well. 这本书销路很好。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写顺滑。
This shirt washes easily. 这件衬衫很好洗。
三、be worth doing 固定搭配
动名词主动形式表被动含义
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。
拓展：need/require/want + doing
doing 主动表被动，等价于 need sth to be done
The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。
The flowers require watering. = The flowers require to be watered. 花需要浇水。
考点四 双宾语动词的被动转换
主动句结构：主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物）
被动有两种转换方式：
间接宾语（人）作主语：人 + be + 过去分词 + 物
主动：My mother gave me a book.
被动：I was given a book by my mother.
直接宾语（物）作主语：物 + be + 过去分词 + to/for + 人
主动：My mother gave me a book.
被动：A book was given to me by my mother.
介词 to/for 区分表
介词 动词清单 含义
to give, send, show, teach, tell, lend, offer 传递、给予、告知
for buy, make, cook 为某人制作、购买
例句：
give 类（to）
主动：She gave him a present.
被动 1：He was given a present.
被动 2：A present was given to him.
buy 类（for）
主动：My mother bought me a new coat.
被动 1：I was bought a new coat.
被动 2：A new coat was bought for me.
考点五 含情态动词的被动语态
基础结构
情态动词（must/can/should/may）+ be（原形）+ 过去分词
The work must be finished before Friday. 这项工作周五前必须完成。
The window can be opened easily. 这扇窗户很容易推开。
The plan should be discussed carefully. 方案应当仔细研讨。
The room may be used as a meeting room. 这间屋子可当作会议室。
否定、疑问变化
否定：情态动词 + not + be + done
The work must not be finished before Friday.
一般疑问：情态动词提前
— Must the work be finished before Friday
— Yes, it must. / No, it needn’t.
易错点：情态动词后 be 必须用原形，不可变形。
【高频失分点】
失分点 1：遗漏 be 动词、be 时态变形错误
误：The book written by him.
正：The book is written by him.
解析：被动语态 be + 过去分词缺一不可，根据时间判断 be 时态。
误：The room cleaned yesterday.
正：The room was cleaned yesterday.
失分点 2：不及物动词滥用被动
误：The accident was happened yesterday.
正：The accident happened yesterday.
误：The meeting will be taken place next week.
正：The meeting will take place next week.
解析：happen/take place/arrive/die/appear 无被动。
失分点 3：双宾语被动遗漏 to/for 或介词混用
误：A book was given me by my mother.
正：A book was given to me by my mother.
误：A coat was bought to me.
正：A coat was bought for me.
失分点 4：感官动词误用被动
误：The food is tasted delicious.
正：The food tastes delicious.
解析：感官动词加形容词，主动表被动，不加 be。
失分点 5：物品属性动词错加被动
误：The book is sold well.
正：The book sells well.
解析：sell/write/wash 等表物品特性，主动表被动，无 be 动词。
【九年级衔接预览】
九上 Module 5 A fine balance：深化情态动词被动（can/must/should be done）、不定式被动 to be done；
九上 Module 6 Live green：环保主题综合运用被动语态；
复习重点：被动时态结构、主动表被动特殊句型、双宾语被动、情态动词被动。
三级过关精练
过关一 基础达标
一、用所给动词适当形式填空
The room ________ (clean) by my mother every day.
The bridge ________ (build) in 2005.
The homework ________ (finish) soon.
These flowers ________ (water) by my father every morning.
The meeting ________ (hold) yesterday.
English ________ (speak) in many countries.
A new school ________ (build) in our town next year.
The windows ________ (wash) by Tom every week.
The book ________ (write) by a famous writer.
The children ________ (take) to the park by their teacher last Sunday.
二、单项选择
The room ________ by my sister every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
The novel ________ in 2010.
A. publishes B. published C. is published D. was published
These plants ________ every three days.
A. water B. watered C. are watered D. were watered
The food ________ delicious.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste D. are tasted
The work ________ by us next week.
A. finishes B. is finished C. will finish D. will be finished
A new library ________ in our school soon.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
The book ________ well.
A. sells B. is sold C. sold D. was sold
I ________ a new bike by my father yesterday.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. have given
The window ________ by Tom just now.
A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken
The flowers ________ every morning.
A. water B. watered C. are watered D. were watered
过关二 能力提升
三、用所给动词适当形式填空
The room ________ (clean) when I came in.
The work ________ (must finish) by Friday.
The house ________ (build) of wood and stone.
This kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily.
A new school ________ (build) in my hometown at this time last year.
四、单项选择
The book ________ by many people since it came out.
A. reads B. is read C. has been read D. was read
This kind of car ________ in China.
A. makes B. is made C. made D. was made
The meeting ________ tomorrow.
A. holds B. is held C. will be held D. was held
The problem ________ at the meeting next Monday.
A. discusses B. is discussed C. will be discussed D. was discussed
The boy ________ to the hospital by his father yesterday.
A. takes B. took C. is taken D. was taken
The work ________ in two days.
A. finishes B. finished C. will be finished D. has been finished
This kind of pen ________ smoothly.
A. writes B. is written C. wrote D. was written
The book ________ worth ________ .
A. is; read B. is; reading C. are; reading D. are; read
I ________ a gift by my friend on my birthday.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. have given
The window ________ by the boy. He broke it just now.
A. is broken B. broke C. has broken D. was broken
过关三 综合突破
五、短文填空：用括号内动词正确形式（主动 / 被动）
The Great Wall ________ 36 (know) as one of the greatest wonders of the world. It ________ 37 (build) over 2,000 years ago. The wall ________ 38 (make) of stone and earth. It ________ 39 (say) that the wall can ________ 40 (see) from space, but this is not true.
Every year, millions of people ________ 41(attract) by the Great Wall and come to visit it. Many parts of the wall ________ 42 (repair) in recent years. The wall ________ 43 (visit) by people from all over the world. It ________ 44 (consider) a symbol of Chinese civilization. If you ________ 45 (invite) to visit China, the Great Wall is a place that you cannot miss.
参考答案与解析
过关一 基础达标
一、动词填空
is cleaned 解析：every day 一般现在时被动，主语单数
was built 解析：in 2005 过去时间，一般过去被动
will be finished /is going to be finished 解析：soon 表将来
are watered 解析：every morning 一般现在被动，主语复数
was held 解析：yesterday 过去时，hold 过去分词 held
is spoken 解析：客观事实，一般现在被动
will be built /is going to be built 解析：next year 将来
are washed 解析：every week 一般现在被动，复数主语
is written 解析：客观介绍，一般现在被动
were taken 解析：last Sunday 过去时，children 复数
二、单项选择
C every day 一般现在被动，单数主语
D in 2010 过去时间，一般过去被动
C every three days 经常性动作，复数主语一般现在被动
A taste 感官动词主动表被动，food 单数用 tastes
D next week 将来，work 为承受者用将来被动
D soon 将来，library 单数将来被动
A sell well 表物品属性，主动表被动
B yesterday 过去，I 是承受者，was given
D just now 过去，window 单数 was broken
C every morning 一般现在被动，flowers 复数
过关二 能力提升
三、动词填空
was being cleaned 解析：when I came in 过去某刻正在被做，过去进行时被动
must be finished 解析：情态动词被动结构
is built 解析：客观描述材质，一般现在被动
washes 解析：cloth 属性，主动表被动
was being built 解析：at this time last year 过去某时正在被建造
四、单项选择
C since 引导现在完成时，book 是承受者用 has been read
B 客观事实 “中国制造”，一般现在被动
C tomorrow 将来，会议 “被举办” will be held
C next Monday 将来，问题 “被讨论” will be discussed
D yesterday 过去，男孩 “被送去医院” was taken
C in two days 两天后，将来被动 will be finished
A pen 书写顺滑，物品属性主动表被动
B be worth doing 固定搭配，book 单数用 is
B 生日过去，I “被赠予礼物” was given
D just now 过去，窗户 “被打碎” was broken
过关三 综合突破 短文填空
is known 一般现在被动，be known as 作为…… 闻名
was built 两千多年前，一般过去被动
is made be made of 由…… 制成，客观事实
is said It is said that 据说，固定被动句型
be seen can 后接原形 be，情态动词被动
are attracted people 复数，一般现在被动 “被吸引”
have been repaired in recent years 现在完成时被动
is visited 客观事实，长城被各地游客游览
is considered 被视作文明象征，一般现在被动
are invited if 条件句，一般现在被动 “被邀请”

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