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期末模拟测试题 2025-2026学年高二英语人教版下学期（全部内容）
一、阅读理解
When people want to improve themselves, they usually try to do it directly through deliberate (故意的) habit building. 1 Hobbies are a great example of how purposeful activities can lead to natural self-improvement. Since better self-discipline is something many people struggle for, this article will focus on how hobbies can deliver that.
A good hobby can replace negative behaviors. Take Rob, who joins a Saturday rock-climbing group, as an example. To enjoy the trip, he naturally reduces heavy drinking on Friday nights. 2
Hobbies can create better routines. Any hobby requiring a new, positive routine will add structure to your life. For instance, having a dog establishes a daily walking habit. In this context, the key point isn’t anything to do with walking being healthy. It’s that the walking happens at the same time each day. 3
Hobbies build tolerance for physical efforts Sports or intense exercise helps us develop a better sense of what healthy physical efforts feel like. We learn to put up with feelings like increased heart rate without mistaking them for signs that something is wrong. 4 Research shows regular exercise relates to better discipline in household chores, spending and study habits.
5 If a hobby makes you see yourself as more responsible, more capable, or more invested in discipline, you’re more likely to develop those qualities. Consider hobbies involving leadership or teamwork. They can shift how you see your role in the world and encourage you to act accordingly.
Therefore, improving self-discipline doesn’t mean forcing yourself into a rigid model. It can be a natural result of finding a hobby you love and allowing it to shape you.
A．Hobbies can transform your self-concept.
B．Hobbies make you more capable than others.
C．Thus, hobbies help teach time management skills.
D．This tolerance can also be applied to other areas of life.
E．This routine creates a point of organization in your evenings.
F．However, self-improvement often occurs as a satisfying side effect.
G．In this case, the hobby replaces the unhealthy habit with a fulfilling one.
Top Online Summer Programs in 2026
Research shows that well-designed summer programs can strengthen high school students’ academic skills. Online options provide similar benefits, allowing students to explore college-level subjects, gain hands-on experience, and build a stronger profile for college applications. Below are four notable online summer programs.Stanford Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes (SPCS)
A selective two-week online program for grades 8-11 focuses on intensive study of a single subject. Students attend daily live classes and collaborate with motivated peers worldwide. Courses offer college-level depth in STEM, humanities, engineering, and more (non-credit).
● Key requirements: Full participation with camera/ microphone on; ages 13-18.
● Application deadline: March 13, 2026
Cornell Pre-college Summer Online (CPSO)
Allows high school students to take Cornell undergraduate courses remotely, earning 3-12 credits and an official transcript (成绩单). Courses last 3 or 6 weeks and cover fields such as architecture, business, and medicine.
● Key requirements: Ages 15-19; completion of at least 10th grade; course prerequisites (前提) apply.
● Application deadline: As early as April 28, 2026 (varies by session)
Penn Pre-College Online Program (PPOP)
Students enroll in credit-bearing undergraduate courses taught by Penn staff, following standard university schedules, assignments, and exams. Successful completion results in an official University of Pennsylvania transcript.
● Key requirements: Minimum 3.5 GPA (绩点); strong writing skills; recommendation letter; English proficiency is essential for international candidates.
● Application deadline: April 15, 2026
UC Berkeley Pre-College Scholars Summer Virtual (UCBPSV)
Offer high school students the chance to take lower-division UC Berkeley courses online for college credit. Hundreds of options are available across STEM, social sciences, and humanities, with a virtual learning community that includes Berkeley students and visiting undergraduates.
● Key requirements: Completion of 10th or 11th grade by summer 2026; at least 16 years old by June 21, 2026; minimum 3.0 GPA．
● Application deadline: May 10, 2026
Costs for each program
Program Application Tuition Special Notes
SPCS $65 $3,200 per 2-week session No additional hidden fees
CPSO $75 $1,940 (1 credit) Max:12 credits Application fee cannot be refunded
PPOP $0 $8,462 (1 course,4 credit hours) No application fee
UCBPSV $25 $635 per academic unitMax:6 units Registration fee $585 and document fee $73are charged once per summer
6．What is required for international applicants to PPOP
A．English proficiency proof. B．Completion of at least 10th grade.
C．A minimum 3.0 GPA． D．Being at least 16 years old.
7．How much will a student pay for taking a 2-unit course in the UCBPSV
A．$1,293. B．$1,855. C．$1,928. D．$1,953.
8．What do the four programs have in common
A．They have the same GPA and grades requirements.
B．They involve interaction with university students.
C．They award sufficient college credits to participants.
D．They allow high schoolers to take college-level classes.
At 76 years old, Zhang Guohui is not a man who spends his days in quiet retirement. Instead, his hands, rough and work-worn from sixty years of labor, continue to shape wood into floating history. He is one of the last living masters of the ancient art of building traditional Chinese sailing ships using “watertight-bulkhead” technology. This method was so important that it was once a carefully kept secret of Chinese shipbuilders. Today, it is recognized as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage.
Zhang’s journey began at the young age of 16, when he first started learning at a shipyard in Quanzhou. Long ago, Quanzhou was the starting point of the Maritime (adj. 海的) Silk Road. In those days, building a wooden ship was a huge task that required the whole community’s help and the master’s deep knowledge of the sea. “You don’t just follow a drawing,” Zhang explains in his local way of speaking. “You have to feel the wood, understand its lines, and know how it will bend to the power of the waves.” The watertight-bulkhead method divides the ship’s body into several separate parts. This was a wonderful invention of ancient engineering. If one part of the ship was broken, it would not sink.
Today, the loud noise of motor boats has long replaced the rhythmic sound of hammers in Quanzhou Bay. People no longer need large wooden sailing ships. However, Zhang’s love for his craft has not faded; it has only found a new direction. He now spends his time creating beautiful, small-scale models of the very ships he once helped build. His workshop has become a place full of maritime history, filled with careful copies of Fujian trading ships. Each model has working doors and perfectly fitted wooden pieces. “The size has changed,” he says, carefully painting a tiny rudder (n. 舵) , “but the heart, the skill, the spirit. It’s all the same.” For Zhang Guohui, these models are not just objects, they are carriers of an old tradition moving into the future. They show a lifetime of hard work dedicated to making sure that the wisdom of the past is not lost to the passing of time.
9．What do we learn about the “watertight-bulkhead” technology
A．It was a method known only to Chinese shipbuilders.
B．It is a modern technology first used in motor boats.
C．It was invented by Zhang Guohui when he was young.
D．It is still widely used to build large ships in Quanzhou today.
10．What is the advantage of the watertight-bulkhead technology
A．It is a method that anyone can easily learn.
B．It made ships much safer and less likely to sink.
C．It is a modern technology now used in motor boats.
D．It allows builders to work without following drawings.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards Zhang Guohui’s work
A．Negative B．Uninterested C．Admiring D．Doubtful
12．Which of the following words best describes Zhang Guohui’s character
A．realistic and profit-driven B．kindhearted and considerate
C．hardworking and devoted D．casual and easy-going
Imagine it’s Saturday morning. You’re relaxing when your best friend texts, “Could you help me move today ” You sigh — there go your weekend plans — but reply, “Of course.” A week later, a coworker you barely know asks for a hand. This time, you hesitate. Psychologists call this tendency “social discounting”: our generosity declines as social distance increases.
But what happens in the brain during these decisions A small region called the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role. It helps us balance self-interest with social intentions by assigning value to both our own well-being and that of others.
To test this, researchers studied individuals in South Africa with Urbach-Wiethe disease, a rare genetic condition that damages the BLA．They compared five women with this disease to 16 healthy participants in a social discounting task. Each person listed eight people, ranging from their closest friend to a complete stranger, and decided how much money to share with each.
As expected, all participants gave more to close contacts. Interestingly, those with BLA damage were less generous overall, and their generosity decreased more sharply as social distance increased. These differences could not be explained by personality or empathy levels.
The findings suggest the BLA helps people create a “model” of the social world to guide decision-making. An unharmed BLA allows us to consider social context and rules when deciding whether to be generous. Without it, individuals may rely on a “standard” strategy, unless the receiver is emotionally very close, in which case helping remains automatic.
Generosity is therefore not an all-or-nothing trait; it is a model-based social behavior, shaped by how close we feel to the receiver of help. And deep in the brain, the basolateral amygdala is helping us do that calculation.
13．Why does the author describe the “moving-day dilemma” in paragraph 1
A．To illustrate how social discounting works.
B．To argue people should treat others equally.
C．To show generosity is mainly driven by emotions.
D．To suggest a conflict between self and others’ interest.
14．What do researchers try to show by comparing the two groups
A．The risk of the Urbach-Wiethe disease.
B．The BLA’s role in social decision-making.
C．The difference in participants’ social network.
D．The personality’s influence on social discounting.
15．What can be inferred from the findings in social decision-making
A．People with Urbach-Wiethe are more generous.
B．BLA damage leads to complete loss of generosity.
C．BLA allows individuals to weigh social information.
D．Personality can potentially affect BLA-harmed people.
16．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Brain’s Role: How We Balance Choices.
B．The BLA: A Hidden Guide to Social Behavior.
C．Social Discounting: Why We Help Our Friends.
D．Urbach-Wiethe Disease: A Rare Genetic Condition.
As we enter a period of profound economic uncertainty, presaged (预示) by recent high-profile layoffs and a culture of “quiet quitting”, thinking about the future of work might well seem a daunting (令人生畏的) prospect.
Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. For instance, with each exciting new technology comes a growing concern about whether we have a digitally savvy (精明的) workforce ready to take advantage of it. After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth.
Likewise, at the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, the cybersecurity skills gap was named as one particular area of concern. There’s good reason for this focus: if businesses can’t protect themselves against external threats, they risk going backwards. And that’s before they even start thinking about achieving growth. This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently.
Well, we should start by changing the narrative to help us recruit and retain from a more diverse pool of talent, giving businesses a far better chance of finding the up-to-date digital skills they need. And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers.
To make this all happen, leaders and employers must demonstrate a commitment to teaching their workforces digital skills by setting clear expectations and providing all the resources required. One approach, for example, would be to focus on the potential in the existing talent pool by identifying those already skilled in digital capabilities and supporting them to upskill their colleagues. Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace.
Of course, it’s all well and good saying that digital skills are vital, but a workforce with purely hard skills will not future-proof a business. There’s a need for soft skills that support the broader goal, so as not to neglect the other competencies required in a digital transformation: communication, critical thinking, creative design skills, and leadership. To exploit the technology to its full potential, such qualities are equally important.
Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. Every business will need a range of people with a variety of skills — not only those well-versed in math, engineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities.
17．What is the writer’s main concern in the digital transformation process
A．The threats from technology.
B．The shortage of experienced workers.
C．The culture of quiet quitting.
D．The challenge of upskilling workforces.
18．What can be learnt from paragraph 4 and 5
A．Employers should develop a learning culture inside their workforces.
B．High requirements of recruitment ensure a sound workforce.
C．Replacing current workforces with digital talents is the key.
D．Business leaders should focus on the training of the existing talent pool.
19．What does the underlined word “paramount” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Challenging. B．Inspiring.
C．Crucial. D．Beneficial.
20．What might be the writing purpose of the passage
A．To advocate the necessity of improving digital skills.
B．To stress the importance of combining hard skills with soft skills.
C．To draw people’s attention to the ever-increasing digital skills gap.
D．To warn humans of the potential problems with technology.
二、完形填空
For most travelers, a long wait at the airport is something to avoid. But for Josiah Jackson, an eight-hour stop at Chicago O’Hare International Airport was a(n) 21 he had long hoped for.
It 22 last summer when he was returning home from a service trip to Guatemala.
23 rushing to his gate straight, he made his way to Gate C17 — where a piano that had been left alone 24 his eye years ago. Even as a teenager, Jackson had noticed it sitting 25 , its keys yellowed and forgotten. He had often 26 what music it might hold, if only someone would 27 it.
Now as a professional piano tuner, Jackson decided to be that someone. 28 his tools and unbending patience, he spent seven hours without a 29 — removing all 88 keys, cleaning each by hand, and carefully 30 the delicate mechanisms. Passengers watched the young man work in quiet 31 . Without breaking his focus once, he finished in time to catch his connecting flight.
Jackson had done it not for 32 , but to answer a quiet hope he had carried since that first glimpse years ago — the hope that the piano would one day 33 again.
Today, his YouTube video has drawn thousands of 34 comments. For Jackson, the real reward was hearing that first note ring out across the terminal (航站楼) — the sound of a(n) 35 answered, and a silent piano finally finding its voice.
21．A．research B．mission C．opportunity D．adventure
22．A．happened B．approached C．began D．arrived
23．A．Owing to B．Regardless of C．Instead of D．Other than
24．A．rocked B．drew C．met D．caught
25．A．silent B．awkward C．joyful D．wild
26．A．recalled B．wondered C．questioned D．predicted
27．A．play B．fix C．open D．touch
28．A．Confused about B．Concerned about C．Burdened with D．Armed with
29．A．break B．request C．reward D．response
30．A．replacing B．polishing C．adjusting D．checking
31．A．shock B．concentration C．agreement D．confusion
32．A．faith B．experience C．progress D．recognition
33．A．dance B．sing C．speak D．whisper
34．A．useful B．timely C．appreciative D．honorable
35．A．artwork B．trust C．friendship D．hope
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Terracotta Warriors, one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in the world, 36 (locate) in Lintong District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 37 (attract) millions of visitors from home and abroad every year. These life-sized figures, 38 were created over 2,000 years ago during the Qin Dynasty, stand in perfect formation, each with a unique facial expression and posture, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship of ancient Chinese artisans.
The construction of the Terracotta Army was ordered by Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China, 39 (ensure) his protection in the afterlife. It is estimated that more than 700,000 workers spent over 38 years 40 (build) this massive underground complex, which includes not only the warriors but also horses, chariots, and various other artifacts.
In recent years, advanced technologies such as 3D scanning and virtual reality 41 (employ) to study and preserve the warriors, allowing researchers to gain deeper insights into their production techniques and historical significance. Moreover, the local government has implemented strict measures to protect the site from environmental damage, 42 (ensure) its longevity for future generations.
Visitors to the museum can not only admire the grandeur of the Terracotta Warriors but also learn about the rich history and culture of Shaanxi through interactive exhibits and guided tours. As a symbol of China’s ancient civilization, the Terracotta Army continues to inspire awe and curiosity, 43 (remind) people of the incredible achievements of human ingenuity.
44 is truly fascinating is how these silent warriors have stood the test of time, silently narrating the stories of a bygone era. For those interested in history and archaeology, a visit to the Terracotta Warriors is 45 must-have experience that should not be missed.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，你校举行英语演讲比赛，主题为Protecting Cultural Relics(保护文物)。请写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.文物的重要性；
2.当前面临的问题(破坏、旅游过度、老化)；
3.我们学生能做什么；
4.发出呼吁。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡上作答；
3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! I’m Li Hua. My topic is Protecting Cultural Relics.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening!
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1996, the clear blue waters of the Bahamas covered the ocean floor like a gentle blanket, where Cristina Zenato, an Italian female diver, was conducting her routine underwater observation. The sunlight made the water look bright and peaceful. Little did she know that this ordinary dive would turn into a surprising and unforgettable story.
She was observing carefully when suddenly, a 2-meter-long Caribbean shark swam unusually close to her. Instead of showing any sign of danger, it opened its mouth wide, shaking slightly and moving its head, as if trying to convey intense pain. Cristina could clearly see that the shark was suffering, and she immediately realized that it needed help. Cristina got closer cautiously and was shocked to see a broken steel hook (钩) deeply stuck in the shark’s upper jaw, with broken tissues hanging from it, causing sharp pain with every breath the shark took.
Without any protective tools or gloves, Cristina made a brave decision to assist. She knew it was risky, but she couldn’t leave the poor shark in pain. She first stretched out her hand to let the shark get familiar with her smell, calming it down. Then, she gently put her fingers into the shark’s mouth, carefully holding the hook stuck in the hard part of its mouth. For seven long minutes, the shark tensed its muscles and contracted its gill slits (鳃裂) in pain, yet it never bit down, as if it knew Cristina was its only hope.
With a slight turn, the hook was finally pulled out, and a faint cloud of blood spread in the water. The rescued shark swam around Cristina twice, its movements becoming relaxed and steady. Glancing at the pressure in the oxygen tank, which was approaching the warning line, Cristina prepared to go up, thinking the encounter had come to an end. But in the next moment, the shark suddenly rushed into the deep sea, only to return shortly with three more friends, swimming towards her in a neat line.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Cristina quickly held her breath, thinking they were coming to attack her.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cristina decided to stay and help the suffering sharks.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 F G E D A A D D A B
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C C A B C B D A C B
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C A C D A B B D A C
题号 31 32 33 34 35
答案 B D B C D
1．F 2．G 3．E 4．D 5．A
【导语】主要介绍培养爱好无需刻意自律，爱好能从多方面潜移默化提升自律能力，实现自我成长。
【详解】1．根据前文“When people want to improve themselves, they usually try to do it directly through deliberate (故意的) habit building.(人们想要提升自我时，通常会直接刻意养成习惯来达成目标。)”以及后文“Hobbies are a great example of how purposeful activities can lead to natural self-improvement.(爱好就是有目标的活动促成自然自我提升的典型例子。)”可知，前后存在语义转折，F选项“However, self-improvement often occurs as a satisfying side effect.(然而自我提升往往是随之而来的有益附带效果)”转折衔接上文刻意提升的做法，引出下文爱好带来自然提升的观点，符合语境。
2．根据前文“To enjoy the trip, he naturally reduces heavy drinking on Friday nights.(为了参与攀岩活动，他自然而然减少了周五晚上的酗酒行为。)”可知，此处列举人物事例说明爱好改掉不良习惯，G选项“In this case, the hobby replaces the unhealthy habit with a fulfilling one.(在这种情况下，爱好用充实健康的行为取代了不良习惯)”对前文所举例子进行总结概括，贴合段落主旨，符合语境。
3．根据前文“It’s that the walking happens at the same time each day.(重点在于每天都会在固定时间出门散步。)”可知，固定时间进行爱好活动能够规整生活节奏，E选项“This routine creates a point of organization in your evenings.(这种固定习惯能让你的晚间生活变得有条理)”承接每日固定作息这一内容，点明规律爱好带来的生活改变，符合语境。
4．根据前文“We learn to put up with feelings like increased heart rate without mistaking them for signs that something is wrong.(我们学会忍受心跳加速这类身体感受，不会将其误认为身体出现异常。)”以及后文“Research shows regular exercise relates to better discipline in household chores, spending and study habits.(研究表明规律运动能提升人们在家务、消费和学习上的自律性。)”可知，空格处说明这种身体耐力可以延伸运用到生活各处，D选项“This tolerance can also be applied to other areas of life.(这种忍耐力同样可以运用到生活其他方面)”起到承上启下的作用，衔接身体锻炼与生活自律，符合语境。
5．根据后文“If a hobby makes you see yourself as more responsible, more capable, or more invested in discipline, you’re more likely to develop those qualities.(如果爱好让你认为自己更有责任心、更有能力、更懂得自律，你就更容易养成这些优良品质。)”可知，本段围绕爱好改变自我认知展开论述，A选项“Hobbies can transform your self-concept.(爱好能够改变你的自我认知)”作为本段中心主旨句，总领下文全部内容，符合语境。
6．A 7．D 8．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了 2026 年四个知名的线上暑期大学预科项目，包括项目内容、申请要求、截止日期及费用等信息。
【详解】6．细节理解题。根据文章Penn Pre-College Online Program (PPOP)部分“English proficiency is essential for international candidates. (英语水平对国际申请者至关重要。)”可知，国际申请者需要提供英语水平证明。
7．细节理解题。根据文章费用表格中UC Berkeley Pre-College Scholars Summer Virtual (UCBPSV)部分“Application $25”和 $635 per academic unit; Registration fee $585 and document fee $73 are charged once per summer (每学分 635 美元；注册费 585 美元和文件费 73 美元，每年夏季收取一次)”，计算：25+635×2+585+73=1953 美元。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Online options provide similar benefits, allowing students to explore college-level subjects (线上项目提供类似益处，让学生探索大学水平课程)”以及四个项目的具体介绍，可知四个项目的共同点是允许高中生学习大学课程。
9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C
【导语】本文主要以非物质文化遗产——中国传统水密隔舱古帆船建造技艺传承人张国辉为记述对象，讲述了他从16岁学艺到年过七旬仍坚守、传承传统技艺的经历。
【详解】9．细节理解题。根据第一段“This method was so important that it was once a carefully kept secret of Chinese shipbuilders.(这种方法极为重要，曾是中国造船匠人严格保守的秘密。)”可知，水密隔舱技术曾是一种只有中国造船工人知道的方法。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The watertight-bulkhead method divides the ship’s body into several separate parts. This was a wonderful invention of ancient engineering. If one part of the ship was broken, it would not sink.(水密隔舱法将船体分隔成若干个独立部分，这是古代工程学的一项伟大发明。即使船体某一部分破损，船只也不会沉没。)”可知，水密隔舱技术使船只更安全，更不容易沉没。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For Zhang Guohui, these models are not just objects, they are carriers of an old tradition moving into the future. They show a lifetime of hard work dedicated to making sure that the wisdom of the past is not lost to the passing of time.(对于张国辉来说，这些模型不仅仅是物件，它们是古老传统迈向未来的载体。它们展现了他一生致力于确保过往的智慧不因时间流逝而失传的辛勤努力。)”可知，作者对张国辉的工作充满了敬意和钦佩之情。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“At 76 years old, Zhang Guohui is not a man who spends his days in quiet retirement. Instead, his hands, rough and work-worn from sixty years of labor, continue to shape wood into floating history.(76 岁的张国辉并非那种安享晚年的老人。相反，他那双因 60 年劳作而变得粗糙、布满老茧的手，仍在将木头雕琢成漂浮的历史。)”和最后一段“They show a lifetime of hard work dedicated to making sure that the wisdom of the past is not lost to the passing of time.(它们展现了他一生致力于确保过往的智慧不因时间流逝而失传的辛勤努力。)”以及全文内容可知，张国辉从16岁开始学习造船，坚持木帆船技艺整整60年，在行业衰落后依然坚持用制作模型的方式传承技艺，体现了他勤奋投入的性格。
13．A 14．B 15．C 16．B
【导语】文章主要介绍了大脑中基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）在社交决策中的作用，揭示了BLA如何帮助人们根据社交距离调整慷慨程度。
【详解】13．推理判断题。根据第一段“You sigh — there go your weekend plans — but reply, “Of course.” A week later, a coworker you barely know asks for a hand. This time, you hesitate. Psychologists call this tendency “social discounting”: our generosity declines as social distance increases. (你叹了口气——周末计划泡汤了——但还是回复：“当然可以。”一周后，一个你几乎不认识的同事请求帮忙。这一次，你犹豫了。心理学家将这种倾向称为“社交贴现”：我们的慷慨程度随着社交距离的增加而下降。)”可知，作者通过描述“搬家日困境”这一日常场景，引出了“社交贴现”这一心理学概念，是用具体事例说明其含义，第一段的作用是为了说明社交贴现是如何运作的。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“But what happens in the brain during these decisions A small region called the basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a key role. (但在这些决策过程中，大脑中发生了什么？一个叫做基底外侧杏仁核的小区域起着关键作用。)”以及第三段“To test this, researchers studied individuals in South Africa with Urbach-Wiethe disease, a rare genetic condition that damages the BLA. They compared five women with this disease to 16 healthy participants in a social discounting task. (为了验证这一点，研究人员研究了南非患有类脂蛋白沉积症的个体，这是一种罕见的遗传病，会损伤BLA。他们在一项社交贴现任务中，将患有这种疾病的5名女性与16名健康参与者进行了比较。)”可知，研究人员通过比较BLA受损患者与健康参与者，目的是测试BLA在社交决策中的作用。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段“The findings suggest the BLA helps people create a “model” of the social world to guide decision-making. An unharmed BLA allows us to consider social context and rules when deciding whether to be generous. (研究结果表明，BLA帮助人们创建一个社交世界的“模型”来指导决策。未受损的BLA使我们在决定是否慷慨时能够考虑社交情境和规则。)”可知，BLA使个体能够根据社交情境和规则调整决策，即权衡社交信息。
16．主旨大意题。文章开篇引入“社交贴现”概念，第二段提出问题“大脑中发生了什么”并指出BLA起关键作用，第三段和第四段通过对比实验证明BLA受损影响慷慨程度，第五段解释BLA的功能，它能帮助创建社交世界模型以指导决策，最后一段总结慷慨是基于模型的社交行为，而BLA帮助进行计算。全文围绕BLA在社交决策中的作用展开，核心是揭示BLA如何指导社交行为。B选项“BLA：社交行为的隐性指南”准确概括了文章主旨。
17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】文章主要讲述了数字技能差距对企业数字化转型的挑战，强调提升员工技能及结合硬软技能的重要性。
【详解】17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After all, keeping the workforce up to speed with the latest advances is a key element of the digital transformation process, which will prove essential if we hope to improve business productivity and efficiency alongside our efforts to achieve sustained growth. (毕竟，让员工跟上最新进展是数字化转型过程的一个关键要素，如果我们希望在实现持续增长的努力中提高企业生产力和效率，这一点将被证明是至关重要的。)”以及第三段中“This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently. (这就是为什么我们需要紧急解决数字技能差距问题。)”可知，作者在数字化转型过程中主要关注的是提升员工技能的挑战。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And, when it comes to engaging and empowering the current workforce, learning and development opportunities will be key, helping employees to improve their skills for the benefit of both themselves and their employers. (而且，在吸引和赋能现有员工方面，学习和发展机会将是关键，帮助员工提升技能，既有利于自己，也有利于雇主。)”以及第五段中“Creating a culture of learning, with an emphasis on personal growth, can be an impressive motivator in the workplace. (创造一种强调个人成长的学习文化，可以成为工作场所中令人印象深刻的激励因素。)”可知，雇主应该在员工中培养一种学习文化。
19．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Fundamentally, getting the interaction right between humans and technology will be paramount if businesses are to succeed. (从根本上说，如果企业要成功，正确处理人与技术之间的互动将是paramount。)”以及后文“As a result, human skills must not be underestimated. (因此，人的技能不能被低估。)”可知，正确处理人与技术之间的互动对企业成功至关重要，由此可推知，paramount意为“至关重要的”，与Crucial意思相近。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Indeed, an ever-increasing digital skills gap threatens to stop businesses adopting the game-changing technologies that will help to power growth in the months and years ahead. (事实上，日益扩大的数字技能差距有可能阻止企业采用改变游戏规则的技术，而这些技术将有助于在未来几个月和几年推动增长。)”以及第三段中“This is why we need to address the digital skills gap urgently. (这就是为什么我们需要紧急解决数字技能差距问题。)”以及最后一段中“Every business will need a range of people with a variety of skills — not only those well-versed in math, engineering, and science, but also those with creative minds and leadership qualities. (每个企业都需要一系列具有各种技能的人——不仅包括精通数学、工程和科学的人，还包括具有创造性思维和领导才能的人。)”可知，文章主要论述了数字技能差距对企业数字化转型的挑战，并强调了提升员工技能和培养学习文化的重要性，同时指出企业需要结合硬技能和软技能，才能成功应对未来的挑战。由此可推知，文章的写作目的是强调将硬技能与软技能相结合的重要性。
21．C 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文通过讲述专业钢琴调琴师Josiah Jackson利用机场漫长经停的机会，自带工具、花费七小时无休地修复一架被遗忘多年的旧钢琴的故事，说明真正的成就感并非来自外界的认可，而是源于内心长久怀揣的希望被实现、让沉默之物重新发声的那份满足。
【详解】21．考查名词。句意：但对Josiah Jackson来说，在芝加哥O’Hare国际机场的长达八小时的等待确实他期待已久的机会。A. research研究；B. mission任务；C. opportunity机会；D. adventure冒险。根据后文“he made his way to Gate C17 — where a piano that had been left alone his eye years ago. Even as a teenager, Jackson had noticed it sitting , its keys yellowed and forgotten. He had often what music it might hold, if only someone would it.”可知，Jackson青少年时期就注意到了这架机场的弃置钢琴，成为专业调琴师后，他一直想要给这架钢琴调音维修，故这次机场停留刚好给了他实现这个愿望的机会。
22．考查动词。句意：这件事发生在去年夏天，当时他正从一次去Guatemala的服务之旅返回家中。A. happened发生；B. approached接近；C. began开始；D. arrived到达。根据空后“last summer when he was returning home from a service trip to Guatemala”可知，此处介绍故事发生的时间点。
23．考查介词短语。句意：不是直接冲向他的登机口，他前往C17登机口——那里有一架多年前就引起他注意的钢琴。A. Owing to由于；B. Regardless of不管；C. Instead of而不是；D. Other than除了。根据后文“he made his way to Gate C17”可知，他走向了C17登机口，故此处指他没有直接去登机口，而是去了C17，故应用“Instead of”表示“而不是”。
24．考查动词。句意：同上。A. rocked摇晃；B. drew吸引；C. met遇见；D. caught抓住。根据空后“his eye”可知，此处指这架钢琴吸引了他的注意力，“catch one’s eye”意为“引起某人的注意”。
25．考查形容词。句意：早在青少年时期，Jackson就注意到它安静地摆放在那里，琴键发黄且被遗忘。A. silent安静的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. joyful快乐的；D. wild狂野的。根据后文“its keys yellowed and forgotten”可知，琴键发黄且被遗忘，故钢琴无人问津，安静地摆放在那里。
26．考查动词。句意：他经常疑惑，如果有人愿意修理它，这架钢琴能奏出什么样的音乐。A. recalled回忆；B. wondered想知道；C. questioned质疑；D. predicted预测。根据后文“what music it might hold”可知，他在疑惑这架钢琴能奏出什么样的音乐，故此处指他内心“想知道，疑惑”。
27．考查动词。句意：同上。A. play弹奏；B. fix修理；C. open打开；D. touch触摸。根据空后“Now as a professional piano tuner, Jackson decided to be that someone.”可知，他成为调琴师后维修调音，故此处指修理这架钢琴。
28．考查短语。句意：带着他的工具和不屈的耐心，他花了七个小时没有休息，拆下全部的88个琴键，逐个手洗，并仔细地调整这精密的机械装置。A. Confused about对……困惑；B. Concerned about对……担心；C. Burdened with负担着；D. Armed with装备着，带着。根据后文“he spent seven hours without a — removing all 88 keys, cleaning each by hand, and carefully the delicate mechanisms.”可知，后文提到他开始修复这架钢琴，故此处指他带着工具和耐心，“Armed with”形象地表示“配备有，带着”。
29．考查名词。句意：同上。A. break休息；B. request请求；C. reward回报；D. response回应。根据后文“he finished in time to catch his connecting flight.”可知，他连续工作直到赶上转机航班，故此处指他没有休息。
30．考查动词。句意：同上。A. replacing替换；B. polishing抛光；C. adjusting调整；D. checking检查。根据前文“as a professional piano tuner”可知，作为专业调琴师，他应对钢琴的机械装置进行调整。
31．考查名词。句意：乘客们安静而专注地看着这个年轻人工作。A. shock震惊；B. concentration专注；C. agreement同意；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“Without breaking his focus once”可知，乘客们没有打断他的注意力，安静而专注地看着他。“in quiet concentration”意为“安静而专注地”，描述观众被吸引且安静观看的状态。
32．考查名词。句意：Jackson这样做不是为了得到认可，而是为了回应他多年前第一眼看到那架钢琴时就怀有的安静希望——希望这架钢琴有一天能再次发出声音。A. faith信念；B. experience经验；C. progress进步；D. recognition认可，名声。根据后文“but to answer a quiet hope he had carried since that first glimpse years ago”可知，Jackson这样做是为了回应他多年前就怀有的希望，因此不是为了获得大家的认可。
33．考查动词。句意：同上。A. dance跳舞；B. sing歌唱；C. speak说话；D. whisper低语。根据后文“and a silent piano finally finding its voice”可知，钢琴最终发出了声音，故此处Jackson希望这架钢琴有一天能再次发出声音，指钢琴发出声音用“sing”比喻。
34．考查形容词。句意：如今，他的YouTube视频已经吸引了数千条赞赏的评论。A. useful有用的；B. timely及时的；C. appreciative赞赏的；D. honorable光荣的。根据前文“he spent seven hours without a — removing all 88 keys, cleaning each by hand, and carefully the delicate mechanisms.”可知，观众观看他修复钢琴的视频后，评论应是赞赏的。
35．考查名词。句意：对Jackson来说，真正的回报是听到第一个音符响彻航站楼——那是希望得到回应的声音，也是一架沉默的钢琴终于找到了自己的声音。A. artwork艺术品；B. trust信任；C. friendship友谊；D. hope希望。根据前文的“but to answer a quiet hope he had carried since that first glimpse years ago”的词义复现可知，此处指希望得到了回应。
36．are located 37．attracting 38．which 39．to ensure 40．building 41．have been employed 42．ensuring 43．reminding 44．What 45．a
【导语】本文介绍了世界著名考古奇迹秦始皇兵马俑。
【详解】36．考查动词时态语态。句意：兵马俑是世界上最重要的考古发现之一，坐落于陕西省西安市临潼区，每年吸引着海内外数百万游客前来参观。固定搭配be located in意为“坐落于”；主语The Terracotta Warriors为复数，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，谓语动词使用are located。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句子已有谓语are located，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，attract和上文句子为逻辑主谓关系，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然产生的结果。
38．考查定语从句。句意：这些真人大小的陶俑诞生于两千多年前的秦朝，排列整齐，每一尊都有着独一无二的面部神情与姿态，尽显中国古代工匠高超的制作技艺。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词These life-sized figures，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：这支兵马俑军队由统一中国的首位皇帝秦始皇下令修建，用以保障自己在来世得以安然庇佑。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式to ensure。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：据估算，超七十万名工匠耗时三十八年有余，建成这座庞大的地下建筑群，其中不仅有武士俑，还有战马、战车以及各类文物器具。固定句型spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，空处需填动名词building作宾语。
41．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，三维扫描、虚拟现实等先进技术已被投入使用，用于研究和保护兵马俑，让研究人员能更深入了解其制作工艺与历史价值。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，使用现在完成时，advanced technologies和employ为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数形式，助动词用have。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，当地政府出台严格举措，保护遗址免受环境破坏，力求让这一古迹长久留存，造福后代。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，ensure和上文句子为逻辑主谓关系，此处用现在分词形式ensuring作结果状语。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为中华古文明的象征，兵马俑始终令人心生敬畏、满怀好奇，时刻提醒着人们人类智慧创造出的非凡成就。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，主语 the Terracotta Army 与 remind之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
44．考查主语从句。句意：真正引人惊叹的是，这些静默的陶俑历经岁月洗礼，静静诉说着久远时代的往事。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。
45．考查冠词。句意：对于历史与考古爱好者而言，游览兵马俑是一场不容错过的必体验之旅。experience意为“经历”，是可数名词，且 must-see是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。
46．
Good morning, everyone! I’m Li Hua. My topic is Protecting Cultural Relics.
Cultural relics carry historical memories and connect us to our roots, helping us understand our past and pass down unique cultures to future generations.
However, many relics are now in danger. Natural aging damages them gradually, while over-tourism brings unexpected man-made destruction, and some are even damaged by improper behavior.
As students, we can start with small acts. When visiting relic sites, we should follow rules and never scratch or touch them randomly. We can also spread knowledge about relic protection online to call on more people to join.
Cultural relics are priceless treasures. Let’s take action to protect them together!
Thank you for listening!
【导语】本题要求考生以李华的身份，写一篇题为Protecting Cultural Relics的英语演讲稿，涵盖指定要点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
独特的：unique → distinct
不恰当的：improper → inappropriate
保护：protection → preservation
无价的：priceless → invaluable
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Cultural relics are priceless treasures.
拓展句：Cultural relics are priceless treasures that carry the wisdom and memory of our ancestors.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Cultural relics carry historical memories and connect us to our roots, helping us understand our past and pass down unique cultures to future generations. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语)
[高分句型2] When visiting relic sites, we should follow rules and never scratch or touch them randomly. (运用了状语从句的省略结构)
47．Cristina quickly held her breath, thinking they were coming to attack her. Her heart raced wildly, and she held her oxygen tank tightly, ready to escape at any moment. But to her surprise, the sharks swam gently around her, not showing any danger to her. The shark that she had just rescued touched her hand gently with its head, then turned and swam a short distance, looking back as if urging her to follow. She hesitated briefly before swimming after them, only to find that each of the three sharks also had broken steel hooks stuck in their mouths.
Cristina decided to stay and help the suffering sharks. Though she was in great danger of running out of oxygen, she repeated the same gentle process she had used earlier, calming each shark down before carefully pulling out the hooks one by one. Sweat mixed with seawater on her forehead, and her arms ached, but she didn’t stop until all hooks were removed. As she rushed upward to the surface with the last of her oxygen, she realized that trust is a bridge between different species, and every life deserves kindness and respect.
【导语】本文以人物为线索。讲述了意大利女潜水员克里斯蒂娜在巴哈马海域潜水时，偶遇一条嘴卡钢钩、痛苦不堪的鲨鱼。她不顾危险徒手为其取出钩子。获救鲨鱼心怀感恩，领来三条同样受伤的同伴。尽管氧气告急、身心疲惫，她仍坚持为所有鲨鱼摘除鱼钩，也由此感悟到跨物种信任可贵，每个生命都应被温柔善待与尊重。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容可知，本段可以写获救鲨鱼领来三条同样受伤的同伴，克里斯蒂娜却发现这三条鲨鱼的嘴里都咬着断裂的钢钩。
②由第二段首句内容可知，本段可以写尽管氧气告急、身心疲惫，克里斯蒂娜仍坚持为所有鲨鱼摘除鱼钩，也由此感悟到跨物种信任可贵。
2.续写线索：迅速屏住呼吸→并没有对她构成任何威胁→发现三条鲨鱼的嘴里都咬着断裂的钢钩→决定留下来帮助这些受苦的鲨鱼→小心翼翼地一根一根地拔出钩子→感悟到跨物种信任可贵
3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：show/demonstrate
②去除：remove/ eliminate
情绪类
①轻柔地：gently/softly
②惊讶：surprise/astonishment
【点睛】[高分句型1]. But to her surprise, the sharks swam gently around her, not showing any danger to her. (运用了现在分词作状语。)
[高分句型2]. Though she was in great danger of running out of oxygen, she repeated the same gentle process she had used earlier, calming each shark down before carefully pulling out the hooks one by one. (运用了Though引导的让步状语从句以及现在分词作状语。)
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