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2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试高二年级英语试题
一、语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Bob’s problems began during his formative years. His parents got divorced when he was young, and neither of his parents wanted to raise him or his brother and sister, so he ___1___ (bring) up by a foster family chosen by a social worker in the community.
Unfortunately, his foster father was a strict authoritarian and often beat him. Bob rebelled against this strict upbringing, and by the time he was eight years old, he ___2___ (run) wild, stealing from shops and playing truant. When he reached adolescence, sometime around his thirteenth birthday, he had already appeared in court several times, charged ___3___ juvenile crimes. The judge blamed his foster parents, ___4___ (explain) that children needed responsible parents and guardians who would look after them properly. The foster father didn’t agree with the judge and objected to this, pointing out that Bob’s two brothers and sister were well-adjusted children who behaved at home and worked well at school.
This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. ___5___ it is true that parents should not be too lenient with children by letting them do ___6___ they want, ___7___ too over-protective by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. It has also highlighted the disadvantages of the modern nuclear family ___8___ the child has only its mother and father to rely on or the single-parent family, in which the mother or father has to struggle particularly hard ___9___ (support) their dependents.
In fact, many people believe that we ___10___ return to traditional family values and the extended family: extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life.
二、选词填空
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. acquired B. consumption C. deal D. replaced E. intense F. credit G. stepped H. projected I. dominant J. outspent K. tender
Cola Wars Fire-starter
Donald Kendall added marketing sparkle to the soft-drinks industry.
“Rock and roller cola wars, I can’t take it anymore!” cried Billy Joel in his chart-topping song from 1989. He had had enough of the ___11___ marketing battle between America’s fizzy-drinks giants. As the underdog, PepsiCo had greatly surprised its bigger rival, Coca-Cola, by signing Michael Jackson, the era’s biggest musical star, to promote its brand in a record-setting $5m ___12___.
The cola wars became a cultural phenomenon, and ___13___ for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo’s legendary former boss. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm’s top sales and marketing executive at the ___14___ age of 35. Seven years later he was named CEO. By the time he ___15___ down as boss in 1986, PepsiCo’s sales had shot up nearly 40-fold, to $7.6bn. His legacy continues to shape the industry.
Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing flair. Two years after taking charge of the company, he ___16___ Frito-Lay, a leading purveyor of snacks, giving PepsiCo a distinct advantage in its brand diversification that it still enjoys to this day.
The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca-Cola spent round $25m on advertising and PepsiCo some $18m. In 1995 Pepsi ___17___ Coke by $112m to $82m.
This was a risky gambit for both cola rivals. But it paid off in two ways. First, it helped fizzy drinks win a greater “share of throat.” They went from 12.4% of American beverage ___18___ in 1970 to 22.4% in 1985. And though Coca-Cola maintained its lead during this period, with over a third of the market, PepsiCo’s share shot up from 20% to a peak of over 30% in the 1990s. Last year carbonated-drinks sales totaled $77bn in America, and over $312bn globally. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo remain ___19___.
The second way that the cola wars benefited both companies was by turning them into “the world’s best marketers,” observes Kaumil Gajrawala of Credit Suisse, a leading bank of Switzerland. Today the decades-long obsession with cut-price volume growth has been ___20___ by a focus on revenues and profits.
三、完形填空
Sandhya Sriram is impatient. The stem-cell scientist wanted to put her knowledge to use, developing cultivated seafood. Yet no one was doing that in Singapore. So four years ago, she set up a company to create lab-grown crustacean meat. ___21___, she registered her company, Shiok Meats in August 2018. “Nobody was doing crustaceans,” says Sriram, Shiok’s Group CEO and co-founder. “What do Asians eat the most Seafood. It was a simple answer. And they’re so delicious.” A lifelong ___22___, she had never tried real shrimp, but she sampled it the week she registered the company.
Today, the results of her ___23___ can be seen at the headquarters of her company. During a fall 2022 visit, a bio-process engineer looked into a microscope carefully. He had taken samples from a bioreactor in the room next door, where the company is ___24___ crustacean cells. Under the lens, he was checking to see if the cells were ready to harvest.
Shiok Meats has already revealed shrimp, lobster, and crab prototypes to a select group of tasters, and it plans to ___25___ regulatory approval to sell its lab-grown shrimp by April 2023. That could make it the first in the world to bring cultivated shrimp to diners, putting it at the leading position of the cultivated-meat ___26___. As of this writing, only one company has gained regulatory approval to sell lab-grown animal-protein products: Eat Jus’s cultured chicken is ___27___ but only in Singapore. Shiok Meats still needs to submit all the paperwork necessary and get regulatory approval, but the company hopes to see its products in restaurants by mid-2024, offering foodies a more environmentally friendly option free of ___28___ than crustaceans from farms.
But even if that ambitious ___29___ is met, it will likely be a while before the average person is eating cultivated crustaceans. It will require not just regulatory approval but also more funding and a bigger factory, along with ___30___ consumers and governments around the world to accept lab-grown seafood.
“We’re at an interesting stage of a startup; it’s called the Valley of Death,” says Sriram. “We are in the space where we haven’t submitted for regulatory approval yet, but we’re looking to commercialize in the next two years.” Nevertheless, the impatient entrepreneur is ___31___. Sriram hopes to have the company’s next manufacturing plant ready by the end of 2023, where a 500-liter and a 2,000-liter bioreactor will be a major ___32___ from its current 50- and 200-liter bioreactors. The goal is for her products to enter the mainstream in Singapore in five to seven years.
___33___ these products could help tackle some of the environmental impacts of crustacean production. Organic waste, chemicals, and antibiotics from seafood farms can pollute groundwater. Shiok Meats says the way it produces crustacean meat minimizes animal cruelty, as growing protein in a lab helps avoid ___34___ animals. And cultivating shrimp closer to where it’s ___35___ cuts emissions from fishing-boat fuel and shipping products around the world.
In a word, when science meets seafood, many wonderful things happen naturally.
21. A. Eagerly B. Hurriedly C. Incidentally D. Interestingly
22. A. dieter B. foodie C. taster D. vegetarian
23. A. discipline B. enthusiasm C. discovery D. mindset
24. A. growing B. investigating C. increasing D. targeting
25. A. accept B. adopt C. grant D. seek
26. A. farm B. race C. section D. line
27. A. available B. affordable C. competitive D. profitable
28. A. additive B. cruelty C. meat D. salt
29. A. guideline B. transformation C. condition D. timeline
30. A. demanding B. directing C. persuading D. training
31. A. delightful B. insightful C. open-minded D. optimistic
32. A. difference B. emergence C. sacrifice D. leap
33. A. Tracking B. Supervising C. Popularizing D. Sampling
34. A. feeding B. killing C. mistreating D. trapping
35. A. captured B. stranded C. consumed D. produced
四、阅读理解
Passage A
For a long time, I didn’t know about depression and anxiety, and the adults around me never suspected, because I looked like I had it all together: perfect SAT score, ten AP tests aced, national awards won, president of clubs, dedicated volunteer, and founder of a nonprofit. When I burst into tears, my father would yell at me to stop crying. And when I shared my negative thoughts with my mother, she called me selfish. I felt unworthy of their love until I was perfect beyond criticism.
I attended Yale as a first-generation student supported through financial aid, worked at McKinsey, one of the world’s largest consulting firms, and received two master’s degrees from Stanford. My fears of not being good enough seem groundless now, but perhaps were understandable given my upbringing.
Raised by neglectful and abusive parents, my parents had scars they dared not uncover even for themselves to see. No one had taught them to address those traumas and to avoid repeating them through anxiety-filled parenting. I cannot remember a time when my home was worry-free. I learned early that any moment without worry was idle.
When my grandmother died in my freshman year of college, my mother chose to “get on with” her life, focusing on raising my brother. For years after, my brother struggled with his weight and schoolwork to the point of near expulsion from school.
As my mother looked for ways to help my brother, she came across Virginia Satir’s family therapy. Satir saw every family as a system. Changing one part changes the whole thing. This made my mother start processing her own traumas.
So did I. During college, I sought counseling and studied wellness. I began to keep a diary to overcome my past’s shadow. In my final year, I told my family I had seen a therapist, and that it had helped.
My family was surprised to find out my mental health challenges were “bad enough” to lead me to seek help. It was hard on my parents, who are part of a generation focused on survival rather than wellness, to hear how their parenting had made a lasting impact on me. It took much time and effort for my parents to shift away from the mindset they had grown up with.
Years into the journey, my mother now runs a nonprofit organization teaching thousands of Mandarin-speaking parents about conscious communication. At her recent workshop, heard my dad tell a parent, “I didn’t believe in therapy until my daughter told me that it’s like fixing a cavity at the dentist, which makes a lot of sense to me now. Watching my family learn helped me see that I have room to grow, too.”
36. The author mentioned all her achievements to ______.
A. show her parents played a role in her education
B. invite readers to rethink the definition of success
C. prove that she is qualified to be critical about her family
D. highlight that achievements don’t guarantee emotional well-being
37. Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ______.
A. the upbringing of the author’s parents
B. the root cause of the author’s anxieties
C. the common stereotype of Asian students
D. the problems involved with anxiety-filled parenting
38. What motivated the author’s mother to deal with her own traumas
A. The focus on her own wellness.
B. The sorrow brought by the death of her own mother.
C. The fact that her daughter was diagnosed with depression.
D. The belief that changing herself might help address her son’s issues.
39. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the article
A. To analyze the generational differences in attitudes towards wellness.
B. To record how the author came to understand and forgive her parents.
C. To show the author’s personal struggles of overcoming depression and anxiety.
D. To emphasize the role of family dynamics in mental health and trauma recovery.
Passage B
Workplace injuries still happen. In a statistical report produced by Safe Work Australia, there were a total of 104,770 personal injury claims for a work-related incident last year alone. The most typical type is related to repetitive body movements, followed by unexpected falls and contact with moving equipment. Prioritizing health and safety is essential in creating a positive and productive working environment.
40. According to the info chart, workplace injuries may lead to ________.
A. long leave of absence at work
B. tax avoidance for companies
C. nationwide salary reduction
D. increased mental alertness
41. Which group of percentages best fits the blanks numbered 1, 2 and 3
A. ①17%;②24%;③38% B. ①26%;②43%; ③ 18%
C. ①78%;②23%;③30% D. ①39%; ②25%;③17%
42. To ensure safety in the workplace, it is suggested that one should ________.
A. make themselves clean before working
B. wear safety equipment when necessary
C. stretch arms and legs before lifting objects
D. receive proper training on taking breaks
Passage C
Gravitational waves were detected for the first time in 2015, when some of them moved through Earth. Two sensitive detectors — one in Washington State and one in Louisiana — picked up the distortions in spacetime, coming in this case from two crashing black holes. When scientists in charge of the detectors, called the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), announced the finding five months later, it became the most important physics news of 2016.
As impressive as the breakthrough was, it left some key questions unaddressed. Primary among them: Where was the source of the waves If all goes as planned, scientists could soon be able to deal with this issue for future detections. This spring physicists are preparing to turn back on a third gravitational-wave detector, called Virgo, near the Italian city of Pisa. Virgo was offline and undergoing upgrades when LIGO received its two signals in September 2015. With a trio of these giant instruments running, scientists hope to significantly improve efforts to determine the sources of gravitational waves. A speedy response to a “triple hit” — the same waves hitting all three detectors -- could enable ground-based telescopes to focus on a triangulated area of sky and possibly spot the bangs from which the waves come.
A gravitational-wave detector picks up distortions in spacetime. But one of these detectors operating alone cannot rule out vibrations caused by sources on Earth. And each detector monitors a vast part of the universe: the field of view covers about 40 percent of the sky surrounding Earth, which is roughly what one would see standing in a desert and spinning in a circle. Try singling out even one faint star in all of that.
LIGO’s twin approach has been key for another reason. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light, but unless they happen to hit both detectors head-on, there are milliseconds of difference between when each detector registers a disturbance. Measuring this delay allows scientists to calculate the direction of impact, trace it back to the sky and narrow the waves’ origin to a smaller area — for 2015’s detections, this was about 2 percent of the sky. That is still a huge part of the universe to scan for a source event.
When Advanced Virgo starts running, the possible location of the waves’ source in the sky should shrink by another factor of five, says Fulvio Ricci, Virgo’s spokesperson and a physicist at Sapienza University of Rome. Edo Berger, an astrophysicist at Harvard University who is using telescopes to study the events LIGO and Virgo detect, has a modulated take on that gain. “By adding a third detector to the network, the positions should improve significantly, reducing the source problem from something horrific to just something terrible,” he says.
43. What are the combined efforts of LIGO and Virgo expected to achieve
A. Involving more scientists. B. Shrinking the focused area.
C. Expanding the detectable sky. D. Improving detectors’ sensitivity.
44. What can be learned about the gravitational waves detected in 2015
A. They proved narrower than previously assumed.
B. They didn’t travel at the same speed as usual.
C. They didn’t hit both of the detectors head-on.
D. They were also picked up by a telescope.
45. It can be inferred from the passage that Edo Berger ________ the effect of Virgo joining in.
A. takes a negative attitude towards B. is not very optimistic about
C. holds a firm belief of D. thinks nothing of
46. What is the passage mainly about
A. The theory behind a gravitational-wave detector.
B. The new discovery of the source of gravitational waves.
C. An approach to locating where gravitational waves originate.
D. Divided opinions on whether gravitational-wave detectors work.
Passage D 六选四
Hedgehog or fox
If you want to develop maximum credibility, is it better to be a hedgehog or a fox According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___47___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___48___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognize or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___49___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know.
So, which is better The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___50___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
D. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
E. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
F. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
五、概要写作
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them
Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city.
All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems.
One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park.
Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature.
Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them.
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六、句子翻译
52. 小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。(sow)
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53. 将举办一场摄影展来纪念在这次灾难中全心付出的医护人员。（memory）
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54. 这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁荣之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路。（as...as）
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55. 面对网络时代的冲击，实体商店必须寻求创新之道，才能在激烈的竞争中生存，否则将不可避免地退出历史舞台。(survive)
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七、邮件写作
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高二学生李明。你校英语报的“科技创新栏目”正在就下学期拟开设的科技兴趣课程向全校学生征集意见。现有四个备选课程主题：网站设计、编程入门、智能小工具设计、机器人技术。请你给栏目编辑写一封邮件，内容需包括：
1. 从四个备选项中，选择一个你最推荐的课程，并说明理由；
2．从四个备选项中，选择一个你最不推荐的课程，并说明理由。
CALL FOR IDEAS Dear students,
To better integrate technology into our school life and foster innovation in daily practices, the school plans to offer an extracurricular course on cutting-edge technology next semester. There are several options for you to choose from: Website design; Introduction to programming; Smart gadget design; Robotics.
We would like you to:
● Choose one course you recommend the MOST and explain your reasons;
● Choose one course you recommend the LEAST and explain your reasons.
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参考答案
一、语法填空
1. was brought 2. had run 3. with 4. explaining 5. While/Although/Though
6. whatever 7. nor 8. where 9. to support 10. should
二、选词填空
11.E 12.C 13.F 14.K 15.G 16.A 17.J 18.B 19.I 20.D
三、完形填空
21.A 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.D 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.D 30.C
31.D 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.C
四、阅读理解
A 36.D 37.B 38.D 39.D
B 40.A 41.B 42.B
C 43.B 44.C 45.B 46.C
六选四 47.F 48.C 49.E 50.A
五、概要写作范文
Many so-called eco-friendly city designs are just greenwashing. Taking Apple’s campus as an example, such projects consume massive resources and do little good. The root environmental problem is the destructive economic system. Architects should build harmonious ties between cities, nature and people instead.
六、翻译参考译文
52. Xiao Zhang sowed seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year.
53. A photography exhibition will be held in memory of the medical workers who devoted themselves wholeheartedly in the disaster.
54. It took hundreds of years to construct the canal. Though it is not as prosperous as it used to be, it still serves as an important waterway running from east to west.
55. Faced with the impact of the Internet era, physical stores must seek ways to innovate to survive fierce competition; otherwise, they will inevitably withdraw from the stage of history.
七、邮件范文
Dear Editor,
I’m Li Ming from Senior Two of Qiming High School. I’m writing to share my opinions on the four optional tech courses.
Robotics is my top recommendation. It combines programming, machinery and creativity. Making and operating robots can fully arouse our interest and improve our practical abilities, which is beneficial to our future tech study.
However, I recommend Website design the least. Most of us lack basic coding foundation, so it’s hard for us to master relevant professional knowledge in limited class hours. Besides, its practical value for ordinary students is relatively low.
Hope my advice will be helpful.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming

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